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2022-2023学年浙江省百校联考高考英语模拟试卷解析版
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这是一份2022-2023学年浙江省百校联考高考英语模拟试卷解析版,共25页。试卷主要包含了5分)等内容,欢迎下载使用。
2023年浙江省百校联考高考英语模拟试卷
学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________
题号
一
二
三
四
五
总分
得分
注意事项:
1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷(选择题)
一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,共37.5分)
A
SIX60 Saturdays
Sat 29 Oct 2022
SIX60 Saturdays is here this Saturday!The band has just released their latest single Before You Leave,off their fourth studio album(音乐专辑)Castle St released on 7 October.These shows will be fans 'first chance to see their new songs played live.
This year's show at Sky Stadium in Wellington will be joined by special guests Niko Walters,Coterie,Supergroove,and Tones and I.
Perth-based Kiwi band of brothers Coterie,has been handpicked by SIX60 to open all six shows on the SIX60 Saturdays stadium tour kicking off this October.These shows will be the first-ever shows in New Zealand for the local Maori tribes(部落)of Te Aupouri,Ngapuhi and Ngai Te Rangi,making the shows even more important.
Tickets
Tickets are on sale now through Ticketek.
We strongly advise against buying tickets from any unauthorized(未经授权的)ticket re-seller as the tickets may not be real or may be cancelled by the event organiser.Ticketek is the only authorized sales channel for SIX60 concert in Wellington.
Car parking
Car parking space is available to buy online through Ticketek.It is highly recommended that you buy your space online in advance,especially if you are coming from out of town.The car park was full at last year's show.
Accessibility information
To buy a wheelchair ticket,please call Ticketek on their wheelchair booking line:0800686677.You cannot book wheelchair tickets online.
For more information about the show,please visit SIX60 Saturdays' official site.
1. Which special guest will be present at the beginning of all SIX60 Saturdays' shows?
A. Supergroove. B. Coterie. C. Niko Walters. D. Tones and I.
2. What is special about SIX60 Saturdays'shows in New Zealand?
A. They are partly held online.
B. They are free for the disabled.
C. They are meaningful to some local tribes.
D. They are hosted by handpicked stadiums.
3. What should the audience know about the show in Wellington?
A. There are enough car parking spaces.
B. They can book wheelchair tickets online.
C. 0800686677 is a booking line for all tickets.
D. They have to buy tickets through Ticketek.
B
Jane Jacobs was born on May 4,1916.In 1935,upon high school graduation,Jane and her sister Betty left for Brooklyn,New York.After moving to New York City,she studied at Columbia for two years and then got a job with Iron Age magazine.
In 1952,Jacobs began working at Architectural Forum.She continued to write articles about urban planning projects and later served as the associate editor.After looking into and reporting on several urban development projects in Philadelphia and East Harlem,she came to believe that much of the common consensus(共识)on urban planning exhibited little concern for the people involved,especially African Americans.She observed that"revitalization(复兴)"often came at the expense of the community.
In 1956,Jacobs was asked to substitute for another Architectural Forum writer and give a lecture at Harvard.She talked about her observations on East Harlem,and the importance of"strips of chaos"over"our concept of urban order."
The speech was well-received,and she was asked to write for Fortune magazine.She used that occasion to write Downtown Is for People,condemning Parks Commissioner Robert Moses for his approach to redevelopment in New York City.
In 1958,Jacobs received a large grant to study city planning.She linked up with The New School in New York,and after three years,published the book for which she is most known,The Death and Life of Great American Cities.But she was criticized by many in the field for not including an analysis of race.
Jacobs became an activist working against the plans from Robert Moses to tear down existing buildings in Greenwich Village and build high rises.She opposed building an express-way that would have connected two bridges to Brooklyn with the Holland Tunnel,displacing much housing and many business in Washington Square Park and the West Village.This would have destroyed Washington Square Park.The campaigns she attended were turnaround points in removing Moses from power and changing the direction of city planning.
Jacobs died in 2006 in Toronto.Her family asked that she be remembered by reading her books and carrying out her ideas.
4. What did Jacobs realize as the associate editor?
A. Revitalization had to come with a price.
B. Urban planning cared little about people.
C. It was hard to do urban planning projects.
D. It was useful to report on development projects.
5. What's the purpose of Jacobs' writing Downtown Is for People?
A. She accused the approach to redeveloping New York.
B. She was determined to support Robert Moses's idea.
C. She wrote a summary for her speech made at Harvard.
D. She wanted to compensate for another Architectural Forum writer.
6. What can be learned about The Death and Life of Great American Cities?
A. It was thought highly of by many. B. It established her reputation.
C. It was an attack on big cities. D. It made her a great fortune.
7. What did Jacobs achieve as an activist in Greenwich Village?
A. She built many high rises.
B. She designed an expressway.
C. She made a difference to city planning.
D. She launched many campaigns to seize power.
C
From wearing a lucky pair of socks to following family traditions,rituals(仪式)are embedded in our everyday lives.Rituals are central to actually all of our social institutions.They are held by the army,governments and companies,in parades or ceremonies.They are used by athletes who always wear the same socks for important games.
