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2023届上海市嘉定区高三下学期二模英语试卷（含答案）
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这是一份2023届上海市嘉定区高三下学期二模英语试卷（含答案），共25页。试卷主要包含了用单词的适当形式完成短文，选用适当的单词或短语补全短文，完形填空，阅读理解，六选四，概要写作，汉译英，邀请信等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023届上海市嘉定区高三下学期二模英语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Understanding Your Loved Ones
Eight months after my father died, I saw some letters on top of my mother’s coffee table. They were written decades ago ___1___ my father’s neat handwriting. I couldn’t imagine my serious father ever ___2___ (write) anything like love letters.
“Would you like me to read them to you?” Mom asked with a hint of a smile. The letters ___3___ (address) to my mother in 1974 over the course of a month when my father traveled back to Italy to care for his sick mother, leaving his wife and me behind in Toronto, ___4___ my parents had immigrated to in 1956.
I sat back and listened while my mother read his letters to me, and thought, “Who is this guy?” My father was proud and stubborn (固执的), and he married a woman who was his equal in that regard. During their 58-year marriage, their stubbornness often ___5___ (lead) to conflict. So it was bittersweet to hear my father’s youthful words ___6___ (read) aloud by my elderly mother with a sad tone. I knew she was thinking about what could have been different if she had been ___7___ (proud).
As children, we often assume we know ___8___ about our parents. But, sometimes, we find out that they were and are people with various dimensions. After she finished reading the letters, I held them in my hands and examined them like they were fossils (化石). A man of few words ___9___ my father was, he had filled the front and back of several pages.
These letters are only part of their correspondence. My mother also wrote back to my father. I begged her to read them to me, but she only smiled. I don’t want to enter her heart’s most sacred place uninvited unless she wishes ____10____ (listen) to. But she has assured me that one day she will share them with me.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A．conventional B．tolerable C．layer D．stranded E. pile F. insightful
G. difference H. placed I. hazards J. anchor K. rays
Inspired by Arctic LifePolar bears are warm-blooded animals with heavy fat and fur that can survive in freezing Arctic temperatures. A team of students from the Royal Danish Academy, inspired by polar bears, designed a pop-up igloo (弹出式冰屋)—an emergency tent that might make survival in sub-zero areas much more ___11___.
Led by Henry Glogau, the team said that their design can help those lost or ___12___ in extreme conditions. With little visibility and no phone coverage, people may face severe ___13___ while waiting for rescue in cold polar areas. Rather than fight against the extreme conditions, the team looked to use them to its advantage. “Inspired by snow caves and the ___14___ winter-used tents, we treat snow as a building material rather than a burden,” the team told Vigour Times website.
The pop-up igloo adopts a mylar (聚酯薄膜) material, which works similarly to polar bears’ skin. Besides their thick fat and fur, polar bears have black skin underneath, which is ideal for absorbing ___15___ from the Arctic sun. In the same way, the mylar material reflects heat into the area within the tent to keep people feeling comfortable. The pop-up igloo also features an origami-like (像折纸的) design, which helps to trap the snow and ___16___ the tent. The origami pockets create areas where snow can ___17___ up on the outside. It prevents heat from escaping from the tent, while holding the tent to the ground. This adds another protective ___18___to everything inside.
To check its capabilities and limits, the team put the design through intensive testing for one month in Alaska. The analysis indicates that an average 37°C ___19___ in temperature between indoors and outdoors could be maintained. In the future, the pop-up igloos could be ____20____ along hiking routes in cold areas like the Arctic, where they could be set up in seconds when needed.
三、完形填空
Has someone ever told you something that made you doubt your own memory or judgment? If so, you may be a ___21___ of gaslighting. “Gaslighting” is a kind of psychological abuse to gain ___22___ over others by purposely making other people think they’re wrong even when they’re right. The term comes from Patrick Hamilton’s play in 1938. Lead character Jack Manningham seeks to convince his wife Bella that she is ___23___, by saying she is imagining the dimming (变暗) of the gas light in their home, when it was actually he who lowered the brightness of the light.
Gaslighting is initially used to talk about what happens in romantic relationships. However, many individuals also experience gaslighting at work. ___24___, a recent survey has found that 58% of the respondents said they have experienced gaslighting at work. It’s ___25___ since gaslighting usually involves a power relationship and a need to control others. In the workplace, the ___26___ between a boss and his employee can be the perfect breeding (滋生的) ground for this type of behavior. Your boss might tell you to handle an assignment in a certain way, but when you do, he gets ___27___ and says it wasn’t what he wanted. It makes you feel like your memory is ___28___. In other situations, your boss may exclude you from a meeting ___29___ and when you ask him about it, he might accuse you of being too sensitive instead of answering your question directly.
In order to find out whether your boss’s behavior really ___30___ gaslighting or he is just a poor communicator, you could write down your experiences and ask yourself what really happened, what his motives might have been, and how your emotion was ___31___. But always be careful because gaslighters know how to fly under the radar (雷达). They are skilled at weakening an employee’s confidence and sense of reality in a clever and ___32___ way.
To protect yourself, at the end of the conversation with your boss, repeat back what you heard and follow up with an e-mail restating the main points, ___33___ the interactions between you two. But don’t get your hopes high that this will automatically solve the problem, Robin Stern, author of The Gaslight Effect, warns, because it’s hard to get a gaslighter to ___34___ his behavior pattern. If things don’t improve, you may want to consider getting out of the gaslighting situation by looking for a new position. It may be one of the best things you can do for your ___35___ well-being.
21．A．creator B．victim C．host D．scholar
22．A．power B．wealth C．support D．experience
23．A．having fun B．feeling angry C．going crazy D．becoming younger
24．A．By comparison B．Worse still C．After all D．In fact
25．A．unsurprising B．irrelevant C．unnecessary D．improper
26．A．harmonies B．dynamics C．phases D．replacements
27．A．annoyed B．interested C．frightened D．excited
28．A．visual B．painful C．faulty D．lasting
29．A．at random B．for sure C．in time D．on purpose
30．A．recommends B．constitutes C．escapes D．discovers
31．A．facilitated B．affected C．represented D．monitored
32．A．hard-to-prove B．easy-to-spot C．safe-to-learn D．tough-to-survive
33．A．interrupting B．overcoming C．abandoning D．documenting
34．A．submit B．attain C．change D．forgive
35．A．emotional B．physical C．virtual D．economic
四、阅读理解
What’s wrong with being an amateur? While reading a recently published report saying “many people who attend plays are themselves involved in a form of amateur drama”, August Schulenburg of the Flux Theatre Ensemble questioned the divide between amateurs and professional artists.
One reason for the barrier, he suggests, is fear. “When professional arts organizations perceive their value under threat, they must draw rigid lines to protect it. Amateurs are pushed aside out of fear that they will somehow endanger the professional brands.”
But for Schulenburg, it’s an outmoded attitude towards amateurs. “The professional artist must be among them and of them; the amateur must be an equal partner at the table.” It sounds a lot like he is advocating the kind of large-scale community work. If so, he might have a point.
The importance of forming a community rather than a passive audience is something Douglas MacLennan also picked up on recently over a blog. In a post headlined “Pay attention! If selling tickets is your business model, you’ve got a problem”, he argues that theatres and other arts institutions will only survive if they “build community rather than audience”. The idea is that you give the public reasons to engage with your company, you build loyalty so that their support is more than just a consumer transaction (交易). Abigail Katz, a regular theater-goer, wonders whether theatres offer good value for money. She has written recently in a post at the Playgoer blog that much of the theatre “doesn’t do anything … doesn’t make me feel anything”.
Lynn Conner, one author of the report, also mentioned “I believe what today’s potential arts audiences most want out of an arts event is the opportunity to co-author meaning. They don’t want the arts; they want the experience. They want to gain the cultural rights by forming and exchanging opinions that are valued in the community.”
36．What do the two underlined pronouns “they” respectively refer to?
A．rigid lines; professional brands B．amateurs; professional arts organizations
C．professional brands; rigid lines D．professional arts organizations; amateurs
37．Which of the following does August Schulenburg agree with?
A．Rigid lines must be drawn to protect professional arts.
B．It is unwise for theatres to overlook amateur audience.
C．Theatres must produce serious plays to attract the audience.
D．The artists should dine together with the amateurs at the table.
38．In paragraph 4, the words of Abigail Katz are cited __________.
A．to highlight the necessity of surveying customers’ feelings
B．to emphasize the importance of advertising through blogs
C．to indicate the failure of theatres to engage the audience
D．to complain about the high price of the theatre plays
39．According to this passage, theatres should put ____________ first.
A．the audience’s sense of participation B．the quality of professional plays
C．the actors’ personal experiences D．the control of cultural rights
The 2022 World Cup has come to an end. Let’s review some facts about the hi-tech turf (草皮) that Qatar had spent much of its energy on.
Qatar, a desert nation, had three main challenges: water, air and light. It got almost every condition going against it. The water used to irrigate (灌溉) the grass is low quality, mainly treated seawater. Because of the desert sun, Qatar’s stadiums were built for maximum shade—great for preventing heatstroke, but less ideal for photosynthesis (光合作用). Inside the nearly-closed stadiums, there’s very little air movement.
Qatar identified pitch (球场) quality as a particular issue and set up the Aspire Sport Turf Research and Development Centre to find the best types of grass for use in the harsh climate, testing 24 different varieties. Eventually, Atlas Turf’s grass was chosen as much for its appearance as its tolerance for the tough conditions Qatar faces.
The following pictures show some tech facts about the turf, which ensures a consistent and durable surface for the players in all weather conditions.
40．What information can we learn from the passage?
① the conditions against grass growing in Qatar
② the material the stadiums were built with
③ the supplier of the turf grass
④ the efforts Qatar made to select the most suitable grass
⑤ the technology involved in making the turf
⑥ the tough challenges facing the football players
A．①③④⑤ B．①③⑤⑥ C．②③④⑤ D．②④⑤⑥
41．Atlas Turf’s grass is chosen probably because _____________.
A．it has very little air movement B．it becomes rough in windy weather
C．it is shade-tolerant D．it appears to have a golden color
42．Which of the following is TRUE about the turf?
A．24 types of grass have been planted on the turf.
B．Damage to the turf can be recovered quickly.
C．Artificial grass covers 70 percent of the turf.
D．Water can be saved at the bottom of the turf.
Peter and Minke van Wingerden have created something wild: a herd of cows floating on the sea. The Dutch husband-and-wife team’s experiment on sustainable agriculture, called Floating Farm, can be found in the port of Rotterdam. The modernist structure houses 40 cows, who collectively produce some 200 gallons of milk a day. In addition to helping nourish (滋养) the local community, the waterborne farm is playing a part in the global conversation about how the climate crisis is pushing farmers to reconsider how—and where—they produce food.
