2023年中考语法一点通 语法专题03 介词【考点精讲精练】

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中考英语总复习方法指导为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。中考总复习一般分为三轮：1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过一轮复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法。2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。 语法专题三、介词（常考）考点1  时间介词①     in， after， later表示时间的区别     in ＋时间段，  用于将来时，表示“过……后”。He will come back in an hour.   after＋一段时间，用于过去时，表示“在……以后”。After an hour， he came back.   after＋时间点， 用于将来时，表示“在……以后”。 He will come back after 5 o'clock.   时间段＋ later，常用于过去时，表示“在……之后”。 An hour later， he came back.②     in， on， at表示时间的区别  in 主要表达年、月、季节、年代、世纪；泛指上午、下午、晚上。         in spring在春天   in February在二月   in the 21st century在21世纪         We have four lessons in the morning. 我们上午有四节课。on 主要表示星期、日期或具体的某一天；特指具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上用on。         on Monday在星期一  on May 1st 在五月一号  on Labor Day在劳动节         We have two lessons on Friday afternoon. 我们周五下午有两节课。at 表示某一时刻，用于具体时间点前，或正午和午夜前。         at 7:00在七点  at noon 在正午  at night在晚上/在午夜         We start classes at eight o’clock every morning. （注意every, this, last, next前不加介词）我们每天早上八点上课。(2021·北京市·历年真题)Space Day of China falls ______ April 24th every year.A. on B. by C. at D. in ③     for， since 表示时间的区别 （现在完成时的标志词）for ＋ 时间段         I have lived here for 10 years. 我已经住在这里十年了。since ＋ 时间点 /ago短语/一般过去时的从句         I have lived here since 2013.自从2013年我就住在这里。         I have lived here since 10 years ago. 自从十年前我就住在这里。         I have lived here since I moved here in 2013. 自从2013年我搬过来就住在这里。④     after，before表示时间的区别after“在……之后”，接时间点，与将来时连用；接时间段，与过去时连用。         He will come back after 5 o'clock. 他五点之后会回来。         After an hour， he came back. 一小时以后，他回来了。before “在……之前”，只接时间点，而不能接一段时间，可用于多种时态。         Please turn off the lights before ten o’clock.请十点前关灯。         I will come back before five o’clock .我会在五点之前回来。⑤     其他时间介词during “在……期间”，与表示特定一段时间的名词短语连用。         The colors of the rock can change during different periods in the day. 在一天的不同时段内，岩石的颜色会变化。until/till “直到”，在肯定句中，谓语动词用延续性动词；在否定句中，谓语动词多是非延续性动词，意为“直到……才……”         I waited until it got dark. 我一直等到天黑了。         I didn’t go to bed until my parents came back last night. 昨晚我一直等到我父母回来才睡觉。考点2  方位介词①     through, across表示 “穿过”时的区别through 介词，纵穿(从空间穿过)。      The soldiers went through the forest.across  介词，横穿(横过某个平面)。     He is walking across the street.【拓展】cross   动词，横穿(横过某个平面)。 ＝ He is crossing the street. (2022·云南省·单元测试)—Look, there is a cute bird, Mom.—It flew into our kitchen ______ the window just now, Alex.A. across B. through C. above D. under ②     among， between “在……之间”的区别among 在(三者或三者以上)之间；         Daming is the tallest among the boys. 大明是男生里最高的。between  在(两者)之间。常用词组： between…and…         She sat between Lily and Lucy. 她坐在了莉莉和露西的中间。③ in， on， to 表方位关系时的区别in 表示在范围之内(属于该范围)；on 表示与某一地区接壤； to/off 表示隔海相望。         Guangdong is in the south of China. (广东属于中国)         Guangdong is on the south of Hunan. (广东不属于湖南，但与湖南是毗邻关系)          Japan is to the east of China. (日本不属于中国，而且隔海相望)④ 表方位的介词 on， in， behind， after之间的区别on 表示在某人、某物的左边或右边          Jim sits on my right and Tom sit on my left. 吉姆坐在我右边，汤姆坐在我左边。in 用来表示在第几排；         I sit in Row 5. 我坐在第五排。behind 用来表示“在……后面”；          Li Lei sits behind me.李雷坐在我后面。after “在……之后/后面”，表方位时强调顺序          Boys walk after girls. 男生走在女生后面。考点3：其他介词的用法①     except “除去”，表示不包括后面所提到的人或物在内的。         Nobody was late except me. 除了我，没有人迟到。（没迟到的同学中不包括我，即只有我迟到了）   besides “除……以外还有”，表示包括后面所提到的人或物在内的。         Tony was also late besides me. 除了我，Tony也迟到了。（迟到的同学中包括我，我和Tony都迟到了）   beside “在……旁边”         Come and sit beside me. 过来坐在我旁边。(2019·河北省邯郸市·月考试卷)All the workers went home yesterday ______ Mr. Wang. Because he was on duty.A. except B. besides C. except for D. beside ②     表示方式时with, in, by的区别with 介词，表示“用(工具)”。                      We walk with our feet.我们用脚走路。   in   介词，表示“用(材料、语言、声音)”。          Can you say it in English？你可以用英语说它吗？by  介词，表示“以……方式、方法、手段”，或表交通工具。         I go to school by bike. 我骑自行车上学。