2022-2023年外研版英语七年级下册专项复习精讲精练：专题04 重点语法归纳及专练（原卷版+解析版）

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一、重点语法归纳（一）物主代词一、定义：物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，用来说明某物属于某人或与某人有关。二、 分类： 单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshis/her/ itsoursyourstheirs含义我的你的他的/她的/它的我们的你们的他（她，它）们的三、 用法（1）形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只能放在名词前作定语，后面一定要跟一个名词my book，your name，their hobbies ①放在被拥有的物体名词前，指明事物的归属者。►My book is on the desk. 我的书在桌子上。②放在被拥有的事物名词前，表示事物与某人有某种联系。►He is my younger brother. 他是我的弟弟。③用于描述说话人对自己所做的事情或某人对某人自己所做的事情。►She is brushing her teeth. 她正在刷牙。④放在表示动作的名词之前，指明动作的施行者。► not long after our arrival 在我们到达后不久 ⑤放在表示动作的名词之前，指明动作的承受者。► Jim and his supporters 吉姆和他的支持者们 ⑥用于头衔► Your Majesty（陛下）  ► Would Your Highness like a cup of tea? 阁下想要一杯茶吗？【注意】a. 形容词性物主代词的选择应根据事物的所有者的＂人称＂（第一、二、三人称）和＂数＂（单、复数）来确定。  b. 形容词性物主代词通常修饰有生命的事物，如 ＂the door＂或＂the door of the room＂比＂its door＂更常见。c. 表示某物属于某人或某物，或者与某人某物有关可以用名词所有格或＂of +介词短语＂表示。（2）名词性物主代词相当于名词，后面不能加名词，可单独使用，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。相当于＂形容词性物主代词+名词＂。①用于说明某事物与刚提及的事物类别相同，但属于其他人。Sarah’ s house is much bigger than ours. 萨拉的房子比我们的房子要大很多。②常用于＂of＂引出的介词短语，表示所谈及的是群体中的一员。a friend of mine 我的一个朋友（表示许多朋友中的一个） 当堂训练一一、单项选择1．—What are you ________?—I’m ______ my watch.A．doing; looking for B．looking for; finding C．doing; finding D．finding out; looking2．Maria is sitting ________ Jane and me.A．up B．both C．in front D．between3．—Are there ________ shops near here?—No, there are ________ shops near here.A．some; not B．some; any C．any; not D．any; no4．—________ sofas are there in the study?—Only one.A．How many B．How old C．How D．Whose5．My wallet is lost. I’m ________ it.A．looking for B．looking after C．look for D．look after6．There is a river between his school and home, so he takes a _________ to school every day.A．boat B．subway C．bus D．train7．—________ of the boys in our class is good at running. —Wow! So great!A．Some B．Any C．Many D．Much8．—Hurry up. Look at the timetable. The last bus ________ at 11:30 p.m. —Don’t worry. We still have l0 minutes ________.A．left；left B．left；leavesC．leaves；left D．will leave；leaves9．—What are you doing, Peter?—I’m ________ my wallet, but I can’t ________ it.A．finding; find B．finding; look forC．looking for; find D．looking for; look for10．Don’t _________ the birds. Listen to the teacher carefully.A．look out of B．look for C．look out D．look out at11．—Excuse me, may I use ________ pencil? ________ is at home.—Sure, here you are.A．your; Mine B．your; My C．yours; My D．yours; Mine12．—Miss Li teaches ________ English this term.—You are very lucky. ________ is a very good teacher.A．Our; She B．us; She C．us; Her D．ours; Hers13．—________ is that new bike over there, Mike?   —I think it’s ________.A．Whose; Sam’s B．Who; Sam’s C．Whose; Sam D．Who; Sam14．Does your brother often do ________ homework in the evening?A．hers B．his C．my D．him15．She likes purple, so I think this purple wallet is ________.A．yours B．mine C．his D．hers (二）情态动词can是情态动词，意为＂能；会＂，表示某人或某物具备的能力，还可用来提出请求，没有人称和数的变化，后面直接接动词原形。下面来看一下它的具体用法。1. 表示有能力做某事，意为＂能；会＂。►I can speak English.我会讲英语。►He can play basketball.他会打篮球。[来2. 表示许可，意为＂可以＂。►You can sit here.你可以坐在这儿。3. 情态动词can表示推测，意为＂可能＂，常用语否定句、疑问句中。►It can’t be a cat. It has a short tail. 它不可能是猫，它有一个短尾巴。下面一起来看一下can的句型变换：(1)变为否定句变为否定句时在情态动词can后加not，缩写为can’t。►She can’t play the piano. 她不会弹钢琴。(2)变为一般疑问句变为一般疑问句时直接将情态动词can提到句首。肯定回答为：Yes, 主语＋can.否定回答为：No, 主语＋can’t.►—Can you speak Japanese? 你会讲日语吗？—Yes, I can./No, I can’t.是的，我会。/不，我不会。[【注意】用Certainly.作肯定回答，语气更肯定；用Sorry.作否定回答，语气则更委婉、客气。►—Can you sing? 你会唱歌吗？—Certainly, I can.我当然会。—Sorry, I can’t.很抱歉，我不会。(3)变为特殊疑问句变为特殊疑问句时，其句型通常为＂疑问词＋can＋主语＋动词原形＋…？＂►What can you do? 你会做什么？含情态动词can的句子的句式变换否定句/一般疑问句及回答方式否定句主语＋can＋not＋动词原形＋其他. 一般疑问句 Can＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？肯定回答 Yes，主语＋can. 否定回答No，主语＋can’t. 含情态动词can的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋can＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？►What can you read? 你能读什么？提问名词(词组)、代词特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句－画线部分(要提问的部分)? 