2022上海市华东政法大学附中高一下学期期中考试英语含解析

这是一份2022上海市华东政法大学附中高一下学期期中考试英语含解析，文件包含上海市华东政法大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中英语试卷含解析docx、上海市华东政法大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中英语试卷无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共28页， 欢迎下载使用。

华东政法大学附属中学
2021学年第二学期
期中线上测试高一英语学科
I. Listening Comprehension（19 分）
Section A（10 分）
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Brother and sister. B. Father and daughter.
C. Husband and wife. D. Mother and son.
2. A. A waiter. B. A manager. C. A salesman. D. A barber.
3. A. He enjoys eating it.
B. He cares little for it.
C. He prefers fried seafood.
D. He doesn’t want to taste it.
4. A. The goods there were on sale last weekend.
B. It's the woman’s favourite shopping mall.
C It sold out 50% of the goods last weekend.
D. It's the cheapest shopping mall nearby.
5. A. The woman isn’t satisfied with her clothes’ style.
B. The woman is most probably pregnant.
C. The woman doesn’t like the new family member.
D. The woman is trying her best to lose weight.
6. A. It is the only property she has.
B. Her father asked her not to sell it.
C. She inherited it from his father.
D. She has nowhere to live after selling it.
7. A. Call a repairman to come at once.
B. Check the sink in the kitchen first.
C. Clear up the kitchen right now.
D. Stop the water from running immediately.
8. A. She lost her purse.
B She forgot to bring cash.
C. She failed to attend the concert.
D. She was unable to get the student discount.
9. A. Finish checking her reference. B. Complete the research.
C. Put the material in order. D. Start typing the paper.
10. A. The woman enjoyed the movie very much.
B. The woman didn’t sleep well because of the movie.
C. The man asked the woman to be careful at night.
D. The man invited the woman to go to the theatre together.
Section B（9 分）
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passage and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. She wrote several books. B. She managed a farm.
C. She was a business woman. D. She worked as a nurse.
12. A. 101 years. B. 76 years. C. 25 years. D. 22 years.
13. A. Pictures in plain style. B. A successful art collector.
C. A great American artist. D. The secret of living longer.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. To concentrate for our quiet thought.
B. To give full attention to the driving.
C. To avoid being caught by the police.
D. To be as casual as possible in the driving.
15. A. In an elevator. B. At a special hall. C. In a bathroom. D. At a concert.
16. A. By listening comprehensively and analytically.
B. By taking a sonic bath thoroughly.
C. By attending classical concerts frequently.
D. By listening to an emotional piece of music.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary （24 分）
Section A（15 分）
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences are four choices marked A, B, and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Tom was a lazy boy. I often caught him _________ in class.
A. sleeping B. slept C. to sleep D. sleep
【1题答案】
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆是一个懒惰的男孩。我经常发现他上课睡觉。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是固定搭配catch sb doing sth“抓住某人在做某事”。故选A。
2. She had said little so far, responding only when_________.
A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. speaking to
【2题答案】
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和状语从句的省略。句意：到目前为止，她几乎没说什么，只是在与她交谈时才做出回应。结合句意表达“与某人谈话”用speak to sb.；此处为状语从句的省略，完整的句子为：when she was spoken to，当主从句主语一致，且从句有be时，可以省略从句的主语和be。故选B。
3. Having lost all her money, Mary had no choice but_________the police for help.
A. asking B. ask C. to ask D. asked
【3题答案】
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：由于所有的钱都丢了，玛丽别无选择，只能向警察求助。“have no choice but to do”是固定短语，意为“别无选择，只能做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to ask。故选C。
4. He made a long speech only_________his ignorance of the subject.
A. to show B. showing C. shown D. being shown
【4题答案】
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：他做了一个很长的演讲，只显示出他对这个问题的无知。句中谓语是made，空格处用非谓语动词，由only和“his ignorance of the subject”可知，他做了一个很长的演讲，只显示出他对这个问题的无知，这是出乎意料的结果，“only to do”表示出乎意料的结果，因此空格处用不定式to show。故选A。
5. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight DA8633_________off at 6:30.