Floods, extreme heating, droughts and even rising night temperatures have sent the food system off balance. The race to outsmart the constant attack of extreme weather has made the world of farming unrecognizable from what it was only decades ago. A team of scientists in Mexico is developing wheat types that can adapt themselves to different climates, while Jack’s Solar Garden in Longmont, Colorado, is a testbed for the emerging method of solar farming.
Rotterdam has already established itself as one of the most climate-adaptive places in the world. Everything from office buildings to entire neighborhoods are built on water in the city, which is 90% below sea level. The Wingerdens’ Floating Farm was a new but necessary attempt. Should a weather crisis arise, a waterborne farm isn’t necessarily stuck in place. A former property developer with a background in engineering, Peter found his inspiration for the Floating Farm in a climate disaster in New York City, where Hurricane Sandy prevented the delivery of fresh food to millions.
The Wingerdens’ model is ripe for reproduction—which is exactly what the Floating Farm’s team of 14 are working on now. Plans are under way for a floating vegetable farm to move into the space next to the current Floating Farm. Permit applications are also out for similar structures in Dubai, Singapore and the Dutch cities of Haarlem and Arnhem.
The new projects will apply lessons learned from Floating Farm. “You need to build a house in order to know how to build a house,” Peter says. The biggest obstacles he sees ahead, however, are not financial or physical, but rather political and administrative. “One of the biggest challenges we come across worldwide is regulations. Cities need to have disruptive thinking, cities need to have disruptive departments, and cities need to have areas where you can say: OK, this is the experimental zone.” Because what Peter and his team are pulling off is of a different order than the typical sustainability measures. “We are not innovative,” he says. “We are disruptive.”
43．Which of the following is TRUE about the Floating Farm?
A．It is the first modern farming attempt to fight climate change.
B．It is a model of new agriculture in the age of climate crisis.
C．It has outsmarted other forms of farming like solar farming.
D．It copies a similar structure in Dubai ready for reproduction.
44．It can be inferred from the passage that ___________.
A．90% of the population in Rotterdam live below the sea level
B．The New York City is working hard to fight climate change
C．The local community will not be fed without new farming
D．Waterborne facilities are necessary to the future of Rotterdam
45．The phrase “disruptive thinking” in the last paragraph means “thinking __________”.
A．in a daring and unusual way B．in a focused and logical way
C．in a careful and detailed way D．in a rude and unpleasant way
46．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．Is Rotterdam Built on Water?
B．Can Floating Farming Survive?
C．Are Cows at Sea the Future of Farming?
D．Is Extreme Weather Affecting Agriculture?
五、六选四
Bedtime Rituals
At the end of a long day, you might want to collapse in front of the TV and watch an episode of your favorite show. _____47_____ Settling down with a cup of lemon tea or reading a book can tell your body it’s time to sleep. If you turn these activities into a ritual—that is, if you do them every night around the same time—you will be all the more likely to get the rest you need.
A bedtime ritual is important not only because it prepares you for sleep but also because it helps establish healthy sleep habits. If your current habits don’t support good sleep, a bedtime ritual can help you make necessary changes. _____48_____ Worry can make it hard to fall asleep at night, but for some people, anxiety at bedtime is common. Rituals can provide comfort by offering predictability and structure. Some rituals, such as journaling, might also relieve anxiety by giving the writer a fresh perspective or sense of meaning.
____49____ Consider trying several bedtime rituals before settling on a consistent routine. What’s important is figuring out what works for you. Start out with two or three activities according to your needs and preferences. If you enjoy exercise and movement, try yoga or gentle stretching. If you find comfort in order, create a to-do list for the next day. If classical music calms you, turn on some Bach or Mozart enjoying a bath.
Whether your bedtime ritual takes place in bed or somewhere else, make sure your environment is relaxing. Wear comfortable clothes or pajamas, curl up (蜷曲) under a cozy blanket, and keep the lights low. ______50______
A．Bedtime rituals can also help you reduce anxiety.
B．For adults, bedtime rituals typically last 30 minutes to an hour.
C．But engaging in some bedtime activities could actually help you sleep better.
D．Then when the time comes to fall asleep, you’ll be ready.
E．There’s no fixed format for the perfect bedtime ritual.
F．Evidence indicates that people who read a book in bed have better sleep quality.
六、概要写作
51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Museum Craze Involves More Teenagers
More museums are here waiting for you! China’s capital, Beijing, is going to open another batch (一批) of museums this year. The building of a new branch of the Palace Museum, one of the world’s most visited tourist attractions, kicked off as well.
As the museum craze has grown stronger in the past few years, teenagers in China have become more involved in exploring museums, where they can immerse (沉浸) themselves in modern technology as well as culture from the past. According to Educator magazine, visits by teenagers to museums each year increased from 220 million to 290 million in the past 5 years. Among the increasing numbers of museum visitors, many of them were teenagers accompanied by their families, reported Guangming Daily earlier this month.
To draw younger visitors, many museums are creating more offline activities for the purpose of spreading Chinese culture. They include artifact making, night visits, secret adventures, treasure evaluation, and some interesting courses. At the China Hangzhou Arts & Crafts Museum, for example, teenagers gathered around to make paper umbrellas during the Spring Festival holiday. With white gloves on and little spades in their hands, visitors in Henan province got to experience the daily work of archaeologists (考古学家). Apart from the activities, some museums even open branches especially designed for teenagers. A hall called Popular Agricultural Science for Young Visitors is a special branch launched by China Agricultural Museum. It is an exhibition hall that combines both visual and audio technology to involve teenagers in agriculture. Besides these offline approaches, a number of museums have also created official websites for teenagers, the Palace Museum in particular. Online visitors may go on an exciting adventure on the website in the style of a comic book.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
七、汉译英（整句）
52．这里是调料和零食，请随意取用。(help)(汉译英)
53．他是个出尔反尔的人，你难道没看出来吗？(whose) (汉译英)
54．据说这款手环将融入多种支付方式，为消费者提供安全便捷的购物体验。(be said to) (汉译英)
55．基础学科拔尖创新人才的培养，事关民族科技自立，具有重大的战略意义。(concern) (汉译英)
八、邀请信
56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是李明，你得知美术馆将要举办“国宝展”，邀请好友王磊周末同往。但王磊担心参观耗时太长，影响课业复习，婉拒了你的邀请。写一封电子邮件给王磊，在信中你必须：
1. 简要介绍此次“国宝展”；
2. 给出理由再次劝说王磊同往。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．in 2．writing 3．were addressed 4．which 5．led 6．read 7．less proud 8．everything 9．though##as 10．to be listened
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者通过母亲读父亲写给她的信时的情绪变化，明白了如何理解所爱的人。
1．考查介词。句意：这些信是几十年前我父亲工整的笔迹写的。分析句子结构可知，此处为介词与空后的名词短语构成介宾短语，结合句意可知，此处与writing搭配的“用”应为介词in。故填in。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：我无法想象我严肃的父亲会写情书之类的东西。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作宾语，imagine后应为动名词复合结构作宾语，my serious father是动名词的逻辑主语，两者为主动关系。故填writing。
3．考查谓语动词。句意：这些信是1974年写给我母亲的，当时父亲回到意大利照顾他生病的母亲，把妻子和我留在了多伦多，我的父母1956年移民到多伦多。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语in 1974可知，此处使用一般过去时态，且address与句子主语之间为被动关系，主语为复数名词。故填were addressed。
4．考查定语从句。句意：这些信是1974年写给我母亲的，当时父亲回到意大利照顾他生病的母亲，把妻子和我留在了多伦多，我的父母1956年移民到多伦多。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少介词to的宾语，先行词为Toronto指物。故填which。
5．考查谓语动词。句意：在他们58年的婚姻中，他们的固执经常导致冲突。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语During their 58-year marriage可知，此处应使用一般过去时态，且与主语之间为主动关系。故填led。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：所以，当我年迈的母亲用悲伤的语调大声朗读父亲年轻时的话语时，我感到苦乐参半。分析句子结构可知，此处为“hear+宾语+宾补”结构，read与宾语my father’s youthful words之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填read。
7．考查形容词。句意：我知道她在想，如果她不那么骄傲，会有什么不同。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作表语，结合句意可知，此处指的是母亲觉得要是自己不那么的骄傲的话，情况可能会不一样了，所以此处是与过去自己的骄傲相比较，应使用比较级，且意义相反。故填less proud。
8．考查代词。句意：作为孩子，我们经常认为我们对父母的一切都很了解。分析句子结构可知，此处应为代词作宾语，结合下文中的“But, sometimes, we find out that they were and are people with various dimensions.”可知，此处指的是“孩子们觉得自己理解父母的一切”，所以此处应为“一切”。故填everything。
9．考查连词。句意：尽管我父亲是一个沉默寡言的人，他写满了好几页书的正反面。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的状语从句，且句子结构倒装，应为as或者though引导的让步状语从句。故填though/as。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：我不想不请自来就进入她心中最神圣的地方除非她希望被倾听。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作宾语，根据固定用法wish to do sth.可知，此处应为不定式形式，且listen to与句子主语之间为被动关系，所以此处应为不定式的被动形式。故填to be listened。
