高中英语高考复习中国传统文化语法填空练习（共12类，附参考答案和相关知识）

这是一份高中英语高考复习中国传统文化语法填空练习（共12类，附参考答案和相关知识），共12页。试卷主要包含了火药，指南针的演变，书法，郑和下西洋，后裔射日，盘古开天，女娲补天，敦煌莫高窟等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、火药
Experimenting with life-lengthening elixirs arund A.D. 850, Chinese alchemists instead discvered gunpwder. Their explsive 1._________(invent) wuld becme the basis fr almst every weapn used in war frm that pint n, frm fiery arrws 2._________ rifles, cannns and grenades. Gunpwder made warfare all ver the wrld very different, 3._________(affect) the way battles were fught and brders were drawn thrughut the Middle Ages.
Gunpwder smehw remained a mnply f the Chinese until the 13th century, 4._________ the science was passed alng the ancient silk trade rute t Eurpe, where it became 5.________ deciding factr in many Middle Age skirmishes.
By 1350, rudimentary gunpwder cannns were cmmnplace in the English and French militaries, 6._________ used the technlgy against each ther during the Hundred Years' War. The Ottman Turks als 7._________(emply) gunpwder cannns with abandn during their successful siege f Cnstantinple in 1453. The 8._________(pwer) new weapn essentially rendered the traditinal walled frtificatin f Eurpe, impregnable fr centuries, weak and defenseless.
During the Age f Explratin, Eurpeans used 9._________(gun) and cannns t expand their vast trade netwrks and pwerful empires. Gunpwder wuld be taken all acrss the glbe as Eurpeans used this pwerful advantage 10._________(cnquer) and enslave many in places like The Americas and Africa.
二、指南针的演变
The advent f the cmpass was a great 1._________(cntribute)f the Chinese peple t wrld civilisatin. The cmpass is a simple instrument 2.________(cnsist) f a magnetic needle that can be turned 3._________(flexible) and a cmpass with a scale t indicate the directin f the earth's magnetic field.
The earliest instruments that culd indicate directin were called Sinan, 4._________ appeared arund the Warring States perid, when natural magnets were plished int the shape f 5._________ spn and placed n a graduated square engraved plate t give a general indicatin f directin.
Later n, it was discvered that by rubbing a magnet against an bject such as a steel needle in ne directin several 6._________(time), the needle culd als be magnetised, s that it culd pint mre accurately than the Sinan, and thus the cmpass 7._________(invented). In the Sng dynasty, an instrument was als invented t indicate directin, 8._________(call) the cmpass fish, which flated n water.
9._________ the Suthern Sng Dynasty, peple assembled the magnetic needle and the dial int a single unit, named the needle dial, als called the meridian dial, cmpass and s n. Our cmpass spread t Eurpe and the Arabian regin arund the 10._________(twelve) century, greatly cntributing t the develpment f wrld navigatin and human sciety.
三、书法
Calligraphy, literally “beautiful writing,” has been appreciated 1.________ an art frm in many different cultures thrughut the wrld, but the stature f calligraphy in Chinese culture is unmatched. In China, frm a very early perid, calligraphy was cnsidered nt just a frm f decrative art; rather, it 2._________(view) as the supreme visual art frm, was mre valued 3.________ painting and sculpture, and ranked alngside petry as 4.________ means f self-expressin and cultivatin.
Hw ne wrte, 5._______ fact, was as imprtant as what ne wrte. T understand hw calligraphy came t ccupy such a prminent psitin, it is necessary 6.________(cnsider) a variety f factrs, such as the materials used in calligraphy and the nature f the Chinese written script as well as the esteem in which writing and literacy are held in traditinal China.
One f the 7._________(early) recrded instances cncerns the first-century emperr Ming f the Han, wh, upn hearing that his cusin was n his deathbed, dispatched a messenger t btain a piece f his writing 8.________ he passed away. By s ding, Emperr Ming was hping t be able t “cmmune” with his relative, even after death, thrugh the traces f his 9.________(persnal) embdied by 10.________(he) calligraphy.
四、郑和下西洋
The Chinese admiral Zheng He must 1._________(make) quite the impressin when the 300 ships under his cmmand arrived at a new destinatin. The biggest vessels, knwn as “treasure ships,” were by sme estimates 2._________(lng) than a sccer field. Their rigging was festned with yellw flags, sails dyed red with henna, hulls painted with huge, elabrate birds. Accmpanying them were an array f supprt bats, 3.________(include) ceanging stables fr hrses, aqueus farms fr grwing bean spruts t keep scurvy away, and water taxis fr lcal transprtatin. The 15th century 4._________(citizen) wh received him in what are nw Indnesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, India, Kenya, and Yemen had never seen anything like it.