As we study rituals in a humanistic and scientific way,even if people perform those rituals without a clear purpose,or even when they do have a purpose,there is no particular causal(因果的)connection between the actions they take and that purpose.For example,when I perform a rain ritual,there is no connection between my movements and water falling from the sky.
But even so,just because ritual does not have any direct causal effect on the world,it does not mean that it has no effect on the world at all.In fact,rituals have very important functions in human societies.They help individuals through their anxieties;they help groups of people connect to one another;they help people find meaning in their lives.
In fact,even rituals that seem to be painful,stressful,or dangerous have measurable functions for people who perform them.For example,in the context of a fire walking ritual in Spain,we found that during this ritual,people's heart rates synchronized(同步).This was not just an effect of people moving at the same time—their heart rates would synchronize no matter what they were doing at the same time:walking on fire or just watching it.
What happened was that people started either adapting traditional ceremonies or creating new ceremonies.That's like what we saw when people in big cities came out on their balconies and started banging pots and pans together,in a show of solidarity(团结).
8. What does the underlined word"embedded"mean in paragraph 1?
A. Be sound asleep. B. Be deeply rooted.
C. Be easily noticeable. D. Be additionally needed.
9. What do we know about rituals that people perform with a clear purpose?
A. They don't have any causal effect that can be measured.
B. They help people with what they want to achieve.
C. They don't play a role in human societies.
D. They help people take effective actions.
10. Why does the author mention the fire walking ritual?
A. To explore the meaning of the ritual.
B. To prove some rituals are dangerous.
C. To invite people to learn more about the ritual.
D. To show rituals influence those attending them.
11. In which part of a magazine can we probably read the text?
A. Education. B. Science. C. Culture. D. Travel.
D
Consumers around the world could be wasting more than twice as much food as thought,according to an analysis that says previous figures have been underestimated.The Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)claims that around a third of food is lost or wasted.Its report is considered to have played a key part in food waste reduction becoming one of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals.
"The problem is much worse than we think.We have to wake up.I hope it's a wakeup call,"says Monika Verma from Wageningen University in the Netherlands.She and her team took an unusual approach to calculate global food waste.Due to a shortage of comparable national data on such waste around the world,they instead inferred it.First,they compared how much food is produced—based on UN data on its availability—with how much is eaten,as calculated by the energy people need to consume and World Health Organization(WHO)data on body mass from 66 countries.Then they used World Bank data to factor in affluence
(富裕).
This suggests that an average person wastes 527 kilo calories a day.That is about one-fifth of the 2,500 kilo calories the average man needs to maintain a healthy body weight,according to the UK's National Health Service,or a quarter of the daily recommended intake for a woman.The previous FAO estimate came to only 214 kilocalories a day.
Verma has found that food waste starts to become a serious issue once people reach a total spending power of ﹩6.70 a day.She says the work shows the importance of looking at different consumer attributes(属性)."Food waste is a luxury when you're poor;it's not when you're richer.The value of food goes down as you get richer."
There are limitations to the new analysis.It only covers 67 percent of the world popula-tion and doesn't draw on data from some big food-wasting countries,including the US.The FAO says the research provides new perspectives(视角),but should be viewed as part of a body of literature.Andrea Cattaneo at the FAO has some doubts about the results,such as Japan coming out as a country that wastes lots of food,which he says"is unlikely to reflect the reality."
Verma says the biggest assumption the new analysis makes is that poorer countries will develop the same way as richer ones did in the past.That risks a"brewing potential future problem"of even more food waste,she and her colleagues warn.
12. What problem arose while Verma and her team were calculating food waste?
A. There wasn't full access to UN data.
B. There wasn't the same body mass standard.
C. There wasn't the total amount of food production.
D. There wasn't national-level data that could be compared.
13. Which aspect of consumer attributes does Verma's analysis focus on?
A. Their health status.
B. Their living standards.
C. Their opinions of food value.
D. Their frequency of food shopping.
14. In what way is Verma's analysis weakened?
A. It doesn't point out potential future problems.
B. It doesn't draw on reliable data from the WHO.
C. It doesn't take some rich countries into account.
D. It doesn't pay enough attention to poor countries.
15. What is the main purpose of this text?
A. To report a research result.
B. To explain a rare phenomenon.
C. To give an introduction to the FAO.
D. To show how to reduce food waste.
二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题,共12.5分)
Perspective plays a role in literature.When writers tell a story,they do so through a narrator(叙述者).That's the character who describes what's happening in a book,play or other types of story.Readers tend to trust the narrator.(1) But is that always the case?
