山东省济南市济阳区2021-2023年中考英语一模试题分类汇编：阅读理解

这是一份山东省济南市济阳区2021-2023年中考英语一模试题分类汇编：阅读理解，共22页。
山东省济南市济阳区2021-2023年中考英语一模试题分类汇编阅读理解2023年山东省济南市济阳区中考一模英语试题IV. 阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。（40分）15．（10分）A 9﹣year﹣old boy，who lives in Idaho now，has raised 2，000 dollars for IHS by selling lemonade. The little boy's name is Ben Miller. This week，Ben Miller walked into IHS with a big bag full of cash.     "Last weekend，we did a lemonade stand and we raised 1，150 dollars，"said Ben. "And I'm so proud of myself. "Ben started to sell lemonade two years ago.     When Ben did a lemonade stand at the first time，he raised 200 dollars. At the second time，he raised about 600 dollars. Each year the support for Ben's lemonade stand grows bigger and bigger. As more and more people knew him through social media，people would drive to his lemonade stand to buy one.     Ben is so happy to hand all the money he raises to IHS. "I want to donate money I made and give the animals supplies and food. So they can be happy. "Ben told KTVB. Ben's mom says he loves animals and always has a heart for animals.     "He just loves animals. In daily life，he would like to do many little things to protect animals. He loves dogs，but cats are his favorite. He is willing to spend every dollar of the money adopting every cat in our house if I allow him. "said Amy. "I'm so proud of him and his kindness，and he makes me so happy. "Amy added.  （1）How has Ben raised money for IHS？ 　   　A. By selling lemons. B. By walking. C. By selling lemonade. D. By driving. （2）How much did Ben raise at the first time？ 　   　A. 2，000 dollars. B. 200 dollars. C. 1，150 dollars. D. 600 dollars. （3）What animals does Ben like best？ 　   　A. Dogs. B. Tigers. C. Pandas. D. Cats（4）How does Amy feel about her son？ 　   　A. She takes pride in him. B. She is angry with him. C. She is worried about him. D. She is strict with him. （5）Where is the text most probably from？ 　   　A. A news report. B. A science magazine. C. A story book. D. A sports newspaper. 16．（10分）Antarctica    Weather    Antarctica lies in the most southern part of the world. It is the coldest area on Earth. There isn't much rain，but there is a lot of snow and wind. The lowest temperature was on 21 July in 1983 at﹣89. 2℃!    Population    Nobody lives in Antarctica all the time!The first people to stay there for a while were fishermen in 1786. Now there are about 5，000 scientists and researchers there in the summer.     History of exploration（探险）    During 1907﹣1909，British explorer Earnest Shackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911，two explorers﹣a British man named Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen raced 1，400 kilometers to the South Pole（南极）. Amundsen arrived first.     Animals and birds    There aren't any large animals in Antarctica. Polar bears live at the North Pole. But there are a lot of penguins and seabirds. Every spring there are over 100 million seabirds in Antarctica. （1）What does "Antarctica" mean in Chinese？ 　   　A. 北冰洋B. 南极洲C. 太平洋D. 南美洲（2）When did the lowest temperature appear in Antarctica？ 　   　A. In 1983. B. In 1907. C. In 1911. D. In 1786（3）How did Earnest Shackleton get to Antarctica？ 　   　A. He got there by plane. B. He drove there. C. He walked there. D. He got there by ship. （4）Can Polar bears meet penguins in Antarctica according to the passage？ 　   　A. Yes，they can. B. No，they can't. C. Of course. D. We don't know. （5）Which of the following is true？ 　   　A. The first people to stay in Antarctica were policemen. B. Now there are over 5，000 scientists and researchers there in the summer. C. Amundsen won the race to Antarctica in 1911. D. There are some large animals in Antarctica. 17．（10分）With the help of a student project，older couples can celebrate the big day many years after they married，Xu Lin and Zhou Lihua report in Wuhan，2023.     After being married for 38 years，Zhang Jianjun and Qin Shumei decided it was time to get a picture. Dressed in formal clothes，they are finally ready for their wedding photos. The photographer，lighting operator and makeup artist are all young people. They communicate with the elderly couple to help them overcome nervousness to make sure of good photos.     They are all students from Wuhan University of Engineering Science，in Hubei province，and they are taking wedding photos for those who had no chance to do so when they were young，as a form of community service.     "I'm thankful that I've realized my dream to wear a wedding dress，"says Qin，64，from Shijiazhuang，Hebei province. "Our love is not the intense（强烈的）type，but we believe it's important to be with each other. "    While young people today like to travel to a famous place to have their wedding photos taken by a professional photographer，the older kept their big day simple ﹣﹣﹣new couples around the 1970s often only took a black﹣and﹣white photo to remember the big day.     