高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage单元测试课后练习题

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必修Book 2 Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
B卷·综合能力提升练
(时间：90分钟　满分：120分)
第一部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2022·辽宁·高一阶段练习）Traveling to China is the dream of many people but it is important to be aware that the Chinese culture is different from Western cultures. So before arriving in China, make sure that you understand the Chinese traditions.
The eldest comes first
In China, it is a big deal to respect the eldest one in the family. The Chinese have a great respect for their parents and grandparents. So if you are introduced to someone in a place full of people, always address the oldest person first, and do the same when you are leaving.
The host pays the bill
If you are invited to a restaurant by your Chinese friends, be prepared to eat and drink for free. And if you invite them, also be ready to pay all the bill on your own. And it is not polite if you don’t offer to pay it in full if you are the host.
Be aware of the chopsticks rules
Believe it or not, there are several traditions and rules involving chopsticks in China. So never stick them straight up to your rice, never drum (敲打) them, or have them in your hands while making a gesture.
Check if your gift isn’t on the bad-luck list
If you are offering a gift to a Chinese friend, be aware that there are many items considered to bring bad luck to them, such as clocks, umbrellas, scissors and knives. Presents should be given with both hands and never be wrapped in white.
1．Who is the most respected in social life in China?
A．A millionaire. B．A senior citizen.
C．A wise man. D．A powerful leader.
2．Which of the following is considered polite in China?
A．Making a gesture by using chopsticks.
B．Opening the gift as soon as you receive it.
C．Offering to pay the meal in full if you are the host.
D．Paying for the bill when you are invited to a dinner.
3．Who are the potential target readers of the text?
A．Restaurant staff. B．The assistants in the gift stores.
C．The hosts of a party. D．Exchange students to China.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了一些中国的传统文化。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“In China, it is a big deal to respect the eldest one in the family.( 在中国，尊重家庭中的最年长的人是件大事。)”可知，在中国社会，最受尊重的是老年人。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“And it is not polite if you don’t offer to pay it in full if you are the host.( 如果你是主人，如果你不主动全额支付，是不礼貌的。)”可知，如果你是主人，吃饭时全额付款是礼貌的。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Traveling to China is the dream of many people but it is important to be aware that the Chinese culture is different from Western cultures. So before arriving in China, make sure that you understand the Chinese traditions.( 到中国旅游是许多人的梦想，但重要的是要知道中国文化不同于西方文化。所以在来中国之前，一定要了解中国的传统。)”可知，文章是写给来中国旅行的外国人的，因此推断来中国的交换生是潜在的目标读者。故选D。

B
（2022·全国·高一课时练习）
Six months ago, 19-year-old Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends and boarded a plane for London. It was the first time that she had left China.
Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China and has come to our university on a year-long exchange programme. “I chose the exchange programme because I wanted to learn about global business and improve my English. My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation,” she explained.
At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. “You have to get used to a whole new life,” she said. “I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things I didn’t know the English names for. When I got lost, I had to ask passers-by for help, but people here speak fast and use words I’m not familiar with. I ask them to repeat themselves a lot!”
Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family who can help with her adaptation to the new culture. “When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family,” Xie Lei said. “When there’s something I don’t know or understand, I ask them. They are also keen to learn about China. Laura, the daughter of my host family, wants to study in China in the future. We take turns to cook each evening. They really love my stir-fried tomatoes and eggs! Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it, so I taught her how to cook it, too!”
Another challenge for Xie Lie is the academic requirements. The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people. Her tutor advised her to read a lot of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own.
Xie Lei also found many courses included students’ participation in class as part of the final result. Students need to generate ideas, offer examples, apply concepts, and raise questions, as well as give presentations. At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. “My presentation on traditional Chinese art was a great success, which boosted my confidence,” she said, “I’ll use these skills back home for presentation. They’ll help me build a strong business in the future”.
Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her.” Engaging in British culture has helped,” she said. “As well as studying hard, I’ve been involved in social activities. British people are fascinated by our culture and eager to learn more about it, so I’m keen to share my culture with them. While I’m learning about business, I’m also acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between us.”
We will follow Xie Lei’s progress in later editions, but for now, we wish her all the best.
4．Why did Xie Lei choose the exchange programme?
A．Because her tutor was moving to Britain for a new job.
B．Because she planed to set up a business in Britain after graduation.
C．Because she wished to experience a new life in a different country.
D．Because she wanted to learn about global business and develop her English.
5．What has Xie Lei done to adapt to life in a different country?
A．She has learnt to use taxi as main transport.
B．She has carried a business guidebook for reference.
