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2023届上海市崇明区高三下学期4月质量调研（二模）英语含答案
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崇明区2022学年第二学期高三第二次模拟考试
英语
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. In a library. B. At an airport. C. In a hotel. D. At a travel agency.
2. A. He will watch the ceremony online. B. He isn’t interested in the ceremony.
C.He has already recovered from the flu. D. He won’t be able to attend the ceremony.
3. A. He works as an artist. B. He sells paint supplies.
C. He owns an oil company. D. He works in an art museum.
4. A.Find out who her audience will be. B. Watch him give his presentation.
C. Practice her presentation in front of him. D. Try not to think about her audience.
5. A. He’ll be late for the party. B. The soccer practice will end later than usual.
C. He’ll miss the soccer practice. D. The soccer practice will take place after the party.
6. A. Katie doesn’t have a new roommate. B. Katie didn’t give reasons for her unhappiness.
C. The woman doesn’t believe in the man. D. The man doesn’t think Katie is really unhappy.
7. A. Their career plans. B. Their dream universities.
C. Their favourite teachers. D. Their attitudes to different jobs.
8. A. He arrived at the theater late. B. The production isn’t to his taste.
C. He left his watch in the theater. D. The production isn’t long enough.
9. A. The thesis proposal is unacceptable. B. He has returned the thesis proposal already.
C. He hasn’t read the thesis proposal yet. D. The woman didn’t submit the thesis proposal.
10. A.Which lecture the man wants to attend. B. Whether the man keeps money in the bank.
C. Where the man learned about the lecture. D. Whether the man has brought that newspaper.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Working from home has its benefits. B. Workplace friendships are easy to develop.
C. Young people favour remote employment. D. Working remotely limits workplace friendships.
12. A. Financial support. B. Emotional comfort.
C. Frontline services. D. Educational resources.
13. A. Workplace friendships help to avoid disagreements at work.
B. Workplace friendships motivate employees to work longer hours.
C. Workplace friendships contribute to efficiency and security at work.
D. Workplace friendships encourage employers to interact with customers.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Inequality still exist globally. B. Pollution is severe in wealthy countries.
C. The rich pollute the world more. D. Governments are responsible for pollution.
15 A. 52%. B. 8.5%. C. 10%. D. 15%.
16. A. By expecting a positive return from companies.
B. By greenlighting companies’ business practices.
C By facilitating more investment in the stock market.
D. By forcing companies to stop using traditional fuels.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. The man’s dream career. B. The woman’s request for a salary increase.
C. The man’s working experience. D. The woman’s contribution to her company.
18. A. He’ll probably get a promotion. B. He thinks it too exhausting.
C. He’ll work for his vice president. D. He considers it demanding.
19. A. She isn’t productive enough. B. Her promotion is already on the way.
C. She doesn’t have the courage. D. Her salary is quite fair for her position.
20. A. Regard the company as a charity. B. Stop her plan to buy a new car.
C. Stress her family’s need for money. D. Display her value to the company.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Tea Art
It’s common to see people in coffee bars create coffee art, but it’s a whole different ballgame doing the same thing with tea. Han Zheming has managed to perfect the skill, creating tea art in cups, or dian cha in Chinese, ___1___ used to be a ritual during the Song Dynasty.
Over the past six years, the 40-year-old Shanghai resident ___2___ (use) tea and spoons to create nearly 200 patterns based on ancient paintings. “It’s like ___3___ (add) bells and whistles to tea, giving people a stronger sense of occasion, so drinking tea is more fun,” Han says. It’s also his intention to bring the old ritual back to modern life and have more people ___4___ (appreciate) its charm. Dian cha enhances the taste of tea, Han says. “It is similar to the foam (泡沫) on top of a cup of coffee, except ___5___ it is made of tea rather than milk.”
Chinese tea culture started to enjoy popularity during the Tang Dynasty and boomed throughout the Song Dynasty, ___6___ tea became a necessity for almost everyone, from nobles and scholars to common people, just like other essential items, such as rice, oil and salt, as suggested by Song politician and thinker Wang Anshi.
Different from the method of making tea during the Tang period, in the Song Dynasty, the popular way of having tea was through dian cha. The process begins with hot water being poured over fine ___7___ (powder) tea creating a mixture. Then more hot water is added slowly ___8___ the tea is constantly beaten by hand with a bamboo stick. It is believed that this method later spread to other parts of East Asia, including Japan, where similarities ___9___ be seen in the way matcha (抹茶) is prepared today.
This action of pouring hot water is called dian; hence the name dian cha ___10___ (list) as an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) of Runzhou district, Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province, in 2019.
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. applications
B. connections
C. emotions
D. identify
E. intervene
F. notifications
G. sacred
H. shared
I. specialize
J. stressed
K. technological
Animal Communication
Many pet owners long to talk with their animals. After all, if pets were able to talk, people could take care of them more easily and have closer emotional ___11___ to them, so a number of companies are working on devices and apps that could translate what animals say.
One such app is called MeowTalk. Using voice recognition software, this app recognizes different sounds a cat makes and offers English translations of them. For example, one type of sound might mean “feed me” while another could be translated “let me outside.” The app can use machine learning to assess its translations and improve at recognizing one particular cat’s voice. In other words, it can ___12___ in understanding your cat in particular. This is important because cats do not all have a(n) ___13___ language, but individual cats frequently use particular sounds to mean certain things.
