2023年中考英语二轮复习专项讲义与练习-名词（牛津译林版）

这是一份2023年中考英语二轮复习专项讲义与练习-名词（牛津译林版），共4页。试卷主要包含了正确识别可数名词和不可数名词，掌握可数名词复数形式的构成，不可数名词量的表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
课标考点
1．正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。
2．掌握可数名词复数形式的构成。
3．掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。
考点一：不可数名词
1．分类
不可数名词分为__________(表示无法分为个体的物质，如rice，water，milk等)和__________(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如wrk，time，health等)。常考的不可数名词还有：music, fun, news, infrmatin, advice, weather, hmewrk, wrk, air, time, mney, paper, traffic, prgress bread, music, furniture, sugar, knwledge, truble, prgress, traffic , weather, fun, beef。等。
2．基本用法
不可数名词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。不可数名词前面不能使用冠词______或______。
3．既可数又不可数的名词
有些名词既能用作可数名词，又能用作不可数名词，但意义不同。如：
space—______ (可数)；_____ (不可数) fish—______ (可数)；______ (不可数)
glass—______(可数)；______ (不可数) paper—_____ (可数)；_____ (不可数)
wrk—_____ (可数)；_____ (不可数) experience—_____ (可数)；_____ (不可数)
exercise—_____ (可数)；_____ (不可数) achievement—_____ (可数)；_____ (不可数)
4．不可数名词量的表达
不可数名词的数量，要借助一个可数名词来表达，其结构为：数词＋可数名词＋f＋不可数名词。如：
一块面包 __________________ 两杯茶 __________________
三杯橘汁 _____________________ 几则建议__________________
考点二：可数名词变复数
1．规则变化
(1)一般在词尾加______。如：lake→lakes；muth→muths；mnth→mnths；arm→arms；key→keys；by→bys；grwnup→grwnups；pund→punds；dllar→dllars。
(2)以s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词后加______。如：bus→buses；bx→bxes；brush→brushes；sandwich→sandwiches；wish→wishes；church→churches；glass→glasses；beach→beaches。
注意：stmach→____________
(3)以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，变______为______，再加______。如：factry→factries；library→libraries；city→cities；cuntry→cuntries；stry→stries；family→families；strawberry→strawberries；dictinary→dictinaries；party→parties；hbby→hbbies。
(4)以结尾的大多加s，少数加es。如：z→zs；pht→phts；radi→radis；pian→pians；kangar→kangars；
注意：her→heres；tmat→tmates；ptat→ptates; mang→manges/ mangs
(5)以f或fe结尾的词，变______或______为______加______。如：knife→knives；leaf→leaves；shelf→shelves；half→halves；thief→thieves；wife→wives；wlf→wlves；life→lives。
2．不规则变化
不规则变化的名词的复数形式有三种情况：
(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母。如：ft→feet；tth→teeth；man→men；wman→wmen；Englishman→Englishmen(但：German→Germans)。
(2)词尾加(r)en，如：child→__________。
(3)单、复数相同。如：sheep→sheep；deer→deer；fish→fish；Chinese→_________；Japanese→_________。
(4)有些名词只表示复数。如：peple, trusers, scissrs, glasses(眼镜)。
(5)man 和wman作定语修饰另一个名词时，两部分都用复数。如：wman teacher→wmen teachers女教师；man dctr→men dctrs男医生。
补充：可数名词与不可数名词的不确切量的表达方式：
few, a few, many, several, a (large/small)number f / a cuple f+ 可数名词
little, a little, much, a large/small amunt f, a great deal f+ 不可数名词
sme, any, plenty f , enugh, a lt f/lts f+ 可数/不可数名词
考点三：名词所有格
1．构成
(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法：
①一般情况下在名词后加's。如：迈克的汽车__________ 我妈妈的头发_______________
②以s结尾的复数名词只加'。 如：教师节_______________ 三个小时的步行______________
③不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加's 。如：妇女节_______________ 儿童节_____________
(2)无生命的名词所有格一般由“f＋名词”构成。如：
我们教室的一张照片 _________________________ 一张中国地图___________________
[注意] 表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词，也可用's构成所有格。如：
今天的报纸______________________ 世界人口______________________________
2．特殊用法
(1)表示两者共同拥有的人或物时，只需在最后一个人的名字后加's；表示各自所有，则需在每个名词后加's。如：莉莉和露西共有的房间__________________莉莉和露西各自的房间_____________________
