专题08 完形填空12篇(15空)(名校最新真题)-2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中考点大串讲(牛津译林版2020)
展开专题09 语法填空
▲命题特点
高考英语语法填空题选材为一篇约200词的短文,短文中留出10个空,要求学生按照句子结构的语法性和上下文的连贯性,在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,使填充后的短文结构完整、意义连贯、词法和句法形式正确。语法填空给出整篇材料,充分体现了语言环境,是一种科学的、注重实际运用的命题形式。其目的在于考查学生以一定的语言知识为前提,在特定的语言环境中完成具体的学习任务的能力。具体来说就是阅读理解文章大意的能力、分析句子结构的能力、单词转换拼写能力、逻辑推理能力和熟练运用语法知识的能力。
语法填空的命题形式可分为两大类,一大类是有提示词的题,语篇留出的10个空中有提示词的大约是6到7个。括号中的提示词常是实词,即名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等。考生需要综合运用各项语言知识技能,特别是灵活运用各项语法知识和词汇转换技巧,结合文章意思,才能用所给词的适当形式填空。在这几类词中,考查频率较高的是动词,其次为形容词以及名词。
▲技巧点拨
提示词
1、动词
(1)谓语动词
一般考查1-2个,考生需要根据句子结构判断是否缺谓语动词。一旦确定句子缺少谓语动词,需要从3个方面考虑:时态、语态、主谓一致。确定时态要先观察本句中有无时间状语,不同的时间状语对应不同的时态。没有时间状语的,根据上下文中的时态确定空格的时态,常考查的时态有一般过去时和现在完成时。确定好时态后要考虑语态,也就是谓语动词与主语之间的关系,是主动还是被动。确定时态语态之后,还需考虑主谓一致的问题,即根据主语的单复数形式确定谓语动词的形式。
(2)非谓语动词
一般考查2个左右,这是语法填空中的一大难点。首先,要先观察设空句的主句和从句中有没有谓语动词来判断是否选用非谓语动词;其次要根据句子成分(主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等)明确合适的非谓语动词形式(不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词)。总之,可以把握一个总体方向,即V-ing形式往往表主动或动作进行,过去分词一般表示被动或完成,不定式一般作目的状语或后置定语。
2、形容词、副词
命题主要围绕两点:一是形容词、副词的比较级与最高级;二是构词,如形容词变副词、动词变形容词、名词变形容词等词性转换和un-, dis-, in-, im-, ir-, il-等否定前缀。
3、名词
除动词变名词的词性转换外,名词主要考查单复数和所有格的变化。
4、代词
考查代词时有时会给出提示词,这种情况多考查人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)以及反身代词。
无提示词
1、介词
对于介词的考查以介词与动词、形容词或名词的固定搭配为主,考生平时一定要注重阅读积累,培养做题语感。
2、冠词
冠词的用法主要和名词连在一起,根据上下文进行判断是用定冠词还是不定冠词,还要注意首字母是元音音素还是辅音音素,如an hour/an honor/an honest man/a unique building。考生也要积累一些含有冠词的固定搭配,如all of a sudden, in a hurry, take an interest in, have a good understanding of 等。
3、代词
考查代词时如无提示词,则重点考查代词it,it可代指前文提到的单数名词或不可数名词,也可作形式主语或形式宾语,还有一些固定结构,如take it seriously, take it for granted that..., when it comes to...等。
4、连词
连词的考查包括的内容比较宽泛,主要分为两大类,即并列句和复合句,这也是做连词题的关键。并列句是用并列连词将两个或两个以上的简单句串联构成的长句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。常考查的并列连词包括表转折的连词but, while, yet;表并列的连词and, or;表因果的连词because, so等。
主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。复合句的考查主要包括定语从句的关系词(关系代词、关系副词)、名词性从句的连接词(从属连词、连接代词、连接副词)和各类状语从句的连接词。因此,考生务必要掌握三大从句的基本规则,做题时先判断从句类型,再分析从句成分,根据句意选择恰当的关系词或连接词。
▲模拟演练
一
(2023·湖南长沙·高一校联考期中)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever had problems in your life? Have you ever wondered how to be happy? If so, you will find “Being a Happy Teenager” ____1____ (use). In____2____ (he) book, Matthews tells us how to have a happy life and answers the questions of teenagers.
About problems with parents and friends, the book says we should stop ____3____ (be) angry and forgive (宽恕). The book tells us some skills such as how to put everything ____4____we have learned from life into beautiful pictures. Many teenagers think that ____5____(happy) comes from a good exam result or praise from other people. But you can still be happy even ____6____ there are no such “good” things.
Success comes from ____7____ good attitude. If you learn from problems, you____8____(have) success in the future.
Some school ____9____ (student) have problems such as being too tall or too short. But Matthews tells us that we should think about things _____10_____ a positive way. This is Matthews’ most important lesson: you choose to be happy!