C．She has always been with the daughter of her host family.
D．She has asked for help from passers-by when she got lost.
6．What can help Xie Lei write an essay according to this text?
A．Speaking a lot in class may give her a favor.
B．She can take part in lots of academic activities.
C．She can get help from her tutor and read a lot to prepare.
D．Raising questions and giving presentation can help for writing.
7．How has Xie Lei helped to build bridges between China and the UK?
A．By giving a presentation on traditional Chinese art.
B．By teaching people how to taste Chinese food.
C．By involving herself in academic essays.
D．By sharing western culture with people.
【答案】4．D 5．D 6．C 7．A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中国学生Xie Lei去英国做交换生的经历。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I chose the exchange programme because I wanted to learn about global business and improve my English.(我选择交换项目是因为我想了解全球商业，提高我的英语水平)”可知，她选择这个交换项目是因为她想学习全球商业并提高英语水平。故选D项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When I got lost, I had to ask passers-by for help, but people here speak fast and use words I’m not familiar with.(当我迷路时，我不得不向路人求助，但这里的人说得很快，用的词我不熟悉)”可知，Xie Lei为了适应一个不同国家的生活，她迷路时会向路人求助。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!(她第一次必须写一篇文章时，她的导师解释说，如果她引用别人的观点，她必须承认他们说了什么，但他主要想知道她的想法)”及“Her tutor advised her to read a lot of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own.(她的导师建议她多阅读资料，以便形成自己明智的见解)”可知，Xie Lei写文章时可以得到导师的帮助以及通过阅读来准备。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“My presentation on traditional Chinese art was a great success, which boosted my confidence(我关于中国传统艺术的演讲非常成功，这增强了我的信心)”及倒数第二段中“British people are fascinated by our culture and eager to learn more about it, so I’m keen to share my culture with them. While I’m learning about business, I’m also acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between us.(英国人对我们的文化很着迷，也很想了解更多，所以我很想和他们分享我的文化。在我学习商业知识的同时，我也扮演着文化使者的角色，在我们之间架起一座桥梁)”可知，Xie Lei的关于中国传统艺术的演讲能让英国人了解中国文化，有助于架起中国和英国文化的桥梁。故选A项。

C
（2022·黑龙江·集贤县第一中学高一期末）Cultural differences do exist, and we can really use them to tighten our relationship as human beings. Because there is strength in diversity. So, we are going to expose some interesting cultural differences around the world in this article. Read some interesting cultures around the world to help you travel out of your homeland!
In Greece spitting (吐痰) at weddings is believed to drive away devil (恶魔). Funny as it sounds, this cultural tradition is an important practice. To make it even more shocking, this spitting is focused on the bride. It is seen as good luck to bless the couple. However, Things have been changed in some parts of Greece these days. Wedding guests just face the bride and make sounds and impressions that show they are spitting on her—without actually spitting.
Everybody knows the Thai people are so friendly, but their culture demands that you never point your feet at anyone of any statue, especially that of the Buddha. In addition, they also consider the head to be more important than other parts of the body. This is why it is disrespectful to touch another person’s head in Thailand. Statues are not left out. If you see the Buddha statue, avoid touching its head as well.
Russians are very hospitable (好客的) people. In their culture food is serious business. Lunch is the most important and heaviest meal. If you get invited by your Russian friend for a meal, don’t ever refuse it-they find it impolite. You might want to skip your own meals to leave space in your stomach for the food you will eat in Russian gatherings. This is very interesting cultural difference between Russian people and other nations.
Since there is limited knowledge about cultures outside your own, you won’t be able to really flow with a foreigner. Now, you know some about the cultural differences around the world, so we hope it will make your life easier.
8．Why do Greek spit at wedding?
A．To add fun to the wedding. B．To send wishes to the couple.
C．To celebrate the new wedding. D．To drive away bad luck and bless the couple.
9．What should be avoided if you are in Thailand?
A．Eating too much food for a meal. B．Touching your head in your home.
C．Pointing your feet before the Buddha. D．Spiting in your best friend's wedding.
10．What can we learn from paragraph four?
A．We should accept their meals in Russia.
B．We need to eat as little as we can in Russia.
C．We can refuse the food Russian people give.
D．We should not arrive late for a meal in Russia.