No,it's not!Often,the narrator is influenced by their own perspective.They may not tell the whole story.They may even be dishonest.Because of this,they become an unreliable narrator.
Unreliable narrators are most common in stories told from the first person point of view.(2) In first person point of view,the narrator will use words like"I","me"and"we".
In some cases,the character telling the story is simply dishonest.The narrator may be hiding something,such as their own mistakes.In other stories,the narrator may be unreliable without being dishonest.This can happen when the character doesn't have all the information they need.It could mean that the narrator is quite young.(3)
A narrator can also be unreliable if the story they tell is heavily influenced by their own perspective.For example,a character with a strong bias may leave some facts of a story out.(4)
Why would a writer use an unreliable narrator?They may do so to push the reader to dig deeper into the story.(5) Imagine finding out at the end of a book that the narrator has been dishonest.It can make for quite the plot twist!
A.Each character has a unique perspective.
B.That means the narrator is part of the story.
C.It can also give a story the element of surprise.
D.Unreliable narrators also show up outside of literature.
E.They believe this character must be telling them the truth.
F.They may also lack experience of the topic they're talking about.
G.They may do so to make the story better fit their own worldview.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空(本大题共15小题,共15.0分)
As a roofing contractor(承包商),Ken Hendricks was fed up with the awful service he was getting at home- building supply centers.But he didn 't get (1) --he started his own company.
Today,25 years later,Hendricks is CEO of ABC Supply,the largest wholesale (2) of roofing in the US.He (3) the business on old-fashioned family values."My dad was a hardworking,honest person,"says Hendricks,the son of a roofer."But my father didn't get any (4) because of what he did."When Hendricks left high school to work with his dad,he saw that (5) was extended to contractors by the business owners who sold them building materials.They were (6) in one thing:selling something.Whether it (7) or not,they didn't care.Hendricks took that (8) to heart,determined to put the customer first.
After 20 years of(9) his own roofing business,he had the finances and experience to make a(n)(10) and ABC Supply was born.In four years,the company (11) or opened nearly 50 stores and made ﹩183 million in sales."Compared to most companies,one thing we've done(12) is to always keep the people in place."Hendricks is always (13) ways to reward his people.
" Don't let money be the (14) ," he advises anyone starting a business." (15) ,understand what the customer needs.When you help your customer grow,you grow."
21. A. confused B. envious C. mad D. embarrassed
22. A. profit B. distributor C. account D. negotiator
23. A. established B. recalled C. assumed D. rejected
24. A. respect B. doubt C. education D. entertainment
25. A. competence B. panic C. decision D. attitude
26. A. honest B. fortunate C. interested D. experienced
27. A. existed B. worked C. decreased D. happened
28. A. skill B. investment C. proposal D. lesson
29. A. restarting B. predicting C. suspending D. operating
30. A. visit B. exception C. move D. evaluation
31. A. observed B. resisted C. investigated D. acquired
32. A. differently B. financially C. precisely D. curiously
33. A. dealing with B. searching for C. learning from D. showing off
34. A. intervention B. motivator C. substitute D. loan
35. A. Otherwise B. Still C. Therefore D. Instead
第II卷(非选择题)
四、语法填空(本大题共1小题,共15.0分)
36. There are no big screens or superstars and yet an outdoor basketball (1) ( compete) in rural China has attracted tens of thousands to its matches.Its popularity is even comparable to(2) of the Olympic Games.
Widely known as CunBA— Cun meaning village in Chinese,the basketball event (3) (hold)in Taipan Village in Taijiang County in Guizhou Province every year,which is an important part of a traditional Miao ethnic harvest(收获)festival during the lunar calendar month of June.
From July 30 to August 2 this year,16 teams from across Guizhou Province took part in the event (4) ( name) Guizhou Beautiful Village Basketball League.Most of the players were farmers,with only the referees(裁判)(5) (have)professional experience.More than 10,000 people watched the games every evening and millions watched online.
Because of the (6) ( boom) of the games,many had to stand outside the seating area,even climbing onto nearby hills and rooftops to watch.People hit water bottles together as they cheered(7) their favourite teams.During(8) ( break) of matches,local artists performed traditional Miao-style dances,forming a kind of cheering squad(拉拉队).
After 27 matches,this year a team from Liping County(9) ( win) the championship after beating a team from Kaili City,with a score of 102 to 85.One of the players,Yang Changyi,said," Basketball is our hobby.(10) we are not professional players,we have a dream in our heart—to show ourselves on a bigger stage."
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达(本大题共2小题,共40.0分)
37. 假定你是李华,你校英文报的Health栏目正在举行征文比赛。请你以中医为话题写一篇英文短文参赛。内容包括:
(1)简要介绍中医;
(2)如何看待中医的流行与传承。
参考词汇:中医traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)
注意:
(1)写作词数应为80左右;
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
38. "Sit down and be quiet!"Mrs.Hall shouted.