11．B 12．D 13．I 14．A 15．K 16．J 17．E 18．C 19．G 20．H
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介丹麦皇家学院的一组学生受到北极熊的启发，设计了一个弹出式冰屋，这是一种应急帐篷，可以让人们在零度以下的地区生存得更容易。
11．考查形容词。句意：丹麦皇家学院的一组学生受到北极熊的启发，设计了一个弹出式冰屋，这是一种应急帐篷，可以让人们在零度以下的地区生存得更容易。结合句意表示“更容易”可知应填形容词tolerable，作宾补。故填tolerable。故选B。
12．考查动词。句意：由Henry Glogau领导的团队表示，他们的设计可以帮助那些在极端条件下迷路或被困的人。结合句意表示“困住”可知应填动词strand，与those构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填stranded。故选D。
13．考查名词。句意：在寒冷的极地地区，能见度低，没有电话信号，人们在等待救援时可能会面临严重的危险。结合句意表示“危险”可知应填名词hazard，前文没有冠词故用复数形式。故填hazards。故选I。
14．考查形容词。句意：该团队在接受《活力时报》网站采访时表示：“受雪洞和传统冬季帐篷的启发，我们把雪当作建筑材料，而不是负担。”结合句意表示“传统”可知应填形容词conventional，作定语。故填conventional。故选A。
15．考查名词。句意：除了厚厚的脂肪和皮毛，北极熊的皮下还有黑色的皮肤，这是吸收北极阳光的理想条件。结合句意表示“阳光”可知应填名词ray，前文没有冠词故用复数形式。故填rays。故选K。
16．考查动词。句意：弹出式冰屋还具有折纸般的设计，有助于留住雪并固定帐篷。结合句意表示“固定”可知应填动词anchor，且为短语help to do sth.。故填anchor。故选J。
17．考查动词。句意：折纸袋在外面创造了可以堆积雪的区域。结合句意表示“堆积”可知应填动词pile，can后跟动词原形。故填pile。故选E。
18．考查名词。句意：这给里面的东西又增加了一层保护层。结合句意表示“层”可知应填名词layer，another后跟单数名词。故填layer。故选C。
19．考查名词。句意：分析表明，室内与室外的平均温差可维持在37℃。结合句意表示“温差”可知应填名词difference，作主语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填difference。故选G。
20．考查动词。句意：在未来，弹出式冰屋可以被放置在像北极这样寒冷地区的徒步旅行路线上，在需要的时候，它们可以在几秒钟内设置好。结合句意表示“放置”可知应填动词place，与主语构成被动关系。故填placed。故选H。
21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．D 30．B 31．B 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是煤气灯效应和员工该如何保护自己免受这种效应的影响。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样，你可能是煤气灯的受害者。A. creator创造者；B. victim受害者；C. host主人；D. scholar学者。根据上文“someone ever told you something that made you doubt your own memory or judgment”可知，句子表示“你可能是煤气灯的受害者”。故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Gaslighting 是一种心理虐待，目的是故意让别人认为自己是错的，即使他们是对的。A. power力量；B. wealth财富；C. support支持；D. experience经历。根据下文“purposely making other people think they’re wrong even when they’re right”可知，句子表示“Gaslighting 是一种心理虐待，目的是故意让别人认为自己是错的，即使他们是对的”，gain power over sb.意为“征服某人”。故选A。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：主角Jack Manningham试图说服他的妻子贝拉相信她疯了，他说她是在想象他们家的煤气灯变暗，而实际上是他调低了灯的亮度。A. having fun玩得开心；B. feeling angry感到生气；C. going crazy发疯；D. becoming younger变得更年轻。根据下文“saying she is imagining the dimming (变暗) of the gas light in their home, when it was actually he who lowered the brightness of the light”可知，主角Jack Manningham试图说服他的妻子贝拉相信她疯了。故选C。
24．考查固定短语辨析。句意：事实上，最近的一项调查发现，58%的受访者表示他们在工作中经历过煤气灯效应。A. By comparison相比之下；B. Worse still更糟糕的是；C. After all毕竟；D. In fact事实上。根据下文“a recent survey has found that 58% of the respondents said they have experienced gaslighting at work”可知，句子表示“事实上，最近的一项调查发现，58%的受访者表示他们在工作中经历过煤气灯照明”。故选D。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这并不奇怪，因为煤气灯照明通常涉及权力关系和控制他人的需要。A. unsurprising不足为奇的；B. irrelevant不相关的；C. unnecessary不必要的；D. improper不适当的。根据下文“since gaslighting usually involves a power relationship and a need to control others”可知，在工作中经历过煤气灯效应是不足为奇的。故选A。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在工作场所，老板和员工之间的动态关系可能是这种行为的完美滋生地。A. harmonies和谐；B. dynamics动态；C. phases短语；D. replacements替代。根据下文“between a boss and his employee”可知，此处指“老板和员工之间的动态关系”。故选B。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你的老板可能会告诉你用某种方式处理一项任务，但当你这样做时，他会很生气，说这不是他想要的。A. annoyed生气的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. frightened害怕的；D. excited激动的。根据下文“says it wasn’t what he wanted”可知，句子表示“你的老板可能会告诉你用某种方式处理一项任务，但当你这样做时，他会很生气，说这不是他想要的”。故选A。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让你觉得你的记忆是错误的。A. visual视觉的；B. painful痛苦的；C. faulty错误的；D. lasting持久的。根据上文“it wasn’t what he wanted”可知，句子表示“这让你觉得你的记忆是错误的”，故选C。
29．考查固定短语辨析。句意：在其他情况下，你的老板可能会故意把你排除在会议之外，当你问他这件事时，他可能会指责你太敏感，而不是直接回答你的问题。A. at random任意地；B. for sure毫无疑问地；C. in time及时；D. on purpose故意地。根据下文“when you ask him about it, he might accuse you of being too sensitive instead of answering your question directly”可知，句子表示“你的老板可能会故意把你排除在会议之外，当你问他这件事时，他可能会指责你太敏感，而不是直接回答你的问题”。故选D。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了煤气灯，还是他只是一个糟糕的沟通者，你可以写下你的经历，问问自己真实发生了什么，他的动机可能是什么，以及你的情绪是如何受到影响的。A. recommends推荐；B. constitutes构成；C. escapes逃跑；D. discovers发现。根据下文“gaslighting or he is just a poor communicator”可知，此处表示“为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了煤气灯，还是他只是一个糟糕的沟通者”。故选B。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了煤气灯，还是他只是一个糟糕的沟通者，你可以写下你的经历，问问自己真实发生了什么，他的动机可能是什么，以及你的情绪是如何受到影响的。A. facilitated促进，推动；B. affected影响；C. represented代表；D. monitored监控。根据上文“when you ask him about it, he might accuse you of being too sensitive instead of answering your question directly”可知，老板这么对待员工，员工的情绪肯定会受影响，此处表示“你的情绪是如何受到影响的”。故选B。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们擅长用一种巧妙而难以证明的方式削弱员工的信心和现实感。A. hard-to-prove难以证明的；B. easy-to-spot容易被发现的；C. safe-to-learn有把握学习的；D. tough-to-survive难以存活的。根据下文“To protect yourself, at the end of the conversation with your boss, repeat back what you heard and follow up with an e-mail restating the main points”可知，老板擅长用一种巧妙而难以证明的方式削弱员工的信心和现实感。故选A。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了保护自己，在与老板的谈话结束时，重复你听到的内容，然后发电子邮件重申要点，记录你们之间的互动。A. interrupting打断；B. overcoming克服；C. abandoning放弃；D. documenting记录。根据上文“repeat back what you heard and follow up with an e-mail restating the main points”可知，此处表示“在与老板的谈话结束时，重复你听到的内容，然后发电子邮件重申要点，记录你们之间的互动”。故选D。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过，《煤气灯效应》一书的作者Robin Stern警告说，不要对这样就能自动解决问题抱太大希望，因为要让一个煤气灯点燃者改变他的行为模式是很难的。A. submit提交；B. attain得到；C. change改变；D. forgive原谅。根据上文“don’t get your hopes high that this will automatically solve the problem”可知，句子表示“不要对这样就能自动解决问题抱太大希望，因为要让一个煤气灯点燃者改变他的行为模式是很难的”。故选C。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能是你为自己的情感健康所能做的最好的事情之一。A. emotional情绪的；B. physical物理的；C. virtual虚拟的；D. economic经济的。根据上文“how your emotion was ___11__”可知，句子表示“这可能是你为自己的情感健康所能做的最好的事情之一”。故选A。
36．D 37．B 38．C 39．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，Flux剧团的August Schulenburg在阅读最近发表的一份报告时表示，“许多观看戏剧的人自己也参与了某种形式的业余戏剧”，他对业余艺术家和专业艺术家之间的分歧提出了质疑。
36．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“When professional arts organizations perceive their value under threat(当专业艺术机构意识到自己的价值受到威胁时)”可知，第一个they指代的是professional arts organizations；根据第二段的“Amateurs are pushed aside(业余爱好者被排挤到一边)”可知，第二个they指代的是amateurs。故选D。
37．推理判断题。根据第三段的“The professional artist must be among them and of them; the amateur must be an equal partner at the table.(专业的艺术家必须在他们中间和他们之中；业余选手在比赛桌上必须是平等的。)”可知，August Schulenburg同意的观点是剧院忽视业余观众是不明智的。故选B。
38．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Abigail Katz, a regular theater-goer, wonders whether theatres offer good value for money. She has written recently in a post at the Playgoer blog that much of the theatre “doesn’t do anything … doesn’t make me feel anything”.(Abigail Katz经常去剧院，她想知道剧院是否物有所值。她最近在Playgoer博客上的一篇文章中写道，剧院的大部分内容“没有任何作用……没有让我有任何感觉”。)”可知，第4段引用了Abigail Katz的话是为了指出剧院未能吸引观众。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“I believe what today’s potential arts audiences most want out of an arts event is the opportunity to co-author meaning. They don’t want the arts; they want the experience. They want to gain the cultural rights by forming and exchanging opinions that are valued in the community.(我相信，今天潜在的艺术观众最希望从艺术活动中得到的是共同表达意义的机会。他们不想要艺术;他们想要体验。他们希望通过形成和交换在社区中有价值的意见来获得文化权利。)”可知，剧院应该把观众的参与感放在第一位。故选A。
40．A 41．C 42．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是卡塔尔花费大量精力打造的高科技草皮的一些事实。
40．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Qatar, a desert nation, had three main challenges: water, air and light. It got almost every condition going against it.(卡塔尔是一个沙漠国家，面临着三大挑战:水、空气和光线。几乎所有的条件都对它不利。)”，倒数第二段的“Qatar identified pitch (球场) quality as a particular issue and set up the Aspire Sport Turf Research and Development Centre to find the best types of grass for use in the harsh climate, testing 24 different varieties. Eventually, Atlas Turf’s grass was chosen as much for its appearance as its tolerance for the tough conditions Qatar faces.(卡塔尔认为球场质量是一个特别的问题，并建立了Aspire运动草坪研发中心，以寻找适合恶劣气候的最佳草种，测试了24种不同的草种。最终，Atlas Turf的草被选中，不仅是因为它的外观，还因为它对卡塔尔面临的艰苦条件的耐受力。)”及图画中的“Technology in the grass(草里的科技)”可知，从文章中我们可以了解到卡塔尔不利于草生长的条件，草坪的供应商，卡塔尔为选择最合适的草坪所做的努力和制作草皮所涉及的技术，即①③④⑤，故选A。
41．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Eventually, Atlas Turf’s grass was chosen as much for its appearance as its tolerance for the tough conditions Qatar faces.(最终，Atlas Turf的草被选中，不仅是因为它的外观，还因为它对卡塔尔面临的艰苦条件的耐受力。)”和第二段的“Because of the desert sun, Qatar’s stadiums were built for maximum shade—great for preventing heatstroke, but less ideal for photosynthesis (光合作用).(由于沙漠的阳光，卡塔尔的体育场都是为了最大程度的遮阳而建造的——这对防止中暑很有帮助，但对光合作用就不太理想了。)”可知，选择Atlas Turf的草可能是因为它是耐阴的，故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据图中的文字“Artificial threads: They are sewn 18 centimeters deep into the natural turf, which enables faster recovery of the turf.(人工线：在天然草皮上缝18厘米深，可以更快地恢复草皮。)”可知，草皮的损坏可以很快恢复。故选B。
43．B 44．D 45．A 46．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是荷兰夫妇创建浮动农场的由来及其发展的必要性，并在其影响下开发新的可持续发展的农业项目。
43．细节理解题。根据首段中的“In addition to helping nourish (滋养) the local community, the waterborne farm is playing a part in the global conversation about how the climate crisis is pushing farmers to reconsider how—and where—they produce food. 除了帮助滋养当地社区，这家水上农场还在全球讨论中发挥着作用，讨论气候危机如何促使农民重新考虑如何以及在哪里生产粮食。)”可知，该项目引发了全球气候危机情况下，如何以及在哪里生产食物的讨论，由此可知，该水上农场是气候危机时代新型农业的典范。故选B项。