(2)表示“家”、 “店铺”等处所。如： at Li Lei's在李雷家 在诊所______________
(3)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分，结构为“f＋名词's” 或 “f＋名词性物主代词”。如：
我父亲的一本书____________________
① a/an/数词/any/sme/several/n/few/anther/all/many + 名词+f + 名词’s。
如：a friend f my father’s
② … 名词+ f + 名词性物主代词。
如：a friend f mine ＝ ne f my friends我的一个朋友
3．名词普通格作定语时的形式
名词作定语时，一般用单数形式，但sprts, clthes例外。
paper tigers纸老虎 wrk places工作的地方 sprts shes运动鞋
考点四：名词的后缀
1. 表示人的：-er, -r, -ian, -ist, -ress
如：win-winner run-runner supprt –supprter invent-inventr visit-visitr
direct-directr act-actr / actress cllect-cllectr create- creatr survive- survivr
art-artist
2. 动词转名词：-tin, -sin, -ing, -(s) ure, -ment, -ance
如：prnunce- prnunciatin express-expressin begin-beginning press-pressure
agree-agreement perfrm-perfrmance invite-invitatin invent-inventin
3. 其它：-th, -dm, -ce, -y, -ty, -ness, -ship, -hd
如：warm-warmth free freedm different-difference difficult-difficulty
safe –safety busy-business friend –friendship child-childhd
考点四：名词作句子成分
1.名词作主语
1).表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Tw hurs ________(be) enugh fr us t get there .
2).量词短语“数字+量词+ f +…”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致。
A pair f shes _______(be) under the bed .
Tw pieces f paper _______(be) n the desk .
3).名词+介词（with、except 、alng with …….）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致。
The teacher with the students _________(be) planting trees n the hill .
4).短语“neither…nr…、either…r…、nt nly…but als …”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则。
Neither he nr I ______ (be) a Frenchman .
2.名词作定语：
1).名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。 There is a she factry near the schl .
2).名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。(sprt ) The sprts meeting will be held next week .
3).man、wman 作定语表示性别时，man、wman随后面的名词单复数而变。
ne man teacher tw wmen teachers
强化训练：
（一）用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. When the cat is away, the ___________ (muse) will play happily.
2. Thse yu admire very much are called ___________ (her).
3. I’ve gt a tthache, s I need t g t the ___________ (dentist).
4. Hw many ___________ (wman dctr) are there in the hspital?
5. It’s abut twenty _________ (minute) ride frm my huse t the city centre.
6. Mst f the turists n the cach are _________ (German), and nly tw f them are _________ (Japanese).
7. Wuld yu please make sme ___________ (rm) fr the ld man, sir?
8. Several ___________ (freign) came t visit ur schl last week.
9. Mre and mre peple all ver the cuntry are wrried abut fd _________ (safe).
10. Eating t many sweets is bad fr yur ___________ (tth).
11. Jackie Chan is a famus ___________ (act).
12. We all received an ___________ (invite) t her wedding.
13. Tday mst students can g t high schl fr further __________ (educate) in ur cuntry.
14. Yu can make a ___________ (chse) amng thse prgrammes.
15. That French restaurant prvides nt nly delicius fd but gd _________ (serve).
16. The reprter interviewed ur headmaster n hw t raise ur ___________ (student) abilities.
17. The cmpass helped peple make many ___________ (discver) in the past.
18. The little girl shuted ludly when she saw tw ___________ (muse).
（二）根据中文提示完成单词
1. ___________ (熊猫) are lvely animals and they are black and white.
