Unit 5 Working the Land单元分层练习【过习题】-2022-2023学年高二英语单元复习（人教版2019选择性必修第一册）

这是一份Unit 5 Working the Land单元分层练习【过习题】-2022-2023学年高二英语单元复习（人教版2019选择性必修第一册），共23页。试卷主要包含了过单词，过变形，过短语等内容，欢迎下载使用。
选择性必修Unit 5 Working the Land过习题
词汇过关练
一、过单词
1. n. 杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车
2. n. 不足；缺少；短缺
3. vt. 解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
4. n. (pl. crises/­siːz/)危机；危急关头
5. vt. 使增长；使兴旺　n. 增长；提高；激励
6. n. 产量；产出　vt. 出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)　vi. 屈服；让步
7. vt. 使相信；使确信；说服
8. n. 特征；特点；品质　adj. 典型的；独特的
9. vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到
10. adj. 传统的；习惯的
11. vt. (overcame, overcome)克服；解决；战胜
12. n. 产量；输出；输出量vt. (output, output)输出
13. vt. 估计；估价；估算　n. 估计；估算
14. adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的
15. vt. 产生；引起
16. n. (动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力
17. n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲
18. n. 泥土；土壤；国土；领土
19. n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流
20. vt. 展望；想象
21. n. 谷物；谷粒；颗粒
22. n. 想象；视力；视野；影像
23. adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的
24. n. 炸弹　vt. 轰炸；对……投炸弹
25. n. 地下通道；地道；隧道
26. n. 小麦；小麦籽
27. n. 味道；特点；特色
28. n. 肥料
29. vt. 减轻；缓解
30. adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
31. n. 杀虫剂；除害药物
32. adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
33. n. (pl.­ria/­riə/)细菌
34. vt.&vi. 消化　vt. 领会；领悟
35. adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的
36. n. 可供选择的事物　adj. 可供替代的；非传统的
37. n. 食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货
38. n. 根；根茎；根部；根源
39. n. 方面；层面
二、过变形
1. consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费→ v. 消耗；耗费
2. reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实→ adj. 真的；现实的→ adv.真正地；事实上
3. salty adj. 含盐的；咸的→ n. 食盐
4. assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得→ v. 假定；假设
5. intense adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的→ n. 增强；加剧；紧张
6. expand vt.&vi. 扩大；增加vt. 扩展；发展(业务) → n. 扩大；膨胀
7. extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→ v. 使延长；扩大
8. entirely adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地→ adj. 完全的；完整的
9. depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度) → adj. 深的；纵深的→ adv. 非常；深刻地
10. mineral n. 矿物；矿物质→ n. 矿井；矿；地雷；水雷 pron. 我的
11. poverty n. 贫穷；贫困→ adj. 贫穷的
12. chemical　adj. 与化学有关的；化学的n. 化学制品；化学品→ n. 化学
13. nutritional adj. 营养(物)的→ adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的→ n. 营养；滋养
三、过短语
1. 把……用于；献身于；致力于；专心于
2. 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
3. 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
4. 相应地；转而；依次；轮流
5. 例如；比如
6. 实际上；事实上
7. work as
8. far from
9. home and abroad
10. focus on
11. keep...from
语句提升练
一、动词的形式变化和词形转换
1. I soon ________ (convince) him of my innocence.
2. Let us strive together ________ (attain) this splendid goal.
3. His ________ (assume) proved to be wrong.
4. The ________ (real) is that they are poor.
5. I ________ (overcome) any weakness, any despair, any fear.
6. He has been out of ________ (poor) by working hard.
7. She couldn't ________ (digest) food properly.
8. We should see both ________ (aspect) of the problem.
9. When they got to Montana, they put down ________ (root) and built a life.
10. His life was ________ (entire) given up to the educational work.
二、固定用法和常考句式
1. ________ is estimated that 60,000 shops open every Sunday.
2. These studies may be comprised ________ either basic animal or human research.
3. They devoted a great deal of money ________ the improvement of the railway station.
4. ________ surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
5. It is a pity ________ she has made such a mistake.
6. ________ she will come or not is still a question.
7. There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving; ________ instance, training lions.
8. We look after him ________ turn.
9. He found a way ________ learn English well quickly.
10. China is a socialist country, and a developing country ________ well.
11. will be in charge of the company is being discussed.
12. we will hold a party tomorrow depends on the weather.
13. cars will be parked in the future is a question.
14. It is very important that a student (learn) English well.
15. is a pity that you missed the film.
16. made her happy was that she won the game in such an important match.
17. breaks the law should be punished.
18. role he will play in the film hasn't been known.
三、语篇填空
Yuan Longping, one of China's most famous __ __ (scientist), was born in 1930. In the beginning, his parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, __ __ concerned him most was that farmers had poor harvests and even had __ __ serious shortage of food to eat. Yuan Longping was convinced that the answer could __ __ (find) in the creation of hybrid rice. But whether it was possible __ __ (develop) a hybrid was a matter __ __ great debate. Through intense effort，Yuan Longping __ __ (overcome) enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice __ __ could be used for farming in 1974. What impresses people most about Yuan Longping __ __ (be) his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams, and everyone is waiting to see __ __ he will dream out next.
篇章培优练
一、阅读理解
A
（2022·全国·高三专题练习）We’ve known for years that plants can see, hear, smell and communicate with chemicals. Now, reported New Scientist, they have been recorded making sounds when stressed.