44．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Everything from office buildings to entire neighborhoods are built on water in the city, which is 90% below sea level. The Wingerdens’ Floating Farm was a new but necessary attempt. Should a weather crisis arise, a waterborne farm isn’t necessarily stuck in place.(从办公楼到整个社区，这座城市的一切都建在水面上，而这座城市的海平面低于90%。翁格登夫妇的水上农场是一个新的但必要的尝试。如果出现天气危机，水上农场并不一定会被困在原地。)”可知，鹿特丹一切都建在低于海平面90%的水上，浮动农场是一个新的但必要的尝试，由此可知，水上设施对鹿特丹的未来是必要的。故选D项。
45．词义猜测题。根据尾段中的“cities need to have areas where you can say: OK, this is the experimental zone.” Because what Peter and his team are pulling off is of a different order than the typical sustainability measures. “We are not innovative,” he says.(城市需要有这样的区域，你可以说:好吧，这是试验区。”因为彼得和他的团队所采取的措施与典型的可持续发展措施的顺序不同。“我们缺乏创新，”他说。)”可知，在一块试验区，彼得和他的团队正在实施的与典型的可持续措施不同，他们所创建的已经超出了创新，由此可猜测，这是用一种大胆而又不寻常的方式的思考。故选A项。
46．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“The modernist structure houses 40 cows, who collectively produce some 200 gallons of milk a day. In addition to helping nourish (滋养) the local community, the waterborne farm is playing a part in the global conversation about how the climate crisis is pushing farmers to reconsider how—and where—they produce food.(这座现代主义建筑容纳了40头奶牛，它们每天总共生产大约200加仑的牛奶。除了帮助滋养当地社区，这家水上农场还在全球讨论中发挥着作用，讨论气候危机如何促使农民重新考虑如何以及在哪里生产粮食)”以及全文对浮动农场的讨论可知，浮动农场除了滋养着当地的社区，还引发了全球对气候危机农业何去何从的讨论，所以“海上奶牛是农业的未来吗”以问题的形式表明本文对水上农场的讨论，且概括了文章的主题。故选C项。
47．C 48．A 49．E 50．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡前仪式以及它的重要性。
47．上文“At the end of a long day, you might want to collapse in front of the TV and watch an episode of your favorite show.”（在漫长的一天结束时，你可能想瘫在电视机前看一集你最喜欢的节目。）说明静止的放松方式。下文“Settling down with a cup of lemon tea or reading a book can tell your body it’s time to sleep.”（坐下来喝一杯柠檬茶或读一本书可以告诉你的身体是时候睡觉了。）说明睡前的具体的活动。故可推知空格处为睡前建议做一些活动。结合选项，C项But engaging in some bedtime activities could actually help you sleep better.（但在睡前做一些活动实际上可以帮助你睡得更好。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选C项。
48．上文“If your current habits don’t support good sleep, a bedtime ritual can help you make necessary changes.”（如果你现在的习惯不支持良好的睡眠，睡前仪式可以帮助你做出必要的改变。）可知，睡前仪式的作用。结合选项，A项Bedtime rituals can also help you reduce anxiety.（睡前仪式也可以帮助你减少焦虑。）也是讲的关于睡前仪式的作用，与上文意思一致，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
49．由该空格处位于段落句首可知，为总结该段内容或与下文内容相关。该段下文“Consider trying several bedtime rituals before settling on a consistent routine. What’s important is figuring out what works for you. Start out with two or three activities according to your needs and preferences.”（在确定一个固定的作息时间之前，可以考虑尝试几个睡前仪式。重要的是弄清楚什么适合你。根据你的需要和喜好，从两到三个活动开始。）可知，本段讲的是根据你的需要和喜好确定一个睡前仪式，即没有一个固定的模式。结合选项，E项There’s no fixed format for the perfect bedtime ritual.（完美的睡前仪式没有固定的模式。）为总结该段内容。故选E项。
50．根据上文“Whether your bedtime ritual takes place in bed or somewhere else, make sure your environment is relaxing. Wear comfortable clothes or pajamas, curl up under a cozy blanket, and keep the lights low.”（无论你的睡前仪式是在床上还是在其他地方，确保你的环境是放松的。穿上舒适的衣服或睡衣，蜷缩在舒适的毯子下，把灯光调暗。）可知，讲的是睡前的准备过程。结合选项D项Then when the time comes to fall asleep, you’ll be ready.（然后当你要入睡的时候，你就准备好了。）可知，为上文内容的语意递进，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
51．Beijing will open more museums this year. With the popularity of museums, there has been increasing participation among teenagers. The number of teenagers who visit increases each year. To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers. Besides, some museums also create online websites for teenagers. (57 words)
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍说，中国首都北京今年将再开一批博物馆。作为世界上最受欢迎的旅游景点之一，故宫博物院新分院的建设也拉开了序幕，在过去的几年里，随着博物馆热的日益高涨，中国的青少年越来越热衷于探索博物馆，在那里他们可以沉浸在现代科技和过去的文化中，为了吸引年轻游客，许多博物馆正在开展更多的线下活动，推出青少年专馆或创建青少年网站。
【详解】1 要点摘录：
①China’s capital, Beijing, is going to open another batch (一批) of museums this year.
②As the museum craze has grown stronger in the past few years, teenagers in China have become more involved in exploring museums, where they can immerse (沉浸) themselves in modern technology as well as culture from the past. According to Educator magazine, visits by teenagers to museums each year increased from 220 million to 290 million in the past 5 years.
③To draw younger visitors, many museums are creating more offline activities for the purpose of spreading Chinese culture.
④Apart from the activities, some museums even open branches especially designed for teenagers.
⑤Besides these offline approaches, a number of museums have also created official websites for teenagers, the Palace Museum in particular.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、5三个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Beijing will open more museums this year. With the popularity of museums, there has been increasing participation among teenagers. The number of teenagers who visit increases each year. To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers. Besides, some museums also create online websites for teenagers.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The number of teenagers who visit increases each year.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第二段进行了概括。其中who引导的定语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2] To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers.用that引导限制性定语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
52．Please help yourself to the sauces and snacks here.
【详解】考查祈使句和固定短语。“随意取用某物”是固定短语help yourself to sth.，“这里是调料和零食”是the sauces and snacks here，句子用祈使句，“请”是please，其后用动词原形，因此整句话翻译为“Please help yourself to the sauces and snacks here”。故答案为Please help yourself to the sauces and snacks here.
53．Don’t you see he is a man whose words contradict themselves/whose words conflict with one another/whose words are not consistent/whose words don’t correspond with one another?
【详解】考查动词时态，短语和定语从句。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，“你难道没看出来吗”是反问句，译为“don’t you...?”，“看出来”使用动词see，“他是个出尔反尔的人”译为一个宾语从句he is a man whose words contradict themselves，作动词see的宾语，其中whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词man，宾语从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导，that可省略，故翻译为：Don’t you see he is a man whose words contradict themselves/whose words conflict with one another/whose words are not consistent/whose words don’t correspond with one another?。
54．The wristband is said to integrate a number of payment options, providing safe and convenient shopping experiences for consumers.
【详解】考查固定句型和非谓语动词。根据提示，该主句使用“be said to”结构作谓语，意为“据说”；根据句意，表示“这款手环”应为the wristband作主语，表示“融入多种支付方式”应为integrate a number of payment options，所以主句译为the wristband is said to integrate a number of payment options，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“为消费者提供安全便捷的购物体验”作状语，逻辑主语是“手环”，所以表示“为某人提供某物”应为provide sth. for sb.，表示“安全便捷的购物体验”应为safe and convenient shopping experiences 作provide的宾语，表示“消费者”应为customers，所以“为消费者提供安全便捷的购物体验”应为providing safe and convenient shopping experiences for consumers，且provide与句子主语之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词短语作状语，所以状语部分翻译为providing safe and convenient shopping experiences for consumers置于句子之后，用“，”与句子隔开。故翻译为The wristband is said to integrate a number of payment options, providing safe and convenient shopping experiences for consumers.。
55．The cultivation/development of top innovative talents in basic/fundamental disciplines/subjects is concerned with the independence/self-reliance of science and technology of our nation, which has significant/important/considerable strategic meaning/implications.
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。“基础学科拔尖创新人才的培养”翻译为the cultivation/development of top innovative talents in basic/fundamental disciplines/subjects，在句中作主语。“事关”用短语be concerned with；“民族科技自立”翻译为the independence/self-reliance of science and technology of our nation，在句中作宾语。指代前面的一件事，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句。“重大的战略意义”翻译为significant/important/considerable strategic meaning/implications。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为The cultivation/development of top innovative talents in basic/fundamental disciplines/subjects is concerned with the independence/self-reliance of science and technology of our nation, which has significant/important/considerable strategic meaning/implications.
56．Dear Wang Lei,
I’m sorry to hear that you turned down my proposal of visiting National Treasure Exhibition. This exhibition has displayed the national treasures of the mainland and Taiwan, which is a valuable opportunity.
A lot of famous Chinese traditional painting by top artists will be exhibited there. You can see some famous painters drawing Chinese paintings on the spot, which I think, will certainly attract the visitors’ eyes. I think you can learn more about traditional culture through this exhibition and further enhance your understanding of China. Besides, as the saying goes, all work and no play makes jack a dull boy, so you can relieve yourself from the heavy study loads from this.
Again, I sincerely invite you to go to the exhibition with me. I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Ming
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是李明，你得知美术馆将要举办“国宝展”，邀请好友王磊周末同往。但王磊担心参观耗时太长，影响课业复习，婉拒了你的邀请。写一封电子邮件给王磊。
【详解】1.词汇积累
拒绝：turn down→refuse
宝贵的：valuable→precious
机会：opportunity→chance
加强：enhance→strengthen
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：I think you can learn more about traditional culture through this exhibition and further enhance your understanding of China.
