Unit 2（B卷·能力提升）——高二英语同步单元AB卷（译林版2020选择性必修第四册）
展开Unit 2 Understanding each other 测试（B卷·能力提升）
（时间：90分钟 满分：120分）
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题：每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
（2021·陕西·西安中学高三模拟）A layover(临时滞留) or flight delay can be extremely fun in these international airports.
Munich Airport, Germany
Aviation(航空) lovers passing through Munich can take a behind-the-scenes tour to learn how the airport operates. Visitors can also tour three historic aircraft and a retired rescue helicopter, climb up to a 28-metre high observation platform for an up-close view of take-offs and landings, and watch films on aviation in the airport’s 60-seat cinema. Travelers can also kill layover time at an 18-hole mini-golf course, or even stop in for a teeth cleaning at the airport dental office.
Changi Airport, Singapore
After a long flight to Singapore, travelers can relax in a Balinese-style swimming pool, work out at the airport gym, or enjoy a drink and live musical performances at the airport’s Music Bar. The airport also boasts a tranquil butterfly garden, and a “fragrant garden” which is home to 15 species of plants and trees. Free movies at one of two airport cinemas also keep passengers entertained.
Schiphol Amsterdam Airport, the Netherlands
Schiphol is Europe’s fifth-largest airport. Here passengers can view the works of Dutch masters free of charge, and try their luck at airport’s casino(赌场). You can even have your wedding ceremony at Schiphol—couples can choose from four different wedding packages, including a 1930-style ceremony held on a Dakota military aircraft.
San Francisco International Airport, California
The airport’s 24-hour AirTrain not only moves passengers between terminal, but also provides a fun view of the runways. There are three aquariums(水族馆) to explore, along with interactive play area, an aviation museum, and a library. If that’s not enough to keep the little ones busy, travelers can rent portable DVD players and movies for use in the airport.
- What can travelers do at the Munich Airport?
A. They can have their teeth cleaned.
B. They can watch free films in the 28-seat cinema.
C. They can visit one of three aquariums.
D. They can relax in a swimming pool.
- Which is the unique feature of the Schiphol Amsterdam Airport?
A. Passengers can see a retired rescue helicopter.
B. Passengers can visit a Munich military aircraft.
C. Passengers can get married there.
D. Passengers can play golf there.
- Which airport was designed with kids in mind?
A. Munich Airport. B. Changi Airport.
C. Schiphol Amsterdam Airport. D. San Francisco International Airport.
B
（2021·福建莆田·高二期末）When I was six, on my first day in an American classroom, my classmates and the teacher suddenly stood up, put their hands over their hearts, and started reading the Pledge of Allegiance(效忠誓言). It marked the beginning of a fascination with what I eventually learned to call culture.
That fascination deepened in college, where I majored in Russian and learned everything I could about the country. Then I won a chance to study community theater in Irkutsk. When you’re involved in a different culture, you start wondering everything about it. So I developed a habit of exploring them whenever in an unfamiliar situation. Culture offered the chance to see the world. Culture also, at least partially, led me to WWF.
Four years later, I moved to Alaska. WWF’s Alaska office was looking for someone who could speak Russian. They hired me. I’ve been with WWF ever since. As WWF’s Arctic and Bering Sea program officer, I connect the dots between polar bears, climate change and communities. I lead WWF’s efforts to help polar bears and other Arctic marine mammals coexist alongside people.
While I picked up some environmental knowledge when volunteering with a conservation group in Siberia, I learned loads about Arctic ecosystems and species, especially through translating. My ability to move between cultures has proved just as critical to my work at WWF as my technical expertise. The people who live and work in the Arctic represent many backgrounds and opinions—Alaska native communities, government agencies, activists, people with different nationalities. You can’t do conservation work here without recognizing the cultural barriers those differences can create.
I work with Alaska native communities in the remotest parts of the state to help them find solutions to human-polar bear conflict. But when I first go into a community, I never start by talking about “human-polar bear conflict”. Instead, I ask them what’s happening with polar bears in their village. And I listen. We can work together to find solutions. I also rely on Alaska native people to help me share those solutions with other Alaska native communities.
- Why did the author go to Irkutsk?
A．To learn Russian. B．To learn community theater.
C．To help polar bears. D．To join WWF.
- What is one of the author’s duties as a WWF’s officer?
A．To study Arctic ecosystems.
B．To set up wildlife reserves.
C．To collect money for Arctic animals.
D．To help people live in harmony with animals.
- What does paragraph 4 intend to show?
A．The benefits of volunteering.
B．How to get along with different people.
C．How to study environmental problems.
D．The importance of learning other cultures.
- Which is the author’s measure to help communities solve human-polar bear conflict?
A．Asking locals for situations first.
B．Living in the local communities.
C．Stressing the need to protect polar bears.
D．Talking about human-polar bear conflict directly.
C
（2021·湖南师大附中高二期中）Babies are surrounded by human language, always listening and processing. Eventually, they put sounds together to produce a “Daddy” or a “Mama”. But what still confuses neuroscientists is exactly how the brain works to put them all together.