It was not until the early 1990s that professional wedding photo studios appeared in the Chinese mainland. Based on that reality，Yu Jinwen，35，a professor from the university，started the meaningful project in 2015.     It is also because of his grandfather. When he passed away in 2010，the family searched for a suitable photo of him but could not find one and had to use the photo on his ID card as a photo for the funeral（葬礼）. It became Yu's greatest regret in life.     "The program has pleased the elderly and helped improve the ability of young students，" Yu says. "China is an aging society and juniors should pay more attention to seniors，many of whom are too shy to express their needs. " （1）When did Zhang Jianjun and Qin Shumei marry？ 　   　A. in 1982. B. in 1984. C. in 1983. D. in 1985. （2）Why did the young people communicate with the elderly couple before taking photos？ 　   　A. Because they wanted to help the old overcome nervousness. B. Because they can learn something from the old. C. Because they want to make more money. D. Because they would like to improve themselves. （3）Which of the following is true？ 　   　A. The students take wedding photos for all the old people. B. The wedding photo studios appeared in China before 1990. C. Yu Jinwen started the project because of his grandmother. D. The students taking wedding photos for the elderly are volunteers. （4）What do you think of Yu according to the passage？ 　   　A. Polite. B. Warm﹣hearted. C. Embarrassed. D. Nervous. （5）Which is the best title for the passage？ 　   　A. Wedding photos for the elderly. B. Love of the elderly. C. Love of young people. D. Students from Wuhan University. 18．（10分）What does it mean to be green？Green is more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment. Buying a green product is a small step everyone can take. Deciding whether a product is green，however，isn't always easy. We need to consider the whole life cycle of the product，even after it's of no use. Here is what we may keep in mind.     The materials of a product are usually our first focus. What is it made of？Are there any harmful chemicals in it？Green products are made of more natural materials which are free from harmful chemicals，so they can be good for our physical health.     Packing is important. How is a product packed？Is it over﹣packed？We'd better choose glass，metal and paper packing，as these can be reused or more easily recycled. We can also look for less packing or even choose unbagged products whenever possible.     Location matters. Where was a product produced？Where are we buying it？Think about how much energy was used to get it to us. Try to choose local products. When it comes to food，it is a good idea to order directly from local farmers，shop at markets and buy fruits in season. Buying from stores near our houses is also a good choice，because we can go there without driving a car.     Look into what the company tells us about their product. It's easy to say that a product is "green" or "all natural"，but the words may be too good to be true. So，much of the information about a product should be taken with a grain of salt. After all，companies try to make us believe that their products are environmentally responsible.     The greenest thing is certainly the one we don't buy. Things like food and clothing are necessary for life. But many others are not. Better than buying is choosing to leave an unnecessary product in the store and doing without. It sends a message to the producer，keeps money in our pockets，reduces waste and keeps the planet healthy.  （1）What do we know from Paragraph 1？ 　   　A. Green is just a kind of color. B. Green also means taking actions to protect the environment. C. Deciding if a product is green is easy. D. It is a big step to buy a green product. （2）What is talked about in Paragraph 2？ 　   　A. Why we first focus materials of a product. B. What green products are made of. C. How a product is packed. D. Where a product is produced. （3）We'd better choose this kind of packing except  　   　. A. glassB. metalC. paperD. plastic（4）According to the writer，we should choose a product that is  　   　. A. made of unnatural materialsB. produced abroadC. locally producedD. over packed（5）What is the best title for the passage？ 　   　A. Reducing Energy Use. B. Keeping Healthy. C. Recycling Waste. D. Buying Green.  2022年山东省济南市济阳区中考一模英语试题V. 阅读理解  阅读下列短文，从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。（40分）AFlorence Nightingale wanted to be a nurse. Friends laughed at her. “It’s a dirty job,” they said. “You’ll hate it.”Florence didn’t care what they said. She read books, and she went to visit hospitals. She became a nurse. But her friends were right about one thing. It was a dirty job.One day, she walked into a building to find soldiers on bare beds. Even if they were hurt, they didn’t have a pillow (枕头) or blanket (毯子). Mice ran around them. Bugs (小虫子) bit them. It was dirty everywhere.