拓展句：I think you can learn more about traditional culture through this exhibition, which further enhance your understanding of China.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m sorry to hear that you turned down my proposal of visiting National Treasure Exhibition. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Besides, as the saying goes, all work and no play makes jack a dull boy, so you can relieve yourself from the heavy study loads from this. (运用了as引导非限制性定语从句)
2023届上海市嘉定区高三下学期二模英语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Understanding Your Loved Ones
Eight months after my father died, I saw some letters on top of my mother’s coffee table. They were written decades ago ___1___ my father’s neat handwriting. I couldn’t imagine my serious father ever ___2___ (write) anything like love letters.
“Would you like me to read them to you?” Mom asked with a hint of a smile. The letters ___3___ (address) to my mother in 1974 over the course of a month when my father traveled back to Italy to care for his sick mother, leaving his wife and me behind in Toronto, ___4___ my parents had immigrated to in 1956.
I sat back and listened while my mother read his letters to me, and thought, “Who is this guy?” My father was proud and stubborn (固执的), and he married a woman who was his equal in that regard. During their 58-year marriage, their stubbornness often ___5___ (lead) to conflict. So it was bittersweet to hear my father’s youthful words ___6___ (read) aloud by my elderly mother with a sad tone. I knew she was thinking about what could have been different if she had been ___7___ (proud).
As children, we often assume we know ___8___ about our parents. But, sometimes, we find out that they were and are people with various dimensions. After she finished reading the letters, I held them in my hands and examined them like they were fossils (化石). A man of few words ___9___ my father was, he had filled the front and back of several pages.
These letters are only part of their correspondence. My mother also wrote back to my father. I begged her to read them to me, but she only smiled. I don’t want to enter her heart’s most sacred place uninvited unless she wishes ____10____ (listen) to. But she has assured me that one day she will share them with me.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A．conventional B．tolerable C．layer D．stranded E. pile F. insightful
G. difference H. placed I. hazards J. anchor K. rays
Inspired by Arctic LifePolar bears are warm-blooded animals with heavy fat and fur that can survive in freezing Arctic temperatures. A team of students from the Royal Danish Academy, inspired by polar bears, designed a pop-up igloo (弹出式冰屋)—an emergency tent that might make survival in sub-zero areas much more ___11___.
Led by Henry Glogau, the team said that their design can help those lost or ___12___ in extreme conditions. With little visibility and no phone coverage, people may face severe ___13___ while waiting for rescue in cold polar areas. Rather than fight against the extreme conditions, the team looked to use them to its advantage. “Inspired by snow caves and the ___14___ winter-used tents, we treat snow as a building material rather than a burden,” the team told Vigour Times website.
The pop-up igloo adopts a mylar (聚酯薄膜) material, which works similarly to polar bears’ skin. Besides their thick fat and fur, polar bears have black skin underneath, which is ideal for absorbing ___15___ from the Arctic sun. In the same way, the mylar material reflects heat into the area within the tent to keep people feeling comfortable. The pop-up igloo also features an origami-like (像折纸的) design, which helps to trap the snow and ___16___ the tent. The origami pockets create areas where snow can ___17___ up on the outside. It prevents heat from escaping from the tent, while holding the tent to the ground. This adds another protective ___18___to everything inside.
To check its capabilities and limits, the team put the design through intensive testing for one month in Alaska. The analysis indicates that an average 37°C ___19___ in temperature between indoors and outdoors could be maintained. In the future, the pop-up igloos could be ____20____ along hiking routes in cold areas like the Arctic, where they could be set up in seconds when needed.
三、完形填空
Has someone ever told you something that made you doubt your own memory or judgment? If so, you may be a ___21___ of gaslighting. “Gaslighting” is a kind of psychological abuse to gain ___22___ over others by purposely making other people think they’re wrong even when they’re right. The term comes from Patrick Hamilton’s play in 1938. Lead character Jack Manningham seeks to convince his wife Bella that she is ___23___, by saying she is imagining the dimming (变暗) of the gas light in their home, when it was actually he who lowered the brightness of the light.
Gaslighting is initially used to talk about what happens in romantic relationships. However, many individuals also experience gaslighting at work. ___24___, a recent survey has found that 58% of the respondents said they have experienced gaslighting at work. It’s ___25___ since gaslighting usually involves a power relationship and a need to control others. In the workplace, the ___26___ between a boss and his employee can be the perfect breeding (滋生的) ground for this type of behavior. Your boss might tell you to handle an assignment in a certain way, but when you do, he gets ___27___ and says it wasn’t what he wanted. It makes you feel like your memory is ___28___. In other situations, your boss may exclude you from a meeting ___29___ and when you ask him about it, he might accuse you of being too sensitive instead of answering your question directly.
In order to find out whether your boss’s behavior really ___30___ gaslighting or he is just a poor communicator, you could write down your experiences and ask yourself what really happened, what his motives might have been, and how your emotion was ___31___. But always be careful because gaslighters know how to fly under the radar (雷达). They are skilled at weakening an employee’s confidence and sense of reality in a clever and ___32___ way.
To protect yourself, at the end of the conversation with your boss, repeat back what you heard and follow up with an e-mail restating the main points, ___33___ the interactions between you two. But don’t get your hopes high that this will automatically solve the problem, Robin Stern, author of The Gaslight Effect, warns, because it’s hard to get a gaslighter to ___34___ his behavior pattern. If things don’t improve, you may want to consider getting out of the gaslighting situation by looking for a new position. It may be one of the best things you can do for your ___35___ well-being.
21．A．creator B．victim C．host D．scholar
22．A．power B．wealth C．support D．experience
23．A．having fun B．feeling angry C．going crazy D．becoming younger
24．A．By comparison B．Worse still C．After all D．In fact
25．A．unsurprising B．irrelevant C．unnecessary D．improper
26．A．harmonies B．dynamics C．phases D．replacements
27．A．annoyed B．interested C．frightened D．excited
28．A．visual B．painful C．faulty D．lasting
29．A．at random B．for sure C．in time D．on purpose
30．A．recommends B．constitutes C．escapes D．discovers
31．A．facilitated B．affected C．represented D．monitored
32．A．hard-to-prove B．easy-to-spot C．safe-to-learn D．tough-to-survive
33．A．interrupting B．overcoming C．abandoning D．documenting
34．A．submit B．attain C．change D．forgive
35．A．emotional B．physical C．virtual D．economic
四、阅读理解
What’s wrong with being an amateur? While reading a recently published report saying “many people who attend plays are themselves involved in a form of amateur drama”, August Schulenburg of the Flux Theatre Ensemble questioned the divide between amateurs and professional artists.
One reason for the barrier, he suggests, is fear. “When professional arts organizations perceive their value under threat, they must draw rigid lines to protect it. Amateurs are pushed aside out of fear that they will somehow endanger the professional brands.”
But for Schulenburg, it’s an outmoded attitude towards amateurs. “The professional artist must be among them and of them; the amateur must be an equal partner at the table.” It sounds a lot like he is advocating the kind of large-scale community work. If so, he might have a point.
The importance of forming a community rather than a passive audience is something Douglas MacLennan also picked up on recently over a blog. In a post headlined “Pay attention! If selling tickets is your business model, you’ve got a problem”, he argues that theatres and other arts institutions will only survive if they “build community rather than audience”. The idea is that you give the public reasons to engage with your company, you build loyalty so that their support is more than just a consumer transaction (交易). Abigail Katz, a regular theater-goer, wonders whether theatres offer good value for money. She has written recently in a post at the Playgoer blog that much of the theatre “doesn’t do anything … doesn’t make me feel anything”.
Lynn Conner, one author of the report, also mentioned “I believe what today’s potential arts audiences most want out of an arts event is the opportunity to co-author meaning. They don’t want the arts; they want the experience. They want to gain the cultural rights by forming and exchanging opinions that are valued in the community.”
36．What do the two underlined pronouns “they” respectively refer to?
A．rigid lines; professional brands B．amateurs; professional arts organizations
C．professional brands; rigid lines D．professional arts organizations; amateurs
37．Which of the following does August Schulenburg agree with?
A．Rigid lines must be drawn to protect professional arts.
B．It is unwise for theatres to overlook amateur audience.
C．Theatres must produce serious plays to attract the audience.
D．The artists should dine together with the amateurs at the table.
38．In paragraph 4, the words of Abigail Katz are cited __________.
A．to highlight the necessity of surveying customers’ feelings
B．to emphasize the importance of advertising through blogs
C．to indicate the failure of theatres to engage the audience
D．to complain about the high price of the theatre plays
39．According to this passage, theatres should put ____________ first.
A．the audience’s sense of participation B．the quality of professional plays
C．the actors’ personal experiences D．the control of cultural rights
The 2022 World Cup has come to an end. Let’s review some facts about the hi-tech turf (草皮) that Qatar had spent much of its energy on.
Qatar, a desert nation, had three main challenges: water, air and light. It got almost every condition going against it. The water used to irrigate (灌溉) the grass is low quality, mainly treated seawater. Because of the desert sun, Qatar’s stadiums were built for maximum shade—great for preventing heatstroke, but less ideal for photosynthesis (光合作用). Inside the nearly-closed stadiums, there’s very little air movement.
Qatar identified pitch (球场) quality as a particular issue and set up the Aspire Sport Turf Research and Development Centre to find the best types of grass for use in the harsh climate, testing 24 different varieties. Eventually, Atlas Turf’s grass was chosen as much for its appearance as its tolerance for the tough conditions Qatar faces.
The following pictures show some tech facts about the turf, which ensures a consistent and durable surface for the players in all weather conditions.
40．What information can we learn from the passage?
① the conditions against grass growing in Qatar
② the material the stadiums were built with
③ the supplier of the turf grass
④ the efforts Qatar made to select the most suitable grass
⑤ the technology involved in making the turf
⑥ the tough challenges facing the football players
A．①③④⑤ B．①③⑤⑥ C．②③④⑤ D．②④⑤⑥
41．Atlas Turf’s grass is chosen probably because _____________.
A．it has very little air movement B．it becomes rough in windy weather
C．it is shade-tolerant D．it appears to have a golden color
42．Which of the following is TRUE about the turf?
A．24 types of grass have been planted on the turf.
B．Damage to the turf can be recovered quickly.
C．Artificial grass covers 70 percent of the turf.
D．Water can be saved at the bottom of the turf.
Peter and Minke van Wingerden have created something wild: a herd of cows floating on the sea. The Dutch husband-and-wife team’s experiment on sustainable agriculture, called Floating Farm, can be found in the port of Rotterdam. The modernist structure houses 40 cows, who collectively produce some 200 gallons of milk a day. In addition to helping nourish (滋养) the local community, the waterborne farm is playing a part in the global conversation about how the climate crisis is pushing farmers to reconsider how—and where—they produce food.
