2023年中考语法一点通 语法专题15 定语从句【考点精讲精练】

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中考英语总复习方法指导为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。中考总复习一般分为三轮：1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过一轮复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法。2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。 语法专题十五、定语从句概念理解定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，又称形容词性从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句在先行词后面，但二者并不一定紧挨着。关系词（引导词）：连接先行词和从句的词叫引导词，也可叫关系词或连接词。连接词有that，who，which 等。   I   like    the  movie    that/which    is   funny.              先行词       引导词    I   like    the   singer   who   is   beautiful.               先行词    引导词 【特别注意】先行词和引导词是等量关系① 引导词（关系词）在定语从句中充当成分，代替先行词，意思就是先行词的意义。所以，在定语从句中不能重复其意。        正There are many places that we can visit in China.        误There are many places that we can visit them in China.② 先行词在从句中做主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词单复数形式由先行词决定。This is the place that is famous for pandas.John reads books which are fun.如何把两个简单句合并成一个含定语从句的复合句        He is the thief. 他是那个小偷。        The thief stole my wallet. 那个小偷偷了我的钱包。（两个简单句）        He is the thief who/ that stole my wallet.他是那个偷了我钱包的小偷。（一个复合句）通过观察，我们可以总结出以下合并规律：（1）把两个简单句合在一起。He is the thief The thief stole my wallet. （2）合并同类项，去掉一个多余的。He is the thief stole my wallet. （3）根据先行词来选择引导词来代替这个多余项。He is the thief who/that stole my wallet. 引导词的选择（1）关系代词：who(人-主格), whom(人-宾客), whose(人-所有格), which(物), that(人/物)。（2）关系副词：where(地点), when(时间), why(原因)。初中阶段要求掌握关系代词。一般who 用于指代人的先行词，which 用来指代物的先行词，that既可指人又可指物。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语；关系副词在从句中作状语。4. 引导词只能用that的情况：（1）先行词本身是all , everything , something, nothing , anything等不定代词时；（2）先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the first, the same, the only,等作定语时；（3）先行词既有人又有物时。1. He is the first person ______ comes to school every day.  A. that     B. who     C. whom   D. which2. This is the most beautiful picture _____I have ever seen.  A. which   B. that      C. whom   D. whose3. He is the only person _______passed the exam in his class.  A. who    B. which    C. whom   D. that4. They talked about the people and things _____ they can remember.  A. that    B. where    C. who    D. which5. There is nothing in the world ________ can make him give up his dream.A. what B. that C. which D. who 5.引导词只能用which的情况（1）关系代词前有介词。This is the house in which we lived last year.（2）先行词本身是that。The clock is that which I bought yesterday.（3）非限制性定语从句。His English, which used to be very poor, is now excellent.The hotel in         we stayed last week is right on Bondi Beach.A. that B. which C. who D. whom 6.定语从句中引导词的省略不管定语从句修饰的先行词是人还是物，如果引导词在从句中作宾语，引导词可以省略。不过在正式文体中，引导词不省略。但是引导词在从句中作主语时就不能省略。—What are you doing?
—I'm reading the novel ______ you lent me yesterday.A. what B. who C. when D. / 7.定语从句的时态问题定语从句的时态一般不受主句的影响，根据从句所在具体的语境和意义而定。例如：        The headmaster who made a speech yesterday is from Peking University.昨天做演讲的校长来自北京大学。（主句一般现在时，从句一般过去时）        The headmaster who is making a speech now is from Peking University.现在正在演讲的校长来自北京大学。(主句一般现在时，从句现在进行时)        The headmaster who will make a speech tomorrow is from Peking University.明天要来演讲的校长来自北京大学。（主句一般现在时，从句一般将来时） 8.定语从句的主谓一致问题一般来说，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。所以一定要找准先行词，先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的形式。注意：先行词和引导词并不总是紧挨着，关系代词前面的词不一定是先行词。Dad cares much about the poor in the villages ______ in need of food and education.A. which is B. who is C. which are D. who are 【特殊情况】① 先行词是one of+可数名词复数时，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。（此时真正的先行词是of后面的可数名词复数）        She is one of the girls who love dancing. 她是热爱舞蹈的女孩其中之一。② 先行词是the only one of +可数名词复数时，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。（此时真正的先行词是the only one，是单数）        He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the drums.他是男孩子里唯一一个喜欢敲鼓的。③ one of which 在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。（主语是one）        There are many kinds of energy, one of which is oil. 有许多种能源，其中之一是石油。He is one of the boys who ________to Beijing before.A. has been B. has gone C. have been D. have gone        中考语法—定语从句专项练习（共计50小题，每小题2分，总分100分）1. The shop_____sells flowers is at the end of the street．　A. who    B. where    C. which     D.what2. Abing's Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music ______ has become one of China's national treasures.A. who   B. which   C. whose    D. how3. —A Spring Morning is my favorite poem _______ has beautiful words.—I'm fond of it, too.A. who     B. which      C. whom     D. where4. Peppa Pig（《小猪佩奇》） is a British cartoon________has been popular in China and is much loved by little children and their parents． A. who     B. which    C. /       D. where5. Happy Camp is an entertainment program ______ is very hot among the young people.A. who      B. /     C. which      D. where6. A blog(博客)is considered as an invention ________ can express your own ideas and feelings freely. It’s the room to communicate with other people online.A. that      B. who       C. where      D. how7. —Do you know the boy ______ is talking to Mr. Zhang?