It was the norm(常态).Whenever she came to this class,she would always find the boys rowdy(吵闹的)and unruly.Miles,who was well-known for being noisy and never doing his homework,was especially a headache for Mrs.Hall.She tried to set him straight,but all her advice fell on deaf ears.
Mrs.Hall knew some of these students only put up a tough front to help them deal with life.She could tell deep down Miles was a good boy and always offered academic help whatever his attitudes.
Later Mrs.Hall had to quit her job because of her illness.On her last day there,as she said goodbye to the kids,she saw Miles cry.
Miles caught up as she left the classroom and said he would miss her.
Mrs.Hall handed him a round brass coin and comforted him,"This penny will surely bring you luck.I know you're a good boy and I believe in you.If only you could focus on your future,you would succeed in whatever you put your mind to."Miles choked up and lost for words.
After Mrs.Hall left the school,she lived in a small town.Her illness had eaten up her life savings.She borrowed money from friends and family to pay for her treatment,and now,she was swimming in debt.
One day,Mrs.Hall was at home when she heard a car sound in front of her house.She looked out the window to see a white car parked there.She then saw a man get out of the driver's seat and start approaching her front door.She did not recognize him and wondered who he could be.A few seconds later,she heard a knock.She came to open the door.
"Hello,Mrs.Hall,I know you don't recognize me!"said the handsome young man.
"To be honest,I don't.Do I know you?"
"You should!"He laughed."It's me!Miles!Remember your troublesome student at Spring Hill High School?"
"What?Is that you?"Mrs.Hall stared at Miles."You've grown so tall and...and..."
"Handsome…?"
They both laughed,and after the initial shock died,Mrs.Hall invited Miles into her home.
注意:
(1)续写词数应为150左右;
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
They sat for hours as Miles explained how he had turned over a new leaf after she left.______
Mrs.Hall was too excited to know what to say.______
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、D
【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第三段Perth-based Kiwi band of brothers Coterie,has been handpicked by SIX60 to open all six shows on the SIX60 Saturdays stadium tour kicking off this October.(总部位于珀斯的新西兰Coterie兄弟乐队被SIX60精心挑选,将在今年10月开始的SIX60周六体育场巡回演出中开设所有六场演出。)可知将出席所有SIX60周六节目的是Coterie公司。故选B。
(2)推理判断题。根据第三段These shows will be the first-ever shows in New Zealand for the local Maori tribes(部落)of Te Aupouri,Ngapuhi and Ngai Te Rangi,making the shows even more important.(这些演出将是新西兰当地毛利部落Te Aupouri、Ngapuhi和Ngai Te Rangi的首次演出,这使得这些演出变得更加重要。)可知周六在新西兰的演出的特别之处是它们对一些当地部落来说很有意义。故选C。
(3)细节理解题。根据Tickets部分Ticketek is the only authorized sales channel for SIX60 concert in Wellington.(Ticketek是惠灵顿SIX60演唱会的唯一授权销售渠道。)可知惠灵顿的演出必须通过Ticketek购票。故选D。
本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了SIX60 Saturdays演出的相关信息。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】B、C、C、A
【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据第二段urban planning exhibited little concern for the people involved(城市规划很少关注涉及其中的民众)可知雅各布斯意识到,作为城市规划的副主编,他很少关心人。故答案为B。
(2)目的意图题。根据第三段In 1956,Jacobs was asked to substitute for another Architectural Forum writer and give a lecture at Harvard.She talked about her observations on East Harlem,and the importance of"strips of chaos"over"our concept of urban order."(1956年,雅各布斯被要求代替另一位建筑论坛作家在哈佛大学演讲。她谈到了她对东哈莱姆的观察,以及"混乱地带"对"我们的城市秩序概念"的重要性。)和第四段She used that occasion to write Downtown Is for People,condemning Parks Commissioner Robert Moses for his approach to redevelopment in New York City.(她利用这个机会写了《市中心是为了人民》,谴责公园专员罗伯特•摩斯对纽约市重新开发的做法。)可知雅各布斯写《市中心是为了人民》的目的是她为自己在哈佛的演讲写了一份总结。故答案为C。