They came 5.________(bear) luxuries, frm tls (axes, cpper basins, prcelain) t clth (fans, umbrellas, velvet) t fd (lychees, raisins, salted meats). 6.________ return, they received tribute gds t carry back t China, including spices and precius stnes and—n a few ntable ccasins—striches, elephants, and giraffes.
Almst 7.________ century befre Vasc da Gama and Christpher Clumbus made vyages that kicked ff the era f Eurpean clnialism, Zheng spent three decades plying the waters between China and the East Cast f Africa, 8._________(set) up diplmatic relatinships that wuld reshape Asian life. His seven expeditins challenged 9._________ humans culd d at sea, pushing the limits with their bats’ size, 10._________(cmplex), and capacity fr lng-distance travel.
五、后裔射日
Angrily, Hu Yi grabbed ne magic arrw ut f his quiver and aimed carefully. The arrw flew straight int the heart f the mst bastful sun. Quickly, that sun 1._________(drp) dwn frm the sky, burning up in a ball f fire. When he hit the grund, the sun turned int a huge black crw with a three-ft wingspan, and then he died. The earth immediately felt 2.________(cl). Then the Grand Archer stalked the 3._________ (remain) suns.
Having witnessed Hu Yi’s pwers, the ther suns became 4.________(frighten), and they scattered acrss the cuntry. Hwever, ne by ne, the Grand Archer tracked them dwn. Each time he killed ne f the suns, the earth cled 5._________(far).
He sht the secnd sun and billwing cluds reappeared in the sky. He sht the third sun and mist curled arund the high muntains. He sht the furth sun and dewdrps frmed like pearls n every leaf. He sht the 6.________(five) sun and springs bubbled ut f the rcky hills.
He sht the sixth sun and rivers rippled with leaping carp. He sht the seventh sun and 7._________(branch) spruted lush green fliage. He sht the eighth sun and buds blssmed n the trees. He sht the ninth sun and rice grass pushed up tender new shts. Then Hu Yi vwed t find 8.________ very last sun and bring him t justice.
By nw, the land had cled s dramatically 9.________ it was cmfrtable fr the peasants. They wanted Hu Yi t quit, but n ne dared apprach him. 10._________, befre the Grand Archer culd spend his last arrw, a brave by sneaked up behind him and stle the tenth shaft.
六、盘古开天
Pangu is an ancient Chinese deity cnsidered t be the first living being and 1.________(create) f the wrld. Emerging frm an egg 2.________ (cntain) the entire csms, his birth released the universe.
Pangu is cmprised 3.________ the Chinese characters pán (盘), meaning t “cil” and gǔ (古), meaning “ancient.” 4._________ he was inside the egg cntaining the entirety f the universe, Pangu slept in a curled up psitin due t space limitatins. Pangu’s name, therefre, dentes bth his ancientness 5._________ the unusual circumstances f his birth.
Pangu is an imprtant figure t 6.________ number f minrity ethnic grups in China, and each has their wn ral versin f his creatin myth. Mdern versins f the myth can 7.________(trace) back t Xu Zheng, an ancient Chinese authr and gvernment fficial 8._________ lived during the Three Kingdms perid, wh was the first persn 9.________(recrd) it in writing. In all versins f the myth, Pangu and the universe are described as emerging frm an egg; there are discrepancies, hwever, as t hw Pangu manages t free 10.________(he) and hw the universe is frmed.
七、女娲补天
Nüwa is smetimes referred t respectfully as wā huáng which translates literally as "Empress Huang". Nüwa’s mther is the gddess Huaxu 1._________ became suddenly pregnant when she was wandering the universe and stepped in a ftprint 2.________(leave) by the gd f thunder, Leigng. Fuxi is seen 3._________ the inventr f hunting, cking, and the Chinese writing system.
One versin f the stry says that after she was dne, she was s tired 4._________ she lay dwn t rest and died frm exhaustin. 5._________ versin says that while she was wrking, she discvered there wasn’t enugh stne t fix the sky, s she sacrificed 6._________(she) t use her bdy t fill the last bits. Either way, rder was restred t earth and humanity was able t live 7.________ (peace) nce again. Althugh she did her best, Nüwa culdn’t get the sky and earth t align exactly the way it had befre. The earth became permanently tilted and that’s 8.________ it’s said that all f the rivers in China run in a Sutheastern directin.
Nüwa is an imprtant figure in ppular culture. Thugh many temples dedicated t Nüwa and her brther Fuxi can 9.________(find) thrughut the Chinese-speaking wrld, her mst imprtant temple is lcated in Hebei Prvince and is seen as the ancestral shrine f all humans.