To figure it out, a team of researchers turned to a frequent stand-in(代替)for babies when it comes to language learning: the song-learning zebra finch(斑胸草雀). “We’ve known songbirds learn their song by first forming a memory of their father’s song or another adult’s song. Then they use that memory to guide their song learning,” said Neuroscientist Todd Roberts. “It's been a long-term goal of the field to figure out how or where in the brain this memory is. This type of imitative learning that birds do is very similar to the type of learning that we engage in regularly—particularly when we’re young, we use it to guide our speech learning.”
Roberts and his team had a feeling that the interface(交叉区域)between sensory areas and motor areas in the brain was critical for this process, and they focused on a group of brain cells called the NIF.
“In order to prove that we could identify these circuits, we thought if we could implant a false memory.” First, they used a virus to cause the neurons(神经元)in the birds’ NIf to become sensitive to light. Then, using a tiny electrode as a flashlight, which activated(激活)the neurons. The length of each pulse of light corresponded with the amount of time the neurons would fire. And the birds’ brains took that time period as the length of each note.
Soon enough, the birds began to practice the notes they had learned, even though they never really heard the sounds. Amazingly, the birds produced them in the correct social situations. The researchers say this is the first time anybody has found exactly a part of the brain necessary for generating the sorts of memories needed to copy sounds.
“This line of research is going to help us make out where in the brain we encode memories of relevant social experiences that we use to guide learning. We know that there are several neurodevelopmental disorders in people that have really far-reaching effects on this type of learning.”
- The zebra finch is researched because its song-learning mode ______.
A．is like the way babies learn speed
B．decides whether it will sing songs
C．helps it to say “Daddy” or “Mama”
D．reflects its talent for imitating its father’s song.
- What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The interface in the brain.
B．Imitative learning type like birds.
C．Guidance from adults.
D．The way of regular learning.
- What can we learn from the research led by Roberts?
A．a bird only sings what it heard before
B．The brain produces tiny electrodes.
C．Birds are sensitive to flashlights.
D．Scientists activated some neurons by using an electrode.
- What do the Roberts’ team expect of this line of research?
A．A change in our way of listening and processing.
B．A chance to have relevant social experiences.
C．A better knowledge of the secrets of learning.
D．Identification of neurodevelopmental disorders.
D
（2021·江西·南昌二中高二阶段练习）While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we’ve “summered.” “Summer” is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbed noun.
Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents. Chances are you didn’t feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbed nouns.
“The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia O’Conner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.
Even though conversion (转化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.B．White, in The Elements of Style — the Bible for the use of American English — have this to say: “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.
“Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them,” says O’Conner. That’s why we’re comfortable “hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying” a noun if it’s easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it’s descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says.
In the end, however, style is subjective. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English.” Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.
- What can we learn about the verbing of nouns?
A．It hasn’t recently been opposed by many grammarians.
B．It is more commonly accepted by children than adults.
C．It hasn’t been a rare phenomenon in the past century.
D．It is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice
- What is most leading experts’ attitude towards the practice of the verbing of nouns?
A．Cautious. B．Satisfied.
C．Disappointed. D．Unconcerned.
- What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns?
A．Predictable. B．Practicable.
C．Approaching. D．Impossible.
- What is the best title for the text?
A．Are 40 Percent of all new verbs from nouns？
B．Are Summering and Medaling Annoying?
C．Are You Comfortable about a New Verb?
D．Are There Any Rules for Verbing?
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项
（2021·江西·吉安一中高二开学考试）You've got mail…and it's a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. ___16___
"I often send postcards to family and friends." he says to China Daily, "but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it ___17___ ” Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch（直觉）paid off.
Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. ___18___ Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a harrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it. ___19___ So a common language is required and in postcrossing that's English since it's widely spoken.
"Many people in China have limited exposure to English. ___20___ That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing," Paulo says.
A．And that's totally fine
B．That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it
C．He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby
D．Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E．On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F．Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G．In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2021·上海·致远高级中学高二期末）The teenage years of an individual is marked by evaluating one's values,experiencing a shift in outlooks,and a tendency to act rebellious. It can also be a time when someone becomes extremely___21___ to negative influences,and is drawn towards dangerous situations. On the other hand,for parents, the period of their children's adolescence means regularly worrying about their safety and formation as a citizen. Thus, a method of ___22___teenagers' security is needed, and curfews(宵禁)are often seen as such a measure，since they have proved their ___23___the same time, certain peculiarities exist about establishing curfews for children.
The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States, where this method is still rather ___24___, and in European democracies, where this measure is yet not so widely used .The first and foremost reason for establishing curfews is children's security. ___25___curfews require teenagers under 17 years to stay out of streets starting from 11p.m.or midnight. This is believed to protect them from crimes committed after nightfall,as well as from breaking the law, and there exists serious evidence ___26___this belief. For example, when New Orleans enabled a dusk-til-dawn curfew in 1994, the rates of juvenile crime were reported to fall more than 20 percent.Even more impressive ___27___were recorded in Dallas, which reported a 30-percent decrease in violent juvenile crime,and a 21-percent decrease in the overall rates of crimes committed by young people (The New York Times).