2. If yu like t g t Hng Kng fr shpping, yu can g there in any _______ (季节).
3. If yu dn’t knw the _________ (意思) f a wrd, yu’d better lk it up in the dictinary.
4. Yung children shuld have gd _________ (习惯), such as getting up early and having a healthy diet.
5. Daniel enjys swimming. He is ne f the best ______ (游泳者) in my class.
6. The ___________ (美丽) f the Summer Palace attracts millins f peple every year.
7. Great ___________ (进步) has been made in the field f medicine.
8. We had a lng ___________ (讨论) abut the plan.
9. Tm has the ___________ (能力) t d the wrk.
10. If there is a ___________ (机会) in a millin that yu can d smething, please d it.
（四）单项选择
()1.—Mr Huang was brn in Nanjing, but Suqian has becme his secnd ______.
family B. huse C. village D. hmetwn
()2. ________ fathers can’t g t the class meeting because they have gne t business.
A. Jack and Mike’sB. Jack’s and Mike’C. Jack and MikeD. Jack’s and Mike
()3. Yuan Lngping and his team have slved the prblem f _______ fr many peple
A. hunger B. health C. pllutin D. ppulatin
()4. The theme park is abut _______ ride frm the museum. Yu shuld start ut right nw.
A. tw hurB. tw hur’sC. tw hurs’D. tw hurs
()5. ---Anna, hw des the dress lk n me ? ---T tell the _____, it desn’t fit yu well.
A. trade B. trust C. truth D. treat
()6. --- High-speed trains are seen as ne f the new Fur Great _______f China
A. Achievements B. Agreements C. Envirnments D. Instruments
()7. D yu knw hw many ___ a hrse has and hw many ___ a bee has?
A. teeth; feetB. tth; ft C. ft; teethD. teeth; ft
()8. Sam eats t much ______. He desn’t eat any ______.
A. tmates; chickenB. tmat; chickenC. chicken; tmatesD. chickens; tmates
()9.---We have entered a wrld where rbt peratins becme true with 5 G technlgy.
----Hard t believe! Scientists are full f ______ which leads t great changes in ur life.
A. attractin B. inventin C. psitin D. cntributin
()10. Yu are wrking t hard. Yu’d better keep a _____ between wrk and relaxatin.
A. diaryB. prmiseC. balanceD. lead
()11.It is accepted by everyne that knwledge is the mst valuable __ fr human beings.
A. standard B. treasure C. inventin D. instructin
()12. ---Can I help yu with it? ---I appreciate yur ______, but I can manage it myself.
A. adviceB. questinC. fferD. idea
()13. I bught ____ China Daily frm a street-crner machine this mrning.
A. a page fB. a piece fC. a cpy fD. a bk f
()14. I am sure Cindy will be able t find the htel—she has a pretty gd __ f directin.
A. ideaB. feelingC. experience D. sense
()15. —Are all the students frm in yur class?
—N, there are nly three in ur class. The thers are frm ther cuntries.
A. Germany; Germen B. Germany; Germans
C. German; Germans D. German; Germany
()16. —Henry, have yu seen the English bk n the desk? If yu see it, please take it t
the ffice. —OK.
A. teachers’; teachers’ B. teacher’s; teachers’ C. teacher’s; teacher’s D. teachers’; teacher’s
()17. ---Smene called yu just nw.
---I knw. But I was busy at the mment. When I called back, there was n _______.
viceB. sundC. answerD. result
()18. --We can always find smething gd in a bad _______ if we lk fr it.
--- It’s s true. Let’s make full use f what cmes.
A. situatin B. directin C. instructin D. cmpetitin
()19. ---The music sunds terrible. ---Yes, I want t leave nw. Where is the _______?
A. seatB. stayC. exitD. entrance
()20. Yu have been sitting n my hat and nw it is badly ut f _______.
A. dateB. shapeC. rderD. balance