March 18th f the lunar calendar is the birthday f Nv Wa, s every year frm March 1st 10.________ 18th f the lunar calendar; peple frm Shanxi, Hebei, Shandng and Henan Prvinces cme t She Cunty n a pilgrimage t Nv Wa.
八、敦煌莫高窟
1._________(carve) int the cliffs abve the Dachuan River, the Mga Caves suth-east f the Dunhuang asis, Gansu Prvince, cmprise the 2._________(large), mst richly endwed, and lngest used treasure huse f Buddhist art in the wrld. It first 3._________(cnstruct) in 366AD and represents the great 4.__________(achieve) f Buddhist art frm the 4th t the 14th century.
The grup f caves at Mga represents 5._________ unique artistic achievement bth by the rganizatin f space int 492 caves built n five levels and by the prductin f mre than 2,000 painted sculptures, and 6.__________(apprximate) 45,000 square meters f murals, amng 7._________ are many masterpieces f Chinese art.
Fr 1,000 years, frm the perid f the Nrthern Wei Dynasty (386-534) 8._________ the Yuan Dynasty (1276-1386), the caves f Mga played a decisive rle 9._________ artistic exchanges between China, Central Asia and India. The paintings at Mga bear 10__________(exceptin) witness t the civilizatins f ancient China during the Sui, Tang and Sng dynasties.
九、飞天
Flying Asparas, the symbl f Dunhuang art, are scattered in all the 500 1._________(grtt) f Dunhuang area. They are an embdiment f Gandharva, the Gd in charge f hly sngs and dances, and Kimnara, the Gd in charge f 2._________(entertain).
They, husband and wife, were 3.__________ (riginal) Gd f entertainment and Gd f sngs and dances in Indian mythlgy and were 4._________(late) cnverted t the Demi-Gds and Semi-Devils by Buddha. Resting in flwer pedals 5._________ flying in the heavenly paradise, Gandharva was respnsible t spread scent in the Buddhist wrld, present flwers t Buddhas, and ffer treasure; while Kimnara was respnsible 6._______ music and dance in the Buddhist wrld. He was nt permitted 7.________(fly) in the heaven.
Later n Gandharva and Kimnara 7._________(mix) tgether, withut distinguishable gender and duty. They became ne integral part as Flying Asparas. _________ present, the ne playing music in early stage is called Paradise Musician; the _________ ne playing music instrument singing and dancing is called Flying Asparas Musician.
十、兰亭集序
The Lanting Xu (Preface f the Orchid Pavilin) r Lanting ji Xu is a famus wrk f calligraphy by Wang Xizhi (301 CE t 363 CE), 1._________ (cmpse) in the 353 CE. Written in elegant semi-cursive script and underpinned by deep philsphical thinking, it is amng the best knwn and ften cpied pieces f calligraphy in Chinese histry and als 2.________ famus piece f Chinese literature. It is revered as the best running calligraphy. Wang Xizhi is respected 3.________ Shu Sheng, “Sage f Calligraphy” r “Super Master f Calligraphy”.
Lanting Xu 4._________ (cntain) 28 vertical lines and 324 characters. Accrding t legend, the 5._________ (rigin) cpy was passed dwn t successive generatins in the Wang family in secrecy until the mnk Zhi Yng , dying withut an heir, left it t the care f a disciple mnk, Bian Cai . Emperr Tai Zng f Tang Dynasty (599 CE t 649 CE) heard abut this masterpiece. He sent messengers n three ccasins t retrieve the text, 6.________ each time Bian Cai respnded that it had been lst.
Finally Tai Zng dispatched Xia Yi wh, disguised as a wandering schlar, 7.__________ (gradual) gained the cnfidence f Bian Cai and persuaded him 8.__________(shw) him the Preface f the Orchid Pavilin. Thereupn, Xia Yi seized the wrk, revealed his 9._________(identify), and tk it back t Tai Zng.
Tai Zng lved this masterpiece very much and rdered the tp calligraphers such as Yú Shì-nán ), Chǔ Suì-liáng, Féng Chéng-sù, and Ouyáng Xún t trace, cpy, and engrave int stne fr psterity. Tai Zng treasured the wrk s much 10.________ he had the riginal interred in his tmb, Zha lin , after his death. The authentic Lanting Xu has nt been seen since then.
十一、丝路花雨
The dance drama Flwer Rains Alng The Silk Rad is a mammth natinal dance drama created n the 1. (base) f the Silk Rad and Dunhuang murals.