In the future, MeowTalk could connect to a smart collar that would hear the cat meow and play the translation out loud. Perhaps if the cat is outside and needs to be let in, it could even send ___14___ to the owner’s phone.
For dogs, a Japanese company called Inupathy has developed a harness (保护带) with a heart rate monitor and an app. The heart rate monitor is used to assess a dog’s ___15___. This is possible because, like humans, dogs’ heart rates go up when they are excited or ___16___. The harness also has a light that turns red when the dog is excited, but when the dog is relaxed, the light is blue.
The most obvious use of this technology is to help pet owners ___17___ with and provide for their pets better. The more owners know about their pets, the easier it is to meet their needs.
There are other ___18___ of technology that help us understand animals. For example, some sheep farmers are using artificial intelligence to scan and determine if they are in pain, which helps them find out sick animals. As a result, they can ___19___ more quickly to treat the animal.
Anyone who interacts regularly with animals could benefit from understanding their animals better. Thus these ___20___ developments might transform the way we interact with the creatures around us.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
It’s long been known that sugary drinks help people pack on unwanted kilograms. But new research suggests that ___21___ drinks and even 100% fruit juice might raise your risk for some cancers. The study couldn’t prove cause and effect, but it found that drinking as little as 90-120ml of sugary drinks each day was ___22___ to an 18% rise in overall risk for cancer.
The new study was led by Mathilde Touvier, research director at the University of Paris. Her team collected data on more than 100,000 French men and women, average age 42, who took part in a national ___23___.
The participants answered questions about how much of 3,300 different foods and drinks they consumed each day, and were ___24___ for up to nine years.
The study uncovered links between the consumption of sugary drinks and the risk of cancer___25___, and for breast cancer specifically. The investigators found no association between sugary drinks and prostate or colon cancers (前列腺或结肠癌), but the authors stressed that too few people in the study developed these cancers to make this finding ___26___. The research ___27___ no links between diet sodas (无糖汽水) and cancer, although more study is needed to confirm that, the authors noted.
The connection between sugary drinks and cancer remained the same even after the team ___28___for age, sex, educational level, family history of cancer, smoking and physical activity, the researchers said.
So, why the ___29___? According to Touvier’s team, high-calorie drinks may raise cancer risk because sugar helps build body fat, in addition to raising blood sugar levels and inflammation (发炎) — all of which are risk ___30___ for cancer. It’s also possible that chemicals found in these drinks might play a part in ___31___ cancer risk, the researchers theorized.
A group representing the drinks industry said sugary drinks can still be a part of the ___32___ diet, however. In a statement, the American Beverage Association said: “It’s important for people to know that all drinks — either with sugar or without — are ___33___ to consume as part of a balanced diet. America’s leading drinks companies are working together to support consumers’ efforts to ___34___ the sugar they consume from our drinks by providing more choices with less sugar or zero sugar, smaller package sizes and clear calorie information right up front.”
Samantha Heller is a senior clinical nutritionist at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City. She said she wasn’t ___35___ by the findings. She noted that, for decades, these drinks have been linked with diseases such as heart disease. On the other hand, “most of us should be drinking more water than we do,” Heller said.
21. A. iced B. mineral C. bottled D. sweetened
22. A. tied B. devoted C. reduced D. limited
23 A. game B. study C. ceremony D. examination
24. A. checked B. caged C. occupied D. followed
25. A. in general B. without exception C. on the contrary D. by accident
26. A. unreliable B. unexpected C. authoritative D. original
27. A. uncovered B. anticipated C. established D. hid
28. A. hunted B. adjusted C. prepared D. mounted
29. A. research B. similarity C. connection D. impact
30. A. behaviors B. assessments C. perceptions D. factors
31 A. explaining B. increasing C. preventing D. predicting
32. A. local B. nutritional C. average D. conventional
33. A. safe B. impossible C. exceptional D. effective
34. A. neutralize B. digest C. remove D. reduce
35. A. annoyed B. surprised C. embarrassed D. delighted
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
I was putting on my boots just now in what the novelists call “a brown study.” There was no urgent reason for putting on my boots. I was not going out, and my slippers were much more comfortable. But something had to be done. I wanted a subject for an article. Now if you are accustomed to writing articles for a living, you will know that sometimes the difficulty is not writing the article, but choosing a subject. It is not poverty you suffer from, but an embarrassment of riches.
But what has this to do with putting on my boots? It is a reasonable question and I will tell you. For an hour I had paced my room in my slippers in search of a subject. I had looked out of the window over the sunlit valley, and watched the smoke of a distant train disappearing towards the west. I had sharpened every pencil I had on me with great care. But the more I sharpened my pencils, the more anxious I grew about the theme for an article.
It was at this moment that I remembered my boots. The act of bending my body changed the current of the blood. You saw things in a new light. So I fetched my boots and sat down to put them on.
The thing worked like a charm. For in my preoccupied condition I picked up my right boot first. Then mechanically I put it down and seized the left boot. And then the fact flashed on me that all my life I had been putting on my left boot first. If you had asked me five minutes before which boot I put on first, I should have said that there was no first about it; yet now I found I was in a habit so fixed that the attempt to put on my right boot first affected me. The thing couldn’t be done. And then came into my mind that fascinating book of Samuel Butler’s on Life and Habit. Yes, certainly, here was a subject that would “go.” I took out a pencil, seized some writing paper, and sat down to write on “The Force of Habit.”