(3)推理判断题。根据第五段But she was criticized by many in the field for not including an analysis of race.(她因为没有考虑到种族问题被许多人谴责。)可知,该书没有被大多数人接受,所以影响是负面的,人们谴责也是因为不同意,所以人们认为该书对大城市来说并不友好,因此C.It was an attack on big cities.(这是对大城市的攻击。)符合题意。故答案为C。
(4)细节理解题。根据原文第六段tear down existing buildings in Greenwich Village and build high rises(推倒格林威治村庄存在的建筑并建造高楼)可知雅各布斯作为一名活动家在格林威治村建造了许多高楼。A.She built many high rises.她建了许多高楼;B.She designed an expressway.她设计了一条高速公路;C.She made a difference to city planning.她对城市规划做出了贡献;D.She launched many campaigns to seize power.她发起了许多夺权运动。故答案为A。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jacobs为反对城市规划不考虑人民群众做出的努力和业绩。
一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】B、A、D、C
【解析】(1)猜测词义题。根据常识和第一段From wearing a lucky pair of socks to following family traditions,rituals(仪式)are embedded in our everyday lives.Rituals are central to actually all of our social institutions.(从穿上一双幸运的袜子到遵循家庭传统,仪式已经深入到我们的日常生活中。仪式实际上是我们所有社会机构的核心。)可知embedded的意思是"根深蒂固的,深入的"。A.Be sound asleep.睡得很熟的;B.Be deeply rooted.根深蒂固的,深入的;C.Be easily noticeable.容易被注意到的;D.Be additionally needed.被额外需要的。故选B。
(2)推理判断题。根据文章第二段 As we study rituals in a humanistic and scientific way,even if people perform those rituals without a clear purpose,or even when they do have a purpose,there is no particular causal(因果的)connection between the actions they take and that purpose(当我们以人文主义和科学的方式研究仪式时,即使人们没有明确的目的地进行这些仪式,或者即使他们确实有目的,他们采取的行动和那个目的之间也没有特定的因果联系)可知A.They don't have any causal effect that can be measured.(它们没有任何可以测量的因果效应。)符合题意。故选A。
(3)推理判断题。根据文章第四段For example,in the context of a fire walking ritual in Spain,we found that during this ritual,people's heart rates synchronized(同步).This was not just an effect of people moving at the same time—their heart rates would synchronize no matter what they were doing at the same time:walking on fire or just watching it.(例如,在西班牙的走火仪式中,我们发现在这个仪式中,人们的心率是同步的。这不仅仅是人们同时运动的结果---无论他们同时在做什么,他们的心率都会同步:在火上行走或者只是看着它。)可知作者提到了走火仪式,以显示仪式对参与者的影响。故选D。
(4)文章出处题。根据文章第一段From wearing a lucky pair of socks to following family traditions,rituals(仪式)are embedded in our everyday lives.Rituals are central to actually all of our social institutions.They are held by the army,governments and companies,in parades or ceremonies.They are used by athletes who always wear the same socks for important games.(从穿上一双幸运的袜子到遵循家庭传统,仪式已经深入到我们的日常生活中。仪式实际上是我们所有社会机构的核心。它们由军队、政府和公司在游行或仪式中举行。它们被那些在重要比赛中总是穿同样袜子的运动员使用。)可知本文属于文化类的文章。A.Education.教育;B.Science.科学;C.Culture.文化;D.Travel.旅游。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了从穿上一双幸运的袜子到遵循家庭传统,仪式已经深入到我们的日常生活中。仪式实际上是我们所有社会机构的核心。
一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
12~15.【答案】D、B、C、A
【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第二段Due to a shortage of comparable national data on such waste around the world,they instead inferred it.(由于缺乏世界各地关于此类废物的可比国家数据,他们转而进行了推断。)可知,当Verma和她的团队在计算食物浪费时,没有国家层面的数据可以进行比较。故选D。
(2)推理判断题。根据第二段First,they compared how much food is produced—based on UN data on its availability—with how much is eaten,as calculated by the energy people need to consume and World Health Organization(WHO)data on body mass from 66 countries.Then they used World Bank data to factor in affluence(首先,他们比较了根据联合国关于粮食供应量的数据生产的粮食数量,以及根据人们需要消耗的能源和世界卫生组织(WHO)66个国家的体重数据计算的食用量。然后,他们使用世界银行的数据来考虑富裕程度。)可知,Verma的分析重点是消费者的生活水平。故选B。
