2023年中考英语语法复习：常考情态动词的用法归纳

2023年初中英语语法：常考情态动词的用法归纳3

may与might用法要点完全归纳

1.表示允许

(1)表示请求允许(即请求别人允许自己做某事)，两者都可用，只是might表示的语气较委婉(但并不表示过去)。如:

May I come round in the morning?我早上来行吗?

I wonder if I might use your phone.不知可否用一下你的电话。

I'd like to ask a question if I may. 如果可以的话，我想提个问题。

(2)表示给予允许(即自己允许别人做某事)，只用能may而不能用might。如:

You may stop now. 你现在可以停下来了。

You may leave when you've finished.你做完以后就可以走。

You may not tell him this. 你不可以告诉他这件事。

体会以下对话的问句与答句:

A:May [Might]I stay?我可以留下吗?(表请求，可用两者)

B:Yes, you may.可以。(表允许，不能用 might)

注意，might 表示介许通常不表示过去，但是在间接引语(即宜语从句)中可以用作 may的过去式来转述已给予的介许。加:

She said that he might take her dictionary. 她说他可以拿她的词典去用。

2.表示推测

两者都可用，只是might 比 may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小(注意此时的might并不表过去)。在句型使用方面:may通常用干肯定句或否定陈述句，一般不用于疑问句(疑问句中用can，参见can)，而might则可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句。在用法方面注意以下几点:

(1)后接动词原形，表示对现在或将来的推测。如:

He may [might] be in his office now. 他现在说不定在办公室里。

Might he know the answer? 他可能知道答案吗?

(2)后接动词进行式，表示动作正在进行或将要发生。如:

They may [might] be going abroad next month. 他们可能在下个月出国。

Might he be waiting for us at the station?他会不会在车站等我们?

(3)后接动词完成式，表示对过去可能发生的事进行推测。如:

He may [might] have gone to have his hair cut.他可能理发去了。

She may [might] have read it in the papers. 她可能在报上已读到过此事。

注意，若不是单纯地对过去可能发生的事进行推测，而是表示以下用法，则只能用“might+完成式”，而不能用“may+完成式”:

①表示过去本来可能发生而实际上没有发生的情况，通常译为“本来可以”“本来可能”等。如:She felt horror at the thought of what might have happened.一想到之前可能会发生的事情她就感到害怕。

You were stupid to try climbing up there. You might have killed yourself.你从那儿往上吧，太蠢了，你可能会摔死的。

②表示过去本来有责任或义务应该做某事的，但实际上却没有做成，含有批评和责备的意味，通常译为“本来应该”“本来可以”等。

如:

You might have told us half an hour ago.你半个钟头前告诉我就好了。

You might have taken the trouble to tell me the meeting was put off.你本来可以费心告诉我一声会议推迟了的。

③用于虚拟条件句中谈论过去的情况时:

If you hadn't reminded me, I might have forgotten. 你如不提醒我，我可能就忘记了。

If we had taken the other road we might have arrived earlier.如果我们当时走了另一条路，就可能到得早一些。

3.用于 may [might](just)as well

意为“不妨”“还是……为好”等，用 might 比用 may 语气更委婉。如:

We may [might] (just) walk there. 我们不妨步行去。

There's nothing to do,so I may [might] as well go to bed. 既然没什么事可做，我还是去睡觉为好。

might as well有时还可用干指过去的情况或用干比较两个今人不愉快的情况。如:

Now that they were all there she might as well speak her mind.由于大家都在，她不妨把自己的想法都说出来。

This holiday isn't much fun we might as well be back home. 这个假日过得真没意思，我们还不如呆在家里。

4.正式场合或书面语中，may 可用来表示祝愿

May you be happy!祝你幸福!