“I will help these men,” Florence said. She cleaned each room. She worked twenty hours a day to nurse the men back to health. At night, she held up a lantern to make sure each man’s room was clean. That is why they loved her. They called her “The Lady with a Lamp.”56. What did Florence’s friends say about being a nurse?A. People will love you.B. You will love this job.C. It is a dirty job.D. It is a man’s job.57. What does the writer mean by saying “soldiers on bare beds”?A. The beds were very dirty.B. The soldiers didn’t have a pillow or blanket on beds.C. Bugs bit everything on beds.D. The soldiers were so poor that they had nothing except a pillow or blanket.58. What did Florence do when she saw the soldiers?A. She ran away.B. She laughed at them.C. She cleaned their rooms.D. She read books to them.59. What can you say about Florence?A. She is kind and loving.B. She is lazy but clever.C. She is dirty and careless.D. She is quiet and shy.60. Florence is called “The Lady with a Lamp,” because ___________.A. She has a nice lamp.B She is a nurse.C. She has a dirty job.D. She holds up a lantern to check each man’s room.BIt was Julia’s 10th birthday. Her mom came to her school and joined the fun. The classmates said “Happy birthday!” to Julia. Then Julia’s mom handed out the birthday treats. She was very good at making sweet cupcakes and delicious cookies. But this year, the things Julia’s mom brought were not so tasty. She brought some pencils. Why? Because Julia’s school has made a new rule that the sweet treats are not allowed at school parties.Julia’s school is not the only school to ban the sweet treats. Some other schools around the country have done the same thing. Some American experts think that fewer sweets will be good for kids’ health. One third of American kids are overweight. Being overweight may lead to serious health problems.Of course, most kids don’t like this rule. They say, “What’s fun about a party if there are no cupcakes?” And many parents also dislike the rule. “I want my kids to be healthy,” says one of the parents.” But eating the birthday cake is an important tradition. It makes me sad that my kids will not be able to enjoy the birthday cake.”How did Julia’s mom feel about this rule? She was sad when she first learned of the rule. But Julia’s classmates liked the pencils very much. That made her feel better.61. Julia celebrated her birthday ________.A. at home B. in a park C. at school D. in a restaurant62. Julia’s mom didn’t bring a sweet treat this year because ________.A. she was too busy to cook it B. the sweet cupcakes were not popular any moreC. it would take her much time to make cupcakes D. the new school rule didn’t allow her to do so63. The underlined word “overweight” probably means “________” in Chinese.A. 超重的 B. 严肃的 C. 强壮的 D. 活泼的64. What does the underlined word “That” refer to?A. Julia liked what her mom did for her birthday.B. Julia’s mom didn’t need to go to school parties any more.C. Julia’s mom didn’t have to make cupcakes any more.D. Julia’s classmates liked the pencils her mom prepared for them.65. What can we learn from the passage?A. Julia was eleven years old after the party. B. Most kids like cupcakes at school parties.C. It’s better for kids to eat fewer sweets. D. Julia’s mom never made the sweet treats for Julia.CSmartphone, poor sightLook around and you’ll see people busy on their smart phones. Smart phones do make our lives easier. But have you ever thought about what they mean to your eyes?According to a study, half of British people own smart phones and they spend an average of two hours a day using them. There has been a 35% increase in the number of people in the UK who suffer from shortsightedness since smart phones were introduced there in 1997. Staring at smart phones for a long time gives you dry eyes. When looking at something in the distance, your eyes automatically blink a certain number of times. However, when you look at things closer to your face, the blinking slows down. This reduces the amount of tears and causes discomfort in your eyes. Another bad habit is using smart phones in dark rooms before going to sleep. If you look at a bright screen while your pupils become larger, too much light enters your eyes. This can do harm to the eyes and cause a disease called glaucoma. While you’re probably not going to stop using to your smart phone, there are a few things you can do to protect your eyes. Hold your phone at least 30 continues away from your eyes when using it. Take a break every hour and try the following: look at something at least five meters from you and then focus on the tip of your nose. Repeat this several times. It should reduce the discomfort in your eyes.66. The article is mainly about ________.A. the rules to obey when