(3)推理判断题。根据第四段There are limitations to the new analysis.It only covers 67 percent of the world popula-tion and doesn't draw on data from some big food-wasting countries,including the US.(这项新的分析有局限性。它只涵盖了世界67%的人口,没有利用包括美国在内的一些粮食浪费大国的数据。)可知,Verma的分析没有考虑到一些富裕国家。故选C。
(4)写作意图题。根据全文和第一段Consumers around the world could be wasting more than twice as much food as thought,according to an analysis that says previous figures have been underestimated.(一项分析显示,世界各地的消费者浪费的食物可能是想象中的两倍多,此前的数据被低估了。)可知,文章的目的是报告一个研究结果。故选A。
本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了一项分析显示,世界各地的消费者浪费的食物可能是想象中的两倍多。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。
16~20.【答案】E、B、F、G、C
【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据上文Readers tend to trust the narrator(读者倾向于信任叙述者。)可知,此处强调读者对作者的信任。选项"E.They believe this character must be telling them the truth.他们相信这个角色一定正在告诉他们真相。"符合题意。故选E项。
(2)细节理解题。根据上文Unreliable narrators are most common in stories told from the first person point of view(不可靠的叙述者在以第一人称叙述的故事中最为常见。)可知作者通过第一人称"我"或者"我们"的视角去讲述故事。选项"B.That means the narrator is part of the story.叙述者也成了故事的一部分。"符合题意。故选B项。
(3)细节理解题。根据上文This can happen when the character doesn't have all the information they need.It could mean that the narrator is quite young.(这可能发生在角色没有得到他们所需要的所有信息的时候。这可能意味着叙述者很年轻。)可知,叙述者在讲述故事时信息不全面是因为叙述者很年轻,他们缺少经验,选项"F.They may also lack experience of the topic they're talking about.他们也可能对所谈论的话题缺乏经验。"符合题意。故选F项。
(4)推理判断题。根据前文A narrator can also be unreliable if the story they tell is heavily influenced by their own perspective.For example,a character with a strong bias may leave some facts of a story out.(如果叙述者讲述的故事深受自己视角的影响,那么他们也可能不可靠。例如,一个有强烈偏见的角色可能会遗漏故事中的一些事实)可知,叙述者是通过自己的视角去讲述故事,会带有一些强烈的偏见。选项"G.They may do so to make the story better fit their own worldview.他们这样做可能是为了让故事更符合他们自己的世界观。"符合题意。故选G项。
(5)推理判断题。根据下文Imagine finding out at the end of a book that the narrator has been dishonest.It can make for quite the plot twist!(想象一下,在一本书的结尾发现叙述者不诚实。这可能会造成情节的更加曲折!)可知叙述者故意讲述不实事实可能是为了增加故事的悬念,从而给读者带来意外之喜,选项"C.It can also give a story the element of surprise.它也可以给一个故事带来惊喜的元素。"符合题意。故选C项。
这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了视角不同,叙述者讲述的故事也会有所不实。
技巧:①通读全文,了解文章大意;②细读七个选项,找出和文章相对应的关键词,分析选项间的逻辑关系;③根据文章整体结构、具体内容,结合关键词,选出最佳选项;④将所选答案代入文中,再次通读全文,重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理。
21~35.【答案】C、B、A、A、D、C、B、D、D、C、D、A、B、B、D
【解析】(1)考查形容词及语境理解。A.confused困惑的;B.envious嫉妒的;C.mad生气的,不明智的;D.embarrassed尴尬的。句意:但是他没有恼羞成怒——他创办了他自己的公司。根据上文"was fed up with the awful service"和"But"可知,亨德里克斯受够了这种糟糕的服务,应该会感到气愤,但是他并没有。故选C。
(2)考查名词及语境理解。A.profit利益;B.distributor经销商;C.account账户,客户,描述,解释;D.negotiator谈判者。句意:二十五年后的今天,亨德里克斯是美国最大的屋顶批发经销商ABC Supply的首席执行官。根据全文内容以及下文"made ﹩183 million in sales"和"understand what the customer needs"可知,ABC Supply把商品销售给客户,应该是经销商,B项符合题意。故选B。
(3)考查动词及语境理解。A.established建立;B.recalled记起;C.assumed假设;D.rejected拒绝。句意:他以传统的家族价值观建立了企业。根据上文"he started his own company"可知,亨德里克斯创办了自己的公司,所以这里表示建立企业。故选A。
(4)考查名词及语境理解。A.respect尊重;B.doubt怀疑;C.education教育;D.entertainment娱乐。句意:但是我的父亲没有因为他所做的事情得到任何尊重。根据上文"My dad was a hardworking,honest person"以及"But"可知,亨德里克斯的父亲是一位刻苦又诚实的人,这里表示转折,说明他的父亲没有得到应有的尊重。故选A。
(5)考查名词及语境理解。A.competence能力,权限;B.panic惊慌;C.decision决定;D.attitude态度。句意:当亨德里克斯高中毕业后和父亲一起工作时,他发现这种态度被卖给他们建筑材料的企业主扩展到了承包商身上。根据下文"selling something"可知,提供建筑材料的企业一心只为卖货赚钱,这种态度也扩展到了承包商身上。D项符合题意。故选D。
(6)考查形容词及语境理解。A.honest诚实的;B.fortunate幸运的;C.interested感兴趣的;D.experienced有经验的。句意:他们只对一件事感兴趣:卖东西。根据下文"determined to put the customer first"可知,和亨德里克斯把客户放在第一位的态度不同,其他企业和承包商只对卖东西感兴趣。C项符合题意。故选C。