On the other hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rob young people of their rights,___28___ their freedom. This opinion is ___29___ supported by the fact that curfew violations(违规) and the respective charges are among the most often committed juvenile crimes in the United States. ___30___, there were reports claiming that police arrested more non-white teenagers for curfew violations.All this can cause a teenager to believe they have crossed a psychological line dividing them as criminals; thus,such teenagers may start to see themselves as outlaws, which can ___31___ committing more serious crimes than a curfew offense.
What is important for a parent to remember when establishing a curfew for their children is that a teenager's misjudged view of certain___32___may cause them to misbehave in some other way; this is proved by research conducted by the University of Minnesota, according to which teens tend to protest against what they see as ___33___. Considering this,parents should ___34___the authoritarian style of establishing curfews; instead, they should have a conversation with their teenager that would be aimed at finding ideal conditions for a curfew that would ___35___both sides.
21. A. opposed B. subjected C. related D. restricted
22. A. improving B. restoring C. ensuring D. expanding
23. A. principle B. reference C. approach D. efficiency
24. A. popular B. absent C. practical D. accessible
25. A. Typical B. Evident C. Critical D. Specific
26. A. in place of B. in honor of C. in case of D. in favor of
27. A. results B. events C. patterns D. links
28. A. protecting B. acknowledging C. limiting D. liberating
29. A. officially B. logically C. particularly D. physically
30. A. By contrast B. In addition C. In conclusion D. In general
31. A. take charge of B. contribute to C. result from D. deal with
32. A. rules B. charges C. crimes D. relations
33. A. impolite B. unrealistic C. inadequate D. unfair
34. A. adopt B. allow C. avoid D. address
35. A. satisfy B. spare C. surround D. settle
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2021·四川乐山·高二期中）If you look around your city, you might spot people wearing hanfu in subways or on the streets. A new trend is taking hold in China – guochao, or “China-chic”.
According to a recently published report, searches ____36____ (relate) to guochao on Dianping, a lifestyle information platform,____37____ (rise) by 170 percent from the same period last year, and reviews have gone up by nearly 40 percent. China-chic is happening, but what is it?
China-chic came under ____38____ spotlight in 2018. During the 2018 New York Fashion Week, Li-Ning introduced its Taoism-inspired Wu Dao collection. The collection not only had a trendy look, but also included elements of ____39____ (tradition) Chinese culture. It immediately grabbed attention at home and abroad. As a result, the company recorded 20 percent revenue growth (营业收入) in 2018,
___ 40____ (mark) the first time the brand’s revenue had hit the 10-billion-yuan mark since____41____ (it) founding. Now, the guochao trend is moving to the next stage,____42____its success will rely, first and foremost,____43____ gaining cultural confidence rather than Western validation (认可).
No matter how the guochao trend evolves, there’s one thing that won’t change: Behind the passion ____44____ (be) people’s positive attitude toward the country’s development and their_____45_____ (recognize) of and growing confidence in national culture, said Yao Linqing, a professor in the School of Economics and Management at Communication University of China.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
（2021·浙江·湖州检测）假定你是李华，你的外籍好友Henry学习汉语遇到困难，给你发来一封邮件，想让你为他推荐一款学习汉语的APP。请你回信，内容包括：
1. 推荐名称（名称可自拟）；
2. 推荐理由；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Henry,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours ,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
（2021·山东·莒县教育局教学研究室高二期中）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was the best speller in my third-grade class. Everyone knew it. I could spell lots of difficult words effortlessly. Perfect scores came to me after each weekly spelling test.
Our teacher Mrs. Brown’s rule for spelling tests was that if you didn’t get at least 60 percent correct, you had to copy each word for next week’s spelling test fifty times. Ryan, the kid who sat next to me, was not very clever. He did badly in every subject, including spelling.
One day when Mrs. Brown passed back our spelling test’s papers, I took a quick look at Ryan’s paper and saw his big red mark-56 percent. He quickly folded (折叠) the paper and pushed it into his desk. Before the next spelling test, I was so confident about my spelling abilities that I thought that I didn’t need to prepare for it.
The day finally came. As Mrs. Brown slowly mouthed each word and then repeated it, the silence was broken only by crazy pencil scratches (沙沙声). Then Mrs. Brown said, “Handkerchief.”
As I rapidly put pencil to paper, I stopped. My mind was racing as I wrote down h-a-n-d-k-e-r-c-h. What was the remaining part? Did the word end up with “i-e-f”, “e-i-f” or just “i-f”? My mind was blank. I wrote “e i-f” down, but I was wondering whether I should erase (擦除) them and change them to other letters. Then it hit me that Ryan knew how to spell it. He wrote the word fifty times-there was no way he would forget it.
Ryan had put his pencil down. It was a wide-open road between my eyes and the word that I knew he had correctly written on his paper. I was very nervous as Mrs. Brown was about to mouth the next word.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
I turned my eyes to Ryan’s paper without anyone noticing me.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Finally, I decided not to cheat.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