using smart phonesB. the harm that smart phones do to users’ eyesC. the reason why teenager get shortsightednessD. advantages and disadvantages of smart phones67. From Paragraph 2 we learn that _______.A. half of the British people began to use smart phones 17 years agoB. each of the British people spends two hours a day on smart phonesC. more British people have suffered from shortsightedness since 1997D. the number of British people who own smart phones increases by 35%68. According to Paragraph 3, using smart phones improperly may cause _______.A. too many blinks B. more tears in the eyesC. smaller pupils D. dry eyes and glaucoma69. Which of the following is suggested by the writer?A. Don’t use the phone for over an hour without a break.B. Hold the phone at learn half a meter away from the eyes.C. Turn off your phone for a couple of hours every day.D. Look at something green far away for several minutes.70. This article is written to advise people_______.A. not to buy smart phones B. to stop using smart phonesC. to make full use of smart phones D. to use smart phones properlyDYou don’ t have to be a scientist to solve big environmental problems. One Dutch designer is finding creative ways to make a change—and he’s inviting bikers to join him.Daan Roosgaarde, 38, is a designer from Holland. He uses creative ideas to improve city life. For his Smog (雾霾) Free Project, he designed a special tower that cleans air in Chinese parks. InHolland, he designed a shining bicycle path.Now Daan and his team are working with engineers at Chinese bike-sharing company  to create a new product for public use. It’s an air-cleaning machine connected to a bicycle and is part of the Smog Free Project. In smoggy weather, the machine would breathe in the air in front of the bike and blow out a stream of clean air toward the biker’s face.It’s no secret that air pollution is a big problem for China. In winter, it’s common for thick clouds of haze (霾), caused largely by factory production, burning of coal and car emissions (排放物), to cover areas of China.In 2016, only one-fourth of Chinese cities met the country’s air quality standards, according to a survey of 338 cities nationwide from the Ministry of Environmental Protection. “Of course one tower and a few bikes won’t solve China’s air pollution problem,” Daan said, “But smog-free bikes are an exciting idea that will hopefully inspire communities to create greener cities.”71. According to the writer,   _           .A. air pollution is not a big problem in ChinaB. creative ideas may help improve city lifeC. only scientists can solve big environmental problemsD. the survey of 338 cities nationwide was not necessary72. The air-cleaning machine offers clean air to the biker by           .A. blowing out dirty airB. running fast with the bikeC. cleaning the air around the bikerD. breathing in dirty air and cleaning it73. From the passage, we know that               .A. people who have creative ideas can get free bikesB. only smog-free bikes can go on the shining bicycle pathC. Daan and his family spent all their time improving China’s air qualityD. China’s haze in winter happens because of more than three causes74. Daan is inviting bikers to join him in order to          .A. raise money for the towerB. test his new machineC. help solve the air pollution problemD. make more Chinese friends75. What is the best title for the passage'?A. Breathing In and OutB Biking for Fresh AirC. Survey from the GovernmentD. China’s Air Pollution Problem 2021年山东省济南市济阳区中考一模英语试题八、阅读单选Last year, Tom left school. Then he came to Taipei to find a job. He went from one company(公司) to another, but no one wanted him. With little money left, he got to the station, sad and tired. All he wanted to do was to go back to his small town. It was very late at night but the station was still full of people. They were waiting to buy tickets for the last train. Tom got the last ticket, and he was very happy. At that time, a woman with a crying baby walked to him. She asked him to sell her the ticket. He gave her the ticket because he thought they needed it more than he did. After the train left, he sat on the bench(长凳) and didn’t know what to do or where to go. Suddenly, an old man came up to him and said, “Young man, I have seen what you did to the woman. I have a big company. I need a good young man like you. Would you like to work for me?”56．Tom came to the station to ________.A．find a job B．take the train homeC．sell the ticket D．take the train to Taipei57．The woman walked to Tom because ________A．she wanted to buy the train ticket from him. B．her child wanted to play with Tom.C．she was Tom’s old friend. D．she had no money to buy a ticket.58．Why didn’t Tom take the train?A．Because he gave his ticket to the woman B．Because it was too late when he got to the station.C．Because he wanted to talk to the old man. D．