重难点44 书面表达之观点看法类-2023年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（全国通用）

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专项五  中考题型重难点44  书面表达之观点看法类一般来说，观点看法类文章的内在逻辑关系十分清晰，它除了考查考生的英文基础，还考查考生的逻辑能力。具体来说就是上下文的衔接过渡和文章层次的体现。文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡性的词和短语来完成，在修辞中称为＂启、承、转、合＂。＂启＂就是开头，＂承＂就是承接，＂转＂是转折，＂合＂是综合或总结。 1. 用于表示＂启＂的过渡性的词和短语通常用在段落或文章的开头。此类过渡性的词和短语有first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to begin with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, lately等。2. 用于表示＂承＂的过渡性的词和短语通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中。此类过渡性的词和短语有second, in addition, besides, then, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse, for example, certainly, obviously, in other words, still, at the same time, no doubt等。3. 用于表示＂转＂的过渡性的词和短语通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中。此类过渡性的词和短语有but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, while, despite, in spite of等。 4. 用于＂合＂的过渡性的词和短语通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中。过渡性词和短语有in a word, in short, above all, after all, finally, therefore, as a result, on the whole, in summary等。 总之，要做好书面表达，需要大家把握以下几个原则：细读提示，抓要点：选择句型，准表达；确定线索，巧组合；适当发挥，保完整；规范书写，争高分；细查全文，除笔误。 一、写作方法——十句作文法第一段为开头，包括两句。第一句为主题句，提出问题并通过问题点明全文主题；第二句为扩展句，进一步说明和支持主题句。另外，也可调整两句的顺序，由第一句说明情况，第二句提出问题。第二段为正文，共七句。第一句为主题句，提出本段的主题，它应与第一段的主题相一致。第二句至第七句为扩展句，说明和支持本段的主题。句与句之间要注意运用好过渡词，以使行文流畅。第三段为结尾，简化为一句，是对全文的总结，并说明作者自己的观点。三段之间的衔接要灵活运用＂启、承、转、合＂的过渡手段。二、应急百宝箱遇到要点不会表达怎么办？词数不达标怎么办？不要急，＂一代，五加，一扩＂帮你轻松解决问题。＂一代，五加，一扩＂具体说来就是：    1. 以实代虚——写实    2. 增加限定语——定语、状语等    3. 增加例子——for example, such as    4. 增加原因——进一步说明    5. 加套语（词块）    6. 加格言、谚语等——进一步说明    7. 扩充建议——自主发挥，点到即可三、注意事项1. 观点鲜明，文章一定有一个明确的中心论点——主题。 2. 层次分明，一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持，层次要分明，过渡要自然。 3. 最后一段一般要总结全文，得出一个符合逻辑的结论，突出中心思想。 4. 通常采用一般现在时。 5. 语言简洁有力，一般不采用口语。常用表达一、开头句型As far as ...is concerned It goes without saying that...  It can be said with certainty that... As the proverb says ...It has to be noticed that... It’s generally recognized that... It’s likely that ...It’s hardly too much to say that... What calls for special attention is that... 需要特别注意的是 There’s no denying the fact that... 毫无疑问，无可否认Nothing is more important than the fact that... What’s far more important is that... 二、衔接句型A case in point is ... As is often the case... As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore... 然而问题并非如此简单，所以…… But it’s a pity that... For all that...In spite of the fact that... Further, we hold opinion that...However, the difficulties in... Similarly, we should pay attention to... not (that)...but (that)... 不是……而是……In view of the present station... 鉴于目前形势As has been mentioned above...  综上所述In this respect, we many as well (say)... 从这个角度上我们可以说……  However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即……三、结尾句型I will conclude by saying... Therefore, we have the reason to believe that... All things considered 总而言之 It may be safely said that... Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable... It can be concluded from the discussion that... 从中我们可以得出这样的结论 From my point of view, it would be better if... 在我看来……也许更好 四、万能句型Let’s take...to illustrate this. 试举例以兹证明Let’s take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.  It remains to be further studied... There’s question is how...写作模板参照学科网《备战2023年中考英语高分作文》之《研读中考作文真题总结黄金模板》  一般来说，观点看法类文章的内在逻辑关系十分清晰，它除了考查考生的英文基础，还考查考生的逻辑能力。具体来说就是上下文的衔接过渡和文章层次的体现。文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡性的词和短语来完成，在修辞中称为 “启、承、转、合”。 “启”就是开头， “承”就是承接， “转”是转折， “合”是综合或总结。 分析全国近几年的中考真题可知，书面表达对“观点看法类”的话题考查比重仅次于 “做法建议类”，也是各地市高频考查方向。