Unit 1 Nature in the Balance（A卷·知识通关练）-【单元测试】2022-2023学年高一英语分层训练AB卷（译林版2020必修第三册）

Class              Name             Number             Mark           

Unit 1 Nature in the Balance（A卷·知识通关练）

通关知识点一：to do不定式考点

1. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy___ anything that happened to be on.

 A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词用法。句意：这位老人每天晚上总是坐在电视机的前面，非常高兴的看电视上所播放的节目。watch的逻辑主语是指人，主动关系，又根据固定词组be happy to do sth 高兴做某事。故选A

2. I remembered                the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.

  A. locking         B. to lock      C. having locked       D. to have locked

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词remember后面加to do不定式表示“记得要去做某事”。remember后面接不定式表示记得去做某事，remember后面接动名词表示记得做过某事．如果选择A，说明门已经关好了，这与后面的before I left the office是相矛盾的，根据句意，记得"要去"关门．但是却忘记了去关灯．故选：B。

3. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______at the meeting will influence the future of our company.

A. to be made          B. being made

C. made               D. having been made

【答案】A

【解析】本句中to be made at the meeting是后置定语，修饰decision．从will和in half an hour可知，这里讲的是将来的事情，所以用动词不定式表将来，The decision 和make之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动结构．having been made一是不能作后置定语，二是它表示动作已经完成，这是与上下文不一致的．故选A．

4. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _____ an even greater challenge.

A. meets            B. meeting          C. meet            D. to meet

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果他接受了这个工作，他除了遇见一个更大的挑战以外别无选择。have no choice but to do：除了做某事以外没有选择是固定短语，故使用不定式。

5. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.

A. to be told       B. telling    C. being told   D. told   

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处only to do/be done表示意料之外的结果；现在分词作结果状语则表示自然的结果。这里George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。句意：战争后乔治回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开了他。

6. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.

A. being done        B. do          C. to be done       D. to do

【答案】C

【解析】 这里考查的是动词need的用法， sth needs to be done表示“某事需要被做”，相当于“sth needs doing ”这个结构。所以答案选C。

7. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _____ to the new students.

A. speaking         B. having spoken         C. to speak         D. to have spoken

【答案】C

【解析】句意：完成她的项目后，她应学校邀请去给新生们讲话。be invited to do sth“被邀请做某事”，所以答案选C。

8. This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.

A. operating        B. to be operating          C. operated       D. to operate

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。一些表示状态性质的形容词比如：easy；hard；comfortable等用来作表语时，sth作为主语，形容词后面接动词不定式，该不定式动词如果是及物动词与句子主语构成动宾关系;例如：My homework is easy to finish. 故D 正确。

9. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.

A. finding          B. to find          C. being found      D. to have found

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：汤姆乘的士赶到机场，结果只发现他要乘坐的飞机已经飞入高空了。此处only后接动词不定式to do表示意想不到的结果。故选B。

10. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ____ silent.

A. remain           B. be remaining         C. having remained     D. to remain

【答案】D

【解析】句意：无论你是多么健谈的人，总有些时候保持沉默更好。此题是no matter how引导的让步状语从句，而主句中又含有一个when引导的定语从句，从句中it是形式主语，而真正的主语是不定式结构to be silent。句型结构为：It + be + 形容词 + (of/for sb.）+ 动词不定式。

通关知识点二：单元核心单词词性变化

1.（江苏省常熟市2020-2021学年高一下学期期中英语试题）

23．As the list of species in danger of　   　（灭绝）becomes longer，we realize we can't afford to damage the "lungs of the planet".

【答案】23．extinction

2.（江苏省常熟市2021-2022学年高一下学期期中英语试题）

51．Many countries have laws offering special protection to endangered animals and their ________(栖息地). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）

55．A music video ________(以……为特色) a group of Chinese rappers trying to show a new side of China has gone viral on the internet. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)

【答案】51．habitats 55．featuring

3.（江苏盐城中学2020-2021学年高一下学期期中英语试题）

52. Suddenly, a tall man driving a carriage seized the girl and took her away, ________ (消失) into the woods.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）

【答案】disappearing

【解析】考查动词。句意：突然，一个驾着马车的高个子男人抓住了女孩，把她带走，消失在树林里。动词disappear应用非谓语形式，主谓关系用现在分词，表主动，作状语。故填disappearing。

53. For more information, you can refer to the ________(官方的) website of China Daily.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）

【答案】official

【解析】考查形容词。句意：更多信息，请访问《中国日报》官方网站。形容词official作定语修饰名词website。故填official。

4.（2020-2021学年度镇江市第二学期高一英语期中模拟试卷）

73. According to the o        figures, over three thousand people lost their lives during the outbreak of the epidemic in China.

【答案】73.official   

5.（2020-2021学年江苏省常州市天宁区第一中学高一下学期月考英语试卷）

2. Their healthy image disguise the fact that they are highly__________(加工过的) foods.

【答案】processed

【解析】考察process的形容词，句意：他们健康的品相掩盖住了它们是高度加工食品的事实。

6. It is geographically more diverse than any other ________(大陆).

【答案】continent

【解析】考察单词continent，句意：在地理上，这里比其他大陆都要纷繁。

8. He’s been meeting with British parliamentarian and government _________(官员).

【答案】officials

【解析】考察official，句意：他已经正在会见英国议会议员和政府官员中了。

10. High interest rates are a brake on the _________(经济)

【答案】economy

【解析】句意：高利率是经济的阻力

6.（2020-2021学年高一3月启东市吕四中学检测英语试卷）

72.He presented two solutions. The f          seems much better than the latter.