提问动词(词组)特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句－画线部分(要提问的部分)＋do？(即用do替代画线部分) 【注意】情态动词can没有数和人称的变化，其后总跟动词原形►She can do it well.她能做好它。情态动词can，可以表示能力，意为＂会，能＂。►I can swim and skate.我会游泳和滑冰。 当堂训练二二、将所给单词连成句子16．swim, you, can, dance, or________________________________________?17．join, you, story, club, telling, can, the ___________________________________________.18．make, you, can, friends, your, with, new, classmates___________________________________________.19．Chinese,  can, we,  you,  teach____________________________________.20．shop, in, you, buy, different, can, kinds, jeans, that, of (连词成句)__________________________________________.21．can    on    the    Danny    all    his    things    buy    list ?__________________________________22．would, really, dance, think, I, like, join, she, well, to, she, because, the Dance Club, can (连词成句) _________________________________________________.23．dance; can; she; well; really_________________________________________________.24．very, also, dance, they, well, can_________________________________________25．hallways, we, music, in, to, the, listen, can_______________________________________________ . （三）一般将来时be going to 的用法点拨一、be going to 的基本用法be going to 是一种固定结构，它后面要接动词原形，用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有时也可以表示推测将要或肯定会发生的动作，有“准备；打算”的意思。含有be going to 结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语。例如：We are going to see a movie this afternoon.今天下午我们打算去看电影。（安排）Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain.看那些乌云，快要下雨了。（推测）二、be going to 在肯定句中的形式be going to 结构中的助动词be很少用原形，它一般有三种形式，即：am , is , are 。当主语是 I 时用am ；当主语是第三人称单数时用is；当主语是其他人称时用are。例如：I am going to buy something tomorrow morning.明天早上我要去买些东西。She is going to see Mr. Wang this afternoon.她打算今天下午去看望王先生。三、be going to 在否定句和一般疑问句中的形式含be going to 的句子变否定句和一般疑问句的变法由于句子中有助动词be，因此be going to 的否定句和一般疑问句的构成很容易，即在be (am, is, are) 的后面加上not 就构成了否定句；把be (am, is, are) 放到句首，在句末加问号就构成了一般疑问句，其答语为：Yes, 主语+ am/is/are. / No, 主语+ isn't/aren't. / No, I'm not.不过 I am... 在改为一般疑问句时常常改为“Are you ....?”。例如：They are going to have a picnic this Sunday. (肯定句)They are not going to have a picnic this Sunday. (否定句)—Are they going to have a picnic this Sunday?—Yes, they are. (No, they aren't.) (一般疑问句及其回答)四、使用be going to 应注意的两点1．There be 句型的be going to 结构为：There is / are going to be... (注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改为have。) 常用来表示将有某事发生。例如：There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school.下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。2．come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，它们很少与be going to 结构连用。例如：Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孙小姐要来。  当堂训练三三、完成句子26．—你想怎么度过你的五一假期? —我期待野营, 我喜欢在户外。—_________ _________you _________to spend your May Day holiday?—I’m _________ _________ _________ _________. I like being outside.27．我计划一周游泳两次。I ________.28．未来的生活将是怎样的？What will life be like ________ ________ ________?29．我们盼望着在儿童节玩得开心。We’re ________ ________ ________ ________ ourselves on Children’s Day.30．我们更喜欢坐地铁去观光。We _________ _________ _________ _________ by underground. (四)一般将来时一、        基本结构will+动词原形二、        用法表示将来某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表达对将来的预测。三、时间状语in the future, “in+一段时间”，tomorrow, next week等常与一般将来时态连用。No one will do heavy work in the future.将来没有人做沉重的工作。We will be busy tomorrow.明天我们将很忙。四、各种句式结构肯定句：主语 + will + 动词原形+其他.We will play football next Sunday. 下个星期天我们将踢足球。否定句：主语 + will not +动词原形+其他.We won’t play football next Sunday. 下个星期天我们将不踢足球。一般疑问句：Will +主语+动词原形+其他?肯定回答：Yes, … will.否定回答：No, … will.—Will you play football next Sunday? 下个星期天你们将打篮球吗？—Yes, we will. 是的，我们将打篮球。—No, we won’t. 不，我们不打篮球。特殊疑问句：疑问词 + will +主语+动词原形+其他?What will you do next Sunday? 下个星期天你们将做什么？五、will与be going to的区别1.“will+动词原形”表示客观上将要发生的事情。They will visit a lot of interesting places.他们将参观许多有趣的地方。2. “be going to +动词原形”表示主观上打算要做的事情或眼下将要发生的事情。They are going to help us.他们打算帮助我们。六、there be句型的一般将来时态There will be +主语+其他.There is / are going to be +主语+其他.There will be an English party this evening. 