【答案】
1.useful 2.his 3.being 4.that 5.happiness 6.if##though 7.a 8.will have 9.students 10.in
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Matthews写的《成为一个快乐的青少年》这本书的内容。
1.考查形容词。句意:如果是这样,你会发现《成为一个快乐的青少年》这本书有用。find后加宾语和宾语补足语,宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明,根据语境可知,此处指“这本书《成为一个快乐的青少年》很有用”,所以用形容词useful作宾语补足语。故填useful。
2.考查代词。句意:在他的书里,Matthews告诉我们如何过快乐的生活并回答了青少年们的问题。修饰名词用形容词物主代词,作定语。故填his。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:关于父母和朋友的问题,书中说我们应该停止生气并宽恕。根据句意可知,此处是固定搭配stop doing sth.“停止做某事”,用动名词作宾语,故填being。
4.考查定语从句。句意:这本书告诉我们一些技巧,比如如何把我们从生活中学到的一切放到美丽的图画中去。“ 4 we have learned from life into beautiful pictures.”是一个限定性定语从句,先行词是everything,关系词在从句中作宾语,指物,先行词是不定代词,只能用that,不能用which。故填that。
5.考查名词。句意:许多青少年认为快乐来自良好的成绩或他人的赞扬。“that 5 (happy) comes from a good grade or praise from other people.”是一个宾语从句,该空在宾语从句中作主语,用名词,所以填happiness,是不可数名词。故填happiness。
6.考查连接词。句意:但是,你仍然可以快乐,即使没有这样的“好事”。即使没有这些好事情,你仍然能够快乐,前后构成转折关系,even if/though“即使”符合句意,故填if或though。
7.考查冠词。句意:成功来自于一种良好的态度。attitude被形容词good修饰,为具体化,是可数名词,所以用不定冠词表示泛指,good的发音开头是辅音音素,应用a。故填a。
8.考查时态。句意:如果你从问题中学习,未来你将会成功。这是一个条件状语从句,时态采用“主将从现”原则,主句用一般将来时。故填will have。
9.考查名词。句意:一些学生有问题,如太高或太矮。student“学生”可数名词,由some修饰,用复数。故填students。
10.考查介词。句意:但Matthews告诉我们,我们应该以积极的方式思考事情。in a …way意为“以……方式”,该用法是固定用法。故填in。
二.
(2023·广东广州·高一校考期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shenzhou XIII crew members became the first Chinese ____11____ (spend) the nation's most important festival, the Chinese Lunar New Year, in outer space. Onboard China's space station core module, taikonauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu extended ____12____ (they) Spring Festival greetings in a video on New Year's eve. They wished the motherland and all Chinese people prosperity. While ____13____ (display) a pair of couplets, Commander Zhai, a Chinese calligraphy enthusiast, said, “I wish all of you good ____14____ (healthy) and good luck in everything you do.” Dressed ____15____ festive costumes, Wang held a balloon with Chinese character “Fu”, meaning good luck. Ye also held ____16____ sticker with the Chinese character “Fu”. In addition, the taikonauts decorated the orbiting core module with red ____17____ (lantern), Chinese knots and paper-cut crafts.
On Oct. 16, 2021, the Shenzhou XIII mission sent the three taikonauts into the space station, a six-month stay, the ____18____ (long) ever duration in the country's manned space program. Multiple tasks ____19____ (complete) by them over the past five months, including performing two spacewalks and a live science lecture. There is a general belief _____20_____ more Chinese people will enjoy the Spring Festival in space in the future.
【答案】
11.to spend 12.their 13.displaying 14.health 15.in 16.a 17.lanterns 18.longest 19.have been completed 20.that
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了神舟十三号机组人员成为第一个在外太空度过中国最重要节日农历新年的中国人。介绍了他们给中国人民拜年的情况。
11.考查非谓语动词。句意:神舟十三号机组人员成为第一个在外太空度过中国最重要节日农历新年的中国人。Chinese由序数词修饰,后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to spend。
12.考查代词。句意:除夕夜,中国空间站核心舱航天员翟志刚、王亚平和叶光富在一段视频中送上了他们的春节祝福。修饰后文名词greetings应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
13.考查非谓语动词。句意:在展示一副对联时,中国书法爱好者翟说:“祝大家身体健康,万事如意。” 在while引导的状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语和be,从句完整形式为While Commander Zhai was displaying a pair of couplets,相当于省略了Commander Zhai was。故填displaying。
14.考查名词。句意:在展示一副对联时,中国书法爱好者翟说:“祝大家身体健康,万事如意。”作宾语,表示“健康”应用名词health,不可数。故填health。
15.考查介词。句意:身穿节日服装的王亚平举着一个写有“福”字的气球,意思是好运。结合句意表示“穿着”可知短语为be dressed in。故填in。
16.考查冠词。句意:叶还拿着一张写有“福”字的贴纸。sticker为可数名词,此处表泛指应用不定冠词,且sticker是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
17.考查名词的数。句意:此外,宇航员还用红灯笼、中国结和剪纸装饰了在轨运行的核心舱。lantern为可数名词,根据后文Chinese knots and paper-cut crafts可知数量大于一应用复数形式。故填lanterns。
18.考查最高级。句意:2021年10月16日,神舟十三号任务将三名宇航员送入空间站,在空间站停留了六个月,这是中国载人航天计划中停留时间最长的一次。根据上文定冠词the以及句意“最长的”可知应用形容词最高级longest。故填longest。
19.考查时态。句意:在过去的5个月里,他们完成了包括两次太空行走和现场科学讲座在内的多项任务。主语与谓语构成被动关系,根据后文over the past five months可知为现在完成时的被动语态,主语为tasks,助动词用have。故填have been completed。
20.考查同位语从句。句意:人们普遍认为,将来会有更多的中国人在太空过春节。此处为同位语从句,解释说明belief的内容,从句不缺少成分,句意完整,故用that。故填that。
三.
(2023·湖北·高一校联考期中)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Valentine’s Day in China
It is really difficult to know the exact time ____21____ western Valentine’s Day was introduced into China. However, western Valentine’s Day is ____22____ (wide) celebrated in urban areas where there are a lot of commercial (商业的) events, especially in big cities like Shanghai, Beijing, Hong Kong and Guangzhou. Valentine’s Day is not so popular in small cities, ____23____ (town) and the countryside.