11．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Beautiful tourist attractions in the world
B．The most delicious food in different countries
C．Interesting wedding traditions in Asian nations
D．Surprising cultural differences around the world
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．A 11．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各地一些令人惊讶的文化差异。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In Greece spitting (吐痰) at weddings is believed to drive away devil (恶魔)...It is seen as good luck to bless the couple.(在希腊，人们相信在婚礼上吐痰可以驱魔......它被视为好运，是对这对夫妇的祝福。)”可知，在希腊，人们在婚礼上吐痰，这是因为人们认为这可以驱魔，赶走霉运，并且是对这对新婚夫妇的祝福。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Everybody knows the Thai people are so friendly, but their culture demands that you never point your feet at anyone of any statue, especially that of the Buddha.(每个人都知道泰国人很友好，但他们的文化要求你永远不要把脚指向任何雕像，尤其是佛像。)”可知，在泰国，你要避免把你的脚指向佛像，故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“If you get invited by your Russian friend for a meal, don’t ever refuse it-they find it impolite.(如果你的俄罗斯朋友邀请你吃饭，千万不要拒绝——他们会觉得这样不礼貌。)”可知，在俄罗斯，如果朋友邀请我们吃饭，我们应该接受，故选A。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“So, we are going to expose some interesting cultural differences around the world in this article. Read some interesting cultures around the world to help you travel out of your homeland!(因此，我们将在这篇文章中揭示世界各地一些有趣的文化差异。阅读一些世界各地有趣的文化，帮助你走出你的家乡！)”可知，文章主要介绍了世界各地一些令人惊讶的文化差异，所以文章最好的标题是D项“Surprising cultural differences around the world(世界各地令人惊讶的文化差异)”，故选D。

D
（2022·云南师大附中高一期中）One thing that sets humans apart from other members of the animal kingdom is our tendency to develop customs and traditions. Here are some astonishing customs from around the world.
An odd custom associated with the United States is its complicated tipping culture. Unlike many other countries that don’t tip at all or that only tip in small amounts when the food is particularly good, tipping is actually mandatory at most restaurants in the US. To put it another way, customers have a duty to leave between 10-20 percent of the bill in tips. Wait staff rely on these tips for a living because legal wages for waiters are low. Furthermore, there are rules for tipping bartenders, delivery people and other service personnel. While some criticize this practice as irrational, there’s no doubt that tipping culture in the US gives an incentive for waiters and waitresses to provide better service.
Some countries find the act of pointing with the index finger to be rude. While members of most cultures would probably agree that pointing fingers, both literally and figuratively, isn’t exactly the nicest thing in the world, in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia, this gesture can be seen as incredibly offensive. Instead, it is customary to gesture towards things with the thumb as this is seen as a more polite option. In many countries in Africa, pointing is reserved for inanimate objects only, not people.
Most societies around the world have rules about table manners. For western cultures, noisily consuming food is considered rude. In Japan, however, making slurping(啧啧响的)sounds while eating has an entirely different meaning. This might have something to do with the fact that in western countries, noodles are properly consumed by twirling(缠绕)them on a spoon before putting them in the mouth. Meanwhile, the Japanese simply slurp up their noodles without contorting them first, an act that is naturally noisier than the former. Making slurping sounds when eating noodles in Japan is a way of indicating that you’re rely enjoying them. Some scientists even argue slurping invites air into the mouth and actually enhances the noodles’ flavor.
12．What does the underlined word “mandatory” in paragraph2 probably mean?
A．Required by tradition. B．Highly spoken of.
C．Changeable over time. D．Popular among people.
13．What does the author think of tipping?
A．It is totally unreasonable. B．It must follow a fixed standard.
C．It can improve the quality of service. D．It should only target waiters and waitresses.
14．Which practice is acceptable according to the text?
A．Skipping tipping in the USA． B．Twirling noodles on a spoon in Africa.
C．Pointing with the index finger in Indonesia. D．Making sounds while eating noodles in Japan.
15．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A research paper. B．A travel brochure.
C．An online advertisement. D．A popular magazine.
【答案】12．A 13．C 14．D 15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几个国家的特殊的习惯。
12．词句猜测题。根据后文“To put it another way, customers have a duty to leave between 10-20 percent of the bill in tips.”（换句话说，顾客有义务留下账单的10- 20%作为小费。）可知，在美国，饭后留下一些消费是必须的。所以，此处“mandatory”意思与A项“Required by tradition”（按照传统要求的）。故选A项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“While some criticize this practice as irrational, there’s no doubt that tipping culture in the US gives an incentive for waiters and waitresses to provide better service.”（虽然有些人批评这种做法不合理，但毫无疑问，美国的小费文化激励着服务员提供更好的服务。）可知，作者认为小费能够提高服务质量。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Making slurping sounds when eating noodles in Japan is a way of indicating that you’re rely enjoying them.”（在日本，吃面条时发出啧啧声是表示你很喜欢吃面条。）可知，在日本吃面条发出声音是可以的。故选D项。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段“One thing that sets humans apart from other members of the animal kingdom is our tendency to develop customs and traditions.”（人类与动物王国其他成员的一个区别是我们倾向于发展风俗和传统。）以及下文介绍了几个国家的特别的习惯，所以这篇文章应该是来自大众杂志。故选D项。


第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2022·全国·高一课时练习）Differences do set us apart, but we often forget that we are all human, and our culture is much more representative (有代表性的) of our differing environment than truly different people. Here are some tips on how to understand and admire cultural differences.
