unit3+how+do+you+get+to+school

Unit 3 How do you get to school？
七年级英语下册必备知识清单
一、词汇知识清单
I、课标词汇[注意英译汉]
train [treɪn] n.火车
bus [bʌs] n.公交车
subway ['sʌbweɪ] n.地铁
take the subway乘地铁
ride [raɪd] v.骑n.旅程
bike [baɪk] n.自行车
ride a bike骑自行车
sixty ['sɪkstɪ] num.六十
seventy ['sev(ə)ntɪ] num.七十
eighty ['eɪtɪ] num.八十
ninety ['naɪntɪ] num.九十
hundred ['hʌndrəd] num.一百
minute ['mɪnɪt] n.分钟
far [fɑː(r)] adv.&adj.远；远的
kilometer ['kɪlə,mitɚ](=kilometre) (abbr.km) n.公里
new [njuː] adj.新的；刚出现的
every ['evrɪ] adj.每一；每个
every day每天
by [baɪ] prep.（表示方式）乘（交通工具）
by bike 骑自行车
drive [draɪv] v.开车
car [kɑːr] n.小汽车；轿车
live [lɪv] v.居住；生活
stop [stɒp] n.车站；停止
think of 认为
cross [krɔs] v.横过；越过
river ['rɪvə] n河，江
many ['menɪ] adj.&pron.许多
village [' vɪlɪdʒ] n.村庄，村镇
between [bɪ'twiːn] prep.介于…之间
between… and… 在……和……之间
bridge [brɪdʒ] n.桥
boat [bəʊt] n.小船
ropeway ['rop,we] n.索道
year [jɪə] n.年；岁
afraid [ə'freɪd] adj.害怕；畏惧
like [laɪk] prep.像；怎么样
villager [ˈvɪlɪdʒər] n.村民
leave [liː v] v.离开
dream [driːm] n.梦想；睡梦; v.做梦
true [truː] adj.真的；符合实际的
come true实现；成为现实
II、语法词汇知其变[注意词性变化]
1. bus [bʌs] n.公交车---pl.buses
2. ride [raɪd] v.骑n.旅程---ing形式riding---n.rider骑手；附文；扶手
3. new [njuː] adj.新的；刚出现的---n.news新闻
4. every day每天---adj.everyday日常的，每天的---adv. everyday天天，每天
5. drive [draɪv] v.开车---ing形式driving---n.driver司机，驾驶员
6. live [lɪv] v.居住；生活---ing形式living---adj.lively活泼的；真实的---adj.living活的，逼真的
7. stop [stɒp] n.车站；停止---ing形式stopping
8. cross [krɔs] v.横过；越过---ing形式crossing---adv.across从一边到另一边；在……对面---prep.across从一边到另一边；横过，穿过
9. village [' vɪlɪdʒ] n.村庄，村镇---n.villager村民
10. leave [liː v] v.离开---ing形式leaving---过去式---left
11. dream [driːm] n.梦想；睡梦; v.做梦---ing形式dreaming---n.dreamer梦想家，做梦的人，不切实际的人
12. true [truː] adj.真的；符合实际的---adv.truly真实地，真诚地，准确地
III、重点短语知搭配[注意固定短语的英汉互译]
take the train /bus/boat 乘火车/公共汽车/船
How do you get to…? 你怎样到达……
by bike 骑自行车
how long 多久，多长
how far 多远
How long odes it take sb. to do…? 做……花某人多长时间？
How far is it from …to …? ……离……有多远？
I'm not sure. 我不能确信。
have a good day at school 上课快乐
you, too. 你也是。
the bus ride 乘公共汽车
walk to school 走路上学
drive one's car to do… 开某人的车去做……
from here 从这儿
think of 认为
How far does he /she live from…? 他/她住在离……有多远？
What does he/she think of…? 他/她觉得……如何？
between…and… 在…..和……之间
come true 实现，成为现实
by bus /train 乘公交车/火车
it is adj. to do… 做……怎么样
run too quickly for… 对……来说流得太急
cross the river 通过河
one (an)11-year-old boy 一个11岁的男孩
be not afraid 不害怕
love to do 喜欢做……
play with 和……玩耍
be like…to sb. 像……一样对……
It is one's dream to do… 做……是某人的梦想
like this 像这样
have to do… 不得不做……
on a ropeway 坐索道
thanks for… 因……感谢你
get there 到达那儿
IV、核心单词知用法[注意固定短语、句型和词块]
Section A
1. How do you get to school？ 你怎么去学校的呢？(P. 13)
(1) how作疑问副词，意为“如何，怎样”，表示用什么手段，在本单元主要用于询问交通工具。
例如：How do your parents go to work?