36. By “It is not poverty you suffer from, but an embarrassment of riches.” in paragraph 1, the author means _____.
A. some subjects are too complicated or embarrassing to write on
B. poverty is no longer a problem nowadays, but embarrassment is
C. poor people don’t encounter as many embarrassments as the rich
D. there’re so many subjects that it’s hard to decide which to choose
37. Why did the author sharpen his pencils with great care?
A. To help himself promote thinking. B. To draw what he saw out of the window.
C. To write his article more smoothly. D. To relieve himself of anxiety about writing.
38. Putting on the boots helped the author _____.
A. get rid of his fixed habit B. lower his blood pressure
C. see things from a new angle D. free his preoccupied mind
39. The passage is mainly about the author’s _____.
A. personal attitude towards habits B. daily routines as a professional writer
C. writing process of a special article D. decision making on the theme for an article
(B)
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40. The website welldoing.org mainly aims to _____.
A. guide people to find suitable experts to improve welfare
B. help people find out their own personalised requirements
C. offer people good approaches to dealing with family issues
D. provide information on how to enhance health and wellbeing
41. The website provides _____ options for people to choose from to get what they need.
A. one B. two C. three D. four
42. What can be learned about the personalised matching service?
A. You need to pay 66 pounds to the tailored therapist for the service.
B. You can claim a refund if you fail to find a satisfying match after 5 attempts.
C. The matches are arranged by certificated professionals to your special needs.
D. The result of your assessment will be kept secret from the matched therapist.
(C)
Gentle sound stimulation, also known as pink noise, may significantly enhance deep sleep in older adults and improve their ability to recall words, a new study has found.
Deep sleep is critical for memory consolidation. However, beginning in middle age, deep sleep decreases substantially, which scientists believe contributes to memory loss in aging. The sound stimulation significantly enhanced deep sleep in participants and their scores on a memory test. “This is an innovative, simple and safe non-medication approach that may help improve brain health,” said Phyllis Zee, professor at Northwestern University in the US. “This is a potential tool for enhancing memory in older populations and attenuating normal age-related memory decline,” said Zee.
Zee and a team of researchers gathered 13 adults, 60 and older, and monitored their sleep in a lab for two nights. On both nights, the participants took a memory test, went to bed while wearing headphones and a special cap, and took another memory test in the morning. But without the participants’ awareness, researchers only played pink noise into the headphones on one night. More specifically, they timed the sounds to match the participants’ slow-wave oscillations. During deep sleep, brain waves slow to about one oscillation per second, compared to about ten oscillations per second during wakefulness. The system they employed in the study allowed the team to deliver a low burst of pink noise at the “precise moment” when the participants’ slow waves rose — a pattern that is unique to each person.
The study found that participants’ slow waves increased after the night of sound stimulation, suggesting that they were getting more deep sleep. And on the morning after hearing pink noise, they performed three times better on memory tests than they did after sleeping without any sound stimulation.
Previous research showed pink noise during deep sleep could improve memory consolidation in young people. But it has not been tested in older adults. The new study targeted older individuals and used a novel sound system that increased the effectiveness of the sound stimulation in older populations.
The study was a relatively small one, so further research is needed to confirm its findings and to study how longer-term use of pink noise affects sleep. But Northwestern has taken steps to patent the researchers’ technology, which seems to have hit upon a way to stimulate slow waves at the right moment. The team hopes to develop an affordable device that people can use at home, from the comfort of their beds.
43. The new study mainly reveals that _____.
A. deep sleep consolidates old adults’ memory
B. pink noise boosts memory among the elderly
C. sleep disorders play a key role in memory loss
D. sound stimulation increases the length of sleep
44. The word “attenuating” in the second paragraph most probably means _____.
A. worsening B. reversing C. slowing down D. bringing about
45. What can be learned about the new study?
A. It employed a sound system programmed in step with brain waves.
B. It compared the effects on older adults and on younger populations.
C. It repeated the experiment several times without the participants’ notice.
D. It adjusted the participants’ slow-wave oscillations to match the stimulations.
46. It can be inferred that the approach used in the study _____.
A. may put old adults in risk in the long run
B. has the potential to be applied in practice
C. requires an innovative and affordable device
D. needs Northwestern’s patent for confirmation
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Trash-Eating Robots
It has become common knowledge that our oceans are filled with garbage. Broken objects, used plastic bottles and so on fill our beaches and cover the ocean floor, doing immense damage to ocean creatures. Many individuals and organizations are working to remove this garbage and recent technological developments have given them a new tool to do so: trash-eating robots.
Robots of various shapes have been designed to collect garbage that they find floating in the ocean. For example, the French company IADYS has developed what it calls the jellyfishbot. _____47_____ The jellyfishbot is remotely controlled and can clean up to 1,000 square meters per hour. It contains a net that can hold up to 30 liters. The jellyfishbots’ small size and ability to be easily controlled make them ideal for cleaning up crowded areas such as ports.
_____48_____ Designed for use on rivers, the Interceptor looks like a boat with a conveyor belt that picks up trash. A shallow barrier attached to the Interceptor guides floating trash to the conveyor belt, but fish can swim under it safely. Once a sensor indicates that the dustbins are full, the Interceptor automatically sends a text message to onshore operators. These operators collect and empty the dustbins, sending the garbage to local waste management facilities.
Most of the garbage in the oceans comes down rivers. _____49_____ Hence the Interceptor is used to stop pollution before it enters the ocean.
