重难点04 代词-2023年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（全国通用）

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专项一  词汇 重难点04 代词1.人身代词1.1.人称代词的种类人称单数复数主格宾格  第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit1.2.人称代词的用法用法典例人称代词作主语时用主格。She was late for class today.今天她上课迟到了。作动词或介词的宾语时，用宾格。Miss Smith is very kind. We all like her.史密斯小姐很和蔼，我们都喜欢她。作表语时用主格，但在口语中常用宾格。－Who gave out the news?谁把消息放出去的？－It's me.是我。1.3.it的用法用法典例指代上文中出现过的同一事物。－What do you think of the movie by Chen Sicheng?你认为陈思诚导演的这部电影怎么样？－Terrific.I like it very much.太好了。我非常喜欢它。it指代上文中的the movie作形式主语或形式宾语。It is really hard for them to climb such a high mountain.对他们来说爬这么高的山真的很难。   物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫作物主代词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数的变化。2.1.物主代词的种类 类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs 2.2.物主代词的用法用法典例形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只能置于名词前作定语。I am old enough to wash my clothes by myself.我已经长大了，可以自己洗衣服。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，句法功能与名词相同，其后不能再接名词。Lucy's strawberries are fresher than mine.露西的草莓比我的新鲜。mine=my strawberries This bag is his.Where's hers?这个书包是他的。她的在哪里？  反身代词用来表示“我（们）自己”“你（们）自己”“他／她／它（们）自己”的代词为反身代词。反身代词可作宾语、表语或同位语，但不能作主语。3.1.反身代词的种类人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves 3.2.反身代词作动词或介词的宾语The song I Believe I Can Fly tells us that believing in ourselves is very important.歌曲《我相信我能飞》告诉我们相信自己很重要。3.3.含有反身代词的短语teach oneself 自学     help oneself to...随便吃······     for oneself亲自       dress oneself 自己穿衣服lose oneself迷失方向，迷路   by oneself独自     hurt oneself伤害自己     come to oneself恢复，苏醒  不定代词不明确指代某个／些人、某个／些事物而起名词或形容词作用的代词叫作不定代词。不定代词大都可以代替名词或形容词，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。4.1.some和any的用法用法典例some通常用于肯定句中，any通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。－Are there any boy students on the playground?操场上有一些男生吗？－No,there aren't. There are some girl students.不，没有。有一些女生。在表示邀请、请求或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，应用some.I've just made a pot of coffee. Would you like some?希望得到肯定的回答 我刚煮了一壶咖啡，你想喝点儿吗？any也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何”。 I can see you any time on Monday.星期一任何时间我都能见你。表示“任何” 4.2.all,none,both,either和neither的用法代词用法典例allall 指代或修饰复数可数名词时，表示对三者或三者以上的人或物的全部肯定；也可指代事物的整体或抽象概念，此时作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。All of them have passed the exam.他们都通过了考试。None表示“三者或三者以上都不”，指代人或物，既可指代复数可数名词也可指代不可数名词；常用来回答how many/much引导的特殊疑问句。All the volunteers were very tired, but none of them took a rest.所有的志愿者都很累了，但他们中没有人休息。both表示“两者都”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Both Helen's parents are doctors.海伦的父母都是医生。either表示“两者中的任何一个”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。－Do you need an apple or a pear?你需要一个苹果还是一个梨？－Either.I really don't mind.哪一个都可以。我真不介意。neither表示“两者都不”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。I tried two bookshops for the dictionary, but neither of them had it.我试了两家书店找这本字典，但两家书店都没有。 4.3.few,a few,little和a little的用法用法典例few和a few修饰复数可数名词，little和a little修饰不可数名词。Fortunately I had a little time to spare.幸好我能抽出一点儿时间来。a few和a little表示肯定含义，意为“一些”；few和little表示否定含义，意为“几乎没有”。He has few interests outside his work.工作之外他几乎没什么兴趣。There's little money left.几乎没剩下什么钱了。 4.4.other,the other,others,the others 和another的用法other“另外的”，只作定语，常与复数名词连用。I've got some other friends.我还有一些其他的朋友。the other“（两者中的）另一个”，常与one连用，构成“one..the other..."