The first rehearsal f the drama 2. (hld) in February 1979, and was perfrmed 28 times in Beijing n Octber 1, 1979 3. (celebrate) the 30th anniversary f the funding f the Peple's Republic f China.
The drama wn the "First Prize f Creatin" and the "First Prize f Perfrmance" awarded by the Ministry f Culture. In 1980, 193 turing perfrmances f the drama were put n the stage acrss the cuntry, 4. (cause) a sensatin bth at hme and abrad. The drama was praised as 5. milestne in Chinese dance drama and called Swan Lake f the east.
In 1982, it was perfrmed n the mst 6. (glry) theater in the wrld, La Scala Theater, becming the first Asian grup 7. (perfrm) in the wrld's tp theater.
In 1994, it received the "Glden Award" during the cmpetitin f Classic Dance Dramas f China in the 20th century. Since its debut, it 8. (perfrm) mre than 1,500 times, reaching an audience f mre than 3.1 millin. In Octber 2004, it was recgnized 9. the "best Chinese dance drama" by Shanghai China Recrds Headquarters. Over the years, Flwer Rains Alng The Silk Rad has been staged in ver 20 10. (cuntry) and regins and praised as the "the mdel f Chinese natinal dance drama".
十二、中秋节
The Mid­Autumn Festival is a harvest festival 1. (bserve) n the 15th day f the 8th mnth f the Chinese lunar calendar. It celebrates three fundamental cncepts which are clsely tied 2. ne anther: gathering, such as family and friends 3. (cme) tgether, r harvesting crps fr the festival; thanksgiving, t give thanks fr the harvest, r fr harmnius unins; praying 4. (sincere) fr beauty, lngevity, babies, marriage 5. (partner), r fr a gd future.
Traditins and myths surrunding the festival 6. (frm) arund these three cncepts, althugh traditins have changed ver time due t 7. (significance) changes in technlgy, science, ecnmy, culture, and religin. It's abut well­being tgether.
The festival was a time 8. peple enjyed the successful reaping (收获) f rice and wheat with fd fferings made in hnr f the mn. Tday, peple still mark 9. ccasin with similar activities. They have utdr reunins amng friends and relatives t eat mncakes and watch the mn, a symbl f harmny and 10. (unite)．
附：参考答案和相关知识
一、火药
【答案】
1.inventin 2.t 3.affecting 4.when 5.a 6.which 7.emplyed 8.pwerful 9.guns 10.t cnquer
【翻译】
公元850年左右，中国古代炼丹师在炼制长生不老的仙丹过程中发现了火药。从那时起，火药的发明成为战争中几乎所有武器的基础，从火箭到步枪、大炮和手榴弹。火药使世界各地的战争变得非常不同，影响了整个中世纪战争的方式和国家边界的划定。
之前一直是中国人掌握火药的技术，直到13世纪，火药才由于古丝绸之路贸易传到欧洲，成为许多中世纪冲突的决定性因素。
1350年之前，初级的火炮在英法两国军队中已是常规武器了，并在百年战争中使用。1453年，奥斯曼土耳其人成功围攻君士坦丁堡时，他们也大胆地使用了火药大炮。这种强大的新型武器使几个世纪以来坚不可摧的欧洲传统的城墙防御工事不堪一击，毫无防御能力。
在海外扩张的时代，欧洲人用枪和大炮来扩大他们庞大的贸易网络和强大的帝国。当欧洲人利用这一优势征服和奴役美洲和非洲的许多地方时，火药被带到全球各地。
【词汇解析】
elixir / ɪˈlɪksə(r) /n. 灵丹妙药；炼金药；长生不老药
brder / ˈbɔːdə(r) /n. 国境，边界
mnp
ly / məˈnɒpəli /n. 垄断，垄断权；垄断企业，专卖者
例：
Had he succeeded, he wuld have acquired a mnply.
如果他那时成功了，他就会获得垄断地位。
The cmpany has a virtual mnply in this area f trade.
这家公司实质上已经垄断了这种贸易。
trade rute / ˈtreɪd ruːt /商队的路线；贸易航路
rudimentary / ˌruːdɪˈmentri /adj. 基本的，初步的
例：
He had nly a rudimentary knwledge f French.
他只有最基本的法语知识。
Sme dinsaurs had nly rudimentary teeth.