In a yet-to-be-published study, Itzhak Khait and his team at Tel Aviv University, in Israel, found that tomato and tobacco (烟草) plants can make ultrasonic (超声的) noises. The plants “cry out” due to lack of water, or when their stems (茎) are cut. It’s just too high-pitched (音调高的) for humans to hear.
Microphones placed 10 centimeters away from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz (千赫兹). Human hearing usually ranges from 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz. “These findings can change the way we think about the plant kingdom,” they wrote.
On average, “thirsty” tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average.
Perhaps most interestingly, different types of stress led to different sounds. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to separate the plants’ sounds from those of the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse. In most cases, it correctly identified (辨识) whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on a sound’s intensity(强度) and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. Although Khait and his colleagues only looked at tomato and tobacco plants, they think other plants also make sounds when stressed.
If farmers could hear these sounds, said the team, they could give water to the plants that need it most. As climate change causes more droughts (旱灾), they said this would be important information for farmers. “The sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture (精准农业),” said Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK.
Khait’s report also suggests that insects and mammals (哺乳动物) can hear the sounds up to 5 meters away and respond. For example, a moth (蛾子) may decide not to lay eggs on a water-stressed plant. Edward Farmer, at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, is doubtful. He said that the idea of moths listening to plants is “a little too speculative”.
If plants are screaming for fear of their survival, maybe we should be glad we can’t hear them.
5．What did Khait and his team find from their research?
A．Plants made low-pitched sounds when in danger.
B．Plants made ultrasonic noises to communicate with each other.
C．Plants picked up a wider range of sounds when stressed.
D．Plants were able to produce sounds in response to stresses.
6．How did tomato and tobacco plants react to different stresses according to the text?
A．A plant reacted to different stresses with the same sound.
B．Cut tomato plants produced more sounds per hour than water-hungry ones.
C．Cut tobacco plants seemed to make weaker sounds than drought-stressed ones.
D．Tobacco plants might make louder sounds than tomato plants when short of water.
7．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 6?
A．Challenges faced by farmers in the future.
B．The potential applications of the research.
C．Farmers’ contributions to the research.
D．What the future agriculture will be like.
8．The underlined word “speculative” in the second-to-last paragraph has the closest meaning to “______”.
A．practical B．unsupported
C．surprising D．complicated
B
（2019·北京东城·高二期末）Looking out the window of his truck, Bob Fitzgerald sees large, undesirable plants growing in the fields. Visitors to his neighborhood around the Chesapeake Bay mainly see dying forests and empty farmland. Fitzgerald says the land has been in his family since the 17th century,and it has been sinking for hundreds of years. As sea levels rise salt water is entering rivers and other waterways. As a result, the ground is becoming too salty for crops to grow.
Around the world, scientists warn that coastal (沿海 ) farms are from rising seas and salt water. A World Bank report predicts that rice production in coastal areas may fall by 15 percent by the year 2050. Another study found that hundreds of millions of people will be forced to move inland because of rising waters.
Kate Tully, an agroecologist(农业生态学家) wants to keep coastal farmers in business as the seas rise. The United States Department of Agriculture gave Tully and other researchers $ 1.1 million to study the problem. She and her team hope to give farmers ways to stay on their land. She told media that they are testing different crops on pieces of land around the coastal areas.
"Sorghum is my new favorite crop because it Can grow without rain and it can grow with lots of rain. So this is actually a pretty good option. " The grain crop may be a good choice to feed the nearly 600 million chickens raised in the area each year. As farmers know, chickens can deal with salt, dry weather conditions and heavy rains. Tally's group is also testing other kinds of grain and a few crops that they believe can grow in the salt.
Yet just being able to grow a crop is not enough. The crop has to be profitable. So an economist on the team will be looking at the numbers. But continuing to farm the land may not be the best plan of action. Some people believe the land should he given back to nature. They say the fields should be turned into wetlands, which are popular with duck hunters. "There's money in duck hunting," fully said. Hunting organizations will pay farmers for a permit to hunt on their land. Farmers could earn a lot of money from duck hunters, she said.
Tully and her team are just getting started. It will be a few years before they really understand how to save the farms.
1．In Bob Fitzgerald's neighborhood   A．forests have been turned into farmland
B．the coastal land becomes unfit for farming
C．production of sea salt takes place of farming
D．environmental pollution has caused the death of forests
2．What does the underlined phrase "under threat" mean?
A．Out of reach. B．In ruins.
C．Under discussion. D．In danger.
3．To help the farmers, Kate Tully's team have .
A．raised money for costal farmers
B．turned the farmland into wetland
C．tested different kinds of grain and crops
D．encouraged the farmers to raise chicken and ducks
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．The Search of Crops That Will Grow in Salt Water
B．The Past of the Historic Farm Becomes Important
C．Rising Seas Force Changes on Historic Farms
D．The Research on the Effects of Rising Seas
二、七选五
（2022·安徽·高三开学考试）Ways to Grow Your Own Plant Supports Instead of Buying Them
Many new gardeners think it is necessary to buy new items for their gardens, when in fact, careful design and the right plant choices can mean that your garden can actually provide the things you need.
One common example of the things that people buy when they could grow them in their own garden is plant supports. . While there are numerous plant supports on the market, my professional take is you can do without buying any of these at all.
Many climbing and vining plants require some support as they grow. Sometimes, the plants you grow beside climbers or vines can provide all the support they need. . The same thing can be true of a number of taller perennials (多年生植物). Growing them close can prevent them being blown over in strong winds. , as you will need to think about competition and avoid overcrowding.