____16____ In almost every single case, the only thing required to bridge cultural differences is an introduction. This isn't always easy, but the best thing to do is make an effort — go to the international folk music festival, eat in a restaurant where English isn't the first language, and say hello to the new family down the street.
Invite other cultures into your home. ____17____ Some people open their homes to exchange students with apps like Air BnB, while others might work through a church or charity to help provide for traveling groups. Even easier, you can simply invite people from other cultures over for dinner. ____18____
Read as much about the local culture as you can before arriving. It is irresponsible to arrive in a new place without knowing how things usually run. You may get immediately shocked upon landing, which can make it harder to accept the culture later on.____19____ Read online, check some books, and generally arrive well-informed. Having some knowledge beforehand will help with any culture shock.
Share parts of your own culture and life to encourage others to share theirs. One of the best things to bring while traveling is a set of photos from home, allowing you to bring people into your own life and culture from anywhere.____20____ And learning is the key to understanding and, finally acceptance.
A．You can accept travelers or exchange students.
B．Therefore, be ready for some shocks or changes in the real world.
C．Seek out experiences, foods, and people who seem foreign to you.
D．Get out to see new places, pushing your comfort zone as much as possible.
E．Giving a little bit of yourself is the best way to learn a little bit about others.
F．You'll be surprised how much most people want to meet and talk to foreigners.
G．The best way to understand and admire cultural differences is over food and friendship.
【答案】16．C 17．A 18．G 19．B 20．E
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章就如何理解和欣赏文化差异提出了几点建议。
16．根据空后内容“ This isn't always easy, but the best thing to do is make an effort — go to the international folk music festival, eat in a restaurant where English isn't the first language, and say hello to the new family down the street.(这并不总是那么容易，但最好的办法是努力——去国际民间音乐节，在英语不是第一语言的餐馆吃饭，向街上的新家庭问好。)”可知，这里主要讲怎样在不同文化架桥的具体措施，而C项Seek out experiences, foods, and people who seem foreign to you(寻找对你来说陌生的经历、食物和人)正好对应了下文提到的这几点，符合语境。故选C项。
17．根据该空前一句话“Invite other cultures into your home.(邀请其他文化进入你的家。)”可知，这里在建议接触不同文化的人，而A项You can accept travelers or exchange students.(你可以接纳游客或者交换生)符合语境，同时和后面内容“Some people open their homes to exchange students with apps like Air BnB”相呼应。故选A项。
18．根据该空前一句话“Even easier, you can simply invite people from other cultures over for dinner.(更简单的是邀请从其他文化背景来的人吃饭。)”可知，G项The best way to understand and admire cultural differences is over food and friendship(理解欣赏文化差异最好的办法是通过食物和友谊)承接上文，其中food与前文dinner对应。故选G项。
19．该空前面的内容“You may get immediately shocked upon landing, which can make it harder to accept the culture later on.(你可能一着陆会感到文化冲击，这样就会使你在以后接受这里的文化变得困难。)”可知，该空后面具体介绍了应对文化冲击的做法。B项Therefore, be ready for some shocks or changes in the real world.(因此，对现实世界中的一些冲击或变化做好准备)，符合语境，与上文构成因果关系。故选B项。
20．由上文“Share parts of your own culture and life to encourage others to share theirs. One of the best things to bring while traveling is a set of photos from home, allowing you to bring people into your own life and culture from anywhere.(分享自己的文化和生活，鼓励他人分享自己的文化和生活。旅行时最好带的东西之一是一组来自家里的照片，让你可以从任何地方把人们带入你自己的生活和文化)”可知，本段讲述的是分享自己的文化来鼓励别人分享他们的文化。E项Giving a little bit of yourself is the best way to learn a little bit about others.(让别人了解一点儿自己是了解别人的一种最好的方式)符合语境。其中Giving a little bit of yourself 与上文Share parts of your own culture对应。故选E项。

第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2022·全国·高一课时练习）Group-Centered Societies Have Just as Much Creativity
What does culture have to do with creativity? The answer could be “a lot”. For decades, psychologists trying to understand the roots of creative imaginations have looked at the ways in which two different types of cultures can come to have an effect over its artistic and____21____output. Individualistic cultures encourage people to be unique and to____22____their own interests even if doing so comes at a cost to the group overall. Collectivistic cultures are based on relationships and duties to other people. These types of cultures often____23____the individual’s wants for the needs of those who are close to them or for those in their community.