Floods, extreme heating, droughts and even rising night temperatures have sent the food system off balance. The race to outsmart the constant attack of extreme weather has made the world of farming unrecognizable from what it was only decades ago. A team of scientists in Mexico is developing wheat types that can adapt themselves to different climates, while Jack’s Solar Garden in Longmont, Colorado, is a testbed for the emerging method of solar farming.
Rotterdam has already established itself as one of the most climate-adaptive places in the world. Everything from office buildings to entire neighborhoods are built on water in the city, which is 90% below sea level. The Wingerdens’ Floating Farm was a new but necessary attempt. Should a weather crisis arise, a waterborne farm isn’t necessarily stuck in place. A former property developer with a background in engineering, Peter found his inspiration for the Floating Farm in a climate disaster in New York City, where Hurricane Sandy prevented the delivery of fresh food to millions.
The Wingerdens’ model is ripe for reproduction—which is exactly what the Floating Farm’s team of 14 are working on now. Plans are under way for a floating vegetable farm to move into the space next to the current Floating Farm. Permit applications are also out for similar structures in Dubai, Singapore and the Dutch cities of Haarlem and Arnhem.
The new projects will apply lessons learned from Floating Farm. “You need to build a house in order to know how to build a house,” Peter says. The biggest obstacles he sees ahead, however, are not financial or physical, but rather political and administrative. “One of the biggest challenges we come across worldwide is regulations. Cities need to have disruptive thinking, cities need to have disruptive departments, and cities need to have areas where you can say: OK, this is the experimental zone.” Because what Peter and his team are pulling off is of a different order than the typical sustainability measures. “We are not innovative,” he says. “We are disruptive.”
43．Which of the following is TRUE about the Floating Farm?
A．It is the first modern farming attempt to fight climate change.
B．It is a model of new agriculture in the age of climate crisis.
C．It has outsmarted other forms of farming like solar farming.
D．It copies a similar structure in Dubai ready for reproduction.
44．It can be inferred from the passage that ___________.
A．90% of the population in Rotterdam live below the sea level
B．The New York City is working hard to fight climate change
C．The local community will not be fed without new farming
D．Waterborne facilities are necessary to the future of Rotterdam
45．The phrase “disruptive thinking” in the last paragraph means “thinking __________”.
A．in a daring and unusual way B．in a focused and logical way
C．in a careful and detailed way D．in a rude and unpleasant way
46．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．Is Rotterdam Built on Water?
B．Can Floating Farming Survive?
C．Are Cows at Sea the Future of Farming?
D．Is Extreme Weather Affecting Agriculture?
五、六选四
Bedtime Rituals
At the end of a long day, you might want to collapse in front of the TV and watch an episode of your favorite show. _____47_____ Settling down with a cup of lemon tea or reading a book can tell your body it’s time to sleep. If you turn these activities into a ritual—that is, if you do them every night around the same time—you will be all the more likely to get the rest you need.
A bedtime ritual is important not only because it prepares you for sleep but also because it helps establish healthy sleep habits. If your current habits don’t support good sleep, a bedtime ritual can help you make necessary changes. _____48_____ Worry can make it hard to fall asleep at night, but for some people, anxiety at bedtime is common. Rituals can provide comfort by offering predictability and structure. Some rituals, such as journaling, might also relieve anxiety by giving the writer a fresh perspective or sense of meaning.
____49____ Consider trying several bedtime rituals before settling on a consistent routine. What’s important is figuring out what works for you. Start out with two or three activities according to your needs and preferences. If you enjoy exercise and movement, try yoga or gentle stretching. If you find comfort in order, create a to-do list for the next day. If classical music calms you, turn on some Bach or Mozart enjoying a bath.
Whether your bedtime ritual takes place in bed or somewhere else, make sure your environment is relaxing. Wear comfortable clothes or pajamas, curl up (蜷曲) under a cozy blanket, and keep the lights low. ______50______
A．Bedtime rituals can also help you reduce anxiety.
B．For adults, bedtime rituals typically last 30 minutes to an hour.
C．But engaging in some bedtime activities could actually help you sleep better.
D．Then when the time comes to fall asleep, you’ll be ready.
E．There’s no fixed format for the perfect bedtime ritual.
F．Evidence indicates that people who read a book in bed have better sleep quality.
六、概要写作
51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Museum Craze Involves More Teenagers
More museums are here waiting for you! China’s capital, Beijing, is going to open another batch (一批) of museums this year. The building of a new branch of the Palace Museum, one of the world’s most visited tourist attractions, kicked off as well.
As the museum craze has grown stronger in the past few years, teenagers in China have become more involved in exploring museums, where they can immerse (沉浸) themselves in modern technology as well as culture from the past. According to Educator magazine, visits by teenagers to museums each year increased from 220 million to 290 million in the past 5 years. Among the increasing numbers of museum visitors, many of them were teenagers accompanied by their families, reported Guangming Daily earlier this month.
To draw younger visitors, many museums are creating more offline activities for the purpose of spreading Chinese culture. They include artifact making, night visits, secret adventures, treasure evaluation, and some interesting courses. At the China Hangzhou Arts & Crafts Museum, for example, teenagers gathered around to make paper umbrellas during the Spring Festival holiday. With white gloves on and little spades in their hands, visitors in Henan province got to experience the daily work of archaeologists (考古学家). Apart from the activities, some museums even open branches especially designed for teenagers. A hall called Popular Agricultural Science for Young Visitors is a special branch launched by China Agricultural Museum. It is an exhibition hall that combines both visual and audio technology to involve teenagers in agriculture. Besides these offline approaches, a number of museums have also created official websites for teenagers, the Palace Museum in particular. Online visitors may go on an exciting adventure on the website in the style of a comic book.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
七、汉译英（整句）
52．这里是调料和零食，请随意取用。(help)(汉译英)
53．他是个出尔反尔的人，你难道没看出来吗？(whose) (汉译英)
54．据说这款手环将融入多种支付方式，为消费者提供安全便捷的购物体验。(be said to) (汉译英)
55．基础学科拔尖创新人才的培养，事关民族科技自立，具有重大的战略意义。(concern) (汉译英)
八、邀请信
56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是李明，你得知美术馆将要举办“国宝展”，邀请好友王磊周末同往。但王磊担心参观耗时太长，影响课业复习，婉拒了你的邀请。写一封电子邮件给王磊，在信中你必须：
1. 简要介绍此次“国宝展”；
2. 给出理由再次劝说王磊同往。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．in 2．writing 3．were addressed 4．which 5．led 6．read 7．less proud 8．everything 9．though##as 10．to be listened
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者通过母亲读父亲写给她的信时的情绪变化，明白了如何理解所爱的人。
1．考查介词。句意：这些信是几十年前我父亲工整的笔迹写的。分析句子结构可知，此处为介词与空后的名词短语构成介宾短语，结合句意可知，此处与writing搭配的“用”应为介词in。故填in。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：我无法想象我严肃的父亲会写情书之类的东西。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作宾语，imagine后应为动名词复合结构作宾语，my serious father是动名词的逻辑主语，两者为主动关系。故填writing。
3．考查谓语动词。句意：这些信是1974年写给我母亲的，当时父亲回到意大利照顾他生病的母亲，把妻子和我留在了多伦多，我的父母1956年移民到多伦多。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语in 1974可知，此处使用一般过去时态，且address与句子主语之间为被动关系，主语为复数名词。故填were addressed。
4．考查定语从句。句意：这些信是1974年写给我母亲的，当时父亲回到意大利照顾他生病的母亲，把妻子和我留在了多伦多，我的父母1956年移民到多伦多。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少介词to的宾语，先行词为Toronto指物。故填which。
5．考查谓语动词。句意：在他们58年的婚姻中，他们的固执经常导致冲突。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语During their 58-year marriage可知，此处应使用一般过去时态，且与主语之间为主动关系。故填led。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：所以，当我年迈的母亲用悲伤的语调大声朗读父亲年轻时的话语时，我感到苦乐参半。分析句子结构可知，此处为“hear+宾语+宾补”结构，read与宾语my father’s youthful words之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填read。
7．考查形容词。句意：我知道她在想，如果她不那么骄傲，会有什么不同。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作表语，结合句意可知，此处指的是母亲觉得要是自己不那么的骄傲的话，情况可能会不一样了，所以此处是与过去自己的骄傲相比较，应使用比较级，且意义相反。故填less proud。
8．考查代词。句意：作为孩子，我们经常认为我们对父母的一切都很了解。分析句子结构可知，此处应为代词作宾语，结合下文中的“But, sometimes, we find out that they were and are people with various dimensions.”可知，此处指的是“孩子们觉得自己理解父母的一切”，所以此处应为“一切”。故填everything。
9．考查连词。句意：尽管我父亲是一个沉默寡言的人，他写满了好几页书的正反面。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的状语从句，且句子结构倒装，应为as或者though引导的让步状语从句。故填though/as。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：我不想不请自来就进入她心中最神圣的地方除非她希望被倾听。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作宾语，根据固定用法wish to do sth.可知，此处应为不定式形式，且listen to与句子主语之间为被动关系，所以此处应为不定式的被动形式。故填to be listened。
11．B 12．D 13．I 14．A 15．K 16．J 17．E 18．C 19．G 20．H
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介丹麦皇家学院的一组学生受到北极熊的启发，设计了一个弹出式冰屋，这是一种应急帐篷，可以让人们在零度以下的地区生存得更容易。