The Interceptor is completely solar-powered and operates on its own, which minimizes the need for human involvement. Robots are able to clean up large amounts of garbage without humans struggling with beach cleanup by hand. _____50_____
A. It isn’t just about removing the garbage from the ocean’s surface.
B. Hopefully, they can be a big part of the solution to ocean pollution.
C. This small robot gathers up everything it encounters, including gasoline and oil.
D. For larger, more open areas, a much larger robot called the Interceptor has a similar function.
E. If all goes well, they’re hoping to expand the number of robots and take the technology to other waterways in need of cleanup.
F. Cleaning up trash that litters the ocean is good, but to keep the oceans clean, new garbage must be stopped from getting there.
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Dunning-Kruger Effect
In 1999, social psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger did a series of studies evaluating people’s competence in certain areas. The people in the studies were also asked to evaluate their own abilities in each area. Dunning and Kruger found that people who scored very low on the test tended to overestimate their abilities. Later research has indicated that a similar principle applies to other areas as well. This principle has become known as the Dunning-Kruger effect after the researchers who discovered it. The Dunning-Kruger effect occurs because only when people have skills in a given area are they equipped to evaluate their own skills. For example, in some situations it takes a scientist to recognize bad science.
The opposite of the Dunning-Kruger effect also happens: capable people have a more accurate view of their own abilities, and sometimes they even underestimate themselves. An extreme case of this would be impostor syndrome, which is when a skilled person feels as if they are faking their skills despite knowing what they are doing.
It’s tempting to think of the Dunning-Kruger effect as a problem that other people have. People may even laugh at those who think themselves more competent than they are. But everyone has areas where they lack competence — and the Dunning-Kruger effect means they may be especially bad at identifying those areas. Even if someone is very intelligent in general, there are still things they don’t know much about. Expertise (专业知识) in one area cannot always be transferred to other areas.
That’s why it’s important to keep digging for information even when you think you’ve found answers. It can also be helpful to check your ideas with other people. Receiving negative feedback can hurt, but if you’re willing to listen, it can help you grow. Even just keeping in mind that the Dunning-Kruger effect exists can help you stay humble, accept criticism and, thus, keep learning throughout your life.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 我忽然想起把同桌的围巾忘家里了。(It)(汉译英)
53. 当你遇到一连串棘手问题时，要沉住气，并好好想想如何解决。(encounter) (汉译英)
54. 看着这些老物件，这个接连失去亲人的老人感觉往事历历在目，不禁潸然泪下。(can’t help) (汉译英)
55. 在全体居民的共同努力下，这个城市的市容正在好转，说明这些措施卓有成效。(witness) (汉译英)
VI. Guided Writing
56 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生徐晶，你校的英文报向即将毕业的高三学生征文，给高中三年来最值得你感谢的一个人或一件事表达感谢。你有意投稿，内容包括：
Ø描述这个人或这件事；
Ø表达感谢，说明感谢的理由。
注：文中不得提及真实姓名或学校。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
崇明区2022学年第二学期高三第二次模拟考试
英语
【答案】1. which
2. has used
3. adding 4. appreciate
5. that 6. when
7. powdered
8. as##when##while
9. can 10. was listed
【答案】11. B 12. I
13. H 14. F
15. C 16. J
17. D 18. A
19. E 20. K
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. C 39. D
【答案】40. A 41. C 42. B
【答案】43. B 44. C 45. A 46. B
【答案】47. C 48. D 49. F 50. B
IV. Summary Writing
51.
【答案】The Dunning-Kruger effect refers to a principle where people who don’t know much in certain areas tend to overestimate themselves. The opposite situation can also happen where capable people underestimate themselves. However, many people may not realize where they lack competence, so it’s advisable to admit the existence of the Dunning-Kruger effect and keep humble and learning.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 我忽然想起把同桌的围巾忘家里了。(It)(汉译英)
【答案】It suddenly occurred to me that I left my desk mate’s scarf at home.
53. 当你遇到一连串棘手问题时，要沉住气，并好好想想如何解决。(encounter) (汉译英)
【答案】When you encounter a series of difficult problems, take it easy and think carefully about how to solve them.
54. 看着这些老物件，这个接连失去亲人的老人感觉往事历历在目，不禁潸然泪下。(can’t help) (汉译英)
【答案】Looking at the old objects, the old man who had lost relatives one after another felt the old memories came back and couldn’t help weeping.
55. 在全体居民的共同努力下，这个城市的市容正在好转，说明这些措施卓有成效。(witness) (汉译英)
【答案】With the joint efforts of all the residents, the appearance of this city is witnessing positive changes, which indicates that these measures are very effective.
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生徐晶，你校的英文报向即将毕业的高三学生征文，给高中三年来最值得你感谢的一个人或一件事表达感谢。你有意投稿，内容包括：
Ø描述这个人或这件事；
Ø表达感谢，说明感谢的理由。
注：文中不得提及真实姓名或学校。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Ms. Zhang,
I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude to you. You are the very person who gave me a hand when necessary.
One month ago, with the College Entrance Examination around the corner, I was nervous and in low spirits, being afraid of letting my parents down. When I was at a loss, as my headteacher, you asked me to go to your office. Instead of blaming me, you comforted me and discussed with me the reasons for my failing in the exam. More unforgettably, you managed to help me with my study and inspired me from time to time.
Ms. Zhang, I’m more than grateful for what you have done for me. Wish you happiness and good health.