Individualism has long been thought to have a creative____24____. Individualists____25____social convention, the logic goes, and that pushback supports innovation. For instance, around the world, individualistic cultures have more patents than collectivistic cultures do.____26____, a new study suggests that these ideas about culture and creativity could be off base. People in collectivistic cultures actually do better with a particular type of creative thinking than those in individualistic cultures. And the findings overall reveal the shortcomings of thinking about innovation too____27____.
The new work comes from comparing communities in different parts of China. Though it scores high, as a nation, on measures of cultural____28____, China’s 1.4 billion people are more than just a single culture. People from areas north of the Yangtze River tend to be more____29____, open to strangers and self-confident, whereas people along the river and farther south are often more inter-dependent, partial to friends over strangers and likely to try harder to____30____.
In the new creativity study, researchers investigated innovation with these two groups in mind. The team used a drawing test that had been created by psychologists. They gave kids a sheet of paper with just a few basic elements printed on it: some dots here, squiggles (弯曲的线条) there, and a rectangle that suggested a drawing frame. The children got 15 minutes to use the elements already on the page to draw whatever they wanted. They could get “adaptive creativity” points for doodling in ways that connected the squiggles and lines into an original and____31____image. In addition, a judge checked whether the children chose to incorporate a small shape that could be found just outside the rectangular. This element was easy to____32____, so those who included this outside-the-box detail could get points for “boundary-breaking creativity.”
The researchers gave the test to 683 middle school students from north and south of the Yangtze River. When the scientists got the scores back, they discovered that there were no differences in the children’s overall creativity. When they broke down the results into components, they found that students from collectivistic regions scored____33____in adaptive creativity while those from individualistic areas did better in boundary-breaking creativity.
The findings are also a warning against cultural chauvinism (极端民族主义). Western countries have tended to lead the way in innovation—at least as defined by the metrics (指标) we Westerners have created. Perhaps we have been____34____China’s adaptive creativity. For example, while the country may not have invented the assembly line, it is largely thanks to the____35____its people have made to this system that the country has such a thriving manufacturing sector today.
21．A．theoretical B．inventive C．productive D．regular
22．A．prioritize B．deprive C．tolerate D．abandon
23．A．satisfy B．stimulate C．cherish D．sacrifice
24．A．shelter B．edge C．border D．alternative
25．A．embrace B．propose C．resist D．create
26．A．However B．Therefore C．Meanwhile D．Moreover
27．A．broadly B．objectively C．seriously D．narrowly
28．A．individualism B．identity C．collectivism D．flexibility
29．A．selfish B．collective C．individualistic D．realistic
30．A．fall apart B．fit in C．give in D．show off
31．A．separate B．ugly C．unified D．tiny
32．A．catch B．miss C．target D．misuse
33．A．higher B．averagely C．lower D．vaguely
34．A．capturing B．approaching C．imitating D．overlooking
35．A．improvements B．drawbacks C．insights D．attempts