此类话题，通常在背景材料中说明某种 “好/坏/新ぐ“…”的现象，或以表格或图示展示不同人群的 “不同或对立”的观点，由此让学生最终陈述自己的观点，并说明理由(注意理由要有理有据、条理清晰)。中考五星高频考点，题目难度中等，在全国各地中考试卷选填题中均有考查。易错点易错点01：观点不鲜明。文章一定有一个明确的中心论点——主题。易错点02：层次不分明。一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持，层次要分明，过渡要自然。易错点03：最后一段不总结全文。最后一段一般要总结全文，得出一个符合逻辑的结论，突出中心思想。典例解析（2020·辽宁营口·中考真题）近日，几个城市提出了"两天半周末"的计划。该计划顿时引起了同学们的热议。有的同学非常赞同，觉得两天半时间足够进行一次周末旅行，也有了更多的休闲时间；有的同学提出异议，担心自己的课业负担会更沉重。请根据要点提示，用英文写一篇短文，阐述你的观点和理由。要点：1、你的观点(赞成或反对)2、你的理由(至少2点)提示词：2. 5-day- weekend 两天半周末要求：1、词数：60-80词。2、短文应包括所选观点中的要点，可适当发挥。3、短文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。These days, some cities worked out a plan about a "2. 5-day weekend". In that way, people will have an extra half-day off every Friday afternoon. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】These days, some cities worked out a plan about a "2. 5-day weekend". In that way, people will have an extra half-day off every Friday afternoon.  It is known to all that Everyone wants to have his spare time and during this time he likes to do what he wants to do,and I think it's a good way for us to balance schoolwork and free time.First of all,By carrying out "2. 5-day weekend"，we can spend more time taking a trip in the city nearby. That will help us to be more energetic.  Secondly, at weekends, we will leave more time for hobbies and  interests. Thirdly,we will not be as busy as before and we will have a good rest. I hope we will have a weekend like this, too. I can't wait!Carrying out "2. 5-day weekend"is good for us.so let's be for it！（观点）【详解】1.题干解读：该题目属于议论文写作。在写作时应紧接文章开头继续写作，根据内容提示讲述你的观点以及理由。2.例文点评：例文主要用第一人称进行写作，主要采用一般将来时态来写作。讲述观点以及理由叙述完整且条理清晰。3.高分亮点：短语：worked out a plan；in that way；have an extra half-day off；take a trip；at weekends；as busy as；have a good rest。句型：if引导的条件状语从句；I think…和I hope…宾语从句；and表示并列的句子。    （2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）假如你是李华，看到某英语报社将要组织的劳动体验和体育锻炼夏令营活动的宣传。请用英语给编辑写一封信，谈一谈你更想参与的一种活动及理由，并对你选择的活动提出建议。要求：1.所写内容必须包括一种活动的所有信息，可适当发挥;2.对你所选择的活动说明理由，并对其提出建议;3.文章不少于90词，开头已给出，不计入总词数;4.文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名等信息。 Dear Sir/Madam,Thanks for offering such meaningful camps. I prefer__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours, Li Hua （2022·湖南永州·中考真题）为积极响应落实国家“双减”政策，你校英语老师研发了多种形式的英语作业，为学生减负，为教学增效。英语组正在举办题为“My favorite English homework”的征文活动。请根据以下表中信息，写一篇短文投稿。要求：1) 文中不得出现真实人名，校名和地名；2) 语言通顺，表达正确；3) 至少三个理由：4) 词数：80词左右。My favorite English homeworkReasonsWishes/Suggestions1. the whole book reading整本书阅读2. play show 话剧表演3. king of words单词王4. collection of translation of public places搜集公共场所的英语译文5. movie dubbing 电影配音6. volunteer guide for foreigners给老外当导游……1. develop/raise reading interest, reading habit…2. improve reading ability, thinking ability, language ability, writing ability, communication ability...3. build confidence 树立自信4. enlarge vocabulary 扩大词汇5. learn by practice6. enrich knowledge and experience7. know about western culture8. tell Chinese good stories9. spread Chinese traditional and excellent culture......  参考词汇：“双减”政策“Double Reduction” policy；减轻学生负担release students’ burden；提升教学效果improve teaching quality___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （2022·四川广元·中考真题）理想（ideal）是人生导航的灯塔，它指引我们成为对祖国和社会有用的人。近来，某英文报刊将举行以“如何做一名有理想的时代新人”为主题的征文活动。请你结合以下提示要点和自己的认识，写一篇英文稿件。写作要点：1. 你的理想是什么？2. 为什么有这样的理想？（不少于两点理由）3. 你打算怎样实现自己的理想？（不少于两点做法）写作要求：1. 文中须包含以上要点：2. 文中不能提及本人的真实姓名、地名和校名：3. 词数80左右，标题和开头语已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：ideal adj. & n. 理想的：理想My IdealIn the new times it’s very important for us to be a middle school student with an ideal. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________