Of course, other living plants will not always be able to provide the support that is required. I find growing trees like the hazel or willow means you always have suitable material to use in your own garden. . Do so early on in garden establishment and over time, you can easily become self-sufficient in garden plant supports-even in a small garden.
, it can be helpful to think about longer-term needs in your garden. Grow not just eatable plants, but also a range of other plants which will allow you to become more self-sufficient over time.
A．Plenty of trees grow relatively quickly
B．Thick planting should be handled with care
C．Before you buy plant supports for your garden
D．Planting these trees in your garden can be a great choice
E．So when designing your garden and deciding which plants to grow
F．Plants like short peas can simply be grown close together and will hold each other up
G．Plant supports can be living, growing plants or branches cut from elsewhere in the space
三、完形填空
（2022·湖北孝感·高三阶段练习）One summer day, the bushes in our backyard began making all sorts of noise. Or rather, our dog, Bella, was in the bushes and made noise. Our 11-year-old daughter Bella’s pawing(刨) at a branch, where there were several caterpillars(蝴蝶幼虫).
My husband and I that our backyard-frequent hangout of birds-wasn’t the safest for caterpillars. So we got a butterfly house where the caterpillars could metamorphose(蜕变).
Each day, when we took the butterfly house to the , Bella followed. Each night, when we brought it back inside, Bella followed, and slept under the table on which it rested. We don’t know why Bella was so , but she was there for every step of the budding(萌芽的) butterflies’ .
Finally, the caterpillars beautiful butterflies. It came as a that Bella didn’t seem worried when our daughter them. In fact, Bella seemed to understand that this was part of the life . It wasn’t until one last butterfly wouldn’t fly away that Bella expressed . She gently rested her head near the butterfly, which flied onto her nose. Bella lifted her head, pointed her nose, and one of those breathy dog sighs. With the sigh of Bella, the last butterfly flew off. It seemed a little from a parent to begin one’s own migration.
1．A．discovered B．sensed C．imagined D．imitated
2．A．determined B．denied C．warned D．worried
3．A．solution B．distance C．circumstance D．investment
4．A．regularly B．temporarily C．safely D．ideally
5．A．room B．backyard C．brick D．branch
6．A．exposed B．attached C．envious D．ignorant
7．A．organization B．situation C．explanation D．transformation
8．A．broke into B．turned into C．ran into D．walked into
9．A．surprise B．delight C．relief D．favor
10．A．fed B．caught C．released D．chased
11．A．cycle B．trick C．play D．problem
12．A．mercy B．concern C．shame D．confusion
13．A．last B．beautiful C．odd D．common
14．A．put out B．made out C．figured out D．let out
15．A．comfort B．advice C．push D．blame
选择性必修Unit 5 Working the Land过习题
词汇过关练
一、过单词
40. hybrid n. 杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车
41. shortage n. 不足；缺少；短缺
42. tackle vt. 解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
43. crisis n. (pl. crises/­siːz/)危机；危急关头
44. boost vt. 使增长；使兴旺　n. 增长；提高；激励
45. yield n. 产量；产出　vt. 出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)　vi. 屈服；让步
46. convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服
47. characteristic n. 特征；特点；品质　adj. 典型的；独特的
48. attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到
49. conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的
50. overcome vt. (overcame, overcome)克服；解决；战胜
51. output n. 产量；输出；输出量vt. (output, output)输出
52. estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算　n. 估计；估算
53. domestic adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的
54. generate vt. 产生；引起
55. strain n. (动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力
56. leisure n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲
57. soil n. 泥土；土壤；国土；领土
58. celebrity n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流
59. envision vt. 展望；想象
60. grain n. 谷物；谷粒；颗粒
61. vision n. 想象；视力；视野；影像
62. urban adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的
63. bomb n. 炸弹　vt. 轰炸；对……投炸弹
64. tunnel n. 地下通道；地道；隧道
65. wheat n. 小麦；小麦籽
66. flavour n. 味道；特点；特色
67. fertiliser n. 肥料
68. alleviate vt. 减轻；缓解
69. organic adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
70. pesticide n. 杀虫剂；除害药物
71. widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
72. bacterium n. (pl.­ria/­riə/)细菌
73. digest vt.&vi. 消化　vt. 领会；领悟
74. essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的
75. alternative n. 可供选择的事物　adj. 可供替代的；非传统的
76. grocery n. 食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货
77. root n. 根；根茎；根部；根源
78. aspect n. 方面；层面
二、过变形
14. consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费→consume v. 消耗；耗费
15. reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实→real adj. 真的；现实的→really adv.真正地；事实上
16. salty adj. 含盐的；咸的→salt n. 食盐
17. assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得→assume v. 假定；假设
18. intense adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的→intensity n. 增强；加剧；紧张
19. expand vt.&vi. 扩大；增加vt. 扩展；发展(业务) →expansion n. 扩大；膨胀
20. extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend v. 使延长；扩大
21. entirely adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj. 完全的；完整的
22. depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度) →deep adj. 深的；纵深的→deeply adv. 非常；深刻地
23. mineral n. 矿物；矿物质→mine n. 矿井；矿；地雷；水雷 pron. 我的
24. poverty n. 贫穷；贫困→poor adj. 贫穷的
25. chemical　adj. 与化学有关的；化学的n. 化学制品；化学品→chemistry n. 化学
26. nutritional adj. 营养(物)的→nutritious adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n. 营养；滋养
