unit4+don't+eat+in+class

Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.七年级英语下册必备知识清单一、词汇知识清单I、课标词汇[注意英译汉]rule [ruːl] n.规则；规章arrive [ə'raɪv] v.到达(be) on time准时hallway ['hɔːlweɪ] n.走廊；过道hall [hɔːl] n.大厅；礼堂 dining [ˈdaɪnɪŋ] hall餐厅listen ['lɪs(ə)n] v.听；倾听 listen to… 听……fight [faɪt] v.&n.打架；战斗sorry ['sɒrɪ] adj.抱歉的；难过的；惋惜的outside [aʊt'saɪd] adv.在外面adj.外面的wear [weə] v.穿；戴 important [ɪm'pɔːt(ə)nt] adj.重要的bring [brɪŋ] v.带来；取来uniform ['juːnɪfɔːm] n.校服；制服quiet ['kwaɪət] adj.安静的out [aʊt] adv.外出 go out外出（娱乐）practice [ˈpræktɪs] v.&n.练习dish [dɪʃ] n.碟；盘do the dishes清洗餐具before [bɪ'fɔː] prep.&conj在…以前adv.以前 make (one’s) bed铺床dirty ['dɜːtɪ] adj.脏的 kitchen ['kɪtʃɪn] n.厨房 more [mɔː] adj.&pron.更多（的）noisy ['nɒɪzɪ] adj.吵闹的 relax [rɪ'læks] v.放松；休息 read [riːd] v.读；阅读  terrible ['terɪb(ə)l] adj.非常讨厌的；可怕的  feel [fiːl] v.感受；觉的 strict [strɪkt] adj.严格的；严厉的 be strict (with sb.) （对某人）要求严格remember [rɪ'membə] v.记住；记起follow ['fɒləʊ] v.遵循；跟随follow the rules遵守规则luck [lʌk] n.幸运；运气 keep [kiːp] v.保持；保留 hair [heə] n.头发；毛发 learn [lɜːn] v.学习；学会 II、语法词汇知其变[注意词性变化]arrive [ə'raɪv] v.到达---ing形式arriving---n.arrival到达，到来listen ['lɪs(ə)n] v.听；倾听---ing形式listening---n.listener听众fight [faɪt] v.&n.打架；战斗---ing形式fighting---n.fighter战士；好战者wear [weə] v.穿；戴---ing形式wearingimportant [ɪm'pɔːt(ə)nt] adj.重要的---adj.unimportant不重要的more [mɔː] adj.&pron.更多（的）---原级many;much许多---最高级most最多noisy ['nɒɪzɪ] adj.吵闹的---n.noise噪音relax [rɪ'læks] v.放松；休息---adj.relaxing令人轻松的，愉快的;relaxed放松的，轻松的read [riːd] v.读；阅读---ing形式reading---n.reader读者terrible ['terɪb(ə)l] adj.非常讨厌的；可怕的---v.terrify使害怕，使恐惧---adv.terribly很，非常；严重地feel [fiːl] v.感受；觉的---n.feeling感觉；看法remember [rɪ'membə] v.记住；记起--- ing形式rememberingfollow ['fɒləʊ] v.遵循；跟随---ing形式following---n.follower追随者---adj.following之后的，以下的luck [lʌk] n.幸运；运气---adj.lucky幸运的---adj.unlucky不幸运的---adv.luckily幸运地learn [lɜːn] v.学习；学会---ing形式learning---n.learner学习者；初学者III、重点短语知搭配[注意固定短语的英汉互译]in the hallways 在走廊里be on time 准时in/ after class 在课上/下the number of ……的数量 a number of……许多follow the rules 遵守规则 break the rules 打破规则 arrive late for class 上课迟到 listen to the music 听音乐  fight with 与某人打架 be late for 迟到 bring to 带来 have to be quiet 不得不安静 a school uniform 一件校服  talk about 谈论某事  see friends 看朋友    practice the guitar 练习吉他 do the dishes 清洗餐具make the bed 铺床 leave sth. at/on/in sp. 把某物落在某地  remember doing 忘记做过remember to do 记得做某事  too noisy/quiet 太闹/安静 feel well 感觉好tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人去做某事 be strict with sb. in sth. 对某人某事严格 keep my hair short 我留短发play with friends 和朋友玩  learn to do 学习去做某事  learn from向…学习  have fun doing 做某事有意思  good luck 好运IV、核心单词知用法[注意固定短语、句型和词块]Section A1. Don’t arrive late for class. You must be on time. 上课不要迟到。你必须准时。(P. 19)动词短语arrive late for意为“迟到”，侧重到达的时间晚；同义短语be late for侧重于状态。例如：arrive late for class/school. = be late for class/school.  上课/上学迟到If you arrive late for the meeting, the boss will be very angry.The teacher tells Tom: “Don’t arrive late for class again.”2. Don’t listen to music in class. 上课不要听音乐。(P. 19)介词短语on time意为“准时”，按规定时间或指定时间做某事，不早不晚。【拓展】in time意为“及时”，不迟到或在规定时间之前或接近所规定时间做某事，没有迟到，时间还充裕。例如：He always go to school on time.Don't worry, she'll be on time.Fireman reached the house on fire in time.I hope we get there in time.3. Don’t fight. 不要打架 (P. 19)fight作动词或名词，意为“打架、打仗”，其过去式为不规则fought。动词fight后跟不同的介词，所表达意思不一样。(1)fight for意为“为…而斗争”，后面常接抽象名词，表示为事业、自由等而斗争  目的。(2) fight against意为“为反对…而战斗”，后接事物名词、人和国家名词。(3)fight with 意为“和…打架，同…（并肩）战斗，对抗”，后只接表示人或国家的名词。(4) fight about 意为“为...