③     from 和介词tofrom “来自”；“根据，从……来看”；“从……时间/地点”to “到，往，去”；“到……时间/地点” from…to…“从……到……”，表示时间或地点         We go to school from Monday to Friday. 从周一到周五我们上学。         Please get on the train from Beijing to Shanghai.请上从北京到上海的火车。考点4 介词短语agree with 同意       arrive at / in 到达     at once 立刻    at the same time 同时     at the age of 在…岁时      be angry with 升…的气   be good at / do well in擅长于    be interested in 对…感兴趣  be late for 迟到           be strict with 对…严格   by the way 顺便说       on one’s way to… 在…的路上   by mistake  错误地      catch up with 赶上       cheer up  使…高兴            come up with  提出depend on  依靠         be different from 与…不同      fall off  掉下来       get along with与…相处   hear of  听说                 hear from 收到…来信   help with 帮助           in public  在公共场合         in trouble 处于困境中in surprise 惊奇地        in time  及时                learn from 向…学习       laugh at  嘲笑           make friends with 与…交朋友   on foot   步行  regard as 把…当作       to one’s surprise 使…惊奇的是    with a smile 微笑着【辨析】①     on the wall 紧贴在墙表面上的，“在墙上”。in the wall  镶嵌在墙里的，“在墙上”。         There is a map of China on the wall. 墙上有张中国地图。（地图是贴上去的）         There is a big hole in the wall. 墙上有个大洞。（洞是墙本身里的）②     on the tree  长在树上的果、叶等， “在树上”。 in the tree  外来的东西， “在树上”。          There are many apples on the tree.树上有很多苹果。（苹果长在树上用on）         There are many birds in the tree.树上有很多鸟。（鸟外来的在树上用in）③     with的意思是“有”，表示伴随； without的意思是“没有”。         I live in a big house with a garden. 我住在带有花园的一座大房子里。         I live in a small flat without a TV. 我住在一个没有电视的小公寓里。④ in front of   在……的前面 (物体外面的前面)。in the front of  在…的前部 (物体里面的前面) 。         There is a tree in front of the classroom. 教室前有棵树。（树在教室外面）         There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室前有块黑板。（黑板在教室里面）考点5 介词的语法功能介词作为虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，后面必须接名词、代词、动名词、短语，才能充当句子成分。特别注意介词后面不能接动词原形，必须变成动名词形式v-ing，这个考点在初中阶段或中考中都很常见，通常和非谓语动词一起考查。Thank you for           (tell) me about the different festivals in the world. I am looking forward to ______ (go) back to my hometown. （这里的to是介词）   中考语法—介词专项练习（共计50小题，每小题2分，总分100分。）    Space Day of China falls ______ April 24th every year.A. on B. by C. at D. in    Welcome to our store. We have skirts ______ all colors ______￥16 each.A. at; in B. in; for C. at; at D. in; in    We have a geography lesson ______ three o'clock ______ Thursday afternoon.A. at; in B. in; in C. on; on D. at; on    You'd better not hang out after school ______ telling your parents. They may worry about you.A. by B. with C. without D. after    More and more young people go skating              winter.A. at B. in C. on D. to    Happy birthday, Peter! Here's a gift           ​​​​​​​ you.A. for B. in C. with D. from    We planted some flowers ______ the garden yesterday.A. on B. to C. in D. of    —Look, there is a cute bird, Mom.—It flew into our kitchen ______ the window just now, Alex.A. across B. through C. above D. under    —Excuse me，could you please tell me where the nearest restroom is？—Go ______ the hallway and turn left，it's across ______ the teachers' office. A. along；from   B. to；of         C. down；to Don't use your mobile phone when you go _________the road. It's dangerous.A. through B. over C. into D. across The children here improve their English ______ listening and speaking every day.A. on B. through C. with D. by They went climbing          the morning of May 1 and came back          the afternoon.A. on; on B. in; in C. on; in D. in; on—Oh, my god! I've left my keys in the room. I'll have to get in ______ the window．—It's dangerous. You'd better wait for your mom to come back.A. past B. over C. across D. through—How long have you lived in the new flat?—________ 2010.A. In B. After C. Since D. Before Mo Yan’s books are very popular. You can find they are on sale 　　　many languages.A. in B. to C. with D. at With the teachers' help, I have realized I'm not the center        the world and learned to put myself in others' shoes.A. of B. by C. up D. under Lucy lived in Beijing from 2008____________ 2012．