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．B 30．A 31．A 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了集体主义文化实际上在特定类型的创造性思维方面做得更好。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几十年来，试图理解创造性想象力的根源的心理学家一直在研究两种不同类型的文化影响其艺术和创造性输出的方式。A. theoretical理论的；B. inventive善于创新的；C. productive多产的；D. regular有规律的。根据上文“What does culture have to do with creativity?”可知，此处表示心理学家研究不同类型的文化影响艺术性和创造性输出的方式。故选B项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：个人主义文化鼓励人们独树一帜，优先考虑自己的利益，即使这样做会给整个团队带来损失。A. prioritize优先处理；B. deprive剥夺；C. tolerate容忍；D. abandon放弃。根据下文“even if doing so comes at a cost to the group overall”可知，个人主义文化鼓励人们优先考虑自己的利益。故选A项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些类型的文化往往牺牲个人的需求来满足与他们关系密切的人或团体中的人的需求。A. satisfy满足；B. stimulate激励；C. cherish珍惜；D. sacrifice牺牲。根据下文“for the needs of those who are close to them or for those in their community”可知，集体主义文化会为了满足其他人的需求，牺牲个人的需求。故选D项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，个人主义被认为具有创新优势。A. shelter避难所；B. edge（微弱的）优势；C. border边界；D. alternative可供选择的事物。根据下文“Individualists ____5____ social convention, the logic goes, and that pushback supports innovation.”可知，此处表示个人主义被认为有创新优势。故选B项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：逻辑是这样的，个人主义者抵制社会惯例，这种抵制支持创新。A. embrace拥抱；B. propose提议；C. resist抵制；D. create创造。根据下文“that pushback supports innovation”可知，此处表示个人主义者抵制社会惯例。故选C项。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，一项新的研究表明，这些关于文化和创造力的想法可能是偏离基准的。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Meanwhile同时；D. Moreover此外。结合语意，上下文表示转折关系，空处应用副词however，表示“然而”。故选A项。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些发现总体上揭示了过于狭隘地看待创新的缺点。A. broadly大体上；B. objectively客观地；C. seriously严重地；D. narrowly狭隘地。根据上文“People in collectivistic cultures actually do better with a particular type of creative thinking than those in individualistic cultures.”可知，此处表示发现揭示了狭隘地看待创新的缺点。故选D项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管中国作为一个国家，在文化同一性方面得分很高，但中国14亿人口不仅仅是一种文化。A. individualism个人主义；B. identity同一性；C. collectivism集体主义；D. flexibility灵活性。根据下文“China’s 1.4 billion people are more than just a single culture.”可知，尽管中国的文化同一性得分很高，但是中国不仅仅有一种文化。故选B项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：长江以北地区的人往往更具集体性，对陌生人更开放，更自信，而长江沿岸和更南的地区的人往往更相互依赖，更偏向朋友而不是陌生人，并且可能更努力地分开。A. selfish自私的；B. collective集体的；C. individualistic奉行个人主义的；D. realistic现实的。根据下文“open to strangers and self-confident”可知，长江以北地区的人更倾向于集体化。故选B项。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：长江以北地区的人往往更具集体性，对陌生人更开放，更自信，而长江沿岸和更南的地区的人往往更相互依赖，更偏向朋友而不是陌生人，并且可能更努力地分开。A. fall apart破裂；B. fit in相处融洽；C. give in让步；D. show off炫耀。根据上文“people along the river and farther south are often more inter-dependent, partial to friends over strangers”可知，长江沿岸和以南地区的人更偏向朋友而不是陌生人，可能更努力与别人分开。故选A项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们可以通过将曲线和线条连接到原来的分开的图像上的涂鸦方式获得“适应性创造力”分数。A. separate分开的；B. ugly丑陋的；C. unified统一的；D. tiny微小的。根据上文“They gave kids a sheet of paper with just a few basic elements printed on it: some dots here, squiggles there, and a rectangle that suggested a drawing frame.”可知，孩子们的纸上有一些印好的分开的基本元素。故选A项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个元素很容易被错过，所以那些把这个框外细节包括在内的人可以获得“突破边界的创造力”的分数。A. catch接住；B. miss错过；C. target把……作为目标；D. misuse误用。根据上文“a small shape that could be found just outside the rectangular.”可知，这个元素在矩形框外，很容易被错过。故选B项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们将结果分为几个部分时，他们发现来自集体主义地区的学生在适应性创造力方面得分较高，而来自个人主义地区的学生在突破边界创造力方面得分较高。A. higher更高的；B. averagely平均；C. lower更低的；D. vaguely稍微。根据下文“while those from individualistic areas did better in boundary-breaking creativity”可知，此处表示集体主义地区的学生们在适应性创造力方面得分更高。故选A项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许我们一直忽视了中国的适应性创造力。A. capturing捕获；B. approaching接近；C. imitating模仿；D. overlooking忽视。根据下文“China’s adaptive creativity”可知，此处表示也许中国的适应性创造力一直被忽视了。故选D项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，虽然中国可能没有发明流水线，但在很大程度上，正是由于中国人民对这一系统所做的改进，中国才有了今天如此繁荣的制造业。A. improvements改进；B. drawbacks缺点；C. insights了解；D. attempts尝试。根据下文“the country has such a thriving manufacturing sector today”可推知，中国对于流水线做出了改进。故选A项。

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2022·全国·高一课时练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A program called Everlasting Classics is becoming ____36____ (increase) popular. The program, ____37____combines Chinese traditional poetry with music, was launched by China Central Television (CCTV) in 2018.
