Unit1 Science and Scientists【知识归纳&过关检测】-2022-2023学年高二英语单元复习（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册单元过关检测

  Unit 1　Science and Scientists

【基础词汇部分】

Ⅰ.默写单词

第一组

1．         vt.　 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷

2．         n.    阴影；影子；背光处

3．         vt.   倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)

4．         vt.    保卫；防守；辩解

5．         n.    助理；助手

6．         adj.   优秀的；杰出的；明显的

7．         adj.   有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的

8．         adj.   聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的

9．         n.   弱点；过错

10．         n.   改变；转换；轮班

    vi.& vt.   转移；挪动；转向

第二组

1．         vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)

2．         n.    证据；证明；检验

3．         vt.& vi.    怀疑；疑有；不信任

n.    犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象

4．         vt.   把……归咎于；责怪；指责

        n.   责备；指责

5．         n.    把手；拉手；柄

 vt.   处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)

6．         n.    联系；纽带

       vt.   把……连接起来；相关联

7．         n.   减少；降低；减少量

     vt.& vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低

8．         vt.   使改观；使改变形态

           vi.   改变；转变

9．         n.   发现；调查结果；(法律)判决

10．         adj.   可靠的；固体的；坚实的

         n.   固体

Ⅱ.匹配词义

A．单词匹配

第一组

(　　)1.thinking　 A．n.蛋白质

(　　)2.protein    B．n.病毒

(　　)3.cell    C．n.思想；思维；见解

(　　)4.virus    D．adj.最初的；开始的；第一的

(　　)5.initial    E．n.细胞；小房间；单间牢房

(　　)6.framework    F．n.彩虹

(　　)7.rainbow    G．n.框架；结构

(　　)8.concrete    H．n.领导；领导地位；领导才能

(　　)9.mechanic    I．n.机械师；机械修理工

(　　)10.leadership   J．n.混凝土adj.混凝土制的；确实的； 具体的

第二组

(　　)1.severe　　　 A．n.感染；传染

(　　)2.contradictory  B．adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的

(　　)3.infection    C．adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的

(　　)4.multiple    D．n.一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子

 的人

(　　)5.household    E．adj.数量多的；多种多样的

(　　)6.intervention  F．adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原

 始的

(　　)7.raw    G．adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的

(　　)8.substantial    H．n.介入；出面；干涉

(　　)9.statistic    I．n.显微镜

(　　)10.microscope    J．n. [pl.] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学

B．短语匹配

(　　)1.once and for all A．同意；赞同

(　　)2.subscribe to  B．幸亏；由于

(　　)3.thanks to    C．水泵

(　　)4.water pump  D．最终地；彻底地

(　　)5.theoretical framework    E．(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然

 开始；爆发

(　　)6.break out    F．理论框架

(　　)7.in charge of   G．下降；坠落

(　　)8.come down    H．最重要的是；尤其是

(　　)9.above all    I．主管；掌管

参考答案：

Ⅰ.默写单词

第一组：

1. cast
2. shadow
3. pour
4. defend
5. assistant
6. outstanding
7. gifted
8. brilliant
9. fault
10. shift

第二组：

1. subscribe
2. proof
3. suspect
4. blame
5. handle
6. link
7. decrease
8. transform
9. finding
10. solid