Yours,
Xu Jing
崇明区2022学年第二学期高三第二次模拟考试
英语
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. In a library. B. At an airport. C. In a hotel. D. At a travel agency.
2. A. He will watch the ceremony online. B. He isn’t interested in the ceremony.
C.He has already recovered from the flu. D. He won’t be able to attend the ceremony.
3. A. He works as an artist. B. He sells paint supplies.
C. He owns an oil company. D. He works in an art museum.
4. A.Find out who her audience will be. B. Watch him give his presentation.
C. Practice her presentation in front of him. D. Try not to think about her audience.
5. A. He’ll be late for the party. B. The soccer practice will end later than usual.
C. He’ll miss the soccer practice. D. The soccer practice will take place after the party.
6. A. Katie doesn’t have a new roommate. B. Katie didn’t give reasons for her unhappiness.
C. The woman doesn’t believe in the man. D. The man doesn’t think Katie is really unhappy.
7. A. Their career plans. B. Their dream universities.
C. Their favourite teachers. D. Their attitudes to different jobs.
8. A. He arrived at the theater late. B. The production isn’t to his taste.
C. He left his watch in the theater. D. The production isn’t long enough.
9. A. The thesis proposal is unacceptable. B. He has returned the thesis proposal already.
C. He hasn’t read the thesis proposal yet. D. The woman didn’t submit the thesis proposal.
10. A.Which lecture the man wants to attend. B. Whether the man keeps money in the bank.
C. Where the man learned about the lecture. D. Whether the man has brought that newspaper.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Working from home has its benefits. B. Workplace friendships are easy to develop.
C. Young people favour remote employment. D. Working remotely limits workplace friendships.
12. A. Financial support. B. Emotional comfort.
C. Frontline services. D. Educational resources.
13. A. Workplace friendships help to avoid disagreements at work.
B. Workplace friendships motivate employees to work longer hours.
C. Workplace friendships contribute to efficiency and security at work.
D. Workplace friendships encourage employers to interact with customers.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Inequality still exist globally. B. Pollution is severe in wealthy countries.
C. The rich pollute the world more. D. Governments are responsible for pollution.
15 A. 52%. B. 8.5%. C. 10%. D. 15%.
16. A. By expecting a positive return from companies.
B. By greenlighting companies’ business practices.
C By facilitating more investment in the stock market.
D. By forcing companies to stop using traditional fuels.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. The man’s dream career. B. The woman’s request for a salary increase.
C. The man’s working experience. D. The woman’s contribution to her company.
18. A. He’ll probably get a promotion. B. He thinks it too exhausting.
C. He’ll work for his vice president. D. He considers it demanding.
19. A. She isn’t productive enough. B. Her promotion is already on the way.
C. She doesn’t have the courage. D. Her salary is quite fair for her position.
20. A. Regard the company as a charity. B. Stop her plan to buy a new car.
C. Stress her family’s need for money. D. Display her value to the company.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Tea Art
It’s common to see people in coffee bars create coffee art, but it’s a whole different ballgame doing the same thing with tea. Han Zheming has managed to perfect the skill, creating tea art in cups, or dian cha in Chinese, ___1___ used to be a ritual during the Song Dynasty.
Over the past six years, the 40-year-old Shanghai resident ___2___ (use) tea and spoons to create nearly 200 patterns based on ancient paintings. “It’s like ___3___ (add) bells and whistles to tea, giving people a stronger sense of occasion, so drinking tea is more fun,” Han says. It’s also his intention to bring the old ritual back to modern life and have more people ___4___ (appreciate) its charm. Dian cha enhances the taste of tea, Han says. “It is similar to the foam (泡沫) on top of a cup of coffee, except ___5___ it is made of tea rather than milk.”
Chinese tea culture started to enjoy popularity during the Tang Dynasty and boomed throughout the Song Dynasty, ___6___ tea became a necessity for almost everyone, from nobles and scholars to common people, just like other essential items, such as rice, oil and salt, as suggested by Song politician and thinker Wang Anshi.
Different from the method of making tea during the Tang period, in the Song Dynasty, the popular way of having tea was through dian cha. The process begins with hot water being poured over fine ___7___ (powder) tea creating a mixture. Then more hot water is added slowly ___8___ the tea is constantly beaten by hand with a bamboo stick. It is believed that this method later spread to other parts of East Asia, including Japan, where similarities ___9___ be seen in the way matcha (抹茶) is prepared today.
This action of pouring hot water is called dian; hence the name dian cha ___10___ (list) as an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) of Runzhou district, Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province, in 2019.
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. applications
B. connections
C. emotions
D. identify
E. intervene
F. notifications
G. sacred
H. shared
I. specialize
J. stressed
K. technological
Animal Communication
Many pet owners long to talk with their animals. After all, if pets were able to talk, people could take care of them more easily and have closer emotional ___11___ to them, so a number of companies are working on devices and apps that could translate what animals say.
One such app is called MeowTalk. Using voice recognition software, this app recognizes different sounds a cat makes and offers English translations of them. For example, one type of sound might mean “feed me” while another could be translated “let me outside.” The app can use machine learning to assess its translations and improve at recognizing one particular cat’s voice. In other words, it can ___12___ in understanding your cat in particular. This is important because cats do not all have a(n) ___13___ language, but individual cats frequently use particular sounds to mean certain things.