A. has taken B. took C. will be taken D. takes
【5题答案】
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：看看时间表。快点！DA8633航班6:30就要起飞了。根据句中Hurry up!可知，飞机还没有起飞；再根据Flight DA8633和at 6:30可知，航班按照计划起飞，这种已经安排好，不轻易改变的事情，常用一般现在时表将来；Flight DA8633作主语，谓语用单数形式。故选D项。
6. —You were out when I dropped in at your house.
—Oh I_________for a friend from Beijing at the railway station.
A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited
【6题答案】
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——我去你家的时候你不在家。——哦，我当时正在火车站等一个北京的朋友。A. was waiting过去正在等；B. had waited过去已经等待；C. am waiting现在正在等；D. have waited已经等待。根据题干中“went以及dropped”可知，动作发生在过去，根据句意分析可知，“我去你家时”的那一时刻，正在等朋友，所以需使用过去进行时。故选A。
7. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that_________by loneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.
A. has been inspired B. have inspired C. are inspired D. inspired
【7题答案】
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：有描绘孤独的画作，有受孤独启发而创作的歌曲，还有许多文学作品围绕着这个主题。此处限定性定语从句，修饰先行词songs，与谓语构成被动关系，应用被动语态；根据上文are可知，此处为一般现在时。故选C。
8. The National Stadium, or the Bird’s Nest, _________to seat over 9,000 audience.
A. designs B. will design C. designed D. was designed
【8题答案】
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意： 国家体育场，即鸟巢，设计容纳9000多名观众。陈述过去事实，用一般过去时，主语The National Stadium与design之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选D。
9. There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means__ trouble.
A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having made
【9题答案】
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：前台接待处有一个人似乎非常生气，我想他可能有意找事。mean to do 是一个词组，是有意做某事，打算做某事；mean doing是意味着…；C、D都不合适，因为完成时表示动作已经完成，不符合题意。根据句意可知B正确 。故选B。
10. Spielberg, the great American director, got poor grades in high school and_________to any film schools when young.
A. was admitted B. wasn’t admitted C. has admitted D. hasn’t admitted
【10题答案】
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：伟大的美国导演斯皮尔伯格在高中时成绩很差，年轻时没有上过电影学校。根据题干中的谓语动词got以及时间状语when young可知，句子的时态为一般过去时；因主语Spielberg与动词admit是被动关系，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态；根据any film school以及句意可知，Spielberg没有被录取。故选B。
Section B（9分）
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Not that there is one word more than you need.
A. spread B. predicted C. key D. advances E. agricultural
F. invention G. continued H. exchanging I. continents J. seeking
When did globalization begin? Many scholars say it started with Columbus’s voyage to the New World in 1492. Yet people traveled to nearby and faraway places long before his voyage,____11____their ideas, products, and customs along the way. The Silk Road is perhaps the most well-known early example. As globalization developed, new technologies played a____12____role in the Silk Road trade. Advances in transportation led to the building of roads connecting the major empires of the day, and increased____13____production meant more food could be transported. Along with all kinds of products, ideas such as Buddhist beliefs and the secrets of paper-making also____14____through trading.
Unquestionably, these types of exchanges were accelerated (加速) in the Age of Exploration, when European explorers were____15____new sea routes to Asia. Again, technology played an important role in the maritime (海上的) trade routes that flourished between the old and the newly discovered____16____.
The web of globalization____17____to spread out through the Age of Revolution, when ideas about liberty and equality spread like fire from America to France to Latin America and beyond. It rode the waves of industrialization, colonization, and war through the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, powered by the____18____of factories, railways, steamboats, cars, and planes.
With the Information Age, globalization went into overdrive. The____19____in computer and communications technology launched a new global era and redefined what it meant to be “connected.”