So far, Chinese people ____24____ (accept) the tradition westerners on celebrating Valentine’s Day, such as ____25____ (exchange) gifts, having a romantic dinner, watching a movie in the evening or even making a marriage registration if Valentine’s Day falls on a workday.
On this day, larger amounts of chocolate will be on sale in supermarkets, ____26____ compared with the ordinary days, cinemas will be much ____27____ (busy) and the price of flowers and restaurants and hotels can be a lot higher. Many restaurants will have special menus, especially those in Hong Kong, Beijing and Shanghai. If you want to have a smooth ____28____ (celebrate) on Valentine’s Day, remember ____29____ (make) reservations (预定) as far in advance as you can.
Chinese people have also made some changes to the western way of celebrating Valentine’s Day. For some couples, the husband may prepare a rich dinner or buy a beautiful dress _____30_____ his wife on this day to show his appreciation.
【答案】
21.when 22.widely 23.towns 24.have accepted 25.exchanging 26.and 27.busier 28.celebration 29.to make 30.for
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西方的情人节在中国的流行情况以及一些情人节的庆祝活动。
21.考查定语从句。句意:很难知道西方情人节是什么时候传入中国的。此处为定语从句修饰先行词time,先行词在从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when引导。故填when。
22.考查副词。句意:然而,西方情人节在城市地区被广泛庆祝,那里有很多商业活动,尤其是在像上海、北京、香港和广州这样的大城市。修饰后文动词celebrate应用副词widely,作状语,表示“广泛地”。故填widely。
23.考查名词的数。句意:情人节在小城市、城镇和农村并不那么流行。town为可数名词,根据上文cities可知应用复数形式。故填towns。
24.考查时态。句意:到目前为止,中国人已经接受了西方人庆祝情人节的传统,比如交换礼物、吃一顿浪漫的晚餐、晚上看一场电影,甚至如果情人节赶上了工作日,还会去登记结婚。根据上文so far可知应用现在完成时,主语为people,助动词用have。故填have accepted。
25.考查非谓语动词。句意:到目前为止,中国人已经接受了西方人庆祝情人节的传统,比如交换礼物、吃一顿浪漫的晚餐、晚上看一场电影,甚至如果情人节赶上了工作日,还会去登记结婚。此处作介词的宾语,exchange应用动名词形式。故填exchanging。
26.考查连词。句意:这一天,超市会有大量的巧克力出售,并且与平时相比,电影院会更加繁忙,鲜花和餐厅酒店的价格会高很多。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系,应用连词and。故填and。
27.考查比较级。句意:这一天,超市会有大量的巧克力出售,并且与平时相比,电影院会更加繁忙,鲜花和餐厅酒店的价格会高很多。much修饰比较级,表示“更忙的”应用busier。故填busier。
28.考查名词。句意:如果你想在情人节有一个顺利的庆祝活动,记得尽可能提前预订。作宾语,表示“庆祝活动”应用名词celebration,不定冠词提示用单数。故填celebration。
29.考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你想在情人节有一个顺利的庆祝活动,记得尽可能提前预订。结合句意表示“记得要做某事”可知短语为remember to do sth.。故填to make。
30.考查介词。句意:对一些夫妇来说,丈夫可能会在这一天为妻子准备一顿丰盛的晚餐或买一件漂亮的衣服来表达他的感激之情。结合句意表示“为某人准备……”短语为prepare sth. for sb.。故填for。
四.
(2023·山东·高一统考期中)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(每空一词)或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
Sometimes all it takes to make the day better is a smile, whether it’s one someone gives to you, or one you share with another. Little acts of kindness can bring ____31____ shining smile to someone who has otherwise had a terrible day and it can change everything that follows. ____32____ it’s just a word of praise, a cheery hello, or a gift of something small to help brighten their day, World Smile Day encourages you to take ____33____ ( act ) to bring a few more smiles into the world.
World Smile Day is the perfect day ____34____ ( make ) others smile while also ensuring you have a smile on your face well. It can ____35____ ( represent ) by lots of events that go on around the globe. All of them have been designed to make people feel ____36____ ( happy ) and to share great moments with others. We see organizations, people, and schools get involved, with many ____37____ ( variety ) activities going on to make a person smile. This includes ____38____ ( send ) lovely messages to people and giving food to those who need it.
Not only does the smiley face add a lot of joy ____39____ people, but it’s making a lot of money too! Surely we will see people smiling when they look at how much money the Smiley Company office is bringing in. After all, ____40____ is worth over $55 million per year!