In the future, MeowTalk could connect to a smart collar that would hear the cat meow and play the translation out loud. Perhaps if the cat is outside and needs to be let in, it could even send ___14___ to the owner’s phone.
For dogs, a Japanese company called Inupathy has developed a harness (保护带) with a heart rate monitor and an app. The heart rate monitor is used to assess a dog’s ___15___. This is possible because, like humans, dogs’ heart rates go up when they are excited or ___16___. The harness also has a light that turns red when the dog is excited, but when the dog is relaxed, the light is blue.
The most obvious use of this technology is to help pet owners ___17___ with and provide for their pets better. The more owners know about their pets, the easier it is to meet their needs.
There are other ___18___ of technology that help us understand animals. For example, some sheep farmers are using artificial intelligence to scan and determine if they are in pain, which helps them find out sick animals. As a result, they can ___19___ more quickly to treat the animal.
Anyone who interacts regularly with animals could benefit from understanding their animals better. Thus these ___20___ developments might transform the way we interact with the creatures around us.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
It’s long been known that sugary drinks help people pack on unwanted kilograms. But new research suggests that ___21___ drinks and even 100% fruit juice might raise your risk for some cancers. The study couldn’t prove cause and effect, but it found that drinking as little as 90-120ml of sugary drinks each day was ___22___ to an 18% rise in overall risk for cancer.
The new study was led by Mathilde Touvier, research director at the University of Paris. Her team collected data on more than 100,000 French men and women, average age 42, who took part in a national ___23___.
The participants answered questions about how much of 3,300 different foods and drinks they consumed each day, and were ___24___ for up to nine years.
The study uncovered links between the consumption of sugary drinks and the risk of cancer___25___, and for breast cancer specifically. The investigators found no association between sugary drinks and prostate or colon cancers (前列腺或结肠癌), but the authors stressed that too few people in the study developed these cancers to make this finding ___26___. The research ___27___ no links between diet sodas (无糖汽水) and cancer, although more study is needed to confirm that, the authors noted.
The connection between sugary drinks and cancer remained the same even after the team ___28___for age, sex, educational level, family history of cancer, smoking and physical activity, the researchers said.
So, why the ___29___? According to Touvier’s team, high-calorie drinks may raise cancer risk because sugar helps build body fat, in addition to raising blood sugar levels and inflammation (发炎) — all of which are risk ___30___ for cancer. It’s also possible that chemicals found in these drinks might play a part in ___31___ cancer risk, the researchers theorized.
A group representing the drinks industry said sugary drinks can still be a part of the ___32___ diet, however. In a statement, the American Beverage Association said: “It’s important for people to know that all drinks — either with sugar or without — are ___33___ to consume as part of a balanced diet. America’s leading drinks companies are working together to support consumers’ efforts to ___34___ the sugar they consume from our drinks by providing more choices with less sugar or zero sugar, smaller package sizes and clear calorie information right up front.”
Samantha Heller is a senior clinical nutritionist at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City. She said she wasn’t ___35___ by the findings. She noted that, for decades, these drinks have been linked with diseases such as heart disease. On the other hand, “most of us should be drinking more water than we do,” Heller said.
21. A. iced B. mineral C. bottled D. sweetened
22. A. tied B. devoted C. reduced D. limited
23 A. game B. study C. ceremony D. examination
24. A. checked B. caged C. occupied D. followed
25. A. in general B. without exception C. on the contrary D. by accident
26. A. unreliable B. unexpected C. authoritative D. original
27. A. uncovered B. anticipated C. established D. hid
28. A. hunted B. adjusted C. prepared D. mounted
29. A. research B. similarity C. connection D. impact
30. A. behaviors B. assessments C. perceptions D. factors
31 A. explaining B. increasing C. preventing D. predicting
32. A. local B. nutritional C. average D. conventional
33. A. safe B. impossible C. exceptional D. effective
34. A. neutralize B. digest C. remove D. reduce
35. A. annoyed B. surprised C. embarrassed D. delighted
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
I was putting on my boots just now in what the novelists call “a brown study.” There was no urgent reason for putting on my boots. I was not going out, and my slippers were much more comfortable. But something had to be done. I wanted a subject for an article. Now if you are accustomed to writing articles for a living, you will know that sometimes the difficulty is not writing the article, but choosing a subject. It is not poverty you suffer from, but an embarrassment of riches.
But what has this to do with putting on my boots? It is a reasonable question and I will tell you. For an hour I had paced my room in my slippers in search of a subject. I had looked out of the window over the sunlit valley, and watched the smoke of a distant train disappearing towards the west. I had sharpened every pencil I had on me with great care. But the more I sharpened my pencils, the more anxious I grew about the theme for an article.
It was at this moment that I remembered my boots. The act of bending my body changed the current of the blood. You saw things in a new light. So I fetched my boots and sat down to put them on.
The thing worked like a charm. For in my preoccupied condition I picked up my right boot first. Then mechanically I put it down and seized the left boot. And then the fact flashed on me that all my life I had been putting on my left boot first. If you had asked me five minutes before which boot I put on first, I should have said that there was no first about it; yet now I found I was in a habit so fixed that the attempt to put on my right boot first affected me. The thing couldn’t be done. And then came into my mind that fascinating book of Samuel Butler’s on Life and Habit. Yes, certainly, here was a subject that would “go.” I took out a pencil, seized some writing paper, and sat down to write on “The Force of Habit.”