【11~19题答案】
【答案】11. H 12. C 13. E 14. A 15. J 16. I 17. G 18. F 19. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。全球化是一个术语，用来描述贸易和技术如何使世界成为一个更加联系和相互依存的地方。文章主要说明了全球化是从何时开始的以及其影响。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：早在哥伦布远航之前，人们就到附近和遥远的地方旅行，在途中交流他们的思想、产品和习俗，设空处在句中作非谓语，为现在分词作伴随状语，exchange“交流”合乎句意。故选H。
【12题详解】
考查冠词。句意：随着全球化的发展，新技术在丝绸之路贸易中发挥了作用。play a role in在……中发挥作用，设空处后为名词，设空处应用形容词修饰名词，key“关键的”合乎句意。故选C。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：交通的进步导致了连接当时主要帝国的道路的修建，而农业生产的增加意味着更多的食物可以运输。设空处后为名词，设空处应为形容词修饰名词，根据后句“more food could be transported(更多的食物可以运输)”可知为农业生产的增加，agricultural“农业的”合乎句意。故选E。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：随着各种各样的产品的增加，思想，如佛教信仰和造纸的秘密也通过贸易传播。设空处在句中作谓语，根据上句“and increased____3____production meant more food could be transported(而农业生产的增加意味着更多的食物可以运输)”可知思想，如佛教信仰和造纸的秘密也通过贸易传播。spread“传播”合乎句意。故选A。
【15题详解】
考意动词，句意：毫无疑问，这类交流在探险时代得到了加速，当时欧洲探险家正在寻找通往亚洲香料和丝绸的新海上航线。设空处在when引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，设空处和主语explorers之间为主动关系，根据空前的were，可知从句的时态为过去进行时，seek“寻找”合乎句意。故选J。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：技术再次在新旧大陆之间繁荣的海上贸易路线中发挥了重要作用。设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词的形式，空前无限定词修饰，应用名词复数的形式。continent“大陆”合乎句意。故选I。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：全球化的网络在革命时代继续蔓延，自由和平等的思想像火一样从美国蔓延到法国，再到拉丁美洲和其他地方。设空处在句中作谓语，叙述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，设空处应用动词的过去式。continue“继续”合乎句意。故选G。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：在18世纪、19世纪和20世纪，由于工厂、铁路、蒸汽船、汽车和飞机的发明，它经历了工业化、殖民和战争的浪潮。设空处在句中作介词的宾语，应用名词的形式，设空处为抽象名词，无复数形式。invention“发明”合乎句意。故选F。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：计算机和通信技术的进步开启了一个新的全球时代，并重新定义了连接的含义。设空处在句中作主语，应用名词的形式，根据空后的“in computer and communications(在计算机和通信领域)”可知设空处应用名词复数的形式，advance“进步”，合乎句意。故选D。
III. Reading Comprehension（32分）
Section A（10 分）
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Being alone in outer space can be frightening—that is one reason why astronauts on solo space flight were given plenty of work to keep them____20____. They were also in constant communication with people on the earth.____21____, being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine(潜水艇)voyages. It will also happen on____22____space flights in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions?
Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of____23____is. When men are____24____together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very____25____.
Apparently, although no one wants to be____26____all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called a stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of ____27____or stress.
People who are well-adjusted are able to____28____stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in_____29_____our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress.