【答案】
31.a 32.Whether 33.action 34.to make 35.be represented 36.happier 37.various 38.sending 39.to 40.It
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了微笑的巨大力量。
31.考查冠词。句意:小小的善举可以给那些过了糟糕的一天的人带来灿烂的微笑,也可以改变接下来的一切。根据句式结构及可数名词smile可知,此处需要使用冠词a表示泛指。故填a。
32.考查让步状语从句。句意:无论是一句赞美的话,一个愉快的问候,还是一件小礼物,让他们的一天充满阳光,世界微笑日鼓励你采取行动,给世界带来更多的微笑。根据句式结构及句意分析可知,此处需要使用连词引导从句,根据句意可知,需使用whether引导让步状语从句,“whether…or…”意为“不管…”,故填Whether。
33.考查名词。句意:无论是一句赞美的话,一个愉快的问候,还是一件小礼物,让他们的一天充满阳光,世界微笑日鼓励你采取行动,给世界带来更多的微笑。根据句式结构可知,此处需要使用名词做take的宾语,“take action”意为“采取行动”。故填action。
34.考查非谓语动词。句意:世界微笑日是让别人微笑的完美日子,同时也确保你脸上有笑容。根据句子结构分析可知,此处make为非谓语动词作定语,修饰名词day,因主语World Smile Day与make是主动关系,因此需使用不定式的主动式。故填to make。
35.考查被动语态。句意:它可以通过全球发生的许多事件来体现。根据主语It与represent是被动关系可知,此处需要使用被动语态,故填be represented。
36.考查形容词比较级。句意:所有这些都是为了让人们感到更快乐,并与他人分享美好时光。根据句子结构可知,此处需要使用形容词作feel的表语,根据句意可知,此处表达“让人们更开心”因此需要使用形容词比较级。故填happier。
37.考查形容词。句意:我们看到组织、个人和学校都参与进来,通过各种各样的活动让人微笑。根据句式结构及名词activities可知,此处需要使用形容词作定语,修饰名词activities,故填various。
38.考查非谓语动词。句意:这包括给人们发送有爱的信息和给那些穷人食物。根据句式结构分析可知,此处send为非谓语动词作include的宾语,根据短语“include doing”意为“包含做……”,故填sending。
39.考查介词。句意:笑脸不仅给人们带来了很多欢乐。根据句意及短语“add sth. to sb.”意为“给某人增加……”,故填to。
40.考查代词。句意:毕竟,它每年价值超过5500万美元。根据句意可知,此处主语上文提到的“the smiley face(笑脸)”,因此需要使用代词表示代指,故填it。
五.
(2023·福建泉州·高一福建省安溪第一中学校联考期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some people are great at remembering faces. While, for some people, ___41___(remember) a face can be difficult. Even for others, it is much worse. Such people have a condition ___42___(call) “face blindness”. Its actual name is DP, which is short for Developmental Prosopagnosia.
Experts say DP can differ greatly from patient to patient. In ___43___severe cases, people are unable to describe the face of someone they have just met. In severe cases, people cannot even recognize their own children in a group photo.
Those who have DP show no clear signs. Take Dacia for example. If you met her, you ___44___(probable) wouldn’t know that she suffered brain damage as a child. There would be no sign of it until you meet her ___45___ second time. She wouldn’t remember you at all. Dacia has mostly recovered from her ___46___(injure). But now, she suffers from face blindness.
In the past, face blindness was thought to be very rare. But recent studies ___47___(indicate) that it might be more common than experts thought. The study on face blindness will not directly result ___48___ any treatments (治疗). ___49___, it may offer a much deeper understanding of ____50____we remember the world around us.
【答案】
41.remembering 42.called 43.less 44.probably 45.a 46.injury 47.have indicated 48.in 49.However 50.how
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了脸盲症的症状以及对脸盲症的一些研究。
41.考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,对一些人来说,记住一张脸可能很难。作句子的主语,remember应用动名词形式。故填remembering。
42.考查非谓语动词。句意:这些人患有一种叫做“脸盲症”的疾病。分析句子结构可知call在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语condition构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填called。
43.考查比较级。句意:在不那么严重的情况下,人们无法描述他们刚刚遇到的人的脸。结合句意表示“不那么严重”应用比较级less。故填less。
44.考查副词。句意:如果你见过她,你可能不会知道她小时候受过脑损伤。修饰动词know应用副词probably,作状语。故填probably。
45.考查冠词。句意:在你第二次见到她之前是不会有任何迹象的。不定冠词(a/an)+序数词表示“又一/再一”的意思。故填a。
46.考查名词。句意:达契亚已经基本康复了。形容词性物主代词her后接名词,作宾语。故填injury。
47.考查时态。句意:但最近的研究表明,这种情况可能比专家认为的更普遍。根据上文recent可知应用现在完成时,主语为studies,助动词用have。故填have indicated。
48.考查介词。句意:对脸盲症的研究不会直接导致任何治疗。结合句意表示“导致”可知短语为result in。故填in。
49.考查副词。句意:然而,它可能会让我们更深入地了解我们是如何记住周围世界的。修饰后文整个句子,且表示转折,应用副词however,句首单词首字母要大写。故填However。
50.考查宾语从句。句意:然而,它可能会让我们更深入地了解我们是如何记住周围世界的。引导宾语从句,从句中缺少方式状语,故用how。故填how。
六
(2023·江苏南京·高一校联考期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
About 70 women “married” some trees in a ceremony against the building plans for 166 apartments, ___51___ could see the trees’ removal in Bristol, UK.
The “brides” participating wore wedding dresses from different cultures and symbolically (象征性地) married 74 trees in a ceremony ___52___ (hold) by a celebrant. Event organizers said their ___53___ (inspire) came from the Chipko women in India in the 1970s, who threw their arms around trees in the Himalayas to protect forests from ___54___ (destroy) by logging.
“Wedding ceremony” initiator Siobhan Kierans expressed the hope ___55___ the “marriage” ceremony showed trees are human’s partners for life.
A “bride”, Suzan Hackett said: “Marrying a tree is an absolute privilege, not just an emotional gesture, ___56___ highly significant and symbolic. Trees are pure examples of unconditional love, and it fits in so ___57___ (beautiful) with the whole idea of marriage. Marriage is for life; breathing is for life.”
The application, which remains ___58___ (approve), acknowledges that some of the trees need removing for the 166 apartments. Owners of the Baltic Wharf Caravan Site, where the 74 trees ___59___ (locate), have been informed by the city council to leave.
Prof John Tarlton said: “We cannot afford to lose these 74 trees. It is an enormous number of mature trees and in a part of Bristol that needs them most. So we must do something ___60___ advance.”