有些恐龙只有未充分长成的牙齿。
cmmnplace / ˈkɒmənpleɪs /adj. 平凡的，不足为奇的；平庸的，陈腐的
render / ˈrendə(r) /v. 使成为，使处于某种状态；给予，提供
impregnable / ɪmˈpreɡnəb(ə)l /adj.（要塞）坚固的，无法攻取的
explratin / ˌekspləˈreɪʃ(ə)n /n. 勘探，勘察；研究，探究
cnquer / ˈkɒŋkə(r) /v. 占领，攻克，征服；击败，战胜
enslave / ɪnˈsleɪv /vt. 束缚；征服；使某人成为奴隶
二、指南针的演变
【答案】
1.cntributin 2.cnsisting 3.flexibly 4.which 5.a 6.times 7.was invented 8.called 9.In 10.twelfth
【翻译】
指南针的出现是中华民族对世界文明作出的巨大贡献。指南针是-种由能灵活转动的磁针和有刻度的罗盘组成的能指示方向的简单仪器，在地球磁场的作用下它能够指示方向。
最早的时候能够指示方向的仪器叫司南，大约出现在战国时期，人们将天然磁铁打磨成勺子的的形状，放在有刻度的方形刻盘上，就能大致指定方向。
再后来人们发现用磁石将钢针等物品延一个方向多次摩擦便可让钢针也拥有磁性，这样指向性也比司南更精确-些，由此指南针就发明了出来。在宋代还发明过一种同样用于指示方向的仪器叫指南鱼，漂浮于水上使用。
在南宋时，人们把磁针和刻度盘组装为一个整体，取名为针盘，也叫子午盘，罗盘等。我国的指南针大约十二世纪传到欧洲和阿拉伯地区，大大促进了世界航海事业和人类社会的发展。
【词汇解析】
assemble /əˈsembl/ v.集合;组装;装配;聚集;收集
cntributin/ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn /n.捐款;捐资;贡献;促成作用;一则，一条，稿件;捐赠
magnetic /mæɡˈnetɪk /adj.有磁性的;磁性的;磁的;像磁铁的;富有吸引力的;有魅力的
cmpass /ˈkʌmpəs /n.罗盘;罗经;指南针;罗盘仪;圆规;
三、书法
【答案】
1.as 2.was viewed 3.than 4.a 5.in
6.t cnsider 7.earliest 8.befre 9.persnality 10.his
【翻译】
书法，字面意思是“美丽的书写”，在世界各地的许多不同文化当中都被视为一种艺术形式，但书法在中国文化中的地位是无与伦比的。在中国，从很早的时期起，书法就不仅仅被视为一种艺术，更重要的是，它被视为最高的视觉艺术形式，比绘画和雕塑更有价值，与诗歌并列，它不仅是一种自我修养的展现，也同时可以表达出书写者的内心感受。
在古代，人们认为一个人怎么写字和他写什么内容一样重要。要理解书法为何占据如此重要的地位，有必要考虑多种因素，如书法所用的材料和字体，以及中国传统文化对文笔和读写能力的尊重。
有记载的最早的事例之一是公元1世纪的汉朝明帝。据记载，这位汉朝的皇帝听说他的堂兄病危，于是便派一位信使在堂兄去世前取了一篇他所写的书法作品。通过这样做，明皇帝希望能够通过书法所体现的个性痕迹，与他的亲戚“交流”，即使是在他死后。
【词汇解析】
calligraphy / kəˈlɪɡrəfi / n. 书法，书法艺术
appreciate / əˈpriːʃieɪt / v. 欣赏，鉴赏
unmatch v. 不匹配；不协调
supreme / suːˈpriːm; sjuːˈpriːm / adj.最高的，至高无上的
cultivatin / ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n / n. 开垦，耕作；栽培，种植；（品质或技巧的）培养
prminent / ˈprɒmɪnənt / adj.重要的，著名的；显眼的，突出的
deathbed / ˈdeθbed / n. 临终之时；（临终）病榻
cmmune / ˈkɒmjuːn; kəˈmjuːn / n.社群，群体
trace / treɪs / v.查出，发现，追踪；追溯，追究
四、郑和下西洋
【答案】
1.have made 2.lnger 3.including 4.citizens 5.bearing
6.In 7.a 8.setting 9.what 10.cmplexity
【翻译】
郑和指挥的300艘船每到一地，都会给当地人留下深刻印象。据估计，船队中最大的船只被称为“宝船”，比一个足球场还要大。船的索具上挂着黄色的旗子，帆被染成了红色，船体上画着巨大精致的鸟。伴随宝船的是一系列的保障船只，上面有马厩、种植着豆芽（以防止坏血病）的农场以及马船。15世纪时，印度尼西亚、马来西亚、越南、斯里兰卡、印度、肯尼亚和也门当地接待过他们的老百姓也从未见过如此宏大的场面。