Because he didn’t buy a train ticket.59．The old man wanted to ________.A．lend Tom some money B．sit on the bench with TomC．say “Thank you” to Tom D．give Tom a job60．The story tells us ________.A．many people find jobs in the train stationB．not to buy the last ticket for the last trainC．if we do a good thing to others, a good thing will come to usD．not to give our tickets to others in a train station Suzy—I’m really good at selling things and communicating with others. I also love helping people. I hope to work for the sales department in a big company. I think I can be a good saleswoman or a manager.Daniel—I really like making things with my hands. I also enjoy searching for something better or different. I don’t enjoy working in the same place every day, and I hate being in noisy places. I think I’d like to be an artist or a computer engineer.Billy—I’m good at talking and I really like children. I also want to keep people healthy. I’m patient and I’m willing to work extra hours. I think I can make a good doctor or a teacher.Maria—I’m really interested in meeting people, and I enjoy wearing different clothes every day. I’m not so good at organizing time and computers. I am going to be a model or a social worker.Millie—I enjoy helping people, but I can’t stand working at nights or weekends, I think it’s the time for me to relax. I want to be an accountant or a shopkeeper.61．Suzy wants to be ________.A．a worker or a teacher B．a nurse or a doctorC．a saleswoman or a manager D．a model or a driver62．Daniel doesn’t enjoy working in ________.A．quiet places B．different places C．noisy places D．the office63．________ wants to be a teacher or a doctor.A．Suzy B．Billy C．Maria D．Millie64．Maria likes ________.A．meeting people B．wearing different clothesC．working at nights and weekends D．both A and B65．What do the underlined words “can’t stand” mean in Chinese?A．不能忍受 B．不能站立 C．不能坚持 D．不能代表 Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends”.The first kind of friend is simply acquaintances (熟人), and all you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friend at school, at work, or on the bus, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. When this kind of friend does something bad, you don’t tell them. That is why they are called “pest friends”.The second kind of friend could also be called “social partners”. They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories; you usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep(深), such as your wishes or fears(害怕), and they don’t open up to you how they really feel.The last kind of friend, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest. You’re like family, and know everything about each other. You have no problem staying at each other’s houses, and you share your deepest feelings and thoughts. They will correct you when you’re wrong, and though they may not be perfect(完美的), they at least will always care about you, and never do anything on purpose(故意地)to hurt you.We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value(重视) all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances.66．If you and David are neighbors and classmates, and do things together, but don’t share your feelings, you are “________”.A．pest friends B．guest friends C．best friends D．not friends67．The fourth paragraph mainly tells us ________.A．how to make a best friend B．how to learn from your best friendsC．what a “best friend” is D．what a best friend can do for you68．From the passage, we can learn that ________.A．pest friends are important than guest friendsB．we miss our best friends when we’re not with themC．a best friend hardly does something bad to youD．a “pest friend” will never become your best friend69．Which of the following shows the structure(结构) of the passage?A． B． C． D．70．What would be the best title for the passage?A．Friendship B．Love Your Friends C．Three Types of Friends D．My Friends Gyms(健身房)across China have been made to close so that they couldn't help spread the virus in 2020. A number of gyms have started classes online so their customers can keep healthy from home. Lauren Hogan, General Manager for F45 in Shanghai, told BBC that her gyms are offering lessons on WeChat."Every day my coaches have created a circuit-based training depending on our programming. ''Coaches have created lists of exercises and they are recording videos, but having fun with it, too." Ms. Hogan said there are groups in WeChat for customers to share the day's exercise they have completed. In fact, the videos have helped customers talk and know that there is a resource for them, and customers have been very happy and grateful. Ms. Hogan and her coaches have got personal thank you messages.A music festival called Strawberry Music Festival, which has been hosted in several Chinese cities, also has put on its own indoor music festival named "Hi, I am also at home,,. The