争吵”，强调吵架的原因例如：They are fighting for freedom.The heroes fought for our country.They fought against the violence.The army decide to fight against the force.Don’t fight with him.Koreans fight with Chinese against the invaders.There is no meaning to fight about this.The scientists fight with the environmentalists about the environment. 4. Can we bring music players to school? 我们可以把音乐播放器带到学校吗？(P. 20)bring作动词，意为“带来”，强调把东西从别处带到说话地。【拓展】take意为“带走，拿走”，强调把东西从说话地带到别的地方。例如：Can we bring the cake to the welcome party?Can you help me to take the books to the classroom?Let’s bring these books to the school.You can take these toys to Jerry’s.5. And we always have to wear the school uniform. 而且我们总是要穿校服。(P. 20)have to侧重于客观上的必要，必须，意为“不得不做某事”，后跟动词原形，其有人称和数的变化，主语为第三人称单数时用“has to”。句型结构：肯定句—sb +have/has to+动词原形。否定句—sb +don’t/doesn’t have to+动词原形。一般疑问句—Does/Do +sb. +have to+动词原形？肯定回答—Yes, …do/does.否定回答—No, …don’t/doesn’t.特殊疑问句—特殊疑问词+do/does +sb. +have to +动词原形？例如：He has to work on Sunday.He doesn’t have to work on Sunday.Does he have to work on Sunday?Yes, he does. /No, he doesn’t.What day does he have to work? We have to leave Beijing now.We don’t have to leave Beijing now.Do you have to leave Beijing now?Yes, we do. /No, we don’t.Where do you leave now?Section B1. Dave has to practice the guitar. 大卫不得不练习吉他。(P. 22)practice作动词或名词，意为“练习”。作动词时，常用搭配“practice (doing) sth.练习（做）某事”；从名词时，常做不可数名词。例如：We can see Dave practice (playing) the piano.You must practice this movement more.Let’s do some practice.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧2. Dave has to help his mom make breakfast. 大卫不得不帮助他妈妈做早餐。(P. 22)help作动词，意为“帮助”，亦可作不可数名词。作动词时常用搭配：“help sb (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事；help sb with sth.帮助某人做某事；help oneself(myself/yourself/herself…) to+n.请随便用…”。例如：Can you help me (to) practice English?I need you to help me (to) do the dishes.I often help him with his lessons.My friends want me to help him with spoken English.Please help yourselves to some fruit.The housewife asked us to help ourselves to some food.3. before dinner晚餐之前(P. 22)before可作介词，意为“在……之前”后跟名词，代词，动名词做宾语，构成结构“before+n./pron./v.ing”;也可做连词，意为“在……以（之）前”后跟句子构成时间状语从句。例如：Before dinner, I want to watch TV with my friends.Before that, he goes back to school.Before reading this book, Rick has to do his homework.Before having dinner, we need to wash our hands.I have to finish this job before my boss comes back.4. There are too many rules! 这里有太多规则了。(P. 23)形容词短语too many意为“太多”，后跟可数名词复数。【拓展】辨析too many, too much和much too的用法短语含义用法too many太多形容词短语，修饰可数名词复数too much太多形容词短语，修饰不可数名词much too太，非常副词短语，修饰副词或形容词例如：There are too many people in the park.Jim, you made too many mistakes.I have too much homework today.These volunteers provide too much milk for the poor.My mother is much too busy.It’s much too important for us to learn math.注意：没有many too的表达。5. At school, we have more rules—don’t be noisy, don’t eat in class… 在学校，我们有更多的规则——不要吵闹，不要在课上吃东西……(P. 23)more作形容词many和much的比较级，意为“更多的”，可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。其最高级为most，意为“最多的，最大的”。例如：Can you give him one more book?These men need more water and food.There are more cars in the street.6. After dinner, I can’t relax either. 晚餐后，我也不能放松。(P. 23)either在本句子中作副词，意为“也（不）”。在unit2中，学习过either作为连词构成短语“either…or…”的用法。【拓展】辨析either, too和also的用法。易混词意义及用法either“也”，用于否定句中，置于句末，用“，”隔开too“也”，用于肯定句句末，用“，”隔开also“也”，用于肯定句句中，置于系动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前例如：I won’t go there, either.The girl can’t play the guitar, either.I like dancing, too.I want to travel the beautiful city, too.I also like English.The scientist also hopes our students can pay more attention to the environment.7. Parents and schools are sometimes strict, but remember, they make rules to help us. 