三、过短语
12. devote...to 把……用于；献身于；致力于；专心于
13. deep_down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
14. be_comprised_of 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
15. in_turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流
16. for_instance 例如；比如
17. in_fact 实际上；事实上
18. work as 从事……工作
19. far from 远离；远非
20. home and abroad 国内外
21. focus on 关注
22. keep...from 使……不靠近
语句提升练
一、动词的形式变化和词形转换
11. I soon ________ (convince) him of my innocence.
答案与解析　convinced　设空处在句中作谓语，根据语境用一般过去时。故填convinced。
12. Let us strive together ________ (attain) this splendid goal.
答案与解析　to attain　句意：让我们为实现这一宏伟目标而共同努力。strive to do “努力做……”。
13. His ________ (assume) proved to be wrong.
答案与解析　assumption　设空处在句中作主语。故填assumption。
14. The ________ (real) is that they are poor.
答案与解析　reality　句意：现状是他们很贫穷。设空处在句中作主语，故填名词reality“现实；实际情况”。
15. I ________ (overcome) any weakness, any despair, any fear.
答案与解析　overcame　句意：我克服了所有的软弱、绝望和恐惧。用一般过去时， 故填overcame。
16. He has been out of ________ (poor) by working hard.
答案与解析　poverty　句意：他通过努力工作摆脱了贫困。be out of poverty “脱贫”。
17. She couldn't ________ (digest) food properly.
答案与解析　digest　句意：她无法正常消化食物。could后接动词原形，故填digest。
18. We should see both ________ (aspect) of the problem.
答案与解析　aspects　句意：我们应看到问题的两面。故用复数形式aspects。
19. When they got to Montana, they put down ________ (root) and built a life.
答案与解析　roots　put down roots “扎根”。
20. His life was ________ (entire) given up to the educational work.
答案与解析　entirely　设空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语。故填entirely。
二、固定用法和常考句式
19. ________ is estimated that 60,000 shops open every Sunday.
答案与解析　It　考查固定结构，it is estimated that “据估计”。
20. These studies may be comprised ________ either basic animal or human research.
答案与解析　of　考查固定结构，be comprised of “由……组成”。
21. They devoted a great deal of money ________ the improvement of the railway station.
答案与解析　to　句意：他们把大量的钱投入到了改进铁路上。devote...to “把……专用于；献身于”。
22. ________ surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
答案与解析　What　“________ surprised me most”结构在句中作主语，设空处在从句中作主语。故填What。
23. It is a pity ________ she has made such a mistake.
答案与解析　that　It is a pity that “……是可惜的”。
24. ________ she will come or not is still a question.
答案与解析　Whether　“________ she will come or not”在句中作主语，且缺“是否”这一含义，故用whether引导主语从句。
25. There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving; ________ instance, training lions.
答案与解析　for　句意：有的工作比驾驶卡车更危险，例如驯狮。for instance “例如”。
26. We look after him ________ turn.
答案与解析　in　句意：我们轮换着照料他。in turn “轮流，依次”。
27. He found a way ________ learn English well quickly.
答案与解析　to　句意：他找到了快速学好英语的方法。a way to do “做……的方法”。
28. China is a socialist country, and a developing country ________ well.
答案与解析　as　句意：中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。as well “也”。
29. Who will be in charge of the company is being discussed.
30. Whether we will hold a party tomorrow depends on the weather.
31. Where cars will be parked in the future is a question.
32. It is very important that a student (should)_learn (learn) English well.
33. It is a pity that you missed the film.
34. What made her happy was that she won the game in such an important match.
35. Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
36. What role he will play in the film hasn't been known.
三、语篇填空
Yuan Longping, one of China's most famous __1__ (scientist), was born in 1930. In the beginning, his parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, __2__ concerned him most was that farmers had poor harvests and even had __3__ serious shortage of food to eat. Yuan Longping was convinced that the answer could __4__ (find) in the creation of hybrid rice. But whether it was possible __5__ (develop) a hybrid was a matter __6__ great debate. Through intense effort，Yuan Longping __7__ (overcome) enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice __8__ could be used for farming in 1974. What impresses people most about Yuan Longping __9__ (be) his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams, and everyone is waiting to see __10__ he will dream out next.
答案与解析　
1．scientists　考查名词。“one of＋可数名词复数”意思是“……之一”。
2．what　考查主语从句。主语从句“________ concerned him most”在句中作主语，设空处在从句中作主语。
3．a　考查冠词。a shortage of “缺乏”。故前面加冠词a。
4．be found　考查被动语态。句意：袁隆平相信答案可以在一种特定的杂交水稻中被找到。所以用被动语态be found。
5．to develop　考查非谓语。“it was ＋adj.＋(for sb) to do”结构的意思是“对某人来说做……是……”。
6．of　考查介词。a matter of “一个……的问题”。
7．overcame　考查谓语动词。根据句意可知，事情发生在过去，谓语动词应用一般过去时overcame。
8．that　考查定语从句。定语从句缺主语，先行词“hybrid rice”又有“the first”修饰，只能用that引导。
9．is　考查谓语动词。空前“What impresses people most about Yuan Longping”为主语从句，在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。
10．what　考查连词。see后面接的是宾语从句，设空处是宾语从句的引导词，并在从句中作宾语。故填what。
篇章培优练
一、阅读理解
A
（2022·全国·高三专题练习）We’ve known for years that plants can see, hear, smell and communicate with chemicals. Now, reported New Scientist, they have been recorded making sounds when stressed.
In a yet-to-be-published study, Itzhak Khait and his team at Tel Aviv University, in Israel, found that tomato and tobacco (烟草) plants can make ultrasonic (超声的) noises. The plants “cry out” due to lack of water, or when their stems (茎) are cut. It’s just too high-pitched (音调高的) for humans to hear.