20. A. tired B. asleep C. conscious D. busy
21. A. So far B. After all C. However D. Therefore
22. A. long B. fast C. dangerous D. direct
23. A. fuel B. entertainment C. adjustment D. health
24. A. shut up B. held up C. brought up D. picked up
25. A. pleasing B. annoying C. common D. valuable
26. A. noisy B. alone C. personal D. sociable
27. A. emphasis B. conflict C. power D. pressure
28. A. handle B. create C. affect D. investigate
29. A. becoming B. choosing C. ordering D. promoting
【20~29题答案】
【答案】20. D 21. C 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，讲述了宇航员在太空生活和潜水艇人员在水下航行生活的特点及需要具备的品质。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：独自在外太空可能会让人感到害怕——这就是为什么独自进行太空飞行的宇航员会有很多工作以使得他们忙碌的原因之一。A. tired劳累的；B. asleep睡着的；C. conscious有意识的；D. busy忙碌的。根据“were given plenty of work”可知，独处的宇航员在太空会被给予大量工作来让他们忙碌。故选D项。
【21题详解】
考查副词、短语词义辨析。句意：然而，与你无法摆脱的人在一起可能比独自一人更难。A. So far迄今为止；B. After all毕竟，终究；C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。空前“They were also in constant communication with people on the earth.”表示在太空的宇航员也与地球上的人保持着不断的联系；空后“being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone.”表示与无法摆脱的人在一起更困难，前后为转折关系，用However构成转折。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在未来的长途太空飞行中也会发生这种情况。 A. long长的；B. fast快的；C. dangerous危险的；D. direct直接的。根据前文“on long submarine voyages”及“also”和“under such conditions”可以推测，在太空飞行中，时间也是很长的。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们发现航行时间越长，适应问题就越严重。A. fuel燃料；B. entertainment娱乐；C. adjustment适应；D. health健康。根据文章第一段“Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions?”及“They have found that the longer the voyage lasts”可知，科学家研究发现，航行时间越长，适应问题就越严重。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当人们被长时间封闭在一起时，他们开始感到不安。A. shut up闭嘴、关闭、封闭；B. held up举起；支撑；C. brought up提出，养育；D. picked up捡起，获得。根据下文“In the limited space over a long period of time”及“When people are enclosed together”并结合语境可知，在潜水艇里，人们被封闭在一个地方很长时间。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在有限的空间里待很长一段时间，这些小习惯可能会变得很烦人。A. pleasing令人高兴的；B. annoying令人烦躁的；C. common普遍的；D. valuable有价值的。根据“Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable.”及“In the limited space over a long period of time, however”可知，平日的说话和举止，在被封闭很久的时候会变得很令人烦躁。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，虽然没有人想一直独处，但每个人都需要一定程度的隐私。A. noisy嘈杂的；B. alone独自的；C. personal个人的；D. sociable好交际的。根据“Although”及“everyone needs some degree of privacy”可知，尽管没有人想要一直独处，但是每个人都是需要隐私的。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着他们承受着不寻常的压力。A. emphasis重要性；B. conflict冲突；C. power能力，影响力；D. pressure压力。根据“or stress”及下文“stress situations”可知，被一起封闭在一起，需要承受不寻常的压力。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：适应能力强的人比其他人更能处理压力情况。A. handle处理；B. create创造；C. affect影响；D. investigate调查。根据“People who are well-adjusted”可知，适应能力强的人比其他人更能处理压力情况。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么在选择我们的宇航员时如此小心的一个原因。A. becoming变成；B. choosing选择；C. ordering命令；D. promoting提升，促进。根据“These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress.”可知，选择宇航员时要很小心，需要具备很强的抗压能力。故选B项。
Section B（22分）
Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
[A]
In reading the world’s great literature on human excellence and personal success I’ve found that, in order to launch ourselves into a life of true success, we need to satisfy one basic condition: pursue our goals with perseverance. The biggest difference between people who succeed and those who don’t is not usually talent but persistence.
On my way to work one morning, I met Ruby, who is now a motivational speaker. He has grown up in Joliet, listening to stories about University of Notre Dame (圣母大学), and dreaming of one day playing football there. Friends told him he wasn’t a good enough student to be admitted. So he gave up his dream and went to work in a power plant.
Then a friend was killed in an accident to work. Shocked, Ruby suddenly realized that life is too short not to pursue your dreams. In 1990, at the age of 23, he enrolled at Holy Cross Junior College in South Bend, Indiana. He got good enough grades to transfer to Notre Dame, where he finally made the football team as a member of the “scout team”, the players who helped the team prepare for games.