今天晚上将有一个英语聚会。 当堂训练四四、根据句意填空31．The villagers hope that they can have a bridge. Can their dream _______ true?32．I hope the students’ dream of having a bridge can come ________.33．There is so much _____ on the road today that I am late for school.34．The short ruler is my brother’s, and the ________ one is mine.35．Tom’s books are ________ — on his bed, on the sofa, and under the chair.36．Each time we have dinner in that restaurant , we are well ________. The waiters are really friendly.37．—________ you ________ to the news from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday morning?—No, I was visiting a museum at that time. 38．My ruler is short but yours is ________.39．The man didn’t believe the boy’s words any _____.40．Go along the street and turn right at the ________ lights. （五）特殊疑问句疑问句大致可以分为四种，它们是一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。本模块的语法重点是特殊疑问句。1 特殊疑问词what 询问事物，什么how much 问价格或多少how many 问有多少what time 问时间what kind 问种类what color 问颜色why 问原因who 问人where 问地点when 问是时间how 问怎么样how old 问年龄how often 问频率how far 问距离how long 时间多长或物体多长2 特殊疑问句的语序  特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句3 特殊疑问句的答语  特殊疑问句不能用yes 或 no 来回答，而应根据它所询问的内容直接回答  Eg: -What time it is , please ?   - It’s 7:30.4 特殊疑问句的语调  一般情况下，特殊疑问词用升调，句子以降调结束。当堂训练五 五、划线部分提问41．The tomatoes are ten yuan a kilo. (划线部分提问)_______ the _______ of the tomatoes?42．There are two glasses of milk on the table. (对划线部分提问)________ ________ ________ ________ there on the table?43．We grow some flowers and trees around the yard. (对画线部分提问)_______ do you grow _______ flowers or trees?44．I want two boxes of lemons. (对划线部分提问)___________________________ of lemons do you want?45．My mother likes purple. (对画线部分提问)__________________________ your mother like?46．We are going to have a lot of delicious food at the party. (对划线部分提问)How ________ delicious food ________ we going to have at the party?47．The blue socks are about 18 yuan. (对划线部分提问)________ ________ are the blue socks?48．I’d like some orange juice to drink. (对划线部分提问)________ ________ you ________?49．The dress is only eighty yuan.(对划线部分提问)________ ________ is the dress?50．We need some milk and tea. (对划线部分提问)________ ________ you ________? （六）方位的表达方式1. 方位介词（短语）表达方位要用方位介词（短语），常用的方位介词（短语）如下：（1）on the left/right在左/右边 （2）opposite在……对面（3）next to紧挨着 （4）between...and...在……和……之间（5）in the middle/centre of在……的中间/中央（6）on the other side of在……的另一边其他常用的方位介词有：（1）at（2）in（3）on（4）under 反义词 over（5）behind（6）near其同义词为beside或close to （7）at the end of2. 问路与指路的表达方式问路与指路是一种重要的交际功能，常见的相关表达方式有：问路指路Can/Could you tell/show me the way to...?Go across this street. Take the No. 3 bus.Can/Could you tell me how to get to...?Go past the bank. Turn left into...Is there a... near here?Yes. It’s... along the street.Where’s the...?It’s opposite the...Which is the way to...?It’s... on the left.How can I get to...?Turn left at the third street.Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to...?Follow... 当堂训练六六、填写适当的句子补全对话根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。A: Excuse me, where’s the Linhu Park?B: Go along this street, then turn left at the second crossing.A: ____51____B: It’s about thirty minutes on foot.A: ____52____B: Yes, you can. There are many buses to take you there.A: ____53____B: The No. 18 bus.A: ____54____B: It’s on the other side of the street.A: Thank you very much.B: ____55____  七、补全对话6选5从文后选择恰当的选项补全对话。A: Excuse me, I’m new here. Is there a bookshop here?B: Yes, there is. ___56___ A: Could you tell me where it is?B: Sure. ___57___ Then walk until you see a police station. The bookshop is next to the police station.A: ___58___B: No, not very far, about 1.5 kilometers.A: ___59___B: You can take the BRT. The BRT stop is over there.A: Great! One more thing. What time does the bookshop close?B: I’m not sure. ___60___A: OK. Thanks so much for your help.A．Maybe at 8 p.m.B．Is it far from here?C．Where is the shop?D．How can I go there?E．The nearest one is Xinhua Bookshop.F．Go along the street and turn left at the third turning.