Microphones placed 10 centimeters away from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz (千赫兹). Human hearing usually ranges from 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz. “These findings can change the way we think about the plant kingdom,” they wrote.
On average, “thirsty” tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average.
Perhaps most interestingly, different types of stress led to different sounds. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to separate the plants’ sounds from those of the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse. In most cases, it correctly identified (辨识) whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on a sound’s intensity(强度) and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. Although Khait and his colleagues only looked at tomato and tobacco plants, they think other plants also make sounds when stressed.
If farmers could hear these sounds, said the team, they could give water to the plants that need it most. As climate change causes more droughts (旱灾), they said this would be important information for farmers. “The sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture (精准农业),” said Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK.
Khait’s report also suggests that insects and mammals (哺乳动物) can hear the sounds up to 5 meters away and respond. For example, a moth (蛾子) may decide not to lay eggs on a water-stressed plant. Edward Farmer, at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, is doubtful. He said that the idea of moths listening to plants is “a little too speculative”.
If plants are screaming for fear of their survival, maybe we should be glad we can’t hear them.
5．What did Khait and his team find from their research?
A．Plants made low-pitched sounds when in danger.
B．Plants made ultrasonic noises to communicate with each other.
C．Plants picked up a wider range of sounds when stressed.
D．Plants were able to produce sounds in response to stresses.
6．How did tomato and tobacco plants react to different stresses according to the text?
A．A plant reacted to different stresses with the same sound.
B．Cut tomato plants produced more sounds per hour than water-hungry ones.
C．Cut tobacco plants seemed to make weaker sounds than drought-stressed ones.
D．Tobacco plants might make louder sounds than tomato plants when short of water.
7．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 6?
A．Challenges faced by farmers in the future.
B．The potential applications of the research.
C．Farmers’ contributions to the research.
D．What the future agriculture will be like.
8．The underlined word “speculative” in the second-to-last paragraph has the closest meaning to “______”.
A．practical B．unsupported
C．surprising D．complicated
【答案】5．D    6．C    7．B    8．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项尚未发表的研究发现，植物在受到压力时会发出声音，不同类型的压力导致了不同的声音。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中Now, reported New Scientist, they have been recorded making sounds when stressed. 现在，据《新科学家》报道，他们已经被录下了在压力下发声的声音。以及第二段中In a yet-to-be-published study, Itzhak Khait and his team at Tel Aviv University, in Israel, found that tomato and tobacco plants can make ultrasonic(超声的)noises. The plants “cry out” due to lack of water, or when their stems(茎)are cut. 在一项尚未发表的研究中，以色列特拉维夫大学的伊扎克·凯特(Itzhak Khait)和他的团队发现，番茄和烟草植物可以发出超声噪音。由于缺水或茎被剪断时，植物会“哭泣”。可知，Khait和他的团队发现植物能够发出声音来应对压力。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据第五段中In most cases, it correctly identified whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on a sound’s intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. 在大多数情况下，它能根据声音的强度和频率，正确地识别出压力是由干燥引起的还是由切割引起的。例如，缺水的烟草似乎比切下来的烟草发出的声音更大。可知，切下来的烟草发出的声音似乎比干旱胁迫下的烟草发出的声音要弱。故选C项。
7．主旨大意题。根据第六段中As climate change causes more droughts, they said this would be important information for farmers. “The sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture(精准农业),” said Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK. 他们说，随着气候变化导致更多的干旱，这对农民来说将是重要的信息。“受干旱胁迫的植物发出的声音可以用于精准农业，”英国皇家植物园的Anne Visscher说。可知，本段主要是讲述了研究发现植物能发出声音对农业的影响，也就是研究在农业的潜在应用价值。故选B项。
8．词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中Edward Farmer, at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, is doubtful. He said that the idea of moths listening to plants is “a little too speculative”. 瑞士洛桑大学的Edward Farmer对此表示怀疑。他说，让飞蛾听植物的声音这种想法“有点太___________了”。由doubtful可知Edward Farmer不确定这种说法是否正确，因此猜测划线词speculative意为“未经证实的，推测性的”。故选B项。
B
（2019·北京东城·高二期末）Looking out the window of his truck, Bob Fitzgerald sees large, undesirable plants growing in the fields. Visitors to his neighborhood around the Chesapeake Bay mainly see dying forests and empty farmland. Fitzgerald says the land has been in his family since the 17th century,and it has been sinking for hundreds of years. As sea levels rise salt water is entering rivers and other waterways. As a result, the ground is becoming too salty for crops to grow.
Around the world, scientists warn that coastal (沿海 ) farms are under threat from rising seas and salt water. A World Bank report predicts that rice production in coastal areas may fall by 15 percent by the year 2050. Another study found that hundreds of millions of people will be forced to move inland because of rising waters.
Kate Tully, an agroecologist(农业生态学家) wants to keep coastal farmers in business as the seas rise. The United States Department of Agriculture gave Tully and other researchers $ 1.1 million to study the problem. She and her team hope to give farmers ways to stay on their land. She told media that they are testing different crops on pieces of land around the coastal areas.
"Sorghum is my new favorite crop because it Can grow without rain and it can grow with lots of rain. So this is actually a pretty good option. " The grain crop may be a good choice to feed the nearly 600 million chickens raised in the area each year. As farmers know, chickens can deal with salt, dry weather conditions and heavy rains. Tally's group is also testing other kinds of grain and a few crops that they believe can grow in the salt.