Ruby was living his dream, almost. But he wasn’t allowed to suit up for the games themselves. The next year, after Ruby requested it, the coach told Ruby he could put on his uniform for the season’s final game. And there he sat, on the Notre Dame bench during the game. A student started shouting, “we want Ruby!” Soon others joined in. Finally, at the age of 27, with 27 seconds left to play, Ruby was sent onto the field—and made the final tackle (阻截). So his team won the game.
When I met Ruby 17 years later, it was in the parking lot outside Notre Dame stadium, where a camera crew was filming scenes for Rudy, a motion picture about his life. His story illustrates that there is no limit to where your dreams can take you.
30. The writer believes that the key to achieving success is_________.
A. developing one’s talent B. seizing opportunities
C. having wide vision D. sticking to one’s goal
31. According to the passage, Rudy once gave up his dream of playing football for Notre Dame because_________.
A. his friend was killed there B. his foot was injured in an accident
C. he lacked confidence in himself D. he failed in the entrance examination
32. What does the passage mainly discuss about Rudy?
A. He was the oldest player at Notre Dame.
B. He succeeded in realizing his dream.
C. He was the best speaker at Notre Dame.
D. He succeeded in developing his ability.
【30~32题答案】
【答案】30. D 31. C 32. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过Ruby的经历告诉我们：成功的关键是用顽强的意志和坚持不懈的精神来追求梦想。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“we need to satisfy one basic condition: pursue our goals with perseverance. The biggest difference between people who succeed and those who don’t is not usually talent but persistence. (我们需要满足一个基本条件：坚持不懈地追求目标。成功者和不成功者之间最大的区别通常不是天赋而是毅力)”可知，作者认为成功的关键是坚持不懈地追求目标。故选D。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Friends told him he wasn’t a good enough student to be admitted. So he gave up his dream and went to work in a power plant. (朋友们告诉他，他不够好，不能被录取。所以他放弃了他的梦想，去了一家发电厂工作)”可知，Rudy曾经放弃去圣母大学踢球的梦想是因为朋友告诉他他不够好，即他当时不相信自己，缺乏自信。故选C。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第二段的“He has grown up in Joliet, listening to stories about University of Notre Dame (圣母大学), and dreaming of one day playing football there. (他在乔利特长大，经常听关于圣母大学的故事，梦想有一天在那里踢足球)”和倒数第二段的“Finally, at the age of 27, with 27 seconds left to play, Ruby was sent onto the field—and made the final tackle (阻截). So his team won the game. (最后，在27岁的时候，在比赛还剩27秒的时候，Ruby被派上了球场，完成了最后一次阻截。 所以他的球队赢了比赛)”可知，文章讲述了Ruby因为对梦想坚持不懈的追求，最后取得成功的故事。故选B。
[B]
Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.
Singapore
Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small polite bow. Business cards should be offered and received with two hands. Arriving late is considered disrespectful. So be on time. Efficiency is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced. Singaporeans are direct in their discussions, even when the subject is about money. Rank is important and authority is respected. This determines how people react in meetings. For example, people avoid disagreeing outright with someone with a higher rank.
United Arab Emirates
In the UAE, status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles. The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So, do not pull away the handshake. Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress. Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(手肘)and down to the knees. People do not avoid entertaining in their homes, but they also hold business meals at restaurants. Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided. When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented.
Switzerland
The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. They are also respectful of private lives. You should be careful not to ask about personal topics. Punctuality is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for other’s time. Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes earlier to be safe. They also have clear structure in their companies. Higher-ups make the final decisions, even if others might disagree. Neat, clean dress is expected. The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table. It is polite to finish the food on your plate.
33. The passage is mainly about_________.
A. communication types B. the workplace atmosphere
C. customs and social manners D. living conditions and standards
34. Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss?