Ⅱ.匹配词义

A:单词匹配

第一组：1－5　CAEBD　6－10　GFJIH

第二组：1－5　BCAED　6－10　HFGJI

B:短语匹配

1－5　DABCF　6－9　EIGH

【核心词汇与句型部分】

Ⅰ.重点单词

1．________________ adj.  极为恶劣的；十分严重的

2．________________ adj.   相互矛盾的；对立的

3．________________ v.  倾倒

4．________________ adj.  数量多的；多种多样的

5．________________ vt.&vi.   怀疑；不信任n.  犯罪嫌疑人

6．________________ n.  概念；观念

7．________________ adj.  生的；未经处理的

8．________________ n.  影子；阴影

9．________________ n.  思想；思维

10．________________ adj.  可靠的；固体的；坚实的

11．________________ n．&adj.  混凝土；确实的，具体的

12．________________ adj.  优秀的；杰出的

13．________________ adj.  大量的；价值巨大的

14．________________ adj.  聪颖的；绝妙的

15．________________ vt.&n.  责怪；指责

Ⅱ.拓展单词

1．________ vt. 使感染，传染→________ n. 感染；传染→________ adj.传染的

2．________ adj.相互矛盾的→________ v. 与……矛盾

3．________ n．&vt.&vi.减少；降低→(反)________ n. 增加，提高

4．________ vt. 保卫；防守→________ n. 防御，防守

5．________ vt.& vi. 改变；转变→________  n. 改变；转变

6．________ v. 帮助→________ n. 助理；助手→________ n．帮助，援助

7．________ n．礼物；天赋v.赋予→________ adj. 有天赋的，有才华的

8．________  vi. 认购(股份)，定期订购→________ n．订阅，订购

9．________ adj. 最初的，开始的→________ adv.最初，首先

10．________ adj. 干净的；纯的→_______ n. 纯洁，纯粹→______  v. 净化；使纯净

Ⅲ.核心短语

1．________________  最终地；彻底地

2．________________  幸亏；由于

3．________________   最重要的是；尤其是

4．________________   追溯到

5．________________   突然开始；爆发

6．________________   主管；掌握

7．________________  劝阻某人不要做某事

8．________________  理论框架

9．________________   熟悉

10．________________   指出

Ⅳ.重点句型

1．比较级与否定词连用， 表示最高级

To a person, ________________ their life.

对于一个人来说，没有什么比生命更珍贵了。

2．“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构

The teacher taught the students ____________________ .老师教学生们如何做试验。

3．so...that...引导结果状语从句

She is ________________________ we all like her.

她是一个如此可爱的女孩，我们都喜欢她。

Ⅰ.重点单词

1．severe　2.contradictory　3.pour　4.multiple　5.suspect　6.concept

7．raw　8.shadow　9.thinking　10.solid　11.concrete　12.outstanding　13.substantial　14.brilliant　15.blame

Ⅱ.拓展单词

1．infect　infection　infectious　2.contradictory　contradict　3.decrease　increase　4.defend　defence　5.transform　transformation　6.assist　assistant　assistance　7.gift　gifted　8.subscribe　subscription　9.initial　initially　10.pure　purity　purify

Ⅲ.核心短语

1．once and for all　2.thanks to　3.above all　4.trace back to

5．break out　6.in charge of　7.discourage sb. from doing sth.

8．theoretical framework　9.be familiar with　10.point out

Ⅳ.重点句型

1．nothing is more precious than

2．how to do the experiment

3．so lovely a girl that

【课文语法填空与句子翻译】

Ⅰ.After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.

In the early 19th century,1._______ a severe cholera hit Europe，John Snow became 2.________(frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.3. _____ he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.Snow subscribed to the theory that cholera 4._________(cause) by an 5.______(infect) from germs in food or water.Snow began by 6._______(mark) on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.As 7.____ result，John Snow was able to announce that the pump water 8._______(carry) cholera germs.9._________(according)，he had the handle of the pump 10._________(remove) so that it could not be used.Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks.

1.when   2. frustrated  3. But  4.was caused  5.infection  6.marking 7. a 8. carried  9.Accordingly 10. removed

Ⅱ. 课文句子翻译

1．直到英国医生约翰·斯诺证明了霍乱能够被战胜之前，它一直是世界上最可怕的疾病之一。

_________________________________________________

2．一种理论说坏的气体引发疾病，另一种理论则说霍乱是通过食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。

_________________________________________________

3．斯诺开始在地图上标注所有死者生活的精确地址。

_________________________________________________

4．斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。

_________________________________________________

5．因此，他把泵的手柄去掉使它不能再被使用。

_________________________________________________

6．喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或开水的人更容易得霍乱。

_________________________________________________

7．钱学森1911年出生于杭州，在北京上学后进入上海交通大学学习铁路机械工程。

_________________________________________________

8．他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的航天和导弹计划。

_________________________________________________

9．因为他得了一种使他无法运用大部分肌肉的疾病，他的世界就变成了一个抽象的思想世界。

_________________________________________________

10．除了才华横溢外，他还很勇敢，尽管有时说话或做事都很粗心。

_________________________________________________

11．他愿意说出别人不敢说的话，也愿意梦见别人不敢梦到的事。

_________________________________________________

1.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.