How does your brother go to the museum?
How does Mike get to the school?
How do they go home?
(2) get作不及物动词，意为“到达”，常与to连用，表示目的地的词是副词here、there、home等时，不需用介词to。
【拓展】注意区分get和 reach，arrive的用法
reach 作及物动词，其后直接接宾语
arrive 作不及物动词，“arrive in+大地点；arrive at +小地点”
例如：They finally get to/reach/arrive in Tianjin in the morning.
My aunt gives me a call as soon as she gets to/reaches/arrives at bus station.
The monkey gets to/reaches/arrives at the zoo.
The party is so boring, I want to go home.
Please come here and join us.
I don’t want to go there. It’s scary.
2. How far is it from your home to school? 从你家到学校有多远? (P. 14)
How far作疑问副词，意为“多远，多少距离”。常用疑问句结构“How is it from A to B?=How far is B from A? 从A到B有多远？”
答语：(1) It’s…meters/miles/kilometers(away) from...有……米/英里/千米（远）
(2) It’s about ten minutes’ walk/ ride. 大约有十分钟步行/骑车的路程。
(3) It’s far/near.离得远/近。
例如：——How far is your school from your home?
——It’s five kilometers away from my school to my home./ It’s about ten minutes’ ride./It’s near.

——How far is it from Chongqing to Beijing?
——It’s about 1800 kilometers./ It’s about half past three hours’ flight./It’s far.
【拓展】A be far from B：A离B远；
A be 具体路程+away from B：A到B有……
A +be +路程距离from +B From A to B：A离B有……
例如：My school is far from my home.
My school is 10 kilometers away from my home.
It’s 10 kilometers (away) from my school to my home.
My school（A） is 10 kilometers from my home（B）.
3. I’m not sure…about 10 kilometers? 我不确定，大概10公里吧。(P. 14)
about作介词，可译作“大约，左右=around；将近，几乎；到处，处处，各处；在某地，附近，周围”
例如：They waited (for) about/around an hour.
I'm just about ready
The children were rushing about in the garden.
There was nobody about.
4. How long does it take you to get to school? 你到学校要花多长时间? (P. 14)
(1)how long作疑问副词，意为“多久”，用于提问时间。
例如：——How long does it take you to get to school?
——Just 10 minutes’ ride.

——How long have you been in America?
——For two years.
(2)take作动词，意为“ 携带；拿走；取走；花费”
【拓展】辨析take, spend, cost, pay
花费
主语
宾语
结构
take
it
时间
It takes sb some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
spend
人
时间/金钱
Sb. spend some time/money on sth 某人在某事或某物上花费时间/钱
Sb. spend some time/ money (in)doing sth 某人花时间/金钱做某事
cost
物
金钱
Sth. cost sb some money某物花费某人多少钱
pay
人
金钱
Sb. pay some money for sth.某人为某物付款/花费多少钱

例如：It took him seven days to make the big cake.
It takes me half an hour to do my homework.
It takes us 40 minutes to get to the new city.
He spent seven days making the big cake.
He spent seven days on the big cake.
I spend 20 yuan buying this book.
I spend 20 yuan on this book.
The skirt costs her 200 yuan.
He paid 1000 yuan for the TV set.
5. Find someone who lives about five kilometers from school. 找一个住在离学校大约5公里的人。(P. 15)
live作不及物动词，意为“居住，生活”。常用短语：
(1)live on sth. 以某物为食 (2) live a ...life 过...生活
例如：The sheep live on the green grass.
we live on milk when we are the baby.
The poor live a difficult life because of the bad weather.
The children live a happy life with hope.