父母和学校有时很严格，但请记住，他们制定规则是为了帮助我们。(P. 23)(1) strict作形容词，意为“严格的；严厉的”，常与be动词连用，构成结构“be strict with sb 对某人严厉”和“be strict in (doing) sth.  对某事要求严格”。例如：Mr. White is very strict with us.When I do something wrong, my father is always strict with me.Our boss is strict in our work.As a student, we should be strict in our study.(2) remember作及物动词，意为“记得，记住”，可以直接+名词/动名词/不定式。构成结构“remember doing sth.记得已做某事（已做）”和“remember to do sth.记得要做某事（还没做）”。例如：I remember seeing him once.The old man remembered locking the door, but actually, he didn’t. Remember to post the letter for me.He still remembers to write to his wife.【拓展】forget意为“忘记，忘了”，作remember反义词，用法和remember相同“forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做）”和“forget to do sth.忘记要做某事（还没做）”。例如：My mother always forgets telling the same things.I forget turning off the lights when I leave my home.Don’t forget to hand in your homework.I am sorry that I forget to tell the meeting.8. So students have to follow the rules. 所以学生们不得不遵守规则。(P. 23)follow作及物动词，后可直接跟宾语，意为“遵守，遵循；跟随”，可用结构“follow sb to do sth.跟着某人做某事”。例如：The police tell us to follow the rules.I think we should follow our parents’ advice.When I was a child, I like to follow my brother to go to school.Just follow the directions to go to the party.9. I have to keep my hair short. 我得留短发。(P. 24)keep可作连系动词，可用结构“keep+（sth./sb.）+形容词：使.....保持某种状态”；也可作实义动词，常用结构“keep doing sth.一直做某事”;“keep ... from doing ... 阻止做某事……”；还可表示“保管，保存=borrow；遵守=follow；饲养”。例如：Everyone wants to keep healthy.The flowers keep fresh because the little girl waters them every day.I really want to keep mom happy.No one can keep himself young forever.It keeps raining some days, so we have to stay at home.Can you believe that the man keeps working for a week.We must keep them from cutting down trees.These rules keep us from bring phones to school.Could you please help me keep my dog for two days?Please keep these school rules!I’d like to keep your books .10. I can’t relax on weekends either because I must learn to play the piano. 周末我也不能放松，因为我必须学习弹钢琴。(P. 24)learn作动词，意为“学习，学会，（从……）汲取教训”，可用结构“learn to do sth.学（做某事）”；“learn from…向……学习”和“learn by oneself=teach oneself 自学”。例如：We need to learn to take care of ourselves.I learn a lot from these history books.The little girl learns to play the piano by herself. = The little girl teaches herself to play the piano.【拓展】谚语：It’s never too old to learn. 活到老学到老。二、语法知识清单祈使句1. 定义用来表示请求、命令、建议、号召、警告等的句子。说话的对象大多为第二人称you，且常被省略。句末用感叹号或句号，读时用降调。为了表示客气，常用please一词。放在句首时，其后不加逗号；放在句末时，其前通常加逗号。2. 构成：祈使句分为肯定祈使句和否定祈使句。(1) 肯定祈使句的构成：① Do型，即以行为动词原形开头。② Be型，即以动词be开头。③ Let型，即以let开头。例如：Move quickly!Stop talking!Watch out!Be quiet please! Be quick/fast!Let’s play basketball.Let’s go out for fun.(2) 否定祈使句的构成：① Do型和Be型的否定式，在动词前加don’t或never，即“Don’t do/be sth.”或者“Never do/be sth.”。② Let型的有两种否定形式：在let前加don’t，即“Don’t let sb. do sth.”或在let sb.后加not，即“Let sb. not do sth.”。③其他类型：“No +v.-ing形式/名词”，用于警示人们不要做某事。例如：Don’t come in.Don’t be sad. You are so nice.Jerry, never give up yourself.Never be angry.Don’t let them cry. = Let them not cry.Let me not go there. = Don’t let me go there. No talking/parking/smoking!3. 答语祈使句的动作通常是将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。【注意】在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意形式一致和意义相反。即：yes与will；no与won’t要一致；yes意为“不”；no意为“是”。例如：—Don’t go out. It’s raining hard. 不要出去了。天正下着大雨。—Yes, I will. Lily is waiting for me. 不，我要去。莉莉在等我呢—No, I won’t. I will stay at home. 好的，我不会去的。我待在家就好。4. 