2.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.

3.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.

4.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.

5.Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.

6.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.

7.Born in Hangzhou in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.

8.He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.

9.Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles，his world became one of abstract thought.

10.Besides being brilliant，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did.

11.He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.

【单元能力拓展】

一．单词拼写

1.   It is assumed that the country will face______________(严重的)economic problems due to the natural disasters.
2.   His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would in turn_______________(感染) other students.
3.   I am firmly convinced that these ______________(证据) can prove that this man is closely connected with crime.
4.   In reality, Susan admits that she can’t sort out all the mess in the ______________(家庭), even though she knows it drives her mother crazy.
5.   Exercising is essential to everybody because it makes you more awake and ready to _____________(处理)whatever is ahead of you for the day.
6.   Is there proof that_________________(生的) vegetables and fruit will contain the most nutrients because cooking can remove some nutrients?
7.   In much of the animals world, night is the time entirely set aside for sleep----_____________(纯粹)and simple.
8.   Of the two _____________(矛盾的) aspects, one must be principal and the other secondary.
9.   It is unexpected that the police searched the _____________(犯罪嫌疑人) but found no bombs on him.
10. He convinced us that he suffered__________________(数量多的)injuries in the accident.
11. Thanks to your help, it looks like they’re coming around to our way of _____________(思考).
12. The material, made from shrimp shells and _____________(蛋白质) produced from silk, is in shortage.
13. Ignoring the essential difference between the two research_____________(发现) will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
14. After an______________(最初的) struggle, he found his symptoms were strangely decreased by his daily tiring journey.
15. Measles(麻疹), which once was widespread, was nearly wiped out by the universal use of the MMR _________________(疫苗).
16. My first thought was to find a _________________(框架) for the story in some urban scenes.
17. The ________________(细胞) is the unit of which all living organisms are comprised of.
18. Would the evidence be ________________(可靠的) enough to convince a jury?
19. In both images, white clouds cast their _____________(阴影) onto the land surface below.
20. By the time the mechanic got up to leave, it was ______________(倾泻)outside.
21. Sometimes it may be helpful to use examples to explain _______________(抽象的) concepts.
22. Teamwork is very essential as trainees can learn the importance of ________________(领导才能)and being part of a bigger task.
23. Of the _______________(杰出的)ladies listed in the statistics, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
24. From the basic ________________(具体的) ideas to the more abstract problems, he is a master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.
25. Thousands of patriotic young men came forward, willing to ____________(保卫) their country.
26. It was his_____________(聪颖的，杰出的)performance in My Left Foot that established his reputation.
27. Mr Brown has earned the widespread respect of farmers,_____________(此外), they know they can trust him.
28. It’s my________________(过错)----I forgot to give the mechanic the message.
29. Most newspapers have ______________(改变)their ground entirely on this issue.
30. It is assumed that any true liver who ______________(投，抛)a pin into the fountain and gazes into it will see his or her future partner.

二．短语填空

subscribe to, be (more/less)likely to, thanks to, decrease by, once and for all, be (not) in charge of , find fault with, above all, come down with, break out, in defence of

1.   After overcoming the difficulty, the team proves____________________that they are the best.
2.   Some scientists____________________the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is rooted in the burning of fossil fuels.
3.   The finding is that in some cases, students _____________________be influenced by the friends around them than their teachers.
4.   The devoted man was recommended as manager of the big company ___________________the recommendation letter of his professor.
5.   According to the statistics, the traffic accidents in this city _________________30% last year.
6.   I think my assistant may be __________________a cold she can’t stop sneezing.
7.   This department ___________________energy and I suggest that you refer to relevant authorities.
8.   Those two celebrities got married a month a month before the war_____________________.
9.   We convince our customers that our goods compete in terms of product quality, reliability and _________________________variety.
10. It’s characteristic of her to speak out_________________justice.
11. If you always try to _______________others, it means that you have gained another shortcoming.