【拓展】lively作形容词，意为“活泼的；真实的”；living作形容词，意为“活的，逼真的”。
例如：The old woman likes all of the lively kids.
The boy looks at the living fish in the picture.
Section B
1. bus stop公交车站，巴士站（小站点）
bus station 公交车站（主要指公共交通枢纽站）(P. 16)
例如：at the bus stop/station
I will wait for you at the bus stop.
Let’s meet at the bus station.
2. Mary wants to know what he thinks of the trip. 玛丽想知道他对这次旅行有什么看法。(P. 16)
(1)…what he thinks of the trip作动词know的宾语，为宾语从句。
(2)What do you think of/about ...? =How do you like...? 你认为.....怎么样？ 询问某人看法的句型
例如：What do you think of/about the book?= How do you like the book?
What does Mary think of/about the English story?= How does Mary like the English story?
What do your grandparents think of/about the picture?= How do your grandparents like the picture?
What do you think of going shopping?= How do you think of going shopping?
3. Crossing the river to school. 过河去上学。(P. 17)
cross作动词，意为“穿过，横穿、交叉”。亦作名词，意为“十字标记，十字形（或叉形）物”，复数形式为crosses。
例如：He crossed the Yellow River yesterday．
The two streets cross in the center of the city．
Mr. Li marked the paper with a cross．
【拓展】crossing 作名词，意为“人行横道，渡口；交叉口，十字路口”
across作介词，意为“穿过”，cross=go across
across与through都译为穿过, 但across指从物体表面上过去，而through指物体内部空间穿过
例如：You can turn left at the second crossing．
We should pay attention to the traffic lights at the crossing.
Go across the bridge, then you can see the library.
She crossed the river yesterday.
She swam across the river yesterday．
The travelers walk through the forest.
4. For many students, it is easy to get to school. 对许多学生来说，上学很容易。(P. 17)
(1)for作介词，意为“对；为了；因为，由于”，后跟“+n./pron./v.ing”作宾语。
例如：Thanks for your writing me back.
We didn’t go to the park for the rain yesterday.
It’s important for most people to live a healthy life.
There is no need for me to get up early tomorrow.
For your study, you should study harder.
We should save water for protecting our earth.
(2)it is easy to get to school.句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为“to get to school”。其结构为“it’s adj. for sb. to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事是……。”
例如：It’s easy for us to do the task.
It’s relaxing for children to watch TV on weekends.
It’s important for our students to study hard.
It’s helpful for Jack to follow the teacher’s advice.
It’s interesting for me to read science books.
It’s useful to listen to English radio.
5. There is no bridge and the river runs too quickly for boats. 这里没有桥，河水湍急，不能划船。(P. 17)
no作形容词来修饰名词，修饰单数可数名词时，结构“no+单数可数名词=not a/an+单数可数名词”；修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词时，结构“no+复数可数名词或不可数名词=not any+复数可数名词或不可数名词”
例如：There is no bridge.=There is not a bridge.
There is no student in the classroom.= There isn’t a student in the classroom.
The man walks for 2 days but he eats no food.= The man walks for 2 days but he doesn’t eat any food.
I have no problems.=I don’t have any problems.
6. One 11-year-old boy, Liangliang, crossing the river every school day. 11岁的男孩亮亮每天都要过河。(P. 17)
11-year-old作复合形容词，用作定语，修饰名词boy。结构为“数词+名词（+形容词）”构成复合形容词，其中的名词只能用单数形式。
例如：He is an 8 -year-old boy.
There is a 7-day trip from Lijiang to Xishuangbanna.
We will have a 2-hour meeting.
Tom has a three-mile walk with his grandpa.
He is helping the coach ready for the five-year plan of our team.
7. But he is not afraid. 但他并不害怕。(P. 17)
afraid作形容词，意为“害怕；畏惧”。常用结构：“be afraid to do害怕做某事”，是主观上的原因不去做，怕；“be afraid of doing 唯恐做某事”，担心做某事会引起某种后果；“be afraid of sth.害怕某物/某事”；“be afraid that + clause恐怕”。
例如：She was afraid to wake her husband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
The worker is afraid to talk with his boss.
The worker is afraid of making any mistakes.