festival was held for five days and many musical acts joined it. The shows were pre-recorded, however viewers were able to discuss the music together in the comments section as if they were watching a show together.Bookshops have also had to think of new ways of reaching customers, a double blow (双重打击)to an industry that is already competing against online shops. Chengdu Fang Suo Bookstore is located in a shopping centre in the city. One bookseller named Jin Jin said that it usually interests customers with its peaceful environment, however it has turned to Wechat to help bring in income (收入).Shop workers made their own book lists in WeChat groups. Customers could order the books from their online store.Elsewhere in China, 1200 Bookstore in Guangzhou, a 24-hour shop, has been selling gift cards, tote bag (托特包) and "blind gift packages" as a way to bring in income. But the store's owner warned its customers on social media that it might not be long before 1200 Bookstore would have to shut permanently (永久地).As a result, he has got lots of supportive messages from followers,71．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A．Gyms have not been closed because of virus.B．Online gyms made people keep fit outside.C．Gyms, like F45 are offering lessons online.D．Ms. Hogan is a manager for F45 in London.72．Which of the following is true about F45 according to Paragraph 2?A．Coaches have created a new running programming.B．Coaches asked customers to record exercise videos.C．Customers can't write or tell ideas in Wechat groups.D．Customers had a lot of fun and were thankful to F45.73．What does the underlined phrase "put on" most probably mean in Chinese?A．假装 B．举办 C．增加 D．打开74．What is the writer's purpose of writing the last two paragraphs?A．To tell people how to buy books in 1200 Bookstore.B．To encourage people to read more books in bookshops.C．To show the bookshop's new ways to reach customers.D．To introduce the importance of online bookshops.75．The passage is most probably taken from _________________.A．a news report B．a movie poster C．a history book D．a cook magazine 答案：2023年山东省济南市济阳区中考一模英语试题15.【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段A 9﹣year﹣old boy，who lives in Idaho now，has raised 2，000 dollars for IHS by selling lemonade. （现居爱达荷州的一名9岁男孩通过卖柠檬水为IHS筹集了2000美元。）可知本通过卖柠檬水为IHS筹集资金。故选C。（2）细节理解题。根据第三段When Ben did a lemonade stand at the first time，he raised 200 dollars. （当本第一次摆摊卖柠檬水时，他筹集了200美元。）可知本第一次摆摊卖柠檬水时，他筹集了200美元。故选B。（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段He loves dogs，but cats are his favorite. （他喜欢狗，但猫是他的最爱。）可知本最喜欢的动物是猫。故选D。（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段I'm so proud of him and his kindness，and he makes me so happy. "Amy added. （我为他和他的善良感到骄傲，他让我很开心。"艾米说。）可知艾米为儿子感到骄傲。故选A。（5）文章出处题。根据第三段As more and more people knew him through social media，people would drive to his lemonade stand to buy one. （随着越来越多的人通过社交媒体认识他，人们会开车去他的柠檬水摊买一杯。）可知这篇文章最有可能来自新闻报道。故选A。16． 【解答】（1）词义猜测题。根据第二段the most southern part of the world. （世界最南端。）可知，"Antarctica"指的是"南极洲"。故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据第二段The lowest temperature was on 21 July in 1983 at﹣89. 2℃!（1983年7月21日最低气温是﹣89. 2℃!）可知，南极洲最低温度是1983年出现的。故选A。（3）细节理解题。根据第六段During 1907﹣1909，British explorer Earnest Shackleton explored Antarctica on foot. （1907﹣1909年间，英国探险家欧内斯特•沙克尔顿徒步探索了南极洲。）可知英国探险家欧内斯特•沙克尔顿徒步探索了南极洲。故选C。（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段Polar bears live at the North Pole. But there are a lot of penguins and seabirds. （北极熊生活在北极。但那里有很多企鹅和海鸟。）可知北极熊不能在南极洲遇到企鹅。故选B。（5）细节判断题。根据第六段During 1907﹣1909，British explorer Earnest Shackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911，two explorers﹣a British man named Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen raced 1，400 kilometers to the South Pole. Amundsen arrived first. （1907﹣1909年间，英国探险家欧内斯特•沙克尔顿徒步探索南极洲。1911年，两位探险家——一位名叫斯科特的英国人和一位名叫阿蒙森的挪威人——跑了1400公里到达南极。阿蒙森最先到达。）可知阿蒙森在1911年赢得了前往南极洲的比赛。故选C。17. 【解答】（1）细节推理题。根据第二段After being married for 38 years，Zhang Jianjun and Qin Shumei decided it was time to get a picture. （结婚38年后，张建军和秦淑梅决定是时候拍张照片了。）可推断出张建军和秦淑梅在1985年结婚。故选D。（2）细节理解题。根据第二段They communicate with the elderly couple to help them overcome nervousness to make sure of good photos. （他们与老年夫妇沟通，以帮助他们克服紧张，以确保拍摄出好的照片。）可知年轻人在拍照前要和老夫妇沟通，因为他们想帮助老人克服紧张。故选A。（3）推理判断题。根据They are all students from Wuhan University of Engineering Science，in Hubei province，and they are taking wedding photos for those who had no chance to do so when they were young，as a form of community service. （他们都是湖北省武汉工程科技大学的学生，他们为那些年轻时没有机会拍摄婚纱照的人拍摄婚纱照，作为一种社区服务。）可推断出D选项"为老年人拍婚纱照的学生是志愿者"表述正确。故选D。（4）推理判断题。根据第六段It was not until the early 1990s that professional wedding photo studios appeared in the Chinese mainland. Based on that reality，Yu Jinwen，35，a professor from the university，started the meaningful project in 2015. （直到上世纪90年代初，专业的婚纱摄影工作室才出现在中国大陆。