(7)考查动词及语境理解。A.existed存在;B.worked奏效,产生……作用;C.decreased(使)减少;D.happened发生。句意:不管它是否起到作用,他们不关心。根据本段内容可知,其他企业和承包商只对卖东西感兴趣,对产品是否起到作用并不关心。故选B。
(8)考查名词及语境理解。A.skill技巧;B.investment投资;C.proposal提案;D.lesson教训。句意:亨德里克斯牢记这个教训,决定把客户放在第一位。根据本段内容可知,亨德里克斯把其他企业和承包商逐利的行为当成一个教训来提醒自己。故选D。
(9)考查动词及语境理解。A.restarting重新开始;B.predicting预测;C.suspending(使)悬浮;D.operating管理,经营(企业)。句意:在经营了二十年自己的屋顶业务后,他有了足够的资金和经验来采取行动,于是ABC Supply诞生了。根据"he had the finances and experience"可知,亨德里克斯有了金钱和经验上的积累是因为二十年的企业经营。故选D。
(10)考查动词及语境理解。A.visit参观;B.exception例外;C.move移动;D.evaluation评估。句意:在经营了二十年自己的屋顶业务后,他有了足够的资金和经验来采取行动,于是ABC Supply诞生了。根据"ABC Supply was born"可知,亨德里克斯准备好采取行动,创立了自己的公司ABC Supply。make a move走一步,开始行动,为固定搭配。故选C。
(11)考查动词及语境理解。A.observed观察到;B.resisted阻挡,抵抗;C.investigated调查;D.acquired获得。句意:在四年时间里,该公司收购或开设了近50家门店,销售额达1.83亿美元。根据"50 stores"可知,50家门店是自己开设或者收购获得的,D项符合题意。故选D。
(12)考查副词及语境理解。A.differently不同地;B.financially财政上;C.precisely精确地;D.curiously好奇地。句意:与大多数公司相比,我们做的不一样的一件事是始终把人安排在合适的位置。根据"to always keep the people in place"可知,亨德里克斯把员工放在合适的位置,这和其他多数公司的做法(in one thing:selling something)不同,A项符合语境。故选A。
(13)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.dealing with处理;B.searching for搜索,寻找;C.learning from向……学习;D.showing off炫耀。句意:亨德里克斯总是找办法回报他的手下。根据上文"to always keep the people in place"可知,亨德里克斯善于用人,所以会寻找办法回报他的员工。故选B。
(14)考查名词及语境理解。A.intervention干预;B.motivator动力;C.substitute代替物;D.loan贷款。句意:"不要让金钱成为动力,"他建议任何一个创业者。根据全文内容可知,不要让金钱成为创业的动力,要把消费者放在首位。B项符合语境。故选B。
(15)考查副词及语境理解。A.Otherwise否则;B.Still仍然;C.Therefore所以;D.Instead代替,反而。句意:相反,了解客户需要什么。根据上文"Don't let money be the"及"understand what the customer needs"可知,前后句构成转折关系,D项符合语境。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了亨德里克斯作为一名屋顶承包商,受他的父亲影响,决心把客户放在第一位,而不要只看短期利益,后来他成功创业,用自己的亲身经历来启发更多的创业者。
完形填空主要考查单词词义辨析和语境理解的能力,本篇完形填空没有原词复现的设空,需要全部根据上下文语境的推理或固定搭配的提示来作答。本文选项中有对常见一词多义的考查,如lesson课程,教训;work工作,(机器)运转,产生……作用。
36.【答案】【小题1】competition
【小题2】that
【小题3】is held
【小题4】named
【小题5】having
【小题6】booming
【小题7】on
【小题8】breaks
【小题9】won
【小题10】Although/Though
【解析】(1)考查可数名词单数。句意:这里没有大屏幕,也没有超级明星,但中国农村的一场户外篮球比赛吸引了数万人观看。根据冠词an可知,此处应用可数名词单数形式作主语,结合句意可知,名词competition"比赛"符合题意。故填competition。
(2)考查代词。句意:它的受欢迎程度甚至可以与奥运会相媲美。分析可知,此处代指前文提到的popularity,且把中国农村的一场户外篮球比赛的受欢迎程度与奥运会的受欢迎程度相比较,故应用代词that。故填that。
(3)考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:在中国被广泛称为村BA(村的意思是村庄)的这个篮球赛,每年在贵州省台江县的太潘村举行,这是农历六月苗族传统丰收节的重要组成部分。分析可知,所填词为句子谓语动词,根据时间状语every year及从句时态可知,句子是在陈述事实,应用一般现在时,主语the basketball event与动词hold之间为被动关系,故应用一般现在时的被动语态,主语the basketball event为单数,be动词应用is。故填is held。
(4)考查过去分词。句意:今年7月30日至8月2日,来自贵州省各地的16支球队参加了贵州美丽乡村篮球联赛。分析可知,此处应用非谓语形式作后置定语,动词name与其逻辑主语the event之间为被动关系,故应用过去分词形式作定语。故填named。
(5)考查现在分词。句意:大多数球员都是农民,只有裁判有专业经验。分析可知,此处为with复合结构,即"with+宾语+宾补",动词have与宾语the referees之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故应用现在分词形式作宾补。故填having。
(6)考查不可数名词。句意:由于比赛的蓬勃发展,许多人不得不站在座位区外,甚至爬上附近的山丘和屋顶观看比赛。根据句意及冠词the可知,此处应用不可数名词booming"蓬勃发展"作介词of的宾语。故填booming。
(7)考查介词。句意:人们一起击打水瓶,为他们最喜欢的球队加油。根据句意表示"为……加油",应用短语cheer on。故填on。
(8)考查可数名词复数。句意:比赛间隙,当地艺术家表演苗族传统舞蹈,组成一支助威队伍。分析可知,break在这里意为"间歇"是可数名词,根据语境可知,此处应用其复数形式表示泛指。故填breaks。
(9)考查时态。句意:经过27场比赛,今年黎平县队以102比85击败凯里市队,夺得冠军。根据上下文可知,此处是在讲述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填won。
(10)考查连词。句意:尽管我们不是职业选手,但我们心中有一个梦想,那就是在更大的舞台上展示自己。根据句意可知,此处应用although或though引导让步状语从句,表示"尽管",句首单词首字母应大写。故填Although/Though。