Yet just being able to grow a crop is not enough. The crop has to be profitable. So an economist on the team will be looking at the numbers. But continuing to farm the land may not be the best plan of action. Some people believe the land should he given back to nature. They say the fields should be turned into wetlands, which are popular with duck hunters. "There's money in duck hunting," fully said. Hunting organizations will pay farmers for a permit to hunt on their land. Farmers could earn a lot of money from duck hunters, she said.
Tully and her team are just getting started. It will be a few years before they really understand how to save the farms.
1．In Bob Fitzgerald's neighborhood   .
A．forests have been turned into farmland
B．the coastal land becomes unfit for farming
C．production of sea salt takes place of farming
D．environmental pollution has caused the death of forests
2．What does the underlined phrase "under threat" mean?
A．Out of reach. B．In ruins.
C．Under discussion. D．In danger.
3．To help the farmers, Kate Tully's team have .
A．raised money for costal farmers
B．turned the farmland into wetland
C．tested different kinds of grain and crops
D．encouraged the farmers to raise chicken and ducks
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．The Search of Crops That Will Grow in Salt Water
B．The Past of the Historic Farm Becomes Important
C．Rising Seas Force Changes on Historic Farms
D．The Research on the Effects of Rising Seas
【答案】1．B    2．D    3．C    4．C
【分析】本文为说明文。随着海平面上升，海水进入河流和其他水道，沿海农场受到海平面上升的威胁。这迫使历史悠久的农场发生了变化。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的As a result, the ground is becoming too salty for crops to grow.（结果，土地变得太咸，庄稼无法生长）可推知，在鲍勃·菲茨杰拉德的邻近地区，沿海的土地变得不适合耕种。故B选项正确。
2．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的A World Bank report predicts that rice production in coastal areas may fall by 15 percent by the year 2050. Another study found that hundreds of millions of people will he forced to move inland because of rising waters.（世界银行的一份报告预测，到2050年，沿海地区的水稻产量可能会下降15%。另一项研究发现，由于海平面上升，数亿人将被迫迁往内陆）可知，沿海农场正受到海平面上升和海水上涨的威胁。由此推知under threat意为“处于威胁中”。故D选项正确。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的She and her team hope to give farmers ways to stay on their land. She told media that they are testing different crops on pieces of land around the coastal areas.（她和她的团队希望能让农民们有办法留在他们的土地上。她告诉媒体，他们正在沿海地区测试不同的作物）可知，为了帮助农民，凯特·塔利的团队测试了不同种类的谷物和农作物。故C选项正确。
4．标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了随着海平面上升，海水进入河流和其他水道，沿海农场受到海平面上升的威胁，这迫使历史悠久的农场发生了变化。由此可知，C项“海平面上升迫使历史上的农场发生变化”适合做本文最佳标题。故C选项正确。
【点睛】依据逻辑推理猜测词义：运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。在第2小题中，考生可以根据该划线词所在的上下文语境来推测其指代对象。A World Bank report predicts that rice production in coastal areas may fall by 15 percent by the year 2050. Another study found that hundreds of millions of people will he forced to move inland because of rising waters.（世界银行的一份报告预测，到2050年，沿海地区的水稻产量可能会下降15%。另一项研究发现，由于海平面上升，数亿人将被迫迁往内陆）可知，沿海农场正受到海平面上升和海水上涨的威胁。由此推知under threat意为“处于威胁中”。故D选项正确。
二、七选五
（2022·安徽·高三开学考试）Ways to Grow Your Own Plant Supports Instead of Buying Them
Many new gardeners think it is necessary to buy new items for their gardens, when in fact, careful design and the right plant choices can mean that your garden can actually provide the things you need.
One common example of the things that people buy when they could grow them in their own garden is plant supports.____1____. While there are numerous plant supports on the market, my professional take is you can do without buying any of these at all.
Many climbing and vining plants require some support as they grow. Sometimes, the plants you grow beside climbers or vines can provide all the support they need. ____2____ . The same thing can be true of a number of taller perennials (多年生植物). Growing them close can prevent them being blown over in strong winds. ____3____, as you will need to think about competition and avoid overcrowding.
Of course, other living plants will not always be able to provide the support that is required. I find growing trees like the hazel or willow means you always have suitable material to use in your own garden. ____4____ . Do so early on in garden establishment and over time, you can easily become self-sufficient in garden plant supports-even in a small garden.
____5____, it can be helpful to think about longer-term needs in your garden. Grow not just eatable plants, but also a range of other plants which will allow you to become more self-sufficient over time.