基于这一现实，该校35岁的教授于金文于2015年启动了这一有意义的项目。）可推断出于很热心。故选B。（5）最佳标题题。通读全文，根据第一段With the help of a student project，older couples can celebrate the big day many years after they married，Xu Lin and Zhou Lihua report in Wuhan，2023. （徐林和周丽华2023年在武汉报道，在一个学生项目的帮助下，年长的夫妇可以在结婚多年后庆祝这个大日子。）可知文章主要讲述了武汉工程科技大学的学生，为那些年轻时没有机会拍摄婚纱照的人拍摄婚纱照，作为一种社区服务。故最佳标题应为：老年人婚纱照。故选A。18. 【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段What does it mean to be green？Green is more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment. （绿色意味着什么？绿色不仅仅是一种颜色。这也意味着采取特殊措施来保护环境。）可知，绿色也意味着采取行动保护环境。故选B。（2）段落大意题。根据第二段Green products are made of more natural materials which are free from harmful chemicals，so they can be good for our physical health. （绿色产品是由更天然的材料，不含有害化学物质，所以它们可以对我们的身体健康有好处。）可知，第二段主要讲述了为什么我们首先会关注产品的材料。故选A。（3）细节判断题。根据第三段We'd better choose glass，metal and paper packing，as these can be reused or more easily recycled. （包装过度了吗？我们最好选择玻璃包装、金属包装和纸质包装，因为这些包装可以重复使用或更容易回收。）可知，我们最好选择玻璃包装、金属包装和纸质包装。故选D。（4）细节理解题。根据第四段Try to choose local products. （尽量选择当地产品。）可知，我们应该选择当地生产的产品。故选C。（5）标题归纳题。根据第一段Deciding whether a product is green，however，isn't always easy. We need to consider the whole life cycle of the product，even after it's of no use. Here is what we may keep in mind. （然而，决定一个产品是否绿色并不总是那么容易。我们需要考虑产品的整个生命周期，甚至在它毫无用处之后。以下是我们应该记住的。）以及通读全文可知，本文主要围绕购买绿色产品展开论述，并介绍了如何购买绿色产品的方法，所以本文的最佳标题是"绿色购物"。故选D。 2022年山东省济南市济阳区中考一模英语试题【答案】56. C    57. B    58. C    59. A    60. D【解析】本文向我们介绍了Florence Nightingale，她是一个善良又富有爱心的人，人们称她为“提灯女士”。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据“Friends laughed at her. ‘It’s a dirty job,’ they said.”可知，朋友们认为做护士是一份肮脏的工作。故选C。【57题详解】细节理解题。根据“One day, she walked into a building to find soldiers on bare beds. Even if they were hurt, they didn’t have a pillow (枕头) or blanket (毯子).”可知，士兵们躺在光秃秃的床上，即使他们受伤了，也没有枕头或毯子。故选B。【58题详解】细节理解题。根据“‘I will help these men,’ Florence said. She cleaned each room.”可知，Florence看到士兵后打扫了房间。故选C。【59题详解】推理判断题。根据文章描述可知，Florence是一个善良又富有爱心的人，故选A。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据“At night, she held up a lantern to make sure each man’s room was clean.”可知，晚上，她提着灯确保每个人的房间是干净的，所以人们叫她“提灯女士”。故选D。【答案】61. C    62. D    63. A    64. D    65. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是Julia十岁生日的时候，她的妈妈没有为她制作甜点带到学校去，而是给同学们带来了铅笔，因为学校新规规定校内派对不再允许带甜食，因为这对孩子们的健康是不利的。Julia的同学们都很喜欢铅笔，Julia也因此感到高兴。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Her mom came to her school and joined the fun.”可知她的妈妈到学校来帮她庆祝生日。故选C。【62题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Because Julia’s school has made a new rule that the sweet treats are not allowed at school parties.”可知Julia的妈妈今年没有带甜点到学校，因为学校有个新规定，在学校的派对上不允许带甜点。故选D。【63题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的“may lead to serious health problems”可知overweight会带来严重的健康问题。结合选项，选项A“超重的”符合题意。故选A。【64题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段倒数第二句“But Julia’s classmates liked the pencils very much.”可知她的同学们都很喜欢那些铅笔，可知That指代的是Julia的妈妈带来的铅笔。故选D。【65题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“Some American experts think that fewer sweets will be good for kids’ health.”可知一些美国专家认为少食甜食对孩子们的健康有好处，因此推断孩子们最好少吃甜食。故选C。【答案】66. B    67. C    68. D    69. A    70. D【解析】【分析】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述使用手机的危害，并建议我们使用手机不能超过一个小时。【66题详解】根据Smartphone, poor sight以及下文描述，指的是手机对我们眼睛的危害，故选B。【67题详解】根据There has been a 35% increase in the number of people in the UK who suffer from shortsightedness since smart phones were introduced there in 1997可知，越来越多的人受到了手机的危害，故选C。【68题详解】根据Staring at smart phones for long time gives you dry eyes以及This can do harm to the eyes and cause a disease called glaucoma可知不能正确使用手机，可能会引起眼干涩或青光眼，故选D。【69题详解】根据Take a break every hour and try the following可知，故选A。【70题详解】本文主要讲述使用手机的危害，并建议我们使用手机不能超过一个小时，根据句意，故选C。【答案】71. B    72. D    73. D    74. C    75. B【解析】【分析】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述一个荷兰的设计师设计了一款塔楼和带有空气净化器的自行车，能有效改善雾霾天城市的空气质量，以此想法来激发更多有关环保的创意。【71题详解】细节理解题。根据It’s no secret that air pollution is a big problem for China可知，空气污染是中国的大问题，排除A；根据You don’ t have to be a scientist to solve big environmental problems可知，你不必成为一个科学家来解决环境问题，排除C；根据In 2016, only one-fourth of Chinese cities met the country’s air quality standards, according to a survey of 338 cities nationwide from the Ministry of Environmental Protection可知，全国338个城市的调查是有必要的，排除D；根据He uses creative ideas to improve city life可知，创造性的主意可以改善城市生活，故选B。【72题详解】细节理解题。根据In smoggy weather, the machine would breathe in the air in front of the bike and blow out a stream of clean air toward the biker’s face可知，在烟雾弥漫的天气里，机器会吸入自行车前的空气，向骑车者的脸上吹出一股清新的空气，故选D。【73题详解】细节理解题。根据In winter, it’s common for thick clouds of haze (霾), caused largely by factory production, burning of coal and car emissions (排放物), to cover areas of China.可知，主要由于工厂生产、烧煤以及汽车排放物造成的，不仅限于三个主要原因，故选D。【74题详解】细节理解题。