2023年英语中考语法知识讲解--定语从句

定语从句讲解一、定语的作用与概念   用来修饰名词或代词的词（通常都在所修饰词的旁边）称为定语：1、There are few women workers in the factory.这个工厂女工很少。（形容词、名词作前置定语）2、I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情要告诉你。（形容词作后置定语）3、We have ten desks in the room.我们房间有十张书桌。（数词作前置定语）4、He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。（形容词作前置定语，动词不定式作后置定语）5、The boy playing the piano is my brother.颈弹钢琴的男孩是我的弟弟。（现在分词短语作后置定语）6、The dormitory built last year is for freshmen.去年盖的宿舍时为大一新生准备的。（过去分词短语作后置定语）  7.I know the girl who is in red.穿红色衣服的女孩我认识。（从句作定语）注意：定语是句子的成分，可以是形容词充当，也可以是介词短语、非谓语动词（to do/doing），也可以是从句充当。 二、定语从句的概念 连词  引导从句，跟在_____名______词或______代_______词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。通俗来讲，从句在整个句子中做定语，这个从句就叫做定语从句。 三、定语从句公式定语从句 =    先行词（名词/代词）   +   关系词   +   从句  .四、定语从句的引导词1. who引导的定语从句：who在从句中作主语或宾语,修饰的是人。I love singers who write their own music. He was a Ming dynasty explorer who/whom we Chinese people are proud of.2.whom引导的定语从句：whom在从句中作宾语,修饰的是人。He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 3.whose引导的定语从句：whose在从句中作定语,可以指人,也可以指物。代指 “人的” 或 “物的”，相当于形容词性物主代词。Do you know the girl whose father is a teacher? 4. which引导的定语从句：which在从句中作主语或作谓语动词和介词的宾语。Tiny computers which are inside patients' bodies can keep patients' hearts beating normally.The story which he told was very interesting. that引导的定语从句：that在从句中可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或作谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。that代指物，在定语从句中作主语，不能省略that代指物，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略Spaceships that used to be controlled by astronauts now mainly use electronic controls. It is important to master computer technology that we have to use in many fields today.which和that区别只能用which，不能用that的情况which 引导非限制性定语从句，可以修饰一个词。The school, which was built a hundred year ago, still stood in the earthquake. which 引导非限制性定语从句，可以修饰前面整个句子He gave me a book,which makes me very happy 五、如何判断定语从句的关系词  1. 判断 连词 引导从句是否在  名词/代词  之后；2.例句分析（1）限制性定语从句关系词的辨析先行词：物 / 作宾语     例1：This is the school _________ we visited last year.先行词：物 / 作主语    例2：It’s bad for health to hurry to move into a house ___ ____has new furniture in it.先行词：人 / 作主语     例3：He is an ordinary worker _____helps many poor children in China.先行词：人 / 作宾语     例4：This is the woman ____________I met yesterday.先行词：人 + 物 / 作主语、宾语    例5：I still remember the college and the teachers ___ ____ I visited years ago. 先行词：人或物，在后句当中做定语。    例6： I have known the girl _________father is a pilot for seven years.例7：The house _________ wall is yellow is my grandma’s.先行词：物（时间）/作状语（或先行词能通过一个介词才能加入后句）     例8：I will never forget these days _______ ______I stayed with you.先行词：物（原因）/作状语（或先行词能通过一个介词才能加入后句）     例9：Is this the reason ___________ you are late again? 先行词：物（地点）/作状语（或先行词能通过一个介词才能加入后句）     例10： I know a place _________we can have a big meal. （2）非限制性定语从句（简单来说就是先行词与定语从句之间由逗号隔开）例11：This novel, _____________ I have read three times, is very touching.例12：I like reading this novel,____________ is very touching and attracts many readers.例13：Jeff got a high mark in the exam, _____ ______made his family quite happy.例14：I know the man, __________I met in the street yesterday.    例15：I know the man, ___________ was a soldier when I met him for the first time.3.在定语从句中，只能用某个关系代词的特殊用法1.只能用that,不能用which的情况(1)     先行词是不定代词something,nothing,anything等。如：I want to do something (that) I enjoy. 我想做点我喜欢的事。(2)     先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰。如：The first thing that I learned will never be forgotten. 我永远不会忘记我学的第一件事。(3)     先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, much, no, some等修饰。如：I have read all the books that you gave me. 我已经读完了你给我的所有书。(4)     先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等词修饰。如：This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这就是我在找的钢笔。(5)     先行词既有人又有物时。如：They talked of things and people that they remembered. 他们聊了他们记得的人和事。2.只可用who和which引导定语从句的情况指人时,当先行词为everybody, anybody, everyone, anyone等时要用who,而不用that。如：Is there anyone who can answer this question? 有人能回答这个问题吗？当先行词为that, this, those或these等时,指人时用who,指物时用which。如：①Those who hadn’t bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall. 那些还没买着火车票的人挤在候车厅里。②What’s that which is under the desk? 书桌下面的那个是什么？  定语从句练习用恰当的关系代词填空。1. Du Fu is a great Chinese poet   who/that   has become popular with many people around the world.2. The book   whose   cover has a beautiful picture is Lily’s. 3. We’ll never forget those   who   lost their lives for our country.4. They are talking about the greatest inventions   that   have made a big difference to our daily lives.5. I like the songs   that/which   I can sing along with.6. They talked of things and people   that    they remembered.7. Who is the man   that   is talking to John?8. He was the person with   whom   I had discussed it.9. What’s that   which   is under the desk?10. I will never forget the day   when   we met for the first time.11. Is this the place   where   your father once lived?12. The reason   why   he was late for school was that he got up late.