Most of girls are afraid of snakes.
We are not afraid of our teacher because she is patient with us.
I’m afraid that I can’t go to Paris with you.
8. Many of the students and villagers never leave the village. 许多学生和村民从未离开过村子。(P. 17)
leave作动词，既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，常见用法如下：
(1)leave sp./sb./sth.离开某地/某人/某物
(2)leave for sp.前往某地，动身去某地
(3)听任,使处于某种状态
(4) leave+sth.+介词sp.把某物遗忘在某地
(5)辞去(工作等);脱离(组织等)
例如：Don’t forget to close the door when you leave home.
My lovely dog left me when I was 6 years old.
Mr. Lee decides to leave for London for business.
We have to leave for school now.
Please leave the windows open.
I feel sad now, so just leave me alone.
Mr. Smith, I am so sorry that I leave my homework at home.
The man leaves his keys in the car.
Mary left school last year and she is working in a shop now.
9. It is their dream to have a bridge. 拥有一座桥是他们的梦想。(P. 17)
(1)dream作动词，意为“做梦”，常用搭配为“dream of/about+n./pron./v.ing梦想，梦见”；作可数名词，意为“梦想；睡梦”。
例如：I had a beautiful dream last night.
We have a dream that we can fly in the sky.
All people dream of the peace of the world.
Woman all like diamond, because it means forever.
Sam dreams of becoming a scientist.
These young men all dream of traveling all over the world.
Everyone dreams of her, because she is so wonderful.
(2)句子“It’s their dream to have a bridge.”中“it”为形式主语，真正的主语为“to have a bridge”。
10. Can their dream come true? 他们的梦想能实现吗? (P. 17)
不及物动词短语come true 意为“实现，成为现实”，后面不能直接跟宾语，常用“dream come true梦想实现”。
例如：China dream can come true one day.
Hope my wishes come true.
It’s time that our dreams come true.
【拓展】realize和achieve作及物动词，后直接跟宾语。
例如：We can realize/achieve our China dream one day.
Hope that I realize/achieve my wishes.
It’s time for us to realize/achieve our dreams.
11. They have to cross a very big river between their school and the village. 在学校和村庄之间，他们必须穿过一条非常大的河。 (P. 17)
(1)have to意为“不得不，被迫”，后加动词原形，侧重客观的需要，有多种时态形式（一般现在时：have/has to+动原，一般过去时：had to+动原）；否定式为“don’t/doesn’t have to(needn’t)不必，没必要”。
例如：I have to go home to take care of my baby sister.
He has to finish this job this week.
—Do I have to hand in my paper right now?
—yes, you have to./No, you don’t have to./No, you needn’t.
【拓展】must 作情态动词，意为“必须”，后加动词原形，侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务做某事，只有现在时一种形式；否定式为“mustn’t 不准，禁止”。
例如：Harry, you must go to the school to study.
We must save water for our earth.
The students mustn’t take the phone to the school.
The drivers mustn’t stop here.
(2)介词短语between A and B意为“在A和B之间”。
例如：There is a bridge between this mountain and that mountain.
I sit down between Jessica and Jack.
二、语法知识清单
how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式并回答
1.交通方式的询问：How do/does sb. get to sp.?
2.交通方式的回答：
(1)take +a/an/the +表示交通工具的名词，意为“乘……去某地”，是动词短语，在句中作谓语。
(2)介词短语作方式状语：by + 表示交通工具的单数名词
on/in + a/an/the/one’s+表示交通工具的单数名词
(3)walk/ride/drive/fly+to+地点名词，步行/骑自行车/开车/坐飞机去某地
常用表达方式：walk = go/come/get to/arrive/reach...on foot
ride a / my bike =go/come/get to/arrive/reach…on the bike/by bike
take the bus= go/come/get to/arrive/reach…on the bus/by bus
drive a/my car= go/come/get to/arrive/reach…in a car/by car
fly= go/come/get to/arrive/reach…by plane/air= go/come/get to/arrive/reach…on a/the plane
例如：I walk to school.=I get to school on foot.
I ride my bike to school.=I get to school by bike.=I get to school on my bike.
I take the bus to school.=I get to school by bus=I get to school on the bus.