A．Plenty of trees grow relatively quickly
B．Thick planting should be handled with care
C．Before you buy plant supports for your garden
D．Planting these trees in your garden can be a great choice
E．So when designing your garden and deciding which plants to grow
F．Plants like short peas can simply be grown close together and will hold each other up
G．Plant supports can be living, growing plants or branches cut from elsewhere in the space
【答案】1．G    2．F    3．B    4．D    5．E
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。许多新园丁认为有必要为他们的花园购买新物品，但事实上，精心设计和正确的植物选择意味着你的花园实际上可以提供你需要的东西。文章介绍了植物支架不用买的实用小技巧。
1．上文“One common example of the things that people buy when they could grow them in their own garden is plant supports. (当人们可以在自己的花园里种植出来，他们会购买的一个常见的例子是植物支架。)”，plant supports为本段的关键词，此句可知，花园里需要用得到的植物支架有两个来源：或者购买，或者自己种出植物支架，人们通常选择购买支架，根据句中的could的语气，这是作者不赞同的做法。G项“Plant supports can be living, growing plants or branches cut from elsewhere in the space (植物支架可以是活的，生长的植物或从空间的其他地方剪下的树枝)”可知，此处承接上文，作者表示：在花园里就地取材，用活的、生长着的植物，或者其他地方剪来的枝条，都可以做成支架，呼应上文的 they could grow them in their own garden；下文“While there are numerous plant supports on the market, my professional take is you can do without buying any of these at all. (虽然市场上有很多植物支架，但我的专业观点是，你可以不买任何一种，也能得到支架。)”，作者提出自己的观点，不花钱的情况下你也可以得到植物支架，G项与下文为顺接关系，语意顺畅。故选G项。
2．上文“Sometimes, the plants you grow beside climbers or vines can provide all the support they need. (有时，你在攀援植物或藤蔓旁种植的植物可以提供它们所需的一切支持。)”，下文“The same thing can be true of a number of taller perennials (多年生植物). (同样的情况也可能发生在一些较高的多年生植物上)”，F项“Plants like short peas can simply be grown close together and will hold each other up (像矮豌豆这样的植物可以简单地种在一起，它们会互相提供支撑)”，作者指出需要支架的taller perennials与Plants like short peas，都可以通过近距离种植的方式来相互支撑，下文中的The same thing指代F项中的simply be grown close together and will hold each other up，上下文语意顺畅一致。故选F项。
3．下文“as you will need to think about competition and avoid overcrowding. (因为你需要考虑竞争，避免过度拥挤。)”，B项“Thick planting should be handled with care (茂密的植物应小心处理)”，下文为B项观点的原因：因为你需要考虑植物竞争生长，所以得避免植物过度拥挤。B项中的Thick planting与下文的overcrowding相呼应，语意一致顺畅。故选B项。
4．上文“I find growing trees like the hazel or willow means you always have suitable material to use in your own garden. (我发现，种植像榛树或柳树这样的树意味着你总是有合适的材料在自己的花园里使用)”可知，橡树和柳树能提供做植物支架的材料，D项“Planting these trees in your garden can be a great choice (在你的花园里种植这些树是一个很好的选择)”，其中的these trees指代上文的trees like the hazel or willow，下文“Do so early on in garden establishment and over time, you can easily become self-sufficient in garden plant supports-even in a small garden. (花园建设的早期就这样做，随着时间的推移，你可以很容易地在花园植物的支持上自给自足——即使是在一个小花园。)”，下文的so指代D项中的Planting these trees in your garden，上下文语意连贯顺畅。故选D项。
5．后一句“Grow not just eatable plants, but also a range of other plants which will allow you to become more self-sufficient over time. (不仅要种植可食用的植物，还要种植一系列其他植物，随着时间的推移，这些植物会让你变得更加自给自足。)”可知，作者建议的“花园里的种植的植物种类，以及带来的好处，根据句法角度，E项“So when designing your garden and deciding which plants to grow (所以在设计你的花园并决定种植哪种植物时)”可知，此段话题为“花园的布置，植物的选择”，下文“ it can be helpful to think about longer-term needs in your garden. (考虑一下你的花园的长期需求是有帮助的。)”，下句中的allow you to become more self-sufficient over time是上一句longer-term needs的具体表现，语意连贯顺畅。故选E项。

三、完形填空
（2022·湖北孝感·高三阶段练习）One summer day, the bushes in our backyard began making all sorts of noise. Or rather, our dog, Bella, was in the bushes and made noise. Our 11-year-old daughter ____1____ Bella’s pawing(刨) at a branch, where there were several caterpillars(蝴蝶幼虫).
My husband and I ____2____ that our backyard-frequent hangout of birds-wasn’t the safest ____3____ for caterpillars. So we got a butterfly house where the caterpillars could ____4____ metamorphose(蜕变).
Each day, when we took the butterfly house to the ____5____, Bella followed. Each night, when we brought it back inside, Bella followed, and slept under the table on which it rested. We don’t know why Bella was so ____6____, but she was there for every step of the budding(萌芽的) butterflies’ ____7____.
Finally, the caterpillars ____8____ beautiful butterflies. It came as a ____9____ that Bella didn’t seem worried when our daughter _____10_____ them. In fact, Bella seemed to understand that this was part of the life _____11_____. It wasn’t until one last butterfly wouldn’t fly away that Bella expressed _____12_____. She gently rested her head near the _____13_____ butterfly, which flied onto her nose. Bella lifted her head, pointed her nose, and _____14_____ one of those breathy dog sighs. With the sigh of Bella, the last butterfly flew off. It seemed a little _____15_____ from a parent to begin one’s own migration.