【答案】72. former  

74.If we don’t stop c_________ change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.

【答案】74. climate  

7.（经典题）

1.　　　　　(million) of dollars have gone into the building of this factory. 

2.The island offers such a wide 　　　　　(various) of scenery and wildlife. 

3.Many species are in danger of 　　　　　(extinct). 

4.Since bad stress is 　　　　　(harm) for us,we’d better try to change it into good stress. 

5.The fish can grow to a 　　　　　(long) of four feet. 

6.When you are tired with study,do something for fun.It helps you get relaxed,which 　　　　　turn can help you study better. 

7.Hopes are disappearing for the 　　　　　(survive) of the missing climbers. 

【答案】

1.Millions    2.variety      3.extinction  4.harmful    5.length   6.in    7.survival

通关知识点三：单元核心词组和句式完成句子

短语默写

1. 呼吁对动物的保护_____________  对.....造成伤害______________
2. 敲响警钟___________各种小动物的家_________
3. 从标题判断____________一片充满着小动物声音的绿色海洋_________
4. 在....中扮演着重要的角色__________保持地球生态系统的平衡________
5. 横跨____________最丰富的生物多样性___________
6. 支持着一个不可置信的多种类的野生动物___________
7. 根系___________高耸入云的古木____________黑点_________以.....昆虫为食________
8. 一群微生物________________分解身体___________农业和畜牧业_________
9. 想到，浮现脑海_____________对.....有影响___________为了食物捕杀动物_________
10. 对.....有间接影响__________摧毁动物栖息地______________有深远且有伤害的影响___________
11. 因为_________一个当地的居民_________一个公司的高级经理___________快速的发展___________
12. 变得完全不同__________逃脱__________深深地担心_________
13. 关注经济利益___________解决污染_________节能____________

【答案】

1. call for the protection of animals   2. do harm to 3. sound the alarm

4. be home to a wide range of animals 5. judge from the title 

6.a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of green

7. play a significant role in..... 8. maintain the balance of the Earth’s ecosystem 9. cross into

10. the richest diversity 11. support an unbelievable variety of wildlife 12. a root of system

14. towering ancient hardwoods  14. black spots  15. feed on insects 16. a tiny army of microorganism

17. break down body 18. agriculture and cattle farming 19. spring to mind

20. have impact on something  21. hunt animals for food 22. have indirect influence on

23. destroy animal habitats 24. have a deep and damaging influence 25. due to 26. a local resident

27. a senior manager of a local company  28. rapid development 29. be entirely different

30. get rid of 31. be deeply concerned for 32. draw attention to the economic benefits

33. deal with the pollution 34. save energy

完成句子

1.这事对我们有害还是有益,还有待观察。

Whether it will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is not clear. 

2.教师应设法使课堂富有生气。

A teacher should try to 　　　　　　　　　　　　the class. 

3.大块的云团向这里移来。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　clouds were moving towards here. 

4.动物死后,它们的尸体被分解,养分被送回土壤。

When animals died,their bodies 　　　　　　　　　　　and the nutrients are returned to the earth. 

5.阅读能扩充你的词汇量。

Reading can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

【答案】

1.do us harm or good     2.breathe life into

3.Large masses of    4.are broken down     5.build up your vocabulary

翻译句子

1.相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。

These frogs, in turn,                          which cat leaves and fruit.

1. 随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题:我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗?

        the        of human activities continues to grow and the list of species on danger of          becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage th“lungs of the planet"?

3.空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽，老是不好。

The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it's also given me a cough that I can’t                 

4.点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。

After a roll call confirmed that all were                        ，they relax laughing, crying and hugging cach other.

5.尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡，200 多人受伤，但只有5名学生受了轻伤。

Only 5 students         slight          ,         the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster arca at large.

【答案】

1.live on insects    2. As impact; extinction            3.get rid of  

4.safe and sound    5.suffered; injuries; despite

通关知识点四：七选五

1.（2022湖南省岳阳市华容县2高一下学期英语期末试卷）

The Science of Risk-Seeking

Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. ____16____ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work?

The reason why any of us take any risks al all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. ____17____ As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.

So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. ___18___

No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. ____19____ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.

___20___ For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.

As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.

A．It all depends on your character.

B．Those are the risks you should jump to take.

C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.

D．Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.

E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.

F．However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.

G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.

【答案】16．F17．C18．A19．E20．G

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关．

16．根据前文because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。根据后文Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样．故F选项 “然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与上文为转折关系，且承接下文。故选F。

17．根据前文Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring．喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接上文。故选C。

18．根据前文So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it．也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。故A选项“这要依据你的性格”承接上文。故选A。

19．根据前文scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据下文To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”承接上下文。故选E。

20．根据下文For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作” 承接下文。故选G。

通关知识点五：单元话题应用文写作

1.（2020-2021学年湖南省永州市二十八中下学期高一3月月考英语试卷）

假定你是李华。你在国际学校就读的好友Tom想了解你校下周六将进行的劳动课。请你给他写 一封电子邮件,内容如下:

1.介绍劳动课的内容;

2.邀请参加;

3.提醒相关事项。

注意:

1.写作词数应为80左右;

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】

Dear Tom,

How is it going? I’m delighted to tell you a labor class is scheduled at 8:00 next Saturday morning in our school.

The labor class aims to improve students’ skills in life, which has many interesting activities, including planting trees or flowers, raising chicks and helping do some cleaning. Therefore, I would very much like to invite you to join us in it. If you do, please take some necessary working tools, such as brooms and gloves. Besides, don’t forget to arrive at our school on time.

Looking forward to your coming!

Yours,

Li Hu