And it became a great hit soon after the program ____38____ (show) on CCTV 1 in 2018. It was hosted by Sa Beining, ____39____ CCTV host loved by the audience, and the Appreciation Group in the group included Professor Kang Zhen from Beijing Normal University, Dean of the China Conservatory of Music, Wang Liguang, the famous hostess Zeng Baoyi and the well-known singer Yu Chengqing. Together, they led the audience to interpret and appreciate many classic Chinese poems, enjoying the ____40____ (beautiful) that the poems brought to the audience. Moreover, the poems were adapted into songs, which were sung by famous singers, like Zhang Jie, Wang Yuan, etc, ____41____ (make) the program more spellbinding.
In Season 1 of the program, one of the ____42____ (attractive) songs was Butterfly Lovers (《梁祝》). An 88-year-old pianist called Wu Yili played the music with the famous violinist Lv Siqing. The melodious music moved many of the audience ____43____ tears. In recent years, CCTV has produced many programs ____44____ (spread) traditional Chinese culture, including Chinese Poetry Competition ____45____ Everlasting Classics. Thanks to these programs, many people set off a craze for the study of Chinese culture.
【答案】36．increasingly 37．which 38．was shown 39．a 40．beauty 41．making 42．most attractive 43．to 44．to spread 45．and
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国中央电视台为推广中国传统文化而制作的节目《经典咏流传》。
36．考查副词。句意：一个名为《经典咏流传》的节目正变得越来越流行。此处用副词修饰形容词popular，increasingly表示“越来越……”，符合题意。故填increasingly。
37．考查定语从句。句意：该节目由中国中央电视台于2018年推出，融合了中国传统诗歌和音乐。分析句子可知，所填空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The program，从句缺少作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
38．考查时态语态。句意：2018年该节目在央视一套播出后不久就成为热门节目。从句中的主语the program与show构成动宾关系，且根据时间状语in 2018可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was shown。
39．考查不定冠词。句意：嘉宾包括北京师范大学康震教授、中国音乐学院主任王丽光、著名女主持曾宝仪及著名歌手庾澄庆。名词或名词短语作同位语时，往往前面使用不定冠词，且CCTV发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
40．考查名词。句意： 他们领着观众解释并欣赏很多经典的中国诗歌，享受着诗歌给大家带来的美。定冠词the后应用名词，作enjoy的宾语。故填beauty。
41．考查现在分词。句意： 此外，这些诗歌被改编成歌曲，由张杰、王源等著名歌手演唱，使节目更加引人入胜。分析句子可知，后半句为结果状语，且前面主句与make构成主谓关系，因此应用现在分词表自然的结果。故填making。
42．考查形容词的最高级。句意：在节目的第一季中，最吸引人的歌曲之一是《梁祝》。分析句子可知，此处考查结构one of the+最高级, 意为“最……的之一”。故填most attractive。
43．考查介词。句意：悠扬的音乐使许多观众感动得流下了眼泪。move sb. to tears/be moved to tears为固定搭配，意为“把……感动哭/被……感动哭了”。故填to。
44．考查不定式。句意：近些年来，中国中央电视台制作了很多节目推广中国传统文化，包括《中国诗词大会》和《经典咏流传》。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to spread。
45．考查连词。句意：近些年来，中国中央电视台制作了很多节目推广中国传统文化，包括《中国诗词大会》和《经典咏流传》。此处两个节目为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。

第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节　应用文写作(满分15分)
（2022·全国·高一）一位叫黎明的中学生给报社编辑写信，反映尽管政府在尽力保护文化遗产，但到目前为止由于许多人都没有认识到保护文化遗产的重要性，文化遗产正在遭到破坏。希望人们认识到文化遗产是全人类的共同财富（common wealth），许多文化遗产一旦遭到破坏就无法修复。希望借助报社号召（call on sb. to do）全社会来珍惜（value）和保护文化遗产。
注意：
1. 书信内容包括上述内容，但不能逐句翻译；
2. 词数：100左右。
Dear Editor,
       I am a middle school student. I’m writing to tell you of my worry. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Your truly,
Li Ming
【答案】Dear Editor,
I am a middle school student. I’m writing to tell you of my worry. Because many people haven’t realized the importance of protecting cultural relics so far, many cultural relics are being damaged. We must protect these relics because they are parts of our culture. These relics are important to us because they help us to learn the glorious history and great culture of our country. Our government is doing its best to protect and restore them, which is not enough. Everyone should know cultural relics are the common wealth of humans. Many of them cannot be restored once they are destroyed. We should attach great importance to protecting cultural relics and it is everyone’s duty to do that. I hope, with the help of your newspaper, we can call on the whole society to value and protect our cultural relics.