1．A．discovered B．sensed C．imagined D．imitated
2．A．determined B．denied C．warned D．worried
3．A．solution B．distance C．circumstance D．investment
4．A．regularly B．temporarily C．safely D．ideally
5．A．room B．backyard C．brick D．branch
6．A．exposed B．attached C．envious D．ignorant
7．A．organization B．situation C．explanation D．transformation
8．A．broke into B．turned into C．ran into D．walked into
9．A．surprise B．delight C．relief D．favor
10．A．fed B．caught C．released D．chased
11．A．cycle B．trick C．play D．problem
12．A．mercy B．concern C．shame D．confusion
13．A．last B．beautiful C．odd D．common
14．A．put out B．made out C．figured out D．let out
15．A．comfort B．advice C．push D．blame
【答案】
1．A    2．D    3．C    4．C    5．B    6．B    7．D    8．B    9．A    10．C    11．A    12．B    13．A    14．D    15．C
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在后院发现了几只毛毛虫，作者为它们打造了一个蝴蝶屋，宠物狗Bella寸步不离，见证了它们蜕变的每一步，最后依依不舍地送蝴蝶离开。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们11岁的女儿发现Bella的爪子在刨一个树枝，那里有几只毛毛虫。A. discovered发现；B. sensed感觉；C. imagined想象；D. imitated模仿。根据下文“Bella’s pawing(刨) at a branch, where there were several caterpillars”可知，这是作者的女儿发现的事情。故选A。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我丈夫和我都担心，我们的后院经常有鸟儿出没，对毛毛虫来说，这并不是最安全的环境。A. determined决定；B. denied否认；C. warned警告；D. worried担心。根据下文“that our backyard-frequent hangout of birds-wasn’t the safest 　　3　　 for caterpillars.”可知，作者的后院经常有鸟儿出没，对毛毛虫来说，这并不是最安全的，所以他们很担心。故选D。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意见第2题详解。A. solution解决办法；B. distance距离；C. circumstance环境；D. investment投资。根据下文“So we got a butterfly house where the caterpillars could 　　4　　 metamorphose(蜕变).”可知，作者为毛毛虫搭建了一个屋子，所以，他们应该是认为后院不是安全的蜕变环境。故选C。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以我们搭建了一个蝴蝶屋，毛毛虫可以在那里安全地蜕变。A. regularly有规律地；B. temporarily暂时地；C. safely安全地；D. ideally理想地。根据上文“My husband and I 　　2　　 that our backyard-frequent hangout of birds-wasn’t the safest 　　3　　 for caterpillars.”可知，作者他们是在给毛毛虫搭建屋子，是为了让毛毛虫安全地蜕变。故选C。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天，我们把蝴蝶屋搬到后院的时候，Bella都跟着。A. room房间；B. backyard后院；C. brick砖；D. branch树枝。根据下文“Each night, when we brought it back inside,”可知，作者他们每天会把蝴蝶屋搬出去，放在后院。故选B。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们不知道Bella为什么会如此的依恋，但在萌芽的蝴蝶蜕变的每一步，她都在那里。A. exposed暴露的；B. attached依恋的；C. envious羡慕的；D. ignorant忽视的。根据上文“Each day, when we took the butterfly house to the 　　5　　, Bella followed. Each night, when we brought it back inside, Bella followed, and slept under the table on which it rested.”可知，Bella对蝴蝶屋寸步不离，非常依恋。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意见第6题详解。A. organization组织；B. situation状况；C. explanation解释；D. transformation变化。根据上文“So we got a butterfly house where the caterpillars could 　　4　　 metamorphose(蜕变).”可知，Bella陪伴着毛毛虫蜕变的整个过程。故选D。
8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：最终，毛毛虫变成了美丽的蝴蝶。A. broke into强行进入；B. turned into变成；C. ran into遇见；D. walked into走进。根据下文“beautiful butterflies”可知，这里指毛毛虫变成了美丽的蝴蝶。故选B。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们的女儿把它们放走时，Bella似乎并不担心，这很让人吃惊。A. surprise惊讶；B. delight高兴；C. relief欣慰；D. favor喜欢。根据上文“Each day, when we took the butterfly house to the 　　5　　, Bella followed. Each night, when we brought it back inside, Bella followed, and slept under the table on which it rested.”和下文“that Bella didn’t seem worried when our daughter 　　10　　 them.”可知，上文提到Bella对蝴蝶屋寸步不离，非常依恋，而下文说蝴蝶飞走了，它却不担心，所以这很让人感到意外。故选A。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意见第9题详解。A. fed喂养；B. caught抓住；C. released释放；D. chased追赶。根据这句话的上下文可知，毛毛虫变成蝴蝶之后，作者的女儿把它们放走了。故选C。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，Bella似乎明白这是生命轮回的一部分。A. cycle循环；B. trick技巧；C. play玩耍；D. problem问题。根据上文“Finally, the caterpillars 　　8　　 beautiful butterflies.”可知，毛毛虫变成蝴蝶并飞走，是生命轮回的一部分。故选A。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到最后一只蝴蝶不愿意飞走，Bella才表现出了担心。A. mercy怜悯；B. concern担心；C. shame羞愧；D. confusion困惑。根据上文“It came as a 　　9　　 that Bella didn’t seem worried when our daughter 　　10　　 them. In fact, Bella seemed to understand that this was part of the life 　　11　　.”可知，毛毛虫变成蝴蝶并飞走，是生命轮回的一部分，所以Bella不担心。但是有一只蝴蝶不愿意飞走，Bella才表现出了担心。故选B。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她轻轻地把头靠在飞过它鼻子的最后的那只蝴蝶旁边。A. last最后的；B. beautiful漂亮的；C. odd古怪的；D. common常见的。根据上文“It wasn’t until one last butterfly wouldn’t fly away that Bella expressed 　　12　　.”可知，这里指最后没有飞走的那只蝴蝶。故选A。
14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Bella抬起头，伸出鼻子，发出一声喘息的狗叫声。A. put out扑灭；B. made out理解，明白；C. figured out弄明白；D. let out放出，发出。根据下文“one of those breathy dog sighs”可知，这是Bella发出的声音。故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这似乎有点像父母在推动自己开始迁移。A. comfort舒适；B. advice建议；C. push推；D. blame责备。根据下文“from a parent to begin one’s own migration.”可知，这里指Bella用自己气息把蝴蝶吹走就像是父母推动孩子出行一样。故选C。