A. on B. to C. at D. of It is great ______ us to get so many favourite books on International Children's Book Day.A. to B. with C. Of D. for Our class are much sure to win the basketball game ______ Class Three.A. of B. in C. against D. from His opinions are similar _____ yours but different_____ Julia's． A. to； from B. from； to C. as； with D. with； as It's very nice ______ pictures for me.A. of you to draw B. for you to draw C. for you drawing D. of you drawing I want to learn a second foreign language ______ English.A. except B. beside C. besides D. except for The high-speed train ______ Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The train ride takes only about three hours.A. from B. among C. in D. between ​Robert Hunt sometimes advises the students ____ common problems.A. in B. about C. with D. for A recent study in Australia shows that parents are            the top five world's hardest jobs.A. between B. among C. from D. above Could you please give me a hand? I can't complete the task on time        your help.A. without B. under C. with D. for Taiwan is part of China. It is           ​​​​​​​ the southeast of our country.A. to B. on C. in D. at My mother gets up ________ five o'clock every morning to cook breakfast for me.A. on B. at C. in D. for There is going to be an English movie in our school ______ the evening of June 30.A. at B. in C. for D. on—Have you heard of the news about Yuan Longping?—Yes. It's reported that he passed away ______ the age of 91 yesterday.A. at              B. in            C. onNo hurry. The bus will arrive _______ ten minutes.A. at B. for C. in D. by Maria is leaving for France soon by air. She will arrive          ​​​​​​​Paris           the morning of August 8th.A. at; in B. in; on C. in; in D. at; on Look! The young girl is dressing up ______ an old woman ______ a black coat.A. as; in B. as; of C. in; as D. in; of—How do you usually go to work?—I usually go to work _______ car, but sometimes _______ foot.A. by; by B. on; on C. on; by D. by; on All the workers went home yesterday ______ Mr. Wang. Because he was on duty.A. except B. besides C. except for D. besideYour painting is nice _____ the dark colour.A. except B. besides C. except for D. butIt's wrong ______ you ______ the disabled people.​A. for; to laugh B. of; to laughC. of; to laugh at D. for; to laugh at—I don't think I can work_____ the math problem．—Think hard，and you can come up _____ the answer． A. on； to B. out； with C. at； with D. on； for—It’s very kind _____ you to help me with my housework.    —Don’t mention it. I regard you ____ my family member.A. for; of B. for; as C. of; of D. of; asThe old woman looked at me ______ surprise．A. in B. to C. with D. by ______ my surprise, he didn't pass the exam.A. To B. In C. By D. AtWang Ping is a good student and she always gets to school ________ time.A. on B. in C. at D. ofHurry up, if you want to be ________ for the beginning of the film．A. all the time B. in timeC. some time D. from time to time Sports can help you make friends. It’s a good way to get along _________ people.A. for B. with C. of D. in Lily is upset now. Letˈs cheer her ___.A. in B. out C. on D. up ​It will be quite cold tomorrow. The temperature (温度) will drop a lot. Itˈll fall ___________ zero.A. below B. over C. above D. under -How do you study English so well？-     reading many books． A. To B. Of C. At D. ByHe promised to deal with such problems，he did do so．His word is ____________ his action． A. better than B. worse than C. as well as D. as good as—What do you think of Lin Ming, the chief engineer of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project(港珠澳大桥项目)?—Perfect! He proved himself to be a good engineer ______ hard work and is well worth ______ from.A. about; studying B. from; studyingC. through; learning D. by; learning_​______, the boy met his teacher and began to talk with each other.A. On his way to home B. On his way homeC. By the way to school D. In his way to school