郑和的船队带来了很多当时的奢侈品，从工具（斧头、铜盆、瓷器）到布料（扇子、雨伞、天鹅绒）再到食物（荔枝、葡萄干、腌肉）。作为回报，他们也收到了许多国家的贡品并带回了中国，包括香料和宝石，甚至还有鸵鸟、大象和长颈鹿。
早在瓦斯科•达•伽马和克里斯托弗•哥伦布开始欧洲殖民航行之前的近一个世纪，郑和就已经在中国和非洲东海岸之间的海域航行了30年，他所建立的外交关系影响了亚洲各国的生活。郑和七下西洋挑战了人类的海上能力，他所使用的船的尺寸、复杂性和长途海上旅行的的能力都达到了当时的极限。
【词汇解析】
admiral / ˈædmərəl / n. 海军将军，海军上将；舰队司令
vessel / ˈves(ə)l / n. 船，舰
treasure / ˈtreʒə(r) / n. 金银财宝，珠宝，财富
rigging / ˈrɪɡɪŋ / n. 索具，绳索
hull / hʌl / n. 船体
stable / ˈsteɪb(ə)l / n. 马厩
lychee / ˈlaɪtʃi /n. 荔枝
tribute / ˈtrɪbjuːt /n.（尤指旧时一国向他国交纳的）贡品，贡金
strich / ˈɒstrɪtʃ /n. 鸵鸟
waters / ˈwɔːtəz /n. 海域；近海
diplmatic / ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk / adj. 外交的，从事外交的
expeditin / ˌekspəˈdɪʃ(ə)n /n. 远征，考察；探险队，考察队
五、后裔射日
【答案】
1.drpped 2.cler 3.remaining 4.frightened 5.further
6.fifth 7.branches 8.the 9.that 10. Hwever
【翻译】
原文后羿怒气冲冲地从箭筒里抽出一支神箭，小心瞄准。箭直射中了最自负的一个太阳。很快，他从天空落下，燃烧成一个火球，撞到地面时，变成了一只巨大的黑色乌鸦，然后死掉了。这时大地立刻感到凉爽了一些。随后，后羿继续跟踪剩下的几个太阳。
这些太阳看到后羿的射术后，都很害怕，逃往各地。后羿一个接一个地找到了他们。他每射掉一个太阳，大地就会凉快一点。
他射掉第二个太阳，天空中又出现了厚厚的云层；他射掉了第三个太阳，薄雾笼罩着高山；他射掉第四个太阳，每片树叶上都结满了珍珠般的露珠；他射掉第五个太阳，泉水从山中喷涌而出。
他射掉第六个太阳，河水中出现了跳跃的鲤鱼；他射掉第七个太阳，树枝长出了茂密的绿叶；他射掉第八个太阳，花蕾在树上开花；他射掉第九个太阳，稻草长出了嫩芽。后羿发誓要找到最后一个太阳，将他绳之以法。
地面凉了下来，农民们感到很舒适。他们想让后羿停止，但没有人敢接近他。就在后羿准备射最后一支箭时，一个勇敢的男孩悄悄走近他，偷走了第十支箭。
【词汇解析】
archer / ˈɑːtʃə(r) / n.弓箭手
bastful / ˈbəʊstfl /adj.自吹自擂的，自夸的
stalk / stɔːk /v.偷偷接近，潜近；跟踪，盯梢
billw / ˈbɪləʊ /vi.翻腾
mist / mɪst /n.薄雾，水汽
dewdrp / ˈdjuːdrɒp /n.露珠；露滴
bubble / ˈbʌb(ə)l /v.冒泡，沸腾
ripple / ˈrɪp(ə)l / v.（使）如波浪般起伏
sprut / spraʊt / v.（植物）发芽，抽条
六、盘古开天
【答案】
1.creatr 2.cntaining 3.f 4.when 5.and 6.a 7.be traced 8.wh 9.t recrd 10.himself
【翻译】
盘古是中国古代的一个神，被认为是世界上最早的生物和创造者。他从包含整个宇宙的龙蛋中生出来，整个宇宙从此诞生。
盘古是由汉字的“盘”—盘成一圈和“古”-古老组成。当盘古在包含整个宇宙的龙蛋里的时候，由于空间的限制，他以蜷曲的姿势睡觉。因此，盘古之名，既表明了他的古老，也表明了他的特殊出身。
盘古是我国许多少数民族文化中的重要人物，每个民族都有自己口述的盘古神话。现代版本的神话可以追溯到徐正——一位生活在三国时期的中国古代作家和官员，他是第一个用文字记录盘古的人。在所有的神话版本中，盘古和宇宙都被描述为从蛋里出来的。但是，盘古是如何出来的，宇宙又是如何形成的，不同文化之间存在着差异。
【词汇解析】
deity / ˈdeɪəti; ˈdiːəti /n. 神
cil / kɔɪl /v.卷，盘绕
curl / kɜːl / v.（使）弯曲，卷曲；（使）盘绕，（使）弯弯曲曲移动
discrepancy / dɪˈskrepənsi / n.差异，不符
七、女娲补天
【答案】
1.wh 2.left 3.as 4.that 5.Anther