Yours truly,
Li Ming
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给报社编辑写信，表达文化遗产的重要性，希望借助报社号召全社会珍惜和保护文化遗产。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
担忧：worry→concern
了解：know→understand
责任：duty→responsibility
呼吁：call on→appeal to
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：These relics are important to us because they help us to learn the glorious history and great culture of our country.
拓展句：The reason why these relics are important to us is that they help us to learn the glorious history and great culture of our country.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Our government is doing its best to protect and restore them, which is not enough.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Many of them cannot be restored once they are destroyed.（运用了once引导条件状语从句）

第二节　读后续写(满分25分)
（2022·湖南邵阳·高二期中）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
They don’t mean it
Our family moved here from China two years ago, and we thought we were pretty well adjusted to American ways. This year my parents decided to give a party on Chinese New Year and invite some of our American friends.
The party went pretty well. Our guests were amazed at the flavor of all the special foods. After the dinner, they thanked us for showing them what a real Chinese New Year dinner was like.
“I loved the dishes. You and the girls must have spent hours doing all the work!” Mrs. O’Meara said to my mother.
“The girls helped with the cutting and I’m sorry they did such a terrible job.” said Mother.
I heard a little gasp(倒吸气) from my friend Kim O’Meara, who stared wide-eyes at Mother. When I asked what the matter was, she told me she just didn’t understand why my mother said so.
I had to laugh. “She doesn’t mean it! It’s just the way she talks.”
Seeing her still confused look, I went on explaining, “In China, parents consider it good manners to deny praises about their children. Otherwise, it would be the same as bragging(自夸).” Kim seemed a little hesitant, but she nodded anyway.
That Easter, the O’Mearas invited our family for dinner. Mrs. O’Meara cooked a huge ham which we enjoyed a lot. As Mrs. O’Meara started cutting up the cake for dessert, Mother said, “I’m not sure if I can eat one more bite. That was the best ham I’ve ever tasted!”
“Aw, that ham was terrible,” said Kim. “I bet you could do a lot better, Mrs. Yang.”
注意:1. 续写短文词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
There was a stunned (震惊的) silence around the table.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
I finally knew how Kim had misunderstood what I had said.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】There was a stunned(震惊的) silence around the table. Kim was on the receiving end of a cold stare from Mrs. O’Meara, whose face reddened with embarrassment. I was also shocked at my friend’s mean remark. Clearing my throat, I finally asked, “What made you talk like that to your mother?” Kim whirled around, seemingly   furious“But you were the one who told me that saying nice things about your own family was the same as bragging!” she stuttered. “I was just trying to act modest!”
I finally knew how Kim had misunderstood what I had said.“Listen, Kim,” I took her hands in mine to calm her down, “Chinese parents might say critical things about their children to show modesty but young people are always expected to be respectful to the elders.” Hearing this, Kim sighed deeply, her cheeks flushed. The awkward silence was soon dispelled as the misunderstanding was erased. Drooping her head, Kim apologized for her impolite behavior. Mrs. O’Meara winked at her, joking, “That’s all right. We know you didn’t mean it!”
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者妈妈举办中国新年派对，为表谦虚，说自己孩子做得很糟糕。因为文化的差异，Kim误解了作者的话，在Kim妈妈邀请作者一家人参加复活节，Kim当面指责妈妈做得不够好，引起了大家的震惊。在作者的解释下，理解了中西文化的差异，和自己妈妈道歉的事。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“桌子周围一片让人震惊的寂静。”可知，第一段可描写因为对Kim说的话表示震惊以及大家的反应。
②由第二段首句内容“我终于知道Kim是怎么误解我说的话了。”可知，第二段可描写作者对Kim的误解进行解释，指出了中西文化的差异。
2.续写线索：批评妈妈做的火腿——大家震惊——误解作者的话——进行解释中西文化的差异——Kim给妈妈道歉
3.词汇激活
行为类
①道歉：apologize to sb for sth /make an apology to sb
②冷静：calm down/stay calm
③尊重：be respectful to sb/show respect for sb
情绪类
①尴尬：reddened with embarrassment /embarrassed
②震惊的：stunned /astonished/ amazed
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Kim was on the receiving end of a cold stare from Mrs. O’Meara, whose face reddened with embarrassment.（whose引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2] But you were the one who told me that saying nice things about your own family was the same as bragging!” she stuttered. （who引导的定语从句，that引导宾语从句）
[高分句型3] Hearing this, Kim sighed deeply, her cheeks flushed.（现在分词做伴随状语，运用了独立主格结构）