这是一篇说明文,文章介绍了在中国被广泛关注的村BA篮球赛。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用,做题时要首先明确短文大意,从词语搭配,固定句型,语法,时态等方面综合考虑,结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a history of thousands of years.It can be seen as a summary of the experience and knowledge of Chinese people fighting against diseases over the centuries.【高分句型一】(简要介绍中医)
TCM has been widely used in China.You can find a Chinese medicine shop along the street easily.The popularity of TCM can be understood easily,as the effectiveness of TCM is without doubt.In fighting against COVID-19,TCM has also played an important role.(简要介绍中医)
From my point of view,as a part of our valuable cultural heritage and Eastern medical science,TCM should be carried forward from generation to generation.【高分句型二】(如何看待中医的流行与传承)
【解析】高分句型一:It can be seen as a summary of the experience and knowledge of Chinese people fighting against diseases over the centuries.
翻译:它可以被视为几个世纪以来中国人民抗击疾病的经验和知识的总结。
分析:本句使用了现在分词短语fighting against diseases over the centuries作状语。
高分句型二:From my point of view,as a part of our valuable cultural heritage and Eastern medical science,TCM should be carried forward from generation to generation.
翻译:在我看来,中医药作为我们宝贵的文化遗产和东方医学的一部分,应该代代相传。
分析:本句使用了固定搭配from my point of view译为"在我看来";动词短语carry forward译为"传承"。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态,上下文意思连贯,符合逻辑关系,尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式,同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次,平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
38.【答案】They sat for hours as Miles explained how he had turned over a new leaf after she left.He told her how her words of encouragement and the lucky penny she had given him had changed his life.【高分句型一】Miles had realized that he was not living up to his potential,and he needed to make a change.He had started to focus on his studies,and with determination and hard work,he had graduated with top honors.(Miles解释Mrs.Hall对他的影响)
Mrs.Hall was too excited to know what to say.She felt overwhelmed with pride and joy as she listened to Miles share his success story.As they talked,Miles reached into his pocket and pulled out a small velvet box.He opened it to reveal a beautiful gold bracelet. "I wanted to give you something to show my gratitude for everything you did for me," he said,handing it to Mrs.Hall.Mrs.Hall hugged him tightly,feeling overwhelmed with emotion.She knew that even though she had left the school,she had made a lasting impact on Miles' life. 【高分句型二】(Miles表达对Mrs.Hall的感谢)
【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要介绍了Mrs.Hall的学生Miles是一名调皮的学生,Mrs.Hall给与他帮助。
高分句型一:He told her how her words of encouragement and the lucky penny she had given him had changed his life.
译文:他告诉她,她的鼓励之词和她送给他的幸运便士改变了他的生活。
分析:这句话使用了how引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二:She knew that even though she had left the school,she had made a lasting impact on Miles' life.
译文:她知道,尽管她已经离开了学校,但她对迈尔斯的生活产生了持久的影响。
分析:这句话使用了that引导的宾语从句,even though引导的让步状语从句。
解题方法点拨
(1)品读原文。确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路,通过精读文章,找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜(结尾)"。
(2)仔细审题,明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求,如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示,这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
(3)回扣原文,揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求,再次快速阅读短文,抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示,确定续写段落的内容。
(4)拟写草稿,修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时,注意句子结构的多样性,语言的丰富性,并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用,使上下文连贯。
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