6.herself 7.peacefully 8.why
9.be fund 10.t
【翻译】
女娲也被尊称为娲皇。女娲的母亲是女神华胥，一天她去雷泽游玩忽然看见一个巨大的脚印，她用脚踩了一下，觉得肚子有些不适，于是就有了身孕，生下了女娲的哥哥伏羲，人们认为是伏羲发明了狩猎、烹饪和中国文字。
有一种说法是女娲补天之后，太累了，于是躺下休息，最后疲劳过度死去。另一种说法是，她在补天时发现没有足够的石头，于是牺牲了自己，用自己的身体去补天。无论哪种方式，地球恢复到原来的样子，人类能够再次和平地生活。虽然尽了最大努力，但是女娲还是无法让天和地像以前一样。地变得倾斜，这就是传说中为什么所有的河流都朝着东南方向流淌的原因。
女娲是现代文化中的一个重要人物，在当代被视为一个历史人物。人们能够找到很多供奉女娲和伏羲的寺庙，最重有影响的寺庙位于河北省，被视为人类的拜谒祖先的地方。
农历3月18日是女娲的生日，所以每年从农历3月1日到18日来自山西、河北、山东和河南的人们来到涉县朝拜女娲。
【词汇解析】
literally / ˈlɪtərəli / adv.按照字面意义地
exhaustin / ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən /n.筋疲力尽；耗尽，枯竭
align / əˈlaɪn / v.（使）排成一条直线，使平行
shrine / ʃraɪn /n. 圣地；神殿
八、敦煌莫高窟
【答案】
1.Carved 2.largest 3.was cnstructed 4.achievement 5.a 6.apprximately 7.which 8.t 9.in 10.exceptinal
【翻译】
莫高窟位于甘肃敦煌绿洲东南部的悬崖峭壁上，是世界上规模最大、资源最丰富、时间最久远的佛教艺术宝库。它始建于公元366年，代表了4世纪到14世纪佛教艺术的伟大成就。
莫高窟代表了独特的艺术成就，它由492洞窟构成，上下共分五层。彩塑2000多身，壁画4.5万多平方米，其中有许多是中国艺术的杰作。
从北魏到元朝，一千年来，莫高窟在中国、中亚和印度的艺术交流中发挥了决定性的作用。莫高窟的绘画是隋、唐、宋时期中国古代文明的杰出见证。
【词汇解析】
carve / kɑːv /v.雕，刻
endw / ɪnˈdaʊ /v. 捐赠，资助
artistic / ɑːˈtɪstɪk /adj. 艺术的，艺术家的；有艺术鉴赏力的，有艺术天赋的；有艺术性的，精美的
masterpiece / ˈmɑːstəpiːs /n. 代表作，杰作
decisive / dɪˈsaɪsɪv /adj. 果断的，决断的；决定性的，关键的；
九、飞天
【答案】
1.grttes 2.entertainment 3.riginally 4.later 5.and 6.fr 7.t fly 8.were mixed 9.At 10.ther
【翻译】
敦煌地区的500个洞窟中都能看到飞天，它是敦煌的象征。飞天所画的神是掌管歌舞的乾闼婆和掌管娱乐的紧那罗的化身。
夫妻二人原本是印度神话中的娱乐之神和歌舞之神，后来被佛改为为半神半魔。乾闼婆坐卧在花瓣中，在天空中飞翔，传送香味，向佛陀献花、献宝。而紧那罗负责音乐和舞蹈，他不被允许在空中飞行。
后来乾闼婆和紧那罗融为一体，没有性别和责任的区分。它们成为了飞天的一部分。早期演奏音乐的被称为天上乐师，另一个演奏乐器，唱歌跳舞的叫做飞天。
【词汇解析】
scatter / ˈskætə(r) /v. 撒，播撒；（使）散开，（使）散布在各处
embdiment / ɪmˈbɒdimənt /n. 体现，化身
cnvert / kənˈvɜːt /v. （使）转变，（使）转换；
leverage / ˈliːvərɪdʒ /n. 影响力，手段
acquisitin / ˌækwɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n /n. 获取
blckchain / blɒktˈʃeɪn / 区块链
psture / ˈpɒstʃə(r) /n. （坐或立的）姿势
十、兰亭集序
【答案】
1.cmpsed 2.a 3.as 4.cntains 5.riginal 6.but 7.gradually 8.t shw 9.identity 10.that
【翻译】
《兰亭集序》是著名书法家王羲之的杰作，创作于公元353年。它用优雅的半草书体写成，同时内涵深刻的哲学思想，是中国历史上最著名的、经常被临摹的书法作品之一，也是我国著名的文学作品。它被尊为是最好的行书书法(天下第一行書)。王羲之被称为书圣、超级书法大师。
最后太宗派萧翼伪装成一个流浪的读书人靠近辩才，逐渐得到了辩才的信任，并说服辩才给他看看《兰亭集序》。之后，萧翼抢过《兰亭集序》，透露了自己的身份，把《兰亭集序》献给了太宗。