【答案】
51.which 52.held 53.inspiration 54.being destroyed 55.that 56.but 57.beautifully 58.to be approved 59.are located 60.in
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了约70名女性在婚礼上与一些树“结婚”去阻止这些树被拆除。
51.考查定语从句关系词。句意:在英国布里斯托尔,大约70名妇女在一场反对166套公寓建筑计划的仪式上“嫁”给了一些树木,这可能会导致树木被移除。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,先行词是the building plans for 166 apartments,指物,在从句中做主语,故应用关系代词which。故填which。
52.考查非谓语动词。句意:参加婚礼的“新娘”穿着来自不同文化的婚纱,在司仪的主持下象征性地与74棵树结婚。分析句子结构可知,本句是and引导的并列句,后句中的谓语动词是married,所以hold应该用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是ceremony与hold之间是被动关系,所以hold应该用过去分词表被动,作后置定语。故填held。
53.考查名词。句意:活动组织者说,他们的灵感来自于20世纪70年代印度的Chipko妇女,她们在喜马拉雅山上拥抱树木,保护森林免受砍伐破坏。分析句子结构可知,空前是形容词性物主代词their,后应接名词作宾语从句主语,inspire的名词是inspiration。故填inspiration。
54.考查非谓语动词。句意:活动组织者说,他们的灵感来自于20世纪70年代印度的Chipko妇女,她们在喜马拉雅山上拥抱树木,保护森林免受砍伐破坏。分析句子结构可知,空前是介词from,所以空处应该用动名词形式做宾语,又因为destroy的逻辑主语是forests,两者是被动关系,所以应该用动名词的被动式,应填being destroyed。故填being destroyed。
55.考查宾语从句连接词。句意:“婚礼”发起人Siobhan Kierans表示,希望“婚礼”仪式表明树木是人类一生的伴侣。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,分析从句可知,从句句意结构完整,所以应用that引导。故填that。
56.考查连词。句意:作为一名“新娘”,苏珊·哈克特说:“和一棵树结婚是一种绝对的特权,不仅仅是一种情感上的姿态,而且具有高度的意义和象征意义。”分析句子结构可知,空处前后是并列关系,分析可知,此处是固定搭配not just...but...意为“不仅……还有……”。故填but。
57.考查副词。句意:树木是无条件的爱的纯粹例子,它与婚姻的整个理念完美契合。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空前的动词短语fit in,所以应该用副词beautifully作状语。故填beautifully。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意:这份有待批准的申请承认,166套公寓需要移除部分树木。分析句子结构可知,本句是which引导的非限制性定语从句,从句中已有谓语动词remain,所以approve应用非谓语形式,且与从句主语The application (即which)是逻辑被动关系,此处考查固定搭配remains to be done意为“还有待完成”。故填to be approved。
59.考查时态和语态。句意:Baltic Wharf Caravan Site的所有者,也就是74棵树所在的地方,已经被市议会通知离开。分析句子结构可知,此处是where引导的非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少谓语,所以locate应做从句谓语,它和主语tree之间是被动关系,所以应该用被动语态,又因本句陈述的是客观事实,所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态,从句主语the 74 trees复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填are located。
60.考查介词。句意:所以我们必须提前做点什么。分析句子结构可知,此处考查固定短语in advance意为“提前”。故填in。
七
(2023·河北邯郸·高一校联考期中)
阅读下列材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
How to Cook Beijing Roast Duck
Over a long period of development, Peking Duck recipe has been ____61____ ( firm ) established.
First, a suitable White Beijing Duck is chosen. After the bird has been plucked (去毛), air is pumped between its skin and flesh. Second, once the bird has been cleaned, ____62____ wooden stick is inserted through it for hanging and heating. The body cavity (腔) ____63____ ( fill ) with water. Third, the skin of the duck is air dried and brushed a layer of sugar. Fourth, chefs put the duck into a large oven, ____64____ ( use ) a smokeless hardwood fuel and heating to about 270 degrees Centigrade for 30 to 40 minutes. The duck is turned frequently during the roasting process ____65____ ( ensure ) even (均匀的) cooking.
Then the delicious dish is ready! It will be a shining in color and unique in flavor. Besides the ____66____ ( tradition ) one, many restaurants offer an All Duck Banquet. It will be sure to give you ____67____ ( satisfy ) and enjoyment.
There are also some points to ____68____ you need to pay attention. The best ____69____ ( season ) for eating it are spring, autumn and winter. The hot Duck will be brought to the dining table by the chef where he will cut it ____70____ more than 100 thin pieces.
【答案】
61.firmly 62.a 63.is filled 64.using 65.to ensure 66.traditional 67.satisfaction 68.which 69.seasons 70.into
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京烤鸭的做法。
61.考查副词。句意:经过长期的发展,北京烤鸭的配方已经牢固地建立起来。分析句式结构可知,此处用副词修饰过去分词 established。故填firmly。
62.考查冠词。句意:第二,一旦鸭子被清洗干净,插入一根木棍,用于悬挂和加热。分析句意可知,wooden stick为单数可数名词且此处表示泛指,wooden首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
63.考查动词时态和语态。句意:体腔内充满了水。分析句式结构可知,body cavity(腔)是单数主语且与fill之间为被动关系,又因为本句为客观事实,所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is filled。
64.考查非谓语。句意:第四,厨师将鸭子放入一个大烤箱,使用无烟硬木燃料,加热到270摄氏度,30到40分钟。 分析句式结构可知,本句谓语动词是put,空格处应该用非谓语动词做状语,且与句子主语chefs之间为主谓关系,所以此处用现在分词作状语。故填using。
65.考查不定式。句意:烤鸭在烤的过程中要经常翻动,以确保烹饪均匀。分析句式结构可知,此处用动词不定式作目的状语,符合语境。故填to ensure。
66.考查形容词。句意:除了传统的烤鸭,许多餐馆还提供全鸭宴。分析句式结构可知,此处应该用形容词修饰代词one。故填traditional。
67.考查名词。句意:它一定会给你满足和享受。分析句式结构可知,空处与名词enjoyment并列作give的宾语,所以此处也应该用名词。故填satisfaction。
68.考查定语从句。句意:还有一些要点需要注意。分析句式结构可知,本句为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,先行词为some points且介词to提前。故填which。
69.考查名词单复数。句意:春天、秋天和冬天是吃鸭子的最佳季节。根据下文的are spring, autumn and winter可知主语season应该用复数形式。故填seasons。
70.考查固定短语。句意:热烤鸭将由厨师端上餐桌,切成100多块薄片。分析句意可知,此处用固定短语cut sth into pieces表示“切成碎片”,符合语境。故填into。
八
(2023河北石家庄·高一石家庄市第二十一中学校考期末)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was a winter morning. I took a walk in the nearest park. On the road, there were people of all ages.
