Unit5 First Aid【知识归纳&过关检测】-2022-2023学年高二英语单元复习

人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册单元核心知识点归纳

                   Unit 5　First Aid

【一词多义】

1．acid n．酸  adj.酸的；酸性的；尖刻的

①Everyone doesn't like to hear the acid remarks.

尖刻的

②This chemical acts as a part of an acid in our experiment.

酸

③Cars cause pollution，both smog and acid rain.

酸的；酸性的

2．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的 n．未成年人；辅修科目

①He had three minors this semester.

辅修科目

②This is a very minor operation and there is very little risk involved.

较小的

③The law forbids shops to sell alcohol to minors.

未成年人

【衍生词汇】

1．metre n．米→millimetre n. 毫米；千分之一米

2．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→minority n．少数；少数民族

3．loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→loosely adv.松弛地；零散地

4．radiate vt.发射出(光、热等) →radiation n．辐射；放射线

5．urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→urgency n．紧迫；急迫；急事

【词汇短语解析】

                                                                                                                                  desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的

(教材P56)　He was now holding his throat with his face turning red，while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.

现在他正掐着自己的喉咙，红着脸，而他绝望的朋友们在拍打着他的背。

[例1]　They made a desperate attempt to save the company.

他们为挽救公司作孤注一掷的努力。

[例2]　They are desperate to escape.

他们急于想逃跑。

[翻译]　突然丢钱使他很绝望。

The sudden loss of his money made him desperate.

                                                                                                                                  ease vt.减轻；缓解  vi.& vt.使容易；使顺利  n．容易；舒适；自在

(教材P51)　Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease discomfort.

在烧伤的地方涂上黄油或油会有帮助，因为它可以减少肿胀和缓解不适。

[例1]　A smile is a sign that you are happy，which helps put people at ease.

微笑表示你感到高兴，它能使人感到自在。

[例2]　My parents are retired and now live a life of ease.

我的父母都退休了，现在过着安逸舒适的生活。

[翻译]　医生给了他一些止痛药来减轻他的痛苦。

The doctor gave him some painkillers to ease the pain.

                                                                                                                                  interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰  vt.使暂停；使中断

(教材P56)　Chen Wei，a high school student in Beijing，had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.

陈伟是北京的一名高中生，当他听到另一张桌子上有人在尖叫时，他的晚餐被打断了。

[例1]　I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?

对不起，打断你一下，但他们怎么会住在这儿呢？

[例2]　It is not polite to interrupt when someone is talking.

在别人讲话时打断他是不礼貌的。

[翻译]　我正忙的时候请不要来打扰我。

Don't interrupt me when I am busy.

                                                                                                                                  justify vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由

(教材P56)　How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing？

我怎么能证明坐在那里什么都不做是正当的呢？

[例1]　He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.

他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。

[例2]　How can you justify spending so much money？

你怎么能对花掉这么多钱做出令人满意的解释呢？

[翻译]　你能证明你有着充分理由可以那样说吗？

Can you justify yourself in saying that?

                                                                                                                                  loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的

(教材P51)　Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.

用一块宽松的干净布覆盖烧伤区域。

[例1]　She is wearing a loose dress.

她穿着一件宽松的连衣裙。

[例2]　His logic is too loose to make much sense.

他的推理太不严密，没什么道理。

[翻译]　马自由自在地在田野里。

The horse is loose in the field.

                                                                                                                                  minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的

(教材P50)　Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.

例如轻微的晒伤和其他轻微的家庭事故造成的灼伤。

[例1]　That's a relatively minor matter.We can leave it till later.

相对来说那是件小事。我们可以把它留到以后解决。

[例2]　Even minor head injuries can cause long­lasting psychological effects.

即使是轻微的头部创伤也会对心理产生长期影响。

[翻译]　就是小问题才会累积。

It's the little minor problems that add up.

                                                                                                                                  panic vi.& vt.(使)惊慌  n．惊恐；恐慌

(教材P55)　Listen carefully and don't panic.

仔细听，不要惊慌。

[例1]　I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.

我感到非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。

[例2]　There was a panic when the building caught fire.

大楼起火时，人们一片惊慌。

[翻译]　人们听到枪声感到惊慌。

The crowd panicked at the sound of the guns.

                                                                                                                                  scream vi.& vt.(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫  n．尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音

(教材P56)　Chen Wei，a high school student in Beijing，had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.