A. They put efficiency in the first place.
B. They dislike face-to-face communication.
C. They want to finish meetings are quickly as possible.
D. They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank.
35. In the UAE, when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered?
A. When greeting seniors. B. When meeting the host alone.
C. When attending a presentation. D. When dining with business partners.
36. In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table?
A. In Singapore. B. In the United Arab Emirate.
C. In Switzerland. D. Not mentioned.
【33~36题答案】
【答案】33. C 34. D 35. B 36. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了新加坡、阿拉伯联合酋长国以及瑞士的一些习俗和社会礼仪。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.(下面是一本关于在一些国家做生意时人们行为举止得体的手册上的一些必须知道的信息)”结合文章主要介绍了新加坡、阿拉伯联合酋长国以及瑞士的一些习俗和社会礼仪。可知，这篇文章主要关于习俗和社会礼仪。故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Rank is important and authority is respected. This determines how people react in meetings. For example, people avoid disagreeing outright with someone with a higher rank.(等级很重要，权威受到尊重。这决定了人们在会面时的反应。例如，人们避免直接与上级意见相左)”可知，新加坡人不愿和老板争吵因为他们应该服从级别更高的人。故选D。
35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented.(当一对一会面时，如果主人给你咖啡，你应该拒绝。这可能看起来很奇怪，但这是一种文化传统。只有当咖啡总是摆放或赠送时才可以接受)”可知，在阿联酋，如果被提供了咖啡，与主人单独见面时可以拒绝。故选B。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table.(瑞士人讲究正式的餐桌礼仪。他们还会把手放在桌子上，胳膊肘远离桌子)”可知，在瑞士，人们会在意在餐桌上把手放在哪里。故选C。
[C]
Unhappy people glue themselves to the television 30 percent more than happy people. The finding, announced on Thursday, comes from a survey of nearly 30,000 American adults as part of the General Social Survey.
While happy people reported watching an average of 19 hours of television per week, unhappy people reported 25 hours a week. The results hardly change after taking into account education, income, age and marital status.
In addition, happy individuals were more socially active, attended more religious services, voted more and read a newspaper more often that their less-chipper ones.
The researchers are not sure, though, whether unhappiness leads to more television-watching or more viewing leads to unhappiness. In fact, people say they like watching television. The research has shown that when people watch television they enjoy it. In these studies, 9 in 10 participants reported that on a scale from 0(dislike) to 10 (greatly enjoy), TV-watching was nearly an 8.
But perhaps the high from watching television doesn’t last.
“These conflicting data suggest that TV may provide viewers with short-run pleasure, but at the expense of long-term malaise (不舒服),” said researcher John Robinson, a sociologist at the University of Maryland, College Park.
In this scenario, even the happiest campers could have a bad mood if they continue to stare at the TV. The researchers suggest that over time, television-viewing could push out other activities that do have more lasting benefits. Exercise and reading come to mind, as do parties and other forms of socialization known to have psychological benefits.
Or, maybe television is simply an escape for people who are already unhappy.
“TV is not judgmental nor difficult, so people with few social skills or resources for other activities can engage in it,” Robinson write in the December issue of the journal Social Indicators Research.
They add, “Furthermore, short-run unhappiness can be socially and personally debilitated by many positive social and personal activities. However, even the unhappiest people can click a remote and be passively entertained by a TV.”
The researchers say follow-up studies are needed to find out more facts about the issue.
37. The passage is mainly about_________.
A. the relationship between watching TV and unhappiness
B. the benefits and weakness of watching TV
C. the suitable way to watch TV
D. the reasons of an unhappy life
38. The underlined word debilitated is closest in meaning to_________.
A. threatened B. developed C. weakened D. explained
39. One saying is that watching TV resulted in unhappiness because_________.
A. watching TV doesn’t require intelligence and is passive activity
B. watching TV keeps people from doing other meaningful things
C. people may see many sad scenes on TV which make them unhappy
D. watching TV is a personal activity which makes people lonely
40. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The time spent on TV watching is affected by education and income.