根据You don’ t have to be a scientist to solve big environmental problems. One Dutch designer is finding creative ways to make a change—and he’s inviting bikers to join him可知，你不必成为一名科学家来解决重大的环境问题。一位荷兰设计师正在寻找一种创造性的方式来改变现状，他邀请自行车爱好者加入他的行列。所以是为了帮助解决空气污染问题，故选C。【75题详解】主旨大意题。根据In smoggy weather, the machine would breathe in the air in front of the bike and blow out a stream of clean air toward the biker’s face以及全文可知，本文主要讲述丹麦设计师设计了一个清洁器，将它放在自行车上，就可以将污染的空气吸入机器，并释放出清洁的空气，故选B。 2021年山东省济南市济阳区中考一模英语试题56．B    57．A    58．A    59．D    60．C 【解析】这篇短文主要讲述了一个善有善报的故事，这篇短文中的主人公汤姆，因为热心帮助一位女人。从而让一个拥有一家大公司的老人看中，得到了一份工作。56．细节理解题。根据第一段“With little money left, he got to the station, sad and tired. All he wanted to do was to go back to his small town. ”，可知他来到火车站是想乘火车回家。故选B。57．细节理解题。根据第二段“At that time, a woman with a crying baby walked to him. She asked him to sell her the ticket.”，可知这个女人走向他，是想让他把票卖给她。故选A。58．细节理解题。根据第二段“ He gave her the ticket because he thought they needed it more than he did.”，可知汤姆没有乘上火车是因为他把火车票给了那个女人。故选A。59．细节理解题。根据第二段“I need a good young man like you. Would you like to work for me?”，可知这个老人想给这个年轻人一个工作。故选D。60．主旨大意题。阅读短文可知，这篇短文中的主人公汤姆，因为热心帮助一位女人。从而让一个拥有一家大公司的老人看中，得到了一份工作。告诉我们：如果我们对别人做一件好事，好事也会降临到我们身上。故选C。61．C    62．C    63．B    64．D    65．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了5个人的擅长之处、他们对工作的要求以及他们的期望职业。61．细节理解题。根据第一段“I think I can be a good saleswoman or a manager.”可知，Suzy想要成为一名好的女销售员或者是经理。故选C。62．细节理解题。根据第二段“......and I hate being in noisy places. ”可知，Daniel讨厌在吵闹的环境中，所以他不想要在这样的环境中工作。故先C。63．细节理解题。根据第三段“Billy......I think I can make a good doctor or a teacher.”可知，是Billy想要成为一名医生或者老师。故选B。64．细节理解题。根据第四段“Maria—I’m really interested in meeting people, and I enjoy wearing different clothes every day. ”可知，Maria对与人交往很感兴趣，还喜欢每天穿不同的衣服。故选D。65．词句猜测题。根据下文“.......I think it’s the time for me to relax. ”可知，Millie认为晚上或者周末应是放松的时间，由此可见他应“不能忍受”在这个时间段工作。故选A。66．B    67．C    68．B    69．B    70．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了三种不同的朋友的特点。66．细节理解题。根据文中“You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories; you usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep(深), such as your wishes or fears(害怕), and they don’t open up to you how they really feel.”可知，如果你和David 是邻居和同学，一起做事，但不分享你们的感受，你们就是“客人朋友”。故选B。67．主旨大意题。根据第四段首句“The last kind of friend, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest.”和整段内容可知，本段主要谈论什么是“最好的朋友。故选C。68．主旨大意题。通读第四段内容可知，当我们不和最好的朋友在一起的时候，我们会想念他们。故选B。69．篇章结构题。根据文章①第一段“There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends.”首先引出主题：不同的三种朋友；②第二、三和四段分别对三种朋友的特点进行了论述；③最后一段进行总结可知，本文属于总分总结构。故选B。70．最佳标题。短文主要介绍了三种不同的朋友的特点。故文章最佳标题应是：三种类型的朋友。故选C。71．C    72．D    73．B    74．C    75．A 【分析】这篇短文主要描述了疫情期间人们进行的一些活动，比如居家健身，在客厅“云泡吧”，书店改网购等。71．段落大意。通读整个第一段及根据文中“A number of gyms have started classes online so their customers can keep healthy from home.”许多健身房已经开始在网上上课，这样他们的顾客就可以在家里保持健康。可知选项C“Gyms, like F45 are offering lessons online.”是正确的，像F45这样的健身房正在提供在线课程。故选C。72．推理判断。根据文中“Every day my coaches have created a circuit-based training depending on our programming. ” 我的教练每天都会根据我们的编程创建一个循环训练。可知选项A“Coaches have created a new running programming.”说法是错误的。根据文中“Coaches have created lists of exercises and they are recording videos” 教练们已经列出了练习的清单，他们正在录制视频。可知选项B“Coaches asked customers to record exercise videos.”说法不正确的；根据文中“Ms. Hogan said there are groups in WeChat for customers to share the day's exercise they have completed.” 微信上有一些群组，让顾客分享他们完成的一天的训练。选项C“Customers can't write or tell ideas in Wechat groups.”说法错误。根据文中“In fact, the videos have helped customers talk and know that there is a resource for them, and customers have been very happy and grateful. Ms. Hogan and her coaches have got personal thank you messages. ”  事实上，这些视频帮助顾客交流，让他们知道有资源可以利用，顾客们非常高兴和感激。霍根女士和她的教练都收到了个人的感谢信。可知选项D “Customers had a lot of fun and were thankful to F45.”说法正确。故选D。73．词句猜测。根据上文“A music festival called Strawberry Music Festival, ” 一个名为草莓音乐节的音乐节已经在中国多个城市举办。及下文“its own indoor music festival named "Hi, I am also at home,,. The festival was held for five days and many musical acts joined it.”可知，这里是它也举办了自己的室内音乐节。可知这里的put on是举办的意思。故选B。74．段落大意。根据文中“Bookshops have also had to think of new ways of reaching customers” 书店也不得不想出新的方法来吸引顾客及“One bookseller named Jin Jin said that it usually interests customers with its peaceful environment, however it has turned to Wechat to help bring in income (收入).Shop workers made their own book lists in WeChat groups. Customers could order the books from their online store. ” 一位名叫金进的书商说，它通常以其宁静的环境吸引顾客，但它已经开始借助微信（Wechat）来增加收入。商店的工作人员在群中列出了自己的书单。顾客可以从网上商店订购这些书。及最后一段“Elsewhere in China, 1200 Bookstore in Guangzhou, a 24-hour shop, has been selling gift cards, tote bag (托特包) and "blind gift packages" as a way to bring in income.” 在中国其他地方，广州1200家书店是一家24小时营业的商店，一直在销售礼品卡、手提袋和“盲目礼包”，以此赚取收入。可知，最后两段不要是讲述了展示书店接触顾客的新方法。故选C。75．推理判断。a news report新闻报道； a movie poster电影海报； a history book 历史书；a cook magazine厨师杂志。主要描述了疫情期间人们进行的一些活动，比如居家健身，在客厅“云泡吧”，书店改网购等。可知，这篇短文是一篇新闻报道。故选A。