其他用法: 祈使句和陈述句的连用(1)祈使句+ and/ then + 陈述句，二者之间表示一种顺承关系。例如：Study hard, and you can get good grades.Be careful, and you will find it easy.Act it now, and our world will be better.Plant more tree, and the earth will be more beautiful.(2)祈使句+ or +陈述句，二者之间表示一种否定条件。例如：Move quickly, or you will miss the bus.Study hard, or you will fail the exam again.Remember these sentences, or you won’t pass the test.Be polite to others, or they will be sad because of your words.三、语篇知识清单本单元我们主要学习了如何使用祈使句来表示请求、命令、劝告、警告、禁止。事实上，祈使句在我们的实际生活中使用得非常普遍，在写作中出现的频率也很高。因此，通过本单元的学习，同学们要学会使用祈使句来描述规章制度。同时掌握情态动词can，must及have to的基本用法。写作步骤◆ 步骤一：在第一部分引出谈论校规的话题。◆ 步骤二：在第二部分可使用祈使句，情态动词can，must及have to来介绍具体的几条校规。◆ 步骤三：结尾写出自己对于校规的看法。【审清题目】内容：介绍学校的校规，根据题目要求完整描写，可使用顺序副词连接几条规则。文体：记叙文，书信人称：第一人称I或we；第二人称you；第三人称he/she/they。【头脑风暴】【提供素材】◆语块引出话题There are many rules in my school. I think they are strict but helpful.Different schools have different rules. Now I would like to tell you about my rules.介绍校规I can’t arrive late for class. I must be on time. We can’t listen to music in class.We have to wear uniforms at school.You have to be quiet in the library.You can’t go out on school nights.You must help your mother do the dishes after dinner.发表看法I think we have too many rules. I feel terrible.I don't think these rules are strict. We must follow them because they’ re good for us.名言警句If you don’t follow the rules, you can’t do anything right. 没有规矩不成方圆。A nation has its rule and a family also has one. 国有国法，家有家规。◆句型There are too many rules in our school. First… Second… Third… And last…We can/can’t/must/have to…When…, we should…I think these school rules are…We must follow them because…What about yours?【谋篇布局】【点评范文】1.内容：本文通过书信方式分段介绍了学校的七条校规。2.语言：本文以三段式逻辑清晰的介绍了学校的七条校规，以及“我”的看法。灵活准确地运用了祈使句和情态动词。文章中的佳句有L型祈使句“Now let me tell you about them. /Please write and tell me”，时间状语从句“When we meet our teachers on our way, we should say hello to them.”和宾语从句“I think we have too many rules.”。例文：假如你是Lisa，请你给你美国笔友Jill发一封电子邮件，告诉她你们班的班规，并谈谈你对这些规则的看法。提示：1.不能迟到；2.必须按时完成作业；3.不能和同学打架4.每天必须打扫一次教室。要求：50词左右，可适当发挥。电子邮件的格式和开头已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jill, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,Lisa【思路导航】文体：邮件；人称：第一人称。【佳作展示】 Dear Jill, I'm now in Class 4 Grade 7. To make our class better in our school, we have some class rules. Let me tell you some of my class rules. First, we can't arrive late for school. So we have to go to bed early and get up early. Second, we have to finish our homework on time. Third, we can't fight with our classmates. And last, we must clean our classroom every day and keep it clean.I don't think these rules are strict. If you don’t follow the rules, you can’t do anything right. We must follow them because they’ re good for us.Yours,Lisa【名师点评】【高分句型一】To make our class better in our school, we have some class rules. 为了让我们班在全校更优秀，我们有一些班规。句型：To make our class better in our school不定式放句首作目的状语。【高分句型二】Let me tell you some of my class rules. 让我告诉你我的一些班规吧。句型：祈使句。【高分句型三】I don't think these rules are strict. 我认为这些规则并不严苛。句型：these rules are strict为宾语从句。【高分句型四】If you don’t follow the rules, you can’t do anything right. 没有规矩不成方圆。句型：if引导条件状语从句。【高分句型五】We must follow them because they’ re good for us. 我们必须遵守它们，因为它们对我们有好处。句型：because引导原因状语从句。【亮点短语】in Class 4 Grade 7在七年级四班；make our class better让我们班更好；some of my class rules我们的一些班规；arrive late for school上学迟到；go to bed early and get up early早睡早起；finish our homework on time按时完成家庭作业；fight with sb.和某人打架；clean our classroom打扫教室；every day每天；keep it clean保持干净；follow the rules遵守规则；be good for sb.对某人有好处。