结构。My family has two dogs.One is white,the other is black.我家里有两条狗。一条是白色的，另一条是黑色的。others泛指“别的人或物”，相当于“other+复数可数名词”，常构成“some...others...”结构。Some are cleaning the windows,while others are mopping the floor.一些人在擦窗户，其他人在擦地板。the others特指“其余所有的人或物”，相当于“the other+复数可数名词”。This book is better than the others.这本书比其余所有的书都好。another“三者或三者以上中的任何一个”，一般修饰或代替单数可数名词。I don't like this small bag. Would you please show me another?我不喜欢这个小包。你能给我另一个看看吗？4.5.复合不定代词some-any-no-every-someone 某人anyone 任何人no one 没有人everyone 每人somebody 某人anybody 任何人nobody没有人everybody每人something某物，某事anything任何事物nothing 没有东西everything一切（1)复合不定代词的用法同some,any的用法。some-类复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中，也可用于表示希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。any-类复合不定代词常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何人／物”。Would you like something to drink?你想喝点儿什么吗？（2)如果有形容词修饰，形容词应该放在复合不定代词之后。I've been so bored for a long time. I hope to have something interesting to do.我无聊了很长时间，我希望能做一些有趣的事情。  指示代词指示代词包括 this,that,these和those等，this,these指在时间或空间上离说话人较近的人或物；that,those指在时间或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。this,that指代单数名词；these,those指代复数名词。5.1.打电话时，常用this介绍自己是谁，用that 询问对方是谁。Hello.This is John.Who is that speaking?你好，我是约翰。你是哪位？5.2.that,those 常用来替代已提到过的名词，以避免重复。that指代不可数名词或特指的单数可数名词，those指代特指的复数可数名词。例：His own experience was different from that of his friends.代替 experience他本人的经历和他朋友不同。The days in summer are longer than those in winter.代替 the days夏季的白天比冬季的白天长。5.3.it,one,that作替代词时的用法区别。it特指同类同物的单数可数名词。one代替同类异物的可数名词，表示泛指，复数形式用ones.that代替同类异物的不可数名词或单数可数名词，表示特指含义，其复数形式those只能代替复数可数名词。例：I can't find my key. I think I must have lost it.指上文提到的my key我找不到我的钥匙了。我觉得我一定把它弄丢了。例：Do you have toys? I'd like to buy one for my cousin. 指玩具中的任何一个  你有玩具吗？我想给我的堂弟买一个。The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shenzhen.代替 the weather,表特指  北京的天气比深圳冷。  代词是代替名词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用可分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词等。其中，反身代词、物主代词、不定代词和疑问代词是中考的高频考点。比如名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的区别，疑问代词含义区分，不定代词的正确选用，都是考查的重点。对于不同类型代词的相关知识的学习，既要全面又要有重点。典例解析1．（2022·山东青岛·统考中考真题）________ （每一个）of the students in our group is thirsty for success in the speech competition.【答案】Each【详解】句意：物品们小组的每一个学生都渴望在演讲比赛中获得成功。根据中文提示“每一个”和“of”可知，此处应该填写each，放在句首首字母大写。故填Each。2．（2022·山东潍坊·统考中考真题）教练看上去对比赛结果很满意。（It seems that…）_____________________________________________________________【答案】It seems that the coach is satisfied with the result.【详解】It seems that“似乎……”；be satisfied with“对……满意”；coach“教练”；result“结果”，描述心理状态用一般现在时，故填It seems that the coach is satisfied with the result.  一、单项选择1．（2021·山东东营·统考中考真题）—Judy, why is your dog barking（吠叫）at the mirror?—Because it can’t recognize（认出）________ in the mirror.A．me B．it C．you D．itself2．（2022·天津·统考中考真题）—Whose camera is this? Is it ________?—No, it’s not mine. It’s ________.A．you; him B．yours; him C．yours; his D．you; his3．（2022·安徽·统考中考真题）—I have ________ but praise for the police because they often help people out of trouble.—Yes, they’re well worth praising.A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something4．（2022·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）—To go abroad or not to go after graduation, it’s a question. —You may take ________ of the roads. But being home in the end matters.A．neither B．either C．both D．none5．