B. Scientist has made it clear that unhappiness results in too much TV watching.
C. Most happy people in the study stated that they didn’t enjoy watching TV.
D. Watching TV can give temporary happiness but no lasting pleasure.
【37~40题答案】
【答案】37. A 38. C 39. B 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述一项研究结果显示，不快乐的人更看电视，但目前研究人员还不确定究竟是不快乐导致人们更爱看电视，还是看电视过多导致人们不快乐，还需进一步的研究理清两者的关系。
【37题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一句“Unhappy people glue themselves to the television 30 percent more than happy people.(不快乐的人看电视的时间比快乐的人多30%)”及第四段中“The researchers are not sure, though, whether unhappiness leads to more television-watching or more viewing leads to unhappiness.(但目前研究人员还不确定究竟是不快乐导致人们更爱看电视，还是看电视过多导致人们不快乐)”可知，文章主要讨论看电视和不快乐之间的关系。故选A项。
【38题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段内容“In addition, happy individuals were more socially active, attended more religious services, voted more and read a newspaper more often than their less-chipper ones.(此外，与不快乐的人相比，快乐的人在社交方面更为活跃，参加更多的宗教活动和投票选举，并且更爱读报纸。)”可知，社交及个人活动能让人更快乐，结合划线词后的“many positive social and personal activities(很多积极的社交及个人活动)”可推知，划线词所在句意为：此外，短期的不快乐可以被许多积极的社会和个人活动削弱。debilitated意为“减弱”。故选C项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段中“The researchers suggest that over time, television-viewing could push out other activities that do have more lasting benefits. Exercise and reading come to mind, as do parties and other forms of socialization known to have psychological benefits.(研究人员表示，随着时间的推移，看电视可能会挤掉其他确实有更持久益处的活动。我想到了锻炼和阅读，也想到了聚会和其他被认为对心理有益的社交活动。)”可知，看电视会导致不快乐，有一种说法是因为看电视使人们无法做其他有意义的事情。故选B项。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段中“These conflicting data suggest that TV may provide viewers with short-run pleasure, but at the expense of long-term malaise (不舒服)(这些互相矛盾的数据表明，看电视可能会给人带来短暂的愉悦感，但代价就是长期的不舒服)”可知，看电视能带来短暂的快乐，但不能带来持久的快乐。故选D项。
IV. Language use（25分）
Section A（10分）
Directions: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words or phrases below. Note that there are two words more than you need.
sweat flood extinct gain approach figure
contrast formal measure range curiosity target