36. By “It is not poverty you suffer from, but an embarrassment of riches.” in paragraph 1, the author means _____.
A. some subjects are too complicated or embarrassing to write on
B. poverty is no longer a problem nowadays, but embarrassment is
C. poor people don’t encounter as many embarrassments as the rich
D. there’re so many subjects that it’s hard to decide which to choose
37. Why did the author sharpen his pencils with great care?
A. To help himself promote thinking. B. To draw what he saw out of the window.
C. To write his article more smoothly. D. To relieve himself of anxiety about writing.
38. Putting on the boots helped the author _____.
A. get rid of his fixed habit B. lower his blood pressure
C. see things from a new angle D. free his preoccupied mind
39. The passage is mainly about the author’s _____.
A. personal attitude towards habits B. daily routines as a professional writer
C. writing process of a special article D. decision making on the theme for an article
(B)
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40. The website welldoing.org mainly aims to _____.
A. guide people to find suitable experts to improve welfare
B. help people find out their own personalised requirements
C. offer people good approaches to dealing with family issues
D. provide information on how to enhance health and wellbeing
41. The website provides _____ options for people to choose from to get what they need.
A. one B. two C. three D. four
42. What can be learned about the personalised matching service?
A. You need to pay 66 pounds to the tailored therapist for the service.
B. You can claim a refund if you fail to find a satisfying match after 5 attempts.
C. The matches are arranged by certificated professionals to your special needs.
D. The result of your assessment will be kept secret from the matched therapist.
(C)
Gentle sound stimulation, also known as pink noise, may significantly enhance deep sleep in older adults and improve their ability to recall words, a new study has found.
Deep sleep is critical for memory consolidation. However, beginning in middle age, deep sleep decreases substantially, which scientists believe contributes to memory loss in aging. The sound stimulation significantly enhanced deep sleep in participants and their scores on a memory test. “This is an innovative, simple and safe non-medication approach that may help improve brain health,” said Phyllis Zee, professor at Northwestern University in the US. “This is a potential tool for enhancing memory in older populations and attenuating normal age-related memory decline,” said Zee.
Zee and a team of researchers gathered 13 adults, 60 and older, and monitored their sleep in a lab for two nights. On both nights, the participants took a memory test, went to bed while wearing headphones and a special cap, and took another memory test in the morning. But without the participants’ awareness, researchers only played pink noise into the headphones on one night. More specifically, they timed the sounds to match the participants’ slow-wave oscillations. During deep sleep, brain waves slow to about one oscillation per second, compared to about ten oscillations per second during wakefulness. The system they employed in the study allowed the team to deliver a low burst of pink noise at the “precise moment” when the participants’ slow waves rose — a pattern that is unique to each person.
The study found that participants’ slow waves increased after the night of sound stimulation, suggesting that they were getting more deep sleep. And on the morning after hearing pink noise, they performed three times better on memory tests than they did after sleeping without any sound stimulation.
Previous research showed pink noise during deep sleep could improve memory consolidation in young people. But it has not been tested in older adults. The new study targeted older individuals and used a novel sound system that increased the effectiveness of the sound stimulation in older populations.
The study was a relatively small one, so further research is needed to confirm its findings and to study how longer-term use of pink noise affects sleep. But Northwestern has taken steps to patent the researchers’ technology, which seems to have hit upon a way to stimulate slow waves at the right moment. The team hopes to develop an affordable device that people can use at home, from the comfort of their beds.
43. The new study mainly reveals that _____.
A. deep sleep consolidates old adults’ memory
B. pink noise boosts memory among the elderly
C. sleep disorders play a key role in memory loss
D. sound stimulation increases the length of sleep
44. The word “attenuating” in the second paragraph most probably means _____.
A. worsening B. reversing C. slowing down D. bringing about
45. What can be learned about the new study?
A. It employed a sound system programmed in step with brain waves.
B. It compared the effects on older adults and on younger populations.
C. It repeated the experiment several times without the participants’ notice.
D. It adjusted the participants’ slow-wave oscillations to match the stimulations.
46. It can be inferred that the approach used in the study _____.
A. may put old adults in risk in the long run
B. has the potential to be applied in practice
C. requires an innovative and affordable device
D. needs Northwestern’s patent for confirmation
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Trash-Eating Robots
It has become common knowledge that our oceans are filled with garbage. Broken objects, used plastic bottles and so on fill our beaches and cover the ocean floor, doing immense damage to ocean creatures. Many individuals and organizations are working to remove this garbage and recent technological developments have given them a new tool to do so: trash-eating robots.
Robots of various shapes have been designed to collect garbage that they find floating in the ocean. For example, the French company IADYS has developed what it calls the jellyfishbot. _____47_____ The jellyfishbot is remotely controlled and can clean up to 1,000 square meters per hour. It contains a net that can hold up to 30 liters. The jellyfishbots’ small size and ability to be easily controlled make them ideal for cleaning up crowded areas such as ports.
_____48_____ Designed for use on rivers, the Interceptor looks like a boat with a conveyor belt that picks up trash. A shallow barrier attached to the Interceptor guides floating trash to the conveyor belt, but fish can swim under it safely. Once a sensor indicates that the dustbins are full, the Interceptor automatically sends a text message to onshore operators. These operators collect and empty the dustbins, sending the garbage to local waste management facilities.
Most of the garbage in the oceans comes down rivers. _____49_____ Hence the Interceptor is used to stop pollution before it enters the ocean.