I noticed there was a crowd in a corner when I went ____71____ (close) and pushed my way to the front. Then I saw an old man ____72____ (lie) on the grass. A young woman in her early ____73____ ( twenty) next to him was crying. I could not understand why people there were doing nothing.
Suddenly, ____74____ old voice seemed to call me. It was my grandfather speaking ____75____ me as he did many years ago. “Be strong, my boy.” he seemed to say. Therefore, I moved forward to the two ____76____ (help) people in the middle of the crowd. I asked some people around to pick ____77____ ( he) up carefully. My voice was loud, ____78____ attracted people’s attention and they took action ____79____ (quick). Soon the old man and the young woman ____80____ (send) to a nearby hospital.
【答案】
71.closer 72.lying 73.twenties 74.an 75.to 76.helpless 77.him 78.which 79.quickly 80.were sent
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。一个冬天的早晨,我在最近的公园散步,遇到一位老人和一个女人需要帮助,在祖父的“鼓舞”下我帮助了他们。
71.考查形容词比较等级。句意:当我走得更近并挤到前面时,我注意到角落里有一群人。根据句意是表示我走得更近时,所以应该用close的比较级closer。故填closer。
72.考查非谓语动词。句意:然后我看见一位老人躺在草地上。分析句子可知用到句型“see sb. doing sth.”,意为“看见某人正在干某事”,lie在这里是动词“躺”,现在分词是lying。故填lying。
73.考查固定句型。句意:他身旁一位20出头的年轻女子在哭泣。结合句意,用词组in her early twenties,意为“她二十岁左右”,用数词复数形式符合题意。故填twenties。
74.考查冠词。句意:突然,一个苍老的声音似乎在呼唤我。结合句意,表达“一个古老的声音”,应该用不定冠词表示泛指,old是元音音素开头,用an符合题意。故填an。
75.考查介词。句意:是我祖父跟我说话,就像多年前一样。考查固定搭配speak to sb.,意为“对某人说话”。故填to。
76.考查形容词。句意:我向人群中间的两个无助的人走去。根据前文的描述老人躺在地上,女人哭泣,应该是表示两个无助的人,用形容词helpless,表示“无助的”。故填helpless。
77.考查代词。句意:我让周围的人小心地把他扶起来。在动词help后应该用he的宾格him作宾语。故填him。
78.考查定语从句引导词。句意:我的声音很大,引起了人们的注意,他们迅速采取了行动。空格处需要非限制性定语从句引导词,指代前面主句内容,用which引导定语从句。故填which。
79.考查副词。句意:我的声音很大,引起了人们的注意,他们迅速采取了行动。空格处需要副词修饰动词短语took action。故填quickly。
80.考查动词时态和被动语态。句意:不久,老人和年轻女子被送往附近的一家医院。文章叙述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,主语the old man and the young woman 和动词send之间是被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是复数,系动词是were,send的过去分词是sent。故填were sent。
九
(2023·江苏南京·高一南京师大附中校考期末)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the Chinese New Year less than a month away, people are getting ready to welcome the Year of the Tiger.
Do you know anyone born in the Year of the Tiger? Are they always independent and____81____ (energy)? Do they have a keen sense of justice? If so, then they are typical “tiger”. They like to act alone and always seem to have endless energy. When____82____ (face) with justices, ____83____ against themselves or others, you can be sure Tigers will not stand aside.
In Chinese culture, tigers are regarded as fearless creatures, so that's ____84____ in China you can see images of tigers on the walls of temples and houses to ward off disasters and danger.
Tigers have ____85____ important cultural significance not just in China, but across Asia. In the book Life of Pie, Canadian writer Yann Martel chose a tiger as the partner for Indian boy Pi on his ____86____ (survive) adventure in the Pacific Ocean.
Tigers are also one of my favorite animals. I first ____87____ (learn) about the beauty of tigers as a child, while ____88____ (watch) animal documents. My most precious toy while growing up was my toy tiger, ____89____ I still treasure dearly to this day. I love it that China has its animal zodiac system as it shows the connection, understanding and respect that humans can have _____90_____ animals.