May God bless you!原上帝保佑你!

would rather的用法注意

1.基本用法

would rather意为“宁愿,宁可”，后接动词原形。如:

I would rather stay here. 我宁原留在这里。

American young people would rather get advice from strangers.美国的年轻人宁可从陌生人那里获取咨询。

I would rather like a cup of tea. 我很想要一杯茶。

2. would rather... than 意为“宁愿…而不愿”

We would rather receive money than the usual gifts. 我们宁可接受钱而不希望受到通常的礼物。

I'd rather play tennis than swim. 我宁原打网球，不原游泳。

I would rather die than live in dishonor.我宁死而不受辱苟活。

I would rather stay at home than go out to play. 我宁愿呆在家里，不想出去玩。

3. would rather 的否定式

通常将not置于would rather之后。如:

I'd rather not say anything. 我宁愿什么也不说。

4. would rather 的疑问式

通常将would置于主语之前。如:

Would you rather work on a farm? 你宁原在农场工作吗 ?

Which would you rather have. rice or noodles? 你是想吃米饭呀，还是吃面条?

准情态动词had better的用法归纳(五“式”)

1. had better的基本式

had better意为“最好”、“应该”，后接动词原形。如:

You had better set off at once. 你还是马上动身的好。

You'd better be there. 你最好在那里。

You'd better stay at hospital for another few days. 你最好在医院再住几天。

Better have the operation right now. 你最好还是现在就动手术。

2. had better的否定式

通常将not置于had better之后。

We'd better not invite him. 我们最好不要邀请他。

Better not wait for him. 最好不要等他了。

误:You had not better go. 你最好不要去。

误: You had better not to go.

正: You had better not go.

3. had better的疑问式

通常将had置于主语之前。如:

Had we better go now? 我们现在该走了吗?

在否定疑问句或反意疑问句中可将not与had连用。如:

Hadn't we better go now? 我们是不是现在就去呢?

4. had better+进行式

表示最好马上做某事。如:

I think I'd better be going.我想我最好还是马上走。

You'd better be getting your clothes ready. 你最好马上把衣服准备好。

5. had better+完成式

表示最好做完某事或本该做某事而未做某事。如:

You had better have done that. 你最好把那事做完。

You had better have staved here.你本来应该呆在这儿的。

used to用法的五大注意点

一注意其基本用法

used to的意思是“过去经常”“以前常常”，其后接动词原形。如:

Life here is much easier than it used to be.这里的生活比过去容易多了。

It used to be believed that sugar could decay the teeth. 过去人们认为糖会腐蚀牙齿。

Our company used to do business with theirs. 我们公司过去和他们的公司常有业务往来。

My parents used to live in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays,我双亲常在南美洲住,假期里我常从欧洲乘飞机到那里去。

-Do you play golf? 你打高尔夫球吗?

- No, but I used to.不打，但我过去打。

We used to go camping every summer when we were students. 我们当学生时每年夏天我们都去野营。

二注意used to的否定式

used to的否定式直接在used后加not构成或借助动词did构成。如:

I used not/usedn't to enjoy listening to rock music.我过去不喜欢听摇滚音乐。

My mother didn't use to be so forgetful. 我妈妈原来不是这么健忘的。

三注意used to的疑问式

used to的疑问式，直接将used置于句首构成疑问式，或借助动词did构成。如:

Did you use to play football on the playground? 你以前常在操场踢球吗?

There used to be some pine trees here, usedn’t there?这里原来长着许多松树，是不是?

Used you to make the fairy stories up out of your own head?你曾经自己杜撰童话故事吗?

You used to go there, usedn't/didn't you?你过去常到那儿去，是吗?

Where did you use to live? 你过去是住哪儿的?

四要注意容易混淆的三个used

(1) used to 意为“过去经常”，其中的 to 是不定式符号，后接动词原形。如:

We used to go there every year. 我每年都去那儿。

(2) be used to 意为“习惯于”，其中的to是介词，后接动词要用动名词。如:

He is used to glancing over newspapers after supper. 他习惯吃过晚饭后浏览一下各种报纸。

After three weeks she had got used to the extreme heat.三个星期后她就适应酷热的环境了。

(3)be used to 有时可能是动词 use 的被动语态结构,意为“被用来”，其中的 to为不定式符号，其后要接动词原形。如:

Nylon is used to make stockings. 尼龙被用来造袜子。

五要注意used to 与would的用法比较

两者都表示讨去的习惯。当表示讨去习惯性的动作时可互换，如:

When we were children we would/used to go skating every winter. 我们小时候，每年冬天都去溜冰。

(1)used to表示过去的状态，would表示过去反复的动作。如:

She used to be a quiet girl.她以前是一个文静的姑娘。

He is not what he used to be. 他已不是从前的他了。

(2) used to表示过去跟现在对照，其含义为“现在已不”。如:

He doesn't smoke these days, but he used to. 他现在不抽烟，但以前是抽的。

There used to be a hospital here. 这，过去是一家医院。

情态动词兼实义动词dare的用法

dare既可作情态动词又可作实意动词。

1.用作情态动词时，意思是“敢”，其后接动词原形，通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及条件从句中。如:

I daren't ask her for a rise. 我不敢要求她加薪。

He dare not express his feelings to her. 他不敢向她表爱意。

Dare you tell our teacher the truth? 你敢告诉老师事实真相吗?

How dare you say such a thing? 你怎么敢说这种事 ?

I won't allow you to swim across the river, even if you dare do it.即使你敢游过河我也不让你游。

习惯说法I dare say 用于肯定句，可译为“我想可能”、“我想”、“我认为”“大概.可能.或许”等。如:

I dare say it's tre. 我想那是真的。

I would imagine he's forgotten. -- I dare say.我猜他已忘了。一可能吧。

I dare say he will come later. 我想他稍后会来的。

2.dare用作实意动词时，意为“敢”“敢干”，其后多接带to的不定式。如:

We must dare to think, speak and act. 我们必须敢想、敢说、敢做。

Only one man dared to dive into the current river 只有一人敢跳入急流的河中。

He didn't dare (to) speak to her. 他不敢对她说话。

The boy stood before the teacher, not daring to look up.这个小男孩站在老师面前不敢抬头。

情态动词need的三大重要用法

用法一:need 后接动词原形的用法

need用作情态动词，意思是“必要”、“必须”，其后接动词原形，通常只用于否定句、疑问句以及if或whether之后。如:

You need not tell the entire truth, but you must not lie.你不必说出全部真相，但你一定不许撒谎。

Need you go so soon? 你非得这么快就走吗?

So I needn't tell her.need I?所以我无须告诉她，是吗?

I need hardly tell you that the work is dangerous. 无须我说你也知道那工作的危险性。

-Need I come tomorrow? 我明天需要来吗?

-Yes, I must.是的。需要。

They wonder whether need wait for her. 他们不知道是否要等她。

need有时用于含有only，all 等限制意义的肯定句中。如:

If you want anything. you need only ask你想要什么只要打个招呼就行。

All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport. 你从机场乘出租汽车即可。

(2)need用作实意动词，意思是“需要”，和不定式连用。如:

We need to work harder. 我们必须更加努力工作。

These flowers need to be watered three times a week.这些花一周需要浇三次水。

What do you need to take with you on business?你出差需要带什么东西?

Does he need to know? 州需要知道这件事吗 ?

I don't think you need to worry in the least.我认为你一点儿也没必要着急。

They didn't need to arrive so early.他们没有必要来的那么早。

用法二:need 后接完成式的用法

need/needn't+动词完成式,表示过去“需要/不需要做某事，但实际未做/做了”。如:

Need you have bought so much rice?你当时有必要买那么多大米吗?

You needn't have told him the news; he knew it already. 你不必告诉他这个消息，他已经知道了。

He needn't have come in person, a telephone would have been enough.他本来没有必要亲自来，打个电话就可以了。

It is Sunday. You needn't have woken me up so early.今天是星期日，你没必要这么早就叫醒我。

-Need he have come so early? 他来那么早有必要吗?

- Yes. he had to./ No. he needn't have.有必要，他必须来那么早。"不，他本来没有必要来那么早的。

用法三:need 后接进行的用法

need+动词进行式，表示正在进行的动作。如:

We needn't be standing here in the sun. 我们没有必要站在这里晒太阳。