—Yes. He is our monitor.A. which B. who C. whose D. whom8. I prefer movies ______ me something to think about.A. which gives B. that gives C. that give D. who give9. The movie ______ we saw last night was fantastic.A. that B. what C. whose D. who10. —Which song do you like better, Lucy?—I prefer the song Little Apple ______ can attract many people.A. which B. who C. whom D. where11. "Underground" is the only word in the English language         begins and ends with the letters "und".A. what B. that C. who D. whom12. —What kind of movies do you like?—I like movies ______ scary monsters.A. which has B. that have C. what has D. why have13. —Do you know the man ______ T-shirt is blue?—Yes, I do. He is my Chinese teacher, Mr. Smith.A. who B. that C. whose D. which14. We don't like people ______ talk too much but never do anything.A. whose B. who C. when D. which15. Teenagers like reading the books ________ are written by Guo Jingming.A. who B. what C. whose D. that16. When some Chinese women were dancing to loud music in a park in New York, the people ______ lived nearby called the police.A. who B. whom C. whose D. which17. —Have you found the information about famous scientists ______ you can use for the report?—Not yet. I'll search some on the Internet.A. where B. which C. what D. who18. -I'm looking for the CD about EXO _____ I bought yesterday．A. that B. who C. whose D. when19. -Which is your new neighbour，Liu Hua？-The man _______ T-shirt is red． A. that B. who C. which D. whose20. The book is about a true story ________ happened in my hometown． A. which B. who C. whom D. whose21. The Palace Museum is the best place        I've ever visited． A. that B. whom C. where D. who22. He likes low-carbon life．He lives in the house ________ he built himself out of trash．A. where B. what C. which D. in which23. Sandy likes the actors ______ are popular among teenagers． A. who           B. which         C. whom           D. why24. The woman 　　　is the most important in my life is my mother.A. which B. who C. whom D. what25. I'll never forget the lesson ______ last year． A. that I learn B. that I learned C. what I learn D. what I learned26. When times become difficult，remember a moment in your life _______ was filled with joy and happiness． A. what B. when C. that D. where27. The photo ______ taken by my brother last week is very nice.A. which were B. that is C. that were D. which was28. —What kind of movies do you like?—I prefer movies ______ give me something to think about.A. which B. who C. what D. when29. Confucius was a famous philosopher（哲学家）______ has influenced the world greatly.A. whose B. whom C. which D. who30. —Is there anyone here__________ name is Betty? —Sorry, I don't know.A. who B. which C. whom D. whose31. —What do you usually do in your leisure time?—I enjoy reading in the library ________ I lose myself in a world of good books.A. which B. that C. where D. when32. I can't remember the place              I lived many years ago．A. that B. which C. where D. /33. Being blind is something _______most people can't imagine． A. 不填 B. what C. who D. which34. I will never forget the people ______ helped me a lot during my hard time.A. which B. who C. whose D. whom35. Chaka Salt Lake ______ is known as Mirror of the Sky interests more and more tourists.A. where      B. which    C. who     D. what36. I will remember the important people in my life ______ helped and supported me.A. who B. which C. what D. how37. I prefer music ______ has great lyrics.A. who B. whose C. that D. /38.—Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth？—Yes. It's the best one ______ I have ever seen.A. that B. which C. what D. it39. Would you please tell me about the plan ______ you made ______ you leave?A. who; after B. what; when C. which; while D. that; before40. —Do you know the man ______ spoke at the meeting just now?—No, I don't know.A. what B. who C. which D. whose41. Dr. Zhong Nanshan is a pioneer            has made a lot of contributions（贡献） in the field of medical science.A. which B. who C. whose D. what42. The policeman has caught the thief ______ stole Mr. Li's wallet.A. whose B. who C. whom D. which43. Everything ______ you learn becomes a part of you and changes you, so learn wisely and learn well.A. what B. when C. where D. that44. Is this the museum ______ you visited last year?A. who B. that C. whom D. in which45. —Do you know the boy ​​​​​​​______ got the first prize in the talent show?—Of course. He's my new neighbor.A. whose B. whom C. which D. who46. ——Hey, Anna. Would you like to see The White Storm with me?—You mean the new police story ______ was filmed by Chen Musheng.A. who B. what C. whose D. which47. My mother doesn't like stories ______ have sad endings.A. that B. who C. where D. those48.—Do you like the weekly talk show The Readers on CCTV?—Sure. It's a great TV program ______ can develop the habit of reading.A. who B. that C. what D. whose49. I'll never forget the place ______ we visited together last year.A. which B. what C. who D. whom50. On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech ______ President Xi Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.A. who B. whose C. which D. what