（2022·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）Our English teacher, Miss Li, is kind and patient. We all like ________.A．she B．her C．hers D．herself6．（2022·四川泸州·统考中考真题）Hurry up, Su Mei! The graduation ceremony begins in a second. We have ________ time left.A．few B．a few C．little D．a little7．（2022·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）—Coffee or tea, Frank?—Coffee, please. To get relaxed, ________ is better than a cup of coffee.A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything8．（2022·四川遂宁·统考中考真题）—I’d like to order something to drink. What would you like, coffee or cola?—________. Milk is OK.A．Both B．Neither C．All D．Either9．（2022·云南昆明·统考中考真题）— What is your sister’s favorite color?— ________ favorite color is purple, the Color of the Year for 2022.A．My B．Your C．His D．Her10．（2022·辽宁营口·统考中考真题）—Lucy, is this ________ dictionary? —No, it isn’t. ________ is in my bag.A．your; Yours B．my; Mine C．your; Mine D．my; Hers11．（2022·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）Another three astronauts, Liu Yang, Chen Dong and Cai Xuzhe, have been sent into space. Let’s express (表达) our best wishes to ________ .A．they B．them C．their D．theirs12．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Sandy, could you fold the clothes for me?—Why ________? I am not available. You can ask David to do ________ instead.A．him; them B．me; it C．I; it D．me; them13．（2022·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）With lights, people can do as ________ things in the evenings as they can in the daytime.A．few B．little C．many D．much14．（2022·辽宁·统考中考真题）Students should learn some living skills to take good care of ________.A．herself B．himself C．yourselves D．themselves15．（2022·江苏常州·统考中考真题）Learning is a life-long journey, for it brings us ________ new every day.A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something16．（2022·山东青岛·统考中考真题）Bing Dwen Dwen and Shuey Rhon Rhon express __________ best wishes to the world—Together for a Shared Future.A．they B．them C．their D．themselves17．（2022·辽宁大连·统考中考真题）Daming is busy making a list of things for________ camping trip now.A．he B．his C．him D．himself18．（2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题）— Is this your Bing Dwen Dwen (冰墩墩)?— No. ________ is on the sofa.A．Hers B．His C．Yours D．Mine19．（2022·广西梧州·统考中考真题）—Which club have you joined, the art club or the football club?—________. I joined the basketball club.A．Both B．None C．Either D．Neither20．（2022·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）________ is our duty to make our country better and stronger.A．It B．This C．That D．One21．（2022·云南·统考中考真题）I advise you not to show ________ on the WeChat because it may cause trouble.A．anything personal B．personal anythingC．something personal D．personal something 二、完成句子22．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）Mr. Black使我们能够在他的课堂上通过有趣的方式轻松地学习物理。Mr. Black makes ________ ________ for us to learn physics easily and in an interesting way in his class.23．（2022·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）对学生们来说，知道学习的重要性是必要的。It’s necessary for students ________ the importance of studying.24．（2022·湖北荆州·统考中考真题）For Chinese children, ________ a second language in school.在校期间, 中国孩子多学一门语言是非常重要的。(be)25．（2022·江苏常州·统考中考真题）我们的城市和他们的一样因优美的环境而闻名。Our city _____________________________________.26．（2022·辽宁·统考中考真题）幸运的是，一位热心的司机要捎他一程。Luckily, a kind-hearted driver will __________.