太宗非常喜爱《兰亭集序》，命令顶级书法家虞世南、褚遂良、冯承素和欧阳荀去临摹《兰亭集序》，并把它刻在了石头上。太宗非常珍爱《兰亭集序》，把《兰亭集序》和他一起葬在昭陵。从此，《兰亭集序》的真迹再也没有人见过。
【词汇解析】
preface /ˈprefəs/n. （书的）前言；开端，序幕
semi-cursive行书
philsphical /ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪk(ə)l/ adj. 哲学的；达观的，处乱不惊的
revere /rɪˈvɪə(r)/ v. 尊敬，崇敬
dispatch /dɪˈspætʃ /v. 派遣；发送
disguise /dɪsˈɡaɪz /v. 假扮，伪装
authentic [ɔːˈθentɪk] adj. 原作的，真迹的
十一、丝路花雨
【答案】
1.basis 2.was held 3.t celebrte 4.causing 5.a 6.glrius 7.t perfrm 8.has been perfrmed 9.as 10.cuntries
【翻译】
舞剧《丝路花雨》是在丝绸之路和敦煌壁画的基础上创作的一部大型民族舞剧。
《丝路花雨》第一次排演于1979年2月。1979年10月1日，为庆祝新中国成立30周年，在北京演出了28场。
《丝路花雨》荣获文化部“创作一等奖”、“演出一等奖”。1980年，该剧在全国各地巡回演出193场，在国内外引起轰动。被誉为中国舞剧的里程碑，被称为东方的天鹅湖。
1982年，它在世界上最负盛名的剧院——斯卡拉剧院演出，成为第一个在世界顶级剧院演出的亚洲团体。
1994年获20世纪中国古典舞剧大赛“金奖”。自首演以来，已经演出了1500多场，观众超过310万。2004年10月，《丝路花雨》被评为“中国最佳舞剧”。多年来，《丝路花雨》已在20多个国家和地区上演，被誉为“中国民族舞剧的典范”。
【词汇解析】
mammth / ˈmæməθ /adj. 巨大的，庞大的
rehearsal / rɪˈhɜːsl /n. 排练，排演；
sensatin / senˈseɪʃ(ə)n /n. 轰动，引起轰动的人（或事）
milestne / ˈmaɪlstəʊn / n. 重要事件，转折点；里程碑，里程标
glrius / ˈɡlɔːriəs / adj. 光荣的，值得称道的；辉煌的，绚丽
十二、中秋节
【答案】及解析
1．解析：句意：中秋节是一个收获的节日，于中国农历的8月15日庆祝。分析句子
结构可知，“bserve”与“a harvest festival”之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故此处应用过去分词作后置定语。
【答案】：bserved
2．解析：be tied t “与……紧密相关”，是固定搭配，故填介词t。
【答案】：t
3．解析：比如，家人和朋友来到一起。“cme”与“family and friends”之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词。
【答案】：cming
4．解析：空处修饰非谓语动词praying，应用副词sincerely“真诚地”。
【答案】：sincerely
5．解析：partner此处意为“配偶，伴侣”，是可数名词，且空前无限定词修饰，故
应用其复数形式。
【答案】：partners
6．解析：与该节日相关的传统和神话故事是围绕着这三个概念形成的。本文的基本时态是一般现在时，此处亦用一般现在时；句子的主语为“Traditins and myths”，表示复数概念，谓语动词应用复数；frm与主语“Traditins and myths”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填are frmed。
【答案】：are frmed
7．解析：分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰changes，故应用形容词significant，表示“重大的”。
【答案】：significant
8．解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是“a time”，且空处在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
【答案】：when
9．解析：句意：现在人们仍然举行类似的活动来庆祝这一节日。此处的“ccasin”特指中秋节，故应用定冠词the。
【答案】：the
10．解析：根据空前的“f harmny and”可知，此处应填一个名词，与harmny一起作介词f的宾语。故填unity。
【答案】：unity