The Interceptor is completely solar-powered and operates on its own, which minimizes the need for human involvement. Robots are able to clean up large amounts of garbage without humans struggling with beach cleanup by hand. _____50_____
A. It isn’t just about removing the garbage from the ocean’s surface.
B. Hopefully, they can be a big part of the solution to ocean pollution.
C. This small robot gathers up everything it encounters, including gasoline and oil.
D. For larger, more open areas, a much larger robot called the Interceptor has a similar function.
E. If all goes well, they’re hoping to expand the number of robots and take the technology to other waterways in need of cleanup.
F. Cleaning up trash that litters the ocean is good, but to keep the oceans clean, new garbage must be stopped from getting there.
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Dunning-Kruger Effect
In 1999, social psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger did a series of studies evaluating people’s competence in certain areas. The people in the studies were also asked to evaluate their own abilities in each area. Dunning and Kruger found that people who scored very low on the test tended to overestimate their abilities. Later research has indicated that a similar principle applies to other areas as well. This principle has become known as the Dunning-Kruger effect after the researchers who discovered it. The Dunning-Kruger effect occurs because only when people have skills in a given area are they equipped to evaluate their own skills. For example, in some situations it takes a scientist to recognize bad science.
The opposite of the Dunning-Kruger effect also happens: capable people have a more accurate view of their own abilities, and sometimes they even underestimate themselves. An extreme case of this would be impostor syndrome, which is when a skilled person feels as if they are faking their skills despite knowing what they are doing.
It’s tempting to think of the Dunning-Kruger effect as a problem that other people have. People may even laugh at those who think themselves more competent than they are. But everyone has areas where they lack competence — and the Dunning-Kruger effect means they may be especially bad at identifying those areas. Even if someone is very intelligent in general, there are still things they don’t know much about. Expertise (专业知识) in one area cannot always be transferred to other areas.
That’s why it’s important to keep digging for information even when you think you’ve found answers. It can also be helpful to check your ideas with other people. Receiving negative feedback can hurt, but if you’re willing to listen, it can help you grow. Even just keeping in mind that the Dunning-Kruger effect exists can help you stay humble, accept criticism and, thus, keep learning throughout your life.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 我忽然想起把同桌的围巾忘家里了。(It)(汉译英)
53. 当你遇到一连串棘手问题时，要沉住气，并好好想想如何解决。(encounter) (汉译英)
54. 看着这些老物件，这个接连失去亲人的老人感觉往事历历在目，不禁潸然泪下。(can’t help) (汉译英)
55. 在全体居民的共同努力下，这个城市的市容正在好转，说明这些措施卓有成效。(witness) (汉译英)
VI. Guided Writing
56 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生徐晶，你校的英文报向即将毕业的高三学生征文，给高中三年来最值得你感谢的一个人或一件事表达感谢。你有意投稿，内容包括：
Ø描述这个人或这件事；
Ø表达感谢，说明感谢的理由。
注：文中不得提及真实姓名或学校。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
崇明区2022学年第二学期高三第二次模拟考试
英语
【答案】1. which
2. has used
3. adding 4. appreciate
5. that 6. when
7. powdered
8. as##when##while
9. can 10. was listed
【答案】11. B 12. I
13. H 14. F
15. C 16. J
17. D 18. A
19. E 20. K
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. C 39. D
【答案】40. A 41. C 42. B
【答案】43. B 44. C 45. A 46. B
【答案】47. C 48. D 49. F 50. B
IV. Summary Writing
51.
【答案】The Dunning-Kruger effect refers to a principle where people who don’t know much in certain areas tend to overestimate themselves. The opposite situation can also happen where capable people underestimate themselves. However, many people may not realize where they lack competence, so it’s advisable to admit the existence of the Dunning-Kruger effect and keep humble and learning.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 我忽然想起把同桌的围巾忘家里了。(It)(汉译英)
【答案】It suddenly occurred to me that I left my desk mate’s scarf at home.
53. 当你遇到一连串棘手问题时，要沉住气，并好好想想如何解决。(encounter) (汉译英)
【答案】When you encounter a series of difficult problems, take it easy and think carefully about how to solve them.
54. 看着这些老物件，这个接连失去亲人的老人感觉往事历历在目，不禁潸然泪下。(can’t help) (汉译英)
【答案】Looking at the old objects, the old man who had lost relatives one after another felt the old memories came back and couldn’t help weeping.
55. 在全体居民的共同努力下，这个城市的市容正在好转，说明这些措施卓有成效。(witness) (汉译英)
【答案】With the joint efforts of all the residents, the appearance of this city is witnessing positive changes, which indicates that these measures are very effective.
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生徐晶，你校的英文报向即将毕业的高三学生征文，给高中三年来最值得你感谢的一个人或一件事表达感谢。你有意投稿，内容包括：
Ø描述这个人或这件事；
Ø表达感谢，说明感谢的理由。
注：文中不得提及真实姓名或学校。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Ms. Zhang,
I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude to you. You are the very person who gave me a hand when necessary.
One month ago, with the College Entrance Examination around the corner, I was nervous and in low spirits, being afraid of letting my parents down. When I was at a loss, as my headteacher, you asked me to go to your office. Instead of blaming me, you comforted me and discussed with me the reasons for my failing in the exam. More unforgettably, you managed to help me with my study and inspired me from time to time.
Ms. Zhang, I’m more than grateful for what you have done for me. Wish you happiness and good health.
Yours,
Xu Jing
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