【答案】
81.energetic 82.faced 83.whether 84.why 85.an 86.survival 87.learnt##learned 88.watching 89.which 90.for
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国虎年出生的人所具有的一些特点和老虎的文化意义。
81.考查形容词。句意:他们总是独立且精力充沛吗?作表语,表示“精力充沛的”应用形容词energetic。故填energetic。
82.考查非谓语动词。句意:当面对法官时,无论是针对他们自己还是其他人,你可以肯定的是,“老虎”不会袖手旁观。结合句意表示“面对”可知短语为be faced with,此处省略be动词,用过去分词作状语。故填faced。
83.考查固定句型。句意:当面对法官时,无论是针对他们自己还是其他人,你可以肯定的是,“老虎”不会袖手旁观。结合句意表示“无论是……还是……”可知句型为whether…or…。故填whether。
84.考查表语从句。句意:在中国文化中,老虎被认为是无所畏惧的动物,这就是为什么在中国,你可以在寺庙和房屋的墙上看到老虎的图像,以抵御灾难和危险。引导表语从句,从句中缺少原因状语,故用why引导。故填why。
85.考查冠词。句意:老虎不仅在中国,而且在整个亚洲都有重要的文化意义。结合句意表示“有重要的文化意义”可知短语为have an important cultural significance。故填an。
86.考查形容词。句意:在《派的奇幻漂流》一书中,加拿大作家扬·马特尔选择了一只老虎作为印度男孩派在太平洋的生存冒险的伙伴。修饰后文名词adventure应用形容词survival,作定语。故填survival。
87.考查动词的时态。句意:我第一次了解到老虎的美是在小时候看动物纪录片的时候。根据后文as a child可知描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填learnt/learned。
88.考查非谓语动词。句意:我第一次了解到老虎的美是在小时候看动物纪录片的时候。分析句子结构可知watch在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语I构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填watching。
89.考查定语从句。句意:在我的成长过程中,我最珍贵的玩具是我的玩具老虎,直到今天我仍然非常珍惜它。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词toy tiger,先行词在从句中作宾语,指物,故用关系代词which引导。故填which。
90.考查介词。句意:我喜欢中国的生肖系统,因为它展示了人类对动物的联系、理解和尊重。后跟复数名词作宾语,表示“对……”应用介词for。故填for。
十
(2023·山东青岛·高一统考期末)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 2005, Tanya Pinto, a young businesswoman in the US, paid a visit ____91____ her birthplace, India. There she traveled and spent three months ____92____ (volunteer) to do something for children in great need. The experience was life changing. ____93____ that's why she started Baal Dan Charities, meaning "Helping children."
At first, Baal Dan provided street children with clothes. Later, food, medicine, schoolbooks, and some education ____94____ (give) to orphanages, schools and local projects. Tanya got first donations(捐赠) from friends and co-workers and today, more people come to her help out of ____95____ (kind).
It is a great job. At a care center, two boys, ____96____ Tanya's charity had helped, recognized her and eagerly told her they were doing well after they were rescued from the streets. In the years ____97____(come), Tanya hopes to do more. “I will take them to the zoo, the park or for an outing. And I'll do things that are really fun ____98____ (activity), because I like to bring some fun into their poor life," says Tanya.
What Tanya does is ____99____ (inspire). If you're not rich or famous, you can still do something to help make ____100____ better world.
【答案】
91.to 92.volunteering 93.And 94.were given 95.kindness 96.who##whom 97.to come 98.activities 99.inspiring 100.a
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国年轻女商人创办慈善机构并鼓舞了许多人的故事。
91.考查介词。句意:2005年,美国年轻女商人坦娅·平托访问了她的出生地印度。根据上文的“paid a visit”可知,此处填介词to构成pay a visit to短语表示“拜访某地”。故填to。
92.考查动名词。句意:她在那里旅行,花了三个月的时间志愿为急需帮助的孩子们做些事情。根据上文的“spent three months ”可知,此处用spend time (in) doing sth句型,表示在“某方面花费……时间做某事”,其中in可以省略。故填volunteering。
93.考查连词。句意:这就是她创办巴尔丹慈善机构的原因,意思是“帮助儿童”。分析上下文句意可知,空格处前后句之间是顺承关系,所以用and表顺承关系,位于句首时首字母要大写,故填 And。
94.考查动词时态语态。句意:后来,食品、药品、教科书和一些教育被提供给了孤儿院、学校和地方项目。根据上文的“provided”可知,此句时态应该用一般过去时,再分析句意可知,此处应该用被动语态,且本句主语为复数。故填were given。
95.考查名词。句意:坦娅从朋友和同事那里得到了第一笔捐款,今天,更多的人出于好意前来帮助她。根据提示词和空格前的out of可知,介词of后面跟名词kindness,构成短语out of kindness表示“出于好意”。故填kindness。
96.考查定语从句。句意:在一家护理中心,坦娅的慈善机构帮助的两个男孩认出了她,并急切地告诉她,他们从街上获救后情况很好。分析句式结构可知,此处是定语从句,先行词two boys是人,且在定语从句里面作helped的宾语,所以用关系代词who/whom来引导。故填who/whom。
97.考查非谓语动词。句意:在未来的几年里,坦娅希望做得更多。分析句意可知,处用动词不定式作后置定语,表“即将到来”的几年。故填to come。
98.考查名词。句意:我会做一些真正有趣的活动,因为我喜欢给他们贫穷的生活带来一些乐趣。根据上文的that are可知,此处用名词的复数形式作表语。故填activities。
99.考查形容词。句意:坦娅所做的事情令人鼓舞。分析句式结构可知,此处用形容词做表语,因为主语是事情,所以用inspiring表示“令人鼓舞的”。故填inspiring。
100.考查冠词。句意:如果你不富有或不出名,你仍然可以做一些事情来帮助创造一个更美好的世界。分析句意可知,此处用不定冠词泛指“一个更好的时节”,better发音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a限定。故填a。
十一
(2023·湖南·高一校联考期末)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Curling is a team sport, which is played on ice. It is one of the interesting ____101____ (event) at the Winter Olympics. ____102____ (tradition) curling teams are made up of four players. It is played on a very long line of ____103____ (special) prepared ice called a Sheet. A sheet of curling ice is 45 metres long ____104____ five metres wide. At each end of the sheet there are two circles that look like target, known as houses. Each house ____105____ (consist) of four rings which help define which curling stones are closest ____106____ the centre. An average game of curling lasts up to three hours. Teams are given a set amount of Thinking Time ____107____ (depend) on the rules and number of ends. In the ten-end games, each team receives 38 minutes of thinking time. To play curling, a set of stones ____108____ (need). They are made of ____109____ special type of granite (花岗岩) and weigh almost 20 kilos each. Each curler has their own brush and a pair of special curling shoes to be able to slide with a stone during the game. ____110____ curling may be a “slow” sport, it’s still full of skill, suspense (悬念) and excitement!