41. The poachers（偷猎者）have driven the African elephants to the edge of__________.
42. The hotel offers a wide__________of facilities and services.
43. One week before Christmas, the Shopping mall was__________with customers.
44. According to the news report, last night the terrorists__________the passengers with guns.
45. The two sets of__________are not significantly different.
46. These workers__________in the field for ten to twelve hours every day with little pay.
47. There is an old saying: “No pains, no__________.”
48. Obviously, these advertisements of health care products__________the elders.
49. Male students have to wear suit and tie on__________occasions.
50. His talent,__________and hard work finally made him one of the greatest scientists of our country.
【41~50题答案】
【答案】41. extinction
42. range 43. flooded
44. approached
45. contrasts
46. sweat 47. gains
48. target 49. formal
50. curiosity
【解析】
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：偷猎者把非洲象逼到了灭绝的边缘。分析句子结构可知，空处为宾语，在介词of之后故用名词，表示“灭绝”，故用extinct的名词形式，符合句意，故填extinction。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：这家旅馆提供各种设施和服务。a range of为固定用法，意为“一系列”，故填range。
【43题详解】
考查动词。句意：圣诞节前一周，购物中心挤满了顾客。分析句子结构可知，空处为谓语动词，be flooded with为固定短语，意为“挤满，充满”，符合句意，故填flooded。
【44题详解】
考查动词。句意：据新闻报道，昨晚恐怖分子持枪接近乘客。分析句子结构可知，空处为谓语动词，时间状语为last night，故用一般过去时；表示“接近”，故用approach，符合句意，故填approached。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：两组对比没有显著差异。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填写名词，意为“对照”，根据“The two sets of”可知，应该填写名词复数，故填contrasts。
【46题详解】
考查动词。句意：这些工人每天在地里辛苦劳作10到12个小时，工资很低。分析句子结构可知，空处为谓语动词，时间状语为every day，故用一般现在时；表示“辛苦劳作”，主语为复数名词，谓语动词使用原形，故用sweat符合句意，故填sweat。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：常言道，不劳无获。No pains, no gains为谚语，符合句意，故填gains。
【48题详解】
考查动词。句意：显然，这些保健品广告的目标人群是老年人。分析句子结构可知，空处为谓语动词，表示“针对”，故用target符合句意；此句为现在的事实，故用一般现在时；主语“advertisements”和动词“target”之间为主动关系，且主语为复数，故填target。
【49题详解】
考查形容词。句意：男生在正式场合必须穿西装打领带。分析句子结构可知，此空应该填形容词作定语，意为“正式的”，故填formal。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：他的天赋、好奇心和勤奋最终使他成为我国最伟大的科学家之一。分析句子结构可知，此空应该填名词，与“talent and hard work”并列，均是他成功的关键，curiosity表示“好奇心”，符合句意，故填curiosity。
Section B（2’+3’+3’+3’+4’=15分）
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
51. 一个人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败。（defeat）(汉译英)
【51题答案】
【答案】One man can be destroyed but not defeated.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词被动语态。“一个人”可以用one man表示；“被毁灭”可以用be destroyed表示；“被打败”可以用be defeated表示。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为One man can be destroyed but not defeated.
52. 必须采取有效的措施来解决环境污染的问题。（measure）(汉译英)
【52题答案】
【答案】Effective measures must be taken to solve the problem of environmental pollution.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和被动语态。“采取有效的措施来做某事”是固定短语take effective measures to do sth.，“解决环境污染的问题”是solve the problem of environmental pollution，句子应用被动语态，用“effective measures”作主语，“必须”是must，因此整句话翻译为“Effective measures must be taken to solve the problem of environmental pollution”。故答案为Effective measures must be taken to solve the problem of environmental pollution。
53. 如果你还有任何问题，随时问我。（hesitate）(汉译英)
【53题答案】
【答案】If you have any question, don’t hesitate to ask me.
【解析】
【详解】考查if条件句、祈使句、动词（短语）、固定搭配及时态等。分析句子可知，句子应使用一般现在时，从句是if条件句，主句则用祈使句。表达“如果”应使用if引导的条件句；表达“有任何问题”短语为have any question，作条件句的谓宾；表达“随时”可使用固定搭配don’t hesitate to do sth.，作主语的谓语；表达“问我”应使用动词短语ask me。主句与从句用逗号隔开，句子首字母大写。故翻译为If you have any question, don’t hesitate to ask me.
54. 这是一个关于选择的故事，我们每个人的每一个选择都能够产生巨大的影响。（difference）(汉译英)
【54题答案】
【答案】This is a story about choice and every choice of each of us can make a big difference.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。 a story about choice关于选择的故事； every choice每一个选择；each of 每一个；make a difference有影响，有区别。陈述现在事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为This is a story about choice and every choice of each of us can make a big difference.
55. 我更愿意相信，随着人口的增长，我们能够颂扬的是人类的不同之处，而非相似之处。（celebrate）(汉译英)
【55题答案】
【答案】I prefer to believe that as the population grows, it is our differences rather than our similarities that we can celebrate.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词用法和强调句用法。句子描述的是目前的情况，应用一般现在时；“我更愿意相信”可用I prefer to believe that...表示；“随着人口的增长”可用时间状语as the population grows表示；“颂扬”可用celebrate表示；“人类的不同之处，而非相似之处”可用our differences rather than our similarities表示；此处可用强调句表示，故翻译为I prefer to believe that as the population grows, it is our differences rather than our similarities that we can celebrate.