陈伟是北京的一名高中生，当他听到另一张桌子上有人在尖叫时，他的晚餐被打断了。

[例1]　People were staggering about，screaming with pain.

人们跌跌撞撞地四处乱跑，痛苦地尖叫着。

[例2]　People ran for the exits，screaming out in terror.

人们奔向出口，恐惧地尖叫着。

[翻译]　整个屋子都能听到她那高声的尖叫。

Her loud screams could be heard all over the house.

                                                                                                                                  sense of touch触觉

(教材P50)　It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch.

你的皮肤是抵御疾病、毒素和阳光的屏障。它还有助于控制体温，防止身体失去太多的水分，当东西太热或太冷时，给你警告，并使你有触觉。

[例1]　His sense of touch gradually took the place of sight.

他的触觉逐步代替了视觉。

[例2]　Newly developed robots have a sense of touch and are able to see and make decisions.

新开发的机器人有触觉，可以看见物体，还能做决定。

[翻译]　他们非常相信自己的触觉。

They trusted their own sense of touch very much.

                                                                                                                                  technique n．技能；技术；技艺

(教材P50)　What first­aid techniques do you know of?

你知道哪些急救技巧？

[例1]　The new technique works better than the one it has replaced.

这项新技术比之前的效果要好。

[例2]　She needs to work on her interview technique if she's going to get a job.

如果她想找到工作，就需要在面试技巧上下功夫。

[翻译]　处理那类问题他有特殊技巧。

He has a special technique for dealing with problems of that sort.

                                                                                                                                  urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的

(教材P51)　If the victim is suffering from second or third­degree burns，there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.

如果受害者属于二度或三度烧伤，就需要立即送他/她去医院。

[例1]　Can you come to the phone—it sounds urgent.

你能来接个电话吗——听起来挺紧急的。

[例2]　Don't forget that one，it's rather urgent.

别把那事忘了，情况相当紧急。

[翻译]　现在她需要紧急治疗。

She needs urgent treatment now.

【句式解析】

                                                                                                                                  have sth. done结构

(教材P56)　Chen Wei，a high school student in Beijing，had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.

陈伟是北京的一名高中生，当他听到另一张桌子上有人在尖叫时，他的晚餐被打断了。

句式分析：句中had his dinner interrupted是“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，his dinner与动词interrupt之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。

[例1]　The boss had me set down what people present at the meeting said.

老板让我记录下出席会议的人员所说的话。

[例2]　The patient is going to have his temperature taken.

这个病人准备请人量体温。

[翻译]　不幸的是，他在训练中把右腿弄伤了。

Unfortunately，he had his right leg injured during the training.

[名师点津]

have sth. done相当于make/get sth. done；不管“have sth. done”结构表示何种意义，sth.与done之间都存在着逻辑上的动宾关系。

                                                                                                                                  if...省略句结构

(教材P51)　Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.

如果有必要的话，用剪刀剪掉衣服，除非你看到布料粘在烧焦的皮肤上。

句式分析：句中if necessary为if it is necessary的省略结构。

[例1]　If necessary the patient can then visit his doctor for further advice.

如有必要，病人可以上门咨询自己的医生以得到更多的建议。

[例2]　The article could be spun out to 6，000 words if necessary.

如果需要的话，这篇文章可以加长到六千字。

[翻译]　如果需要，打个电话给我。

If necessary，give me a ring.

                                                                                                                                  as引导非限制性定语从句

(教材P50)　As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 正如你想象的那样，烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。

句式分析：句中As you can imagine 是关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容，作imagine的宾语。

[例1]　As you can imagine，running out of memory is a bad thing.

正如您可以想象的，内存耗尽是一件很糟糕的事情。

[例2]　As you know，if you do the same thing over and over again，you begin to do it automatically.正如你所知道的，如果你反复做同一件事，你就会不自觉地做它。

[翻译]　众所周知，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。

As is known to all，China is a country with the largest population in the world.

【长难句解析】

1．Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea，as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.

[分析] 句中Applying oil to the injured areas为动名词短语作主语，谓语为第三人称单数，as引导的是一个原因状语从句。

[译文] 在烧伤的地方涂油是不明智的，因为它会使里面的热散不出去，并可能导致感染。

2．It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch.

[分析] 句中and连接表示顺承关系的四个并列谓语，其中when things are too hot or cold为when引导的时间状语从句。

[译文] 它还有助于控制体温，防止身体失去太多的水分，当东西太热或太冷时，给你警告，并使你有触觉。