【答案】
101.events 102.Traditional 103.specially 104.and 105.consists 106.to 107.depending 108.are needed 109.a 110.While##Although##Though
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍冬奥会的运动项目冰壶比赛。
101.考查名词。句意:这是冬奥会上有趣的项目之一。“one of+复数可数名词”表示“……之一”,空处应填名词的复数形式。故填events。
102.考查形容词。句意:传统冰壶队由四名运动员组成。空处修饰名词curling teams,应用形容词形式作定语,traditional是形容词,表示“传统的”。故填Traditional。
103.考查副词。句意:它是在一条非常长的专门准备好的被称为冰道的冰上进行的。分析句子,空处修饰动词prepared,应用副词形式作状语,specially是副词,表示“专门地”。故填specially。
104.考查连词。句意:一块冰道长45米,宽5米。结合语意,前后表示并列关系,应用连词and表示并列。故填and。
105.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:每个营垒由四个环组成,这有助于确定哪些冰壶最靠近中心。根据句中help使用原形形式可知,句子使用一般现在时,主语Each house是单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填consists。
106.考查介词。句意:每个营垒由四个环组成,这有助于确定哪些冰壶最靠近中心。be closest to sth.表示“最靠近某物”。故填to。
107.考查非谓语动词。句意:取决于规则和终点数,团队有一定的思考时间。分析句子,空处作非谓语动词,depend与被修饰词Thinking Time之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填depending。
108.考查动词时态和语态。句意:玩冰壶需要一套石头。根据上下文可知,句子应用一般现在时,need与主语a set of stones之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,主语a set of stones是复数,be动词应用are。故填are needed。
109.考查冠词。句意:它们是由一种特殊类型的花岗岩制成的,每个重将近20公斤。结合语意,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,special是辅音音素开头的单词,前边应用a。故填a。
110.考查连词。句意:虽然冰壶可能是一项“缓慢”的运动,但它仍然充满技巧、悬念和兴奋!结合语意,空处表示“虽然,即使”,可用while/although/though引导让步状语从句。故填While/Although/Though。
十二
(2023·广东潮州·高一统考期末)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Long, long ago, the world had no wheels (车轮). To go to places, people walked. Sometimes, they had to walk ____111____ very long way. To move things, people had to carry them. Sometimes the things ____112____ (be) very heavy.
After a long time, people learned to train animals. They trained animals ____113____ (carry) heavy things. They built sleds (雪橇) ____114____ were useful for helping animals to move heavier things.
More time passed. People tried using big logs (原木) under sleds. That made sleds move more ____115____ (easy), but someone had to keep ____116____ (move) the last log to the front of the sled.
At last, someone cut slices (片) from a log and connected them ____117____ a stick. The wheel and axle (轮轴) had finally been invented. People got better and better at making wheels.
People thought of more and more ____118____ (way) they could use wheels. Looking around, you’ll see wheels on wheelchairs, bicycles, buses, trains, etc. More wheels ____119____ (hide) inside clocks, cars, computers, and other machines. Wheels are even used to produce _____120_____ (electric) that lights your home.
【答案】111.a 112. were 113.to carry 114. that/which 115.easily 116. moving 117. with/to 118. ways 119. are hidden 120. electricity
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了轮子的发明以及轮子的应用。
111.考查冠词。句意:有时,他们不得不走很长的路。way为可数名词,此处表泛指,且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
112.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:有时这些东西很重。根据上文可知描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,主语为things,谓语用复数。故填were。
113.考查非谓语动词。句意:他们训练动物搬运重物。此处为train…to do sth.表示“训练……做某事”,所以此处用不定式表示目的。故填to carry。
114.考查定语从句。句意:他们制造了雪橇,可以帮助动物移动更重的东西。此处为定语从句修饰先行词sleds,先行词在从句中作主语,指物,故用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
115.考查副词。句意:这使得雪橇更容易移动,但必须有人不断地把最后一根圆木移到雪橇的前面。修饰动词move应用副词easily,作状语。故填easily。
116.考查非谓语动词。句意:这使得雪橇更容易移动,但必须有人不断地把最后一根圆木移到雪橇的前面。此处为短语keep doing sth.表示“不断做某事”。故填moving。
117.考查介词。句意:最后,有人从一根圆木上切下几片,用一根棍子把它们连接起来。结合句意表示“用……连接”短语为connect with/to。故填with/to。
118.考查名词的数。句意:人们想出了越来越多的使用轮子的方法。way为可数名词,由more and more修饰,应用复数形式。故填ways。
119.考查动词时态语态。句意:更多的轮子隐藏在钟表、汽车、电脑和其他机器中。主语与谓语构成被动关系,陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态,主语为wheels,谓语用复数。故填are hidden。
120.考查名词。句意:轮子甚至被用来发电来照亮你的家。作宾语,应用名词electricity,不可数。故填electricity。
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