三．单句语法填空

1.   Many business started up by college students have taken off thanks _____domestic comfortable climate for business creation.
2.   The programme which he was devoted to failed, which made him very__________(frustrate).
3.   We learn to protect ourselves from severe diseases, and also we should know what to do to prevent _______________(infection) and save or prolong lives.
4.   It’s difficult for people who live in poverty to subscribe ___________newspapers to get information.
5.   To the terror of everyone, they blew up a government building, which generated the whole world’s blame ___________their act of terrorism.
6.   There is no doubt that your disease is linked___________your diet which isn’t adequate in nutrition.
7.   The president came under severe criticism for his _____________(handle) of the crisis.
8.   The modern technology has transformed our country from a farm-based poverty society _______an industrial power.
9.   I was impressed by the way_________which she tackled the problem.
10. We hurried to the airport only to find that the plane__________(delay) due to the bad weather.
11. It is convinced that playing ping-pong can only build _________your body but also shape your character.
12. The medical expert with his assistant is seeking for the effective measures to deal ______infections.
13. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your __________(think) is also disordered and confused.
14. Thanks to the modern technology, scientists have made great advances________space exploration.
15. Research ___________(find) have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as “night owls” and only 10 percent can be classified as “early birds”.
16. ___________(initial), the project will mainly focus on urban areas, where most of the human deaths have occurred.
17. When the delayed flight will take off depends much_______the weather, which makes him very frustrated.
18. Once you are determined to devote yourself to something, you must get down to________(do) it well.
19. We didn’t figure out a solution to the crisis until midnight. Then we awoke to bright sunlight___________(pour) in through the window.
20. Before the fight broke out, two of his friends came to his____________(defend).
21. The musician felt frustrated that his only son was not musically____________(gift).
22. After he took the medicine, the pain____________(steady) decreased in intensity.
23. John Snow’s ways to control cholera worked______________(brilliant).
24. A fair number of people advocate a large-scale shift _________organic farming from conventional agriculture.
25. I can still____________(vivid) remember my grandfather teaching me to handle a horse.

四．表语从句专练

1.   This is _________my father has taught me----to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
2.   The trouble is _________I am anxious to find my microscope, but it is nowhere to be found.
3.   Peter showed me that what matters is_________you convey your own passion so that you excite other people.
4.   What the doctors really doubt is_________the infection disease can be brought under control.
5.   The reason__________he felt frustrated was_______he didn’t attain his goal.
6.   My suggestion is_________we should try our best to make our dream become a reality.
7.   The key is__________I can find a vegetable oil rich in essential fatty acids.
8.   The doctor’s advice is _________you should build up your strength.
9.   The question is ___________will come to help us overcome the difficulty.
10. ---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?----Oh, that’s _____makes me feel frustrated.
11. See the sorghum and wheat in the bags? That was ________we did this morning.
12. This is__________we found positive proof.
13. Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is _________decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special significance.
14. The raw materials are ___________you left them.
15. What I can’t understand is ________the number of new students in our school has decreased.
16. The question discussed at the meeting was_________it was worth trying.
17. All this was over twenty years ago, but it is_______it were only yesterday.
18. The trouble is__________I lost the key to my room.
19. If I’m a bit sleepy, it’s_________I was up all right.
20. He is no longer__________he was.

一．1.severe   2.infect    3.proofs   4.household   5.handle  6.raw   7.pure   8.contradictory     9.suspect   10.multiple    11.thinking  12.proteins   13.findings  14.initial    15.vaccine   16.framework   17.cell     18.solid   19.shadows    20.pouring

21. abstract    22.leadership   23.outstanding   24.concrete   25.defend   26.brilliant  27.Furthermore    28.fault   29.shifted   30.casts

二．1.once and for all    2.subscribe to  3.are more likely to   4.thanks to   5.decreased by

6.   coming down with    7.is not in charge of  8.broke out  9.above all  10.in defence of  11.find fault with

三．1.to   2.frustrated    3.infections   4.to   5.for    6.to   7.handling   8.into   9.in  10.had been delayed   11.up  12.with   13.thinking   14.in  15.findings   16.Initially   17.on/upon   18.doing    19.pouring    20.defence   21.gifted   22.steadily   23.brilliantly     24.to   25.vividly  

四．1.what    2.that   3.how   4.whether   5.why, that   6.that   7.where   8.that  9.who  10.what   11.what   12.where   13.why   14.where   15.why   16.whether   17.as if   18.that   19.because   20.what