Drive a car to work.=Go to work by car.=Go to work in a car.
fly to shanghai=go to shanghai by plane/air=take the/a plane to shanghai=go to shanghai on a/an/the plane.
【注意】by + 表示交通工具的单数名词时，名词前不能加任何冠词或者其他修饰词。
三、语篇知识清单
本单元主要围绕日常生活中人们的出行方式、出行所花费的时间及两地之间的距离而展开话题讨论。此类话题与我们的生活非常贴近，同学们在写作过程中，应熟练运用所学句型来表达怎样到达某地、某地有多远、到该地需要多长时间等。
写作步骤
◆ 步骤一：在第一部分可通过自我介绍来引出话题。
◆ 步骤二：在第二部分可使用所学句子“It’s about two kilometers.”；“I usually go to school by bike…”和“It takes me about fifteen minutes…”来介绍具体情况。
◆ 步骤三：结尾可谈及相关感受。
【审清题目】
内容：介绍上学的相关情况，根据提示要求连词成句，连句成文。
文体：日记，记叙文，书信
人称：第一人称I或we；第二人称you；第三人称he/she/they。
【头脑风暴】

【提供素材】
◆语块
上学情况
I go to school by bus/subway/bike/car.
I take the bus at the bus stop every day.
It takes sb. 10 minutes to go to school.
It’s about five kilometers from my home to school.
It’s about 15 minutes by bike.
My mother has to take me to school by her car.
It’s about 15 minutes’ ride.= It’s about 15-minute ride.
感受
I like riding to school.
I am afraid of taking the subway by myself, when I was young.
I think it’s a healthy way to go to school by bike.
I like going to school by bus, because it’s friendly to the earth/environment.
其他
All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
A road of a thousand miles begins with one step.千里之行始于足下。
◆句型
Sb. go(es) to school by…
Sb. take(s) the bus at the bus stop every day.
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
It’s about… kilometers from my home to school.
It’s about…minutes by bike.
Sb. be afraid of doing sth. by oneself.
What do/does sb. think of (doing) sth.?
Sp. is at the crossing of the street.
A is (not) far from B.
【谋篇布局】

【点评范文】
1.内容：本文章要求对上学情况进行介绍。
2.语言：从自我介绍，上学情况到谈及感受，文章清晰准确地进行了描述，逻辑清晰，结构清楚。文章中的佳句有时间状语从句“But when it rains, my mother has to take me to school by her car.”和原因状语从句“I like riding my bike to school because it is healthy.”。
例文：
假如你叫王伟，请你以Riding a Bike to School为题，写一篇短文，介绍一下自己每天上学的方式。
要点提示：1.你家离学校的距离；2.你上学的方式；3.花费的时间；4.你对此上学方式的看法。
要求：1. 内容完整，语句通顺；2. 包含所有要点提示，并可适当发挥；3. 不得出现真实人名、校名，词数60左右。
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【思路导航】
文体：记叙文；人称：第一人称。
【佳作展示】
Ride a Bike to School
My name is Wang Wei. I’m a middle school student. You want to know how I get to school, right? Now let me tell about it.
I live in a small village, but my house is not far from school. It’s only about two kilometers. I usually ride my bike to school every day. It’s about twenty minutes’ ride. But sometimes I spend 10 minutes taking the bus to go to school.
I like going to school by bike because I think it’s a healthy way.
【名师点评】
【高分句型一】
You want to know how I get to school, right? 你想知道我怎样去学校，对吗？句型：how I get to school为宾语从句；句末用反意疑问句结束。
【高分句型二】
Now let me tell about it. 现在让我告诉你关于它吧。句型：祈使句。
【高分句型三】
I live in a small village, but my house is not far from school.我居住在一个小村庄，但是我的房子离我的学校不远。句型：but引导让步状语从句。
【亮点短语】
get to school到达学校； live in a small village居住在小村庄；be not far from sp.离……不远；about two kilometers大约两公里；ride my bike to school骑自行车去学校；every day每天；twenty minutes’ ride20分钟的骑行路程；sb. spend time doing sth.某人花时间做某事；by bike骑自行车；a healthy way一种健康的方式。