11．考查形容词。句意：丹麦皇家学院的一组学生受到北极熊的启发，设计了一个弹出式冰屋，这是一种应急帐篷，可以让人们在零度以下的地区生存得更容易。结合句意表示“更容易”可知应填形容词tolerable，作宾补。故填tolerable。故选B。
12．考查动词。句意：由Henry Glogau领导的团队表示，他们的设计可以帮助那些在极端条件下迷路或被困的人。结合句意表示“困住”可知应填动词strand，与those构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填stranded。故选D。
13．考查名词。句意：在寒冷的极地地区，能见度低，没有电话信号，人们在等待救援时可能会面临严重的危险。结合句意表示“危险”可知应填名词hazard，前文没有冠词故用复数形式。故填hazards。故选I。
14．考查形容词。句意：该团队在接受《活力时报》网站采访时表示：“受雪洞和传统冬季帐篷的启发，我们把雪当作建筑材料，而不是负担。”结合句意表示“传统”可知应填形容词conventional，作定语。故填conventional。故选A。
15．考查名词。句意：除了厚厚的脂肪和皮毛，北极熊的皮下还有黑色的皮肤，这是吸收北极阳光的理想条件。结合句意表示“阳光”可知应填名词ray，前文没有冠词故用复数形式。故填rays。故选K。
16．考查动词。句意：弹出式冰屋还具有折纸般的设计，有助于留住雪并固定帐篷。结合句意表示“固定”可知应填动词anchor，且为短语help to do sth.。故填anchor。故选J。
17．考查动词。句意：折纸袋在外面创造了可以堆积雪的区域。结合句意表示“堆积”可知应填动词pile，can后跟动词原形。故填pile。故选E。
18．考查名词。句意：这给里面的东西又增加了一层保护层。结合句意表示“层”可知应填名词layer，another后跟单数名词。故填layer。故选C。
19．考查名词。句意：分析表明，室内与室外的平均温差可维持在37℃。结合句意表示“温差”可知应填名词difference，作主语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填difference。故选G。
20．考查动词。句意：在未来，弹出式冰屋可以被放置在像北极这样寒冷地区的徒步旅行路线上，在需要的时候，它们可以在几秒钟内设置好。结合句意表示“放置”可知应填动词place，与主语构成被动关系。故填placed。故选H。
21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．D 30．B 31．B 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是煤气灯效应和员工该如何保护自己免受这种效应的影响。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样，你可能是煤气灯的受害者。A. creator创造者；B. victim受害者；C. host主人；D. scholar学者。根据上文“someone ever told you something that made you doubt your own memory or judgment”可知，句子表示“你可能是煤气灯的受害者”。故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Gaslighting 是一种心理虐待，目的是故意让别人认为自己是错的，即使他们是对的。A. power力量；B. wealth财富；C. support支持；D. experience经历。根据下文“purposely making other people think they’re wrong even when they’re right”可知，句子表示“Gaslighting 是一种心理虐待，目的是故意让别人认为自己是错的，即使他们是对的”，gain power over sb.意为“征服某人”。故选A。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：主角Jack Manningham试图说服他的妻子贝拉相信她疯了，他说她是在想象他们家的煤气灯变暗，而实际上是他调低了灯的亮度。A. having fun玩得开心；B. feeling angry感到生气；C. going crazy发疯；D. becoming younger变得更年轻。根据下文“saying she is imagining the dimming (变暗) of the gas light in their home, when it was actually he who lowered the brightness of the light”可知，主角Jack Manningham试图说服他的妻子贝拉相信她疯了。故选C。
24．考查固定短语辨析。句意：事实上，最近的一项调查发现，58%的受访者表示他们在工作中经历过煤气灯效应。A. By comparison相比之下；B. Worse still更糟糕的是；C. After all毕竟；D. In fact事实上。根据下文“a recent survey has found that 58% of the respondents said they have experienced gaslighting at work”可知，句子表示“事实上，最近的一项调查发现，58%的受访者表示他们在工作中经历过煤气灯照明”。故选D。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这并不奇怪，因为煤气灯照明通常涉及权力关系和控制他人的需要。A. unsurprising不足为奇的；B. irrelevant不相关的；C. unnecessary不必要的；D. improper不适当的。根据下文“since gaslighting usually involves a power relationship and a need to control others”可知，在工作中经历过煤气灯效应是不足为奇的。故选A。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在工作场所，老板和员工之间的动态关系可能是这种行为的完美滋生地。A. harmonies和谐；B. dynamics动态；C. phases短语；D. replacements替代。根据下文“between a boss and his employee”可知，此处指“老板和员工之间的动态关系”。故选B。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你的老板可能会告诉你用某种方式处理一项任务，但当你这样做时，他会很生气，说这不是他想要的。A. annoyed生气的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. frightened害怕的；D. excited激动的。根据下文“says it wasn’t what he wanted”可知，句子表示“你的老板可能会告诉你用某种方式处理一项任务，但当你这样做时，他会很生气，说这不是他想要的”。故选A。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让你觉得你的记忆是错误的。A. visual视觉的；B. painful痛苦的；C. faulty错误的；D. lasting持久的。根据上文“it wasn’t what he wanted”可知，句子表示“这让你觉得你的记忆是错误的”，故选C。
29．考查固定短语辨析。句意：在其他情况下，你的老板可能会故意把你排除在会议之外，当你问他这件事时，他可能会指责你太敏感，而不是直接回答你的问题。A. at random任意地；B. for sure毫无疑问地；C. in time及时；D. on purpose故意地。根据下文“when you ask him about it, he might accuse you of being too sensitive instead of answering your question directly”可知，句子表示“你的老板可能会故意把你排除在会议之外，当你问他这件事时，他可能会指责你太敏感，而不是直接回答你的问题”。故选D。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了煤气灯，还是他只是一个糟糕的沟通者，你可以写下你的经历，问问自己真实发生了什么，他的动机可能是什么，以及你的情绪是如何受到影响的。A. recommends推荐；B. constitutes构成；C. escapes逃跑；D. discovers发现。根据下文“gaslighting or he is just a poor communicator”可知，此处表示“为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了煤气灯，还是他只是一个糟糕的沟通者”。故选B。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了煤气灯，还是他只是一个糟糕的沟通者，你可以写下你的经历，问问自己真实发生了什么，他的动机可能是什么，以及你的情绪是如何受到影响的。A. facilitated促进，推动；B. affected影响；C. represented代表；D. monitored监控。根据上文“when you ask him about it, he might accuse you of being too sensitive instead of answering your question directly”可知，老板这么对待员工，员工的情绪肯定会受影响，此处表示“你的情绪是如何受到影响的”。故选B。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们擅长用一种巧妙而难以证明的方式削弱员工的信心和现实感。A. hard-to-prove难以证明的；B. easy-to-spot容易被发现的；C. safe-to-learn有把握学习的；D. tough-to-survive难以存活的。根据下文“To protect yourself, at the end of the conversation with your boss, repeat back what you heard and follow up with an e-mail restating the main points”可知，老板擅长用一种巧妙而难以证明的方式削弱员工的信心和现实感。故选A。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了保护自己，在与老板的谈话结束时，重复你听到的内容，然后发电子邮件重申要点，记录你们之间的互动。A. interrupting打断；B. overcoming克服；C. abandoning放弃；D. documenting记录。根据上文“repeat back what you heard and follow up with an e-mail restating the main points”可知，此处表示“在与老板的谈话结束时，重复你听到的内容，然后发电子邮件重申要点，记录你们之间的互动”。故选D。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过，《煤气灯效应》一书的作者Robin Stern警告说，不要对这样就能自动解决问题抱太大希望，因为要让一个煤气灯点燃者改变他的行为模式是很难的。A. submit提交；B. attain得到；C. change改变；D. forgive原谅。根据上文“don’t get your hopes high that this will automatically solve the problem”可知，句子表示“不要对这样就能自动解决问题抱太大希望，因为要让一个煤气灯点燃者改变他的行为模式是很难的”。故选C。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能是你为自己的情感健康所能做的最好的事情之一。A. emotional情绪的；B. physical物理的；C. virtual虚拟的；D. economic经济的。根据上文“how your emotion was ___11__”可知，句子表示“这可能是你为自己的情感健康所能做的最好的事情之一”。故选A。
36．D 37．B 38．C 39．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，Flux剧团的August Schulenburg在阅读最近发表的一份报告时表示，“许多观看戏剧的人自己也参与了某种形式的业余戏剧”，他对业余艺术家和专业艺术家之间的分歧提出了质疑。
36．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“When professional arts organizations perceive their value under threat(当专业艺术机构意识到自己的价值受到威胁时)”可知，第一个they指代的是professional arts organizations；根据第二段的“Amateurs are pushed aside(业余爱好者被排挤到一边)”可知，第二个they指代的是amateurs。故选D。
37．推理判断题。根据第三段的“The professional artist must be among them and of them; the amateur must be an equal partner at the table.(专业的艺术家必须在他们中间和他们之中；业余选手在比赛桌上必须是平等的。)”可知，August Schulenburg同意的观点是剧院忽视业余观众是不明智的。故选B。
38．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Abigail Katz, a regular theater-goer, wonders whether theatres offer good value for money. She has written recently in a post at the Playgoer blog that much of the theatre “doesn’t do anything … doesn’t make me feel anything”.(Abigail Katz经常去剧院，她想知道剧院是否物有所值。她最近在Playgoer博客上的一篇文章中写道，剧院的大部分内容“没有任何作用……没有让我有任何感觉”。)”可知，第4段引用了Abigail Katz的话是为了指出剧院未能吸引观众。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“I believe what today’s potential arts audiences most want out of an arts event is the opportunity to co-author meaning. They don’t want the arts; they want the experience. They want to gain the cultural rights by forming and exchanging opinions that are valued in the community.(我相信，今天潜在的艺术观众最希望从艺术活动中得到的是共同表达意义的机会。他们不想要艺术;他们想要体验。他们希望通过形成和交换在社区中有价值的意见来获得文化权利。)”可知，剧院应该把观众的参与感放在第一位。故选A。
40．A 41．C 42．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是卡塔尔花费大量精力打造的高科技草皮的一些事实。
40．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Qatar, a desert nation, had three main challenges: water, air and light. It got almost every condition going against it.(卡塔尔是一个沙漠国家，面临着三大挑战:水、空气和光线。几乎所有的条件都对它不利。)”，倒数第二段的“Qatar identified pitch (球场) quality as a particular issue and set up the Aspire Sport Turf Research and Development Centre to find the best types of grass for use in the harsh climate, testing 24 different varieties. Eventually, Atlas Turf’s grass was chosen as much for its appearance as its tolerance for the tough conditions Qatar faces.(卡塔尔认为球场质量是一个特别的问题，并建立了Aspire运动草坪研发中心，以寻找适合恶劣气候的最佳草种，测试了24种不同的草种。最终，Atlas Turf的草被选中，不仅是因为它的外观，还因为它对卡塔尔面临的艰苦条件的耐受力。)”及图画中的“Technology in the grass(草里的科技)”可知，从文章中我们可以了解到卡塔尔不利于草生长的条件，草坪的供应商，卡塔尔为选择最合适的草坪所做的努力和制作草皮所涉及的技术，即①③④⑤，故选A。
41．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Eventually, Atlas Turf’s grass was chosen as much for its appearance as its tolerance for the tough conditions Qatar faces.(最终，Atlas Turf的草被选中，不仅是因为它的外观，还因为它对卡塔尔面临的艰苦条件的耐受力。)”和第二段的“Because of the desert sun, Qatar’s stadiums were built for maximum shade—great for preventing heatstroke, but less ideal for photosynthesis (光合作用).(由于沙漠的阳光，卡塔尔的体育场都是为了最大程度的遮阳而建造的——这对防止中暑很有帮助，但对光合作用就不太理想了。)”可知，选择Atlas Turf的草可能是因为它是耐阴的，故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据图中的文字“Artificial threads: They are sewn 18 centimeters deep into the natural turf, which enables faster recovery of the turf.(人工线：在天然草皮上缝18厘米深，可以更快地恢复草皮。)”可知，草皮的损坏可以很快恢复。故选B。
43．B 44．D 45．A 46．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是荷兰夫妇创建浮动农场的由来及其发展的必要性，并在其影响下开发新的可持续发展的农业项目。
43．细节理解题。根据首段中的“In addition to helping nourish (滋养) the local community, the waterborne farm is playing a part in the global conversation about how the climate crisis is pushing farmers to reconsider how—and where—they produce food. 除了帮助滋养当地社区，这家水上农场还在全球讨论中发挥着作用，讨论气候危机如何促使农民重新考虑如何以及在哪里生产粮食。)”可知，该项目引发了全球气候危机情况下，如何以及在哪里生产食物的讨论，由此可知，该水上农场是气候危机时代新型农业的典范。故选B项。
44．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Everything from office buildings to entire neighborhoods are built on water in the city, which is 90% below sea level. The Wingerdens’ Floating Farm was a new but necessary attempt. Should a weather crisis arise, a waterborne farm isn’t necessarily stuck in place.(从办公楼到整个社区，这座城市的一切都建在水面上，而这座城市的海平面低于90%。翁格登夫妇的水上农场是一个新的但必要的尝试。如果出现天气危机，水上农场并不一定会被困在原地。)”可知，鹿特丹一切都建在低于海平面90%的水上，浮动农场是一个新的但必要的尝试，由此可知，水上设施对鹿特丹的未来是必要的。故选D项。
45．词义猜测题。根据尾段中的“cities need to have areas where you can say: OK, this is the experimental zone.” Because what Peter and his team are pulling off is of a different order than the typical sustainability measures. “We are not innovative,” he says.(城市需要有这样的区域，你可以说:好吧，这是试验区。”因为彼得和他的团队所采取的措施与典型的可持续发展措施的顺序不同。“我们缺乏创新，”他说。)”可知，在一块试验区，彼得和他的团队正在实施的与典型的可持续措施不同，他们所创建的已经超出了创新，由此可猜测，这是用一种大胆而又不寻常的方式的思考。故选A项。
46．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“The modernist structure houses 40 cows, who collectively produce some 200 gallons of milk a day. In addition to helping nourish (滋养) the local community, the waterborne farm is playing a part in the global conversation about how the climate crisis is pushing farmers to reconsider how—and where—they produce food.(这座现代主义建筑容纳了40头奶牛，它们每天总共生产大约200加仑的牛奶。除了帮助滋养当地社区，这家水上农场还在全球讨论中发挥着作用，讨论气候危机如何促使农民重新考虑如何以及在哪里生产粮食)”以及全文对浮动农场的讨论可知，浮动农场除了滋养着当地的社区，还引发了全球对气候危机农业何去何从的讨论，所以“海上奶牛是农业的未来吗”以问题的形式表明本文对水上农场的讨论，且概括了文章的主题。故选C项。
47．C 48．A 49．E 50．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡前仪式以及它的重要性。
47．上文“At the end of a long day, you might want to collapse in front of the TV and watch an episode of your favorite show.”（在漫长的一天结束时，你可能想瘫在电视机前看一集你最喜欢的节目。）说明静止的放松方式。下文“Settling down with a cup of lemon tea or reading a book can tell your body it’s time to sleep.”（坐下来喝一杯柠檬茶或读一本书可以告诉你的身体是时候睡觉了。）说明睡前的具体的活动。故可推知空格处为睡前建议做一些活动。结合选项，C项But engaging in some bedtime activities could actually help you sleep better.（但在睡前做一些活动实际上可以帮助你睡得更好。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选C项。
48．上文“If your current habits don’t support good sleep, a bedtime ritual can help you make necessary changes.”（如果你现在的习惯不支持良好的睡眠，睡前仪式可以帮助你做出必要的改变。）可知，睡前仪式的作用。结合选项，A项Bedtime rituals can also help you reduce anxiety.（睡前仪式也可以帮助你减少焦虑。）也是讲的关于睡前仪式的作用，与上文意思一致，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
49．由该空格处位于段落句首可知，为总结该段内容或与下文内容相关。该段下文“Consider trying several bedtime rituals before settling on a consistent routine. What’s important is figuring out what works for you. Start out with two or three activities according to your needs and preferences.”（在确定一个固定的作息时间之前，可以考虑尝试几个睡前仪式。重要的是弄清楚什么适合你。根据你的需要和喜好，从两到三个活动开始。）可知，本段讲的是根据你的需要和喜好确定一个睡前仪式，即没有一个固定的模式。结合选项，E项There’s no fixed format for the perfect bedtime ritual.（完美的睡前仪式没有固定的模式。）为总结该段内容。故选E项。
50．根据上文“Whether your bedtime ritual takes place in bed or somewhere else, make sure your environment is relaxing. Wear comfortable clothes or pajamas, curl up under a cozy blanket, and keep the lights low.”（无论你的睡前仪式是在床上还是在其他地方，确保你的环境是放松的。穿上舒适的衣服或睡衣，蜷缩在舒适的毯子下，把灯光调暗。）可知，讲的是睡前的准备过程。结合选项D项Then when the time comes to fall asleep, you’ll be ready.（然后当你要入睡的时候，你就准备好了。）可知，为上文内容的语意递进，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
51．Beijing will open more museums this year. With the popularity of museums, there has been increasing participation among teenagers. The number of teenagers who visit increases each year. To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers. Besides, some museums also create online websites for teenagers. (57 words)
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍说，中国首都北京今年将再开一批博物馆。作为世界上最受欢迎的旅游景点之一，故宫博物院新分院的建设也拉开了序幕，在过去的几年里，随着博物馆热的日益高涨，中国的青少年越来越热衷于探索博物馆，在那里他们可以沉浸在现代科技和过去的文化中，为了吸引年轻游客，许多博物馆正在开展更多的线下活动，推出青少年专馆或创建青少年网站。
【详解】1 要点摘录：
①China’s capital, Beijing, is going to open another batch (一批) of museums this year.
②As the museum craze has grown stronger in the past few years, teenagers in China have become more involved in exploring museums, where they can immerse (沉浸) themselves in modern technology as well as culture from the past. According to Educator magazine, visits by teenagers to museums each year increased from 220 million to 290 million in the past 5 years.
③To draw younger visitors, many museums are creating more offline activities for the purpose of spreading Chinese culture.
④Apart from the activities, some museums even open branches especially designed for teenagers.
⑤Besides these offline approaches, a number of museums have also created official websites for teenagers, the Palace Museum in particular.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、5三个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Beijing will open more museums this year. With the popularity of museums, there has been increasing participation among teenagers. The number of teenagers who visit increases each year. To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers. Besides, some museums also create online websites for teenagers.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The number of teenagers who visit increases each year.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第二段进行了概括。其中who引导的定语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2] To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers.用that引导限制性定语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
52．Please help yourself to the sauces and snacks here.
【详解】考查祈使句和固定短语。“随意取用某物”是固定短语help yourself to sth.，“这里是调料和零食”是the sauces and snacks here，句子用祈使句，“请”是please，其后用动词原形，因此整句话翻译为“Please help yourself to the sauces and snacks here”。故答案为Please help yourself to the sauces and snacks here.
53．Don’t you see he is a man whose words contradict themselves/whose words conflict with one another/whose words are not consistent/whose words don’t correspond with one another?
【详解】考查动词时态，短语和定语从句。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，“你难道没看出来吗”是反问句，译为“don’t you...?”，“看出来”使用动词see，“他是个出尔反尔的人”译为一个宾语从句he is a man whose words contradict themselves，作动词see的宾语，其中whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词man，宾语从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导，that可省略，故翻译为：Don’t you see he is a man whose words contradict themselves/whose words conflict with one another/whose words are not consistent/whose words don’t correspond with one another?。
54．The wristband is said to integrate a number of payment options, providing safe and convenient shopping experiences for consumers.
【详解】考查固定句型和非谓语动词。根据提示，该主句使用“be said to”结构作谓语，意为“据说”；根据句意，表示“这款手环”应为the wristband作主语，表示“融入多种支付方式”应为integrate a number of payment options，所以主句译为the wristband is said to integrate a number of payment options，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“为消费者提供安全便捷的购物体验”作状语，逻辑主语是“手环”，所以表示“为某人提供某物”应为provide sth. for sb.，表示“安全便捷的购物体验”应为safe and convenient shopping experiences 作provide的宾语，表示“消费者”应为customers，所以“为消费者提供安全便捷的购物体验”应为providing safe and convenient shopping experiences for consumers，且provide与句子主语之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词短语作状语，所以状语部分翻译为providing safe and convenient shopping experiences for consumers置于句子之后，用“，”与句子隔开。故翻译为The wristband is said to integrate a number of payment options, providing safe and convenient shopping experiences for consumers.。
55．The cultivation/development of top innovative talents in basic/fundamental disciplines/subjects is concerned with the independence/self-reliance of science and technology of our nation, which has significant/important/considerable strategic meaning/implications.
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。“基础学科拔尖创新人才的培养”翻译为the cultivation/development of top innovative talents in basic/fundamental disciplines/subjects，在句中作主语。“事关”用短语be concerned with；“民族科技自立”翻译为the independence/self-reliance of science and technology of our nation，在句中作宾语。指代前面的一件事，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句。“重大的战略意义”翻译为significant/important/considerable strategic meaning/implications。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为The cultivation/development of top innovative talents in basic/fundamental disciplines/subjects is concerned with the independence/self-reliance of science and technology of our nation, which has significant/important/considerable strategic meaning/implications.
56．Dear Wang Lei,
I’m sorry to hear that you turned down my proposal of visiting National Treasure Exhibition. This exhibition has displayed the national treasures of the mainland and Taiwan, which is a valuable opportunity.
A lot of famous Chinese traditional painting by top artists will be exhibited there. You can see some famous painters drawing Chinese paintings on the spot, which I think, will certainly attract the visitors’ eyes. I think you can learn more about traditional culture through this exhibition and further enhance your understanding of China. Besides, as the saying goes, all work and no play makes jack a dull boy, so you can relieve yourself from the heavy study loads from this.
Again, I sincerely invite you to go to the exhibition with me. I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Ming
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是李明，你得知美术馆将要举办“国宝展”，邀请好友王磊周末同往。但王磊担心参观耗时太长，影响课业复习，婉拒了你的邀请。写一封电子邮件给王磊。
【详解】1.词汇积累
拒绝：turn down→refuse
宝贵的：valuable→precious
机会：opportunity→chance
加强：enhance→strengthen
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：I think you can learn more about traditional culture through this exhibition and further enhance your understanding of China.
拓展句：I think you can learn more about traditional culture through this exhibition, which further enhance your understanding of China.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m sorry to hear that you turned down my proposal of visiting National Treasure Exhibition. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Besides, as the saying goes, all work and no play makes jack a dull boy, so you can relieve yourself from the heavy study loads from this. (运用了as引导非限制性定语从句)
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