重难点08 动词和动词短语-2023年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(全国通用)
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这是一份重难点08 动词和动词短语-2023年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(全国通用),文件包含重难点08动词和动词短语-2023年中考英语热点·重点·难点专练全国通用解析版docx、重难点08动词和动词短语-2023年中考英语热点·重点·难点专练全国通用原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共21页, 欢迎下载使用。
1.1.常考动词的用法辨析
(1)lk,see,watch,read的区别:
(2)take,spend,pay,cst的区别:
(3)brrw,lend,keep的区别:
(4)wear,put n,dress的区别:
(5)arrive,reach,get的区别:
1.2.及物动词和不及物动词
(1)及物动词:可接单宾语、双宾语和复合宾语结构。
When smene gives me mney, I feel they dn't think at all.give 后接双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)
当有人给我钱时,我感觉他们根本就没有思考。
We elected him mnitr f ur class.elect后接复合宾语(宾语+宾补)我们选他当我们班的班长。
(2)不及物动词:不及物动词后面一般不可以直接接宾语,但有时不及物动词和介词或副词一起使用,构成动词短语,此时其后可以接宾语。
What will happen withut electricity?没有电,会发生什么?
I'm waiting fr the bus.我正在等公交车。
1.3.延续性动词和非延续性动词
(1)延续性动词表示一种可持续的行为过程或状态,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。而非延续性动词表示行为或过程在短暂瞬间内完成,不可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
The film has been n fr ten minutes.电影已经开始10分钟了。
The film began ten minutes ag.电影10分钟之前就开始了。
(2)延续性动词和非延续性动词的转换:
系动词
连系动词指连接主语和表语的动词,主要用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征或状态。连系动词只有主动形式。
例I like sft and gentle music. It sunds nice.我喜欢柔和的音乐。这种音乐听起来不错。
助动词
助动词本身没有词义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等,帮助构成否定、疑问、强调或省略等。
3.1.助动词be的用法
be用作助动词和用作连系动词一样,有人称、数和时态的变化,主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。
例They asked me what I was ding all afternn.他们问我整个下午一直在做什么。
A new plan was put up at the meeting.会上提出了一个新计划。
3.2.助动词 have的用法
助动词have在句中有人称、数和时态的变化,主要与过去分词一起构成各种完成时态或完成进行时态。
They have been waiting fr yu fr tw hurs.他们等了你两个小时了。
He has lived in Beijing since he was brn.自出生以来,他就住在北京。
3.3.助动词d的用法
助动词d也有人称、数和时态的变化,主要帮助实义动词构成否定句、疑问句。有时可以放在动词原形前起强调作用。
例He didn't g t see the film last Sunday.上周日他没去看电影。
例 I did telephne yu last night.昨晚我确实给你打过电话。
用在动词原形前,起强调作用
4.动词短语词义理解考点
4.1.动词+介词
4.2.动词+副词
(1)put+副词
(2)give+副词
(3)turn+副词
(4)take+副词
(5)set+副词
(6)cme+副词
(7)get+副词
(8)lk+副词
lk ver 检查 lk up 查阅 lk ut 当心,小心
(9)动词+up
(10)其他
4.3.动词+副词+介词
4.4.动词+名词+介词
take care f...照顾····· take pride in...对······感到自豪
make friends with...和······交朋友 pay attentin t 注意,留心
4.5.动词+形容词+介词
be harmful t...对·····有害 be afraid f...害怕······
动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。动词在句中作谓语,用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。动词有不同的形式,这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。在备战2020年中考时,考生要牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义,多做练习,在实践中加以区分。
中考考查重点:1. 动词辨析;2. 动词短语辨析。
典例解析
1.(2022·江苏南通·统考中考真题)Our schl held a sprts meeting yesterday. (改为否定句)
Our schl ________ ________ a sprts meeting yesterday.
【答案】 didn’t hld
【详解】句意:我们学校昨天举行了运动会。原句是一般过去时,变否定句需借助于助动词didn’t,其后跟动词原形。held的原形为hld。故填didn’t;hld。
2.(2022·辽宁盘锦·统考中考真题)当鲍勃 (Bb) 到家时,他的姐姐正在做家务。
____________________________________________________________
【答案】When Bb gt / arrived hme / reached his hme, his sister was ding husewrk (chres). / His sister was ding husewrk (chres), when Bb gt / arrived hme / reached his hme. / Bb gt / arrived hme / reached his hme, while his sister was ding husewrk (chres). / While his sister was ding husewrk (chres), Bb gt / arrived hme / reached his hme.
【详解】到家:arrive / get / reach hme;他的姐姐:his sister;做家务:d husewrk / chres。结合语境可知,该句的两个动作“到家”和“做家务”分别属于非延续性动词和延续性动词,且动作发生于过去,所以可以使用when或while引导的时间状语从句。“到家”这个动作使用一般过去时,“做家务”这个动作使用过去进行时。需要注意的是,when可以跟非延续性动词和延续性动词,但是while后一般只跟延续性动词。故填When Bb gt / arrived hme / reached his hme, his sister was ding husewrk (chres). / His sister was ding husewrk (chres), when Bb gt / arrived hme / reached his hme. / Bb gt / arrived hme / reached his hme, while his sister was ding husewrk (chres). / While his sister was ding husewrk (chres), Bb gt / arrived hme / reached his hme.
3.(2022·江苏扬州·统考中考真题)不用时,请关掉电灯、电视和电脑。
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】Please turn ff the lights, the TV and the cmputer when they are nt in use.
【详解】句子是祈使句,以动词原形开头,please“请”;关掉:turn ff;电灯:the ligths;电视:the TV;电脑:the cmputer;当……时候:when;be in use“在使用中”,从句主语是they“它们”,be动词用are,变否定句时在be动词后加nt。故填Please turn ff the lights, the TV and the cmputer when they are nt in use.
一、单项选择
1.(2022·湖北武汉·统考中考真题)—Laura spke very slwly t peple t ________ what she wuld say.
—She just wanted t think abut what thers were feeling.
A.surveyB.weighC.supprtD.repeat
2.(2022·江苏无锡·统考中考真题)—Des the clur red represent gd things in Chinese culture?
—Yes. But writing ne’s name in red is nt gd, and we usually ________ it.
A.avidB.adviseC.allwD.accept
3.(2022·辽宁·统考中考真题)—Nw we can “plant trees” at the bttm f the sea.
—It’s a new way t __________ the sea.
A.paintB.prtectC.createD.describe
4.(2022·甘肃·统考中考真题)On the traditinal Chinese calendar, Qingming, meaning clear and bright, is n the furth r fifth day f April.
A.fallsB.jumpsC.walksD.runs
5.(2022·甘肃·统考中考真题)He ffered her a trip t Australia but she turned him dwn.
A.refused himB.lked at himC.hated himD.invited him
6.(2022·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题)Eric tried t _______ why he was late fr wrk, but his manager didn’t believe him.
A.warnB.explainC.imagineD.mean
7.(2022·江苏扬州·统考中考真题)In such cheerful cnversatin, the time ________ all t quickly.
A.went upB.went dwnC.went byD.went back
8.(2022·海南·统考中考真题)—It’s said that the Shenzhu-14 astrnauts will say hell t us n Mid-Autumn Day.
—Wnderful! I’m ________ it.
A.getting alng withB.staying away frmC.lking frward t
9.(2022·湖北武汉·统考中考真题)During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything prduced in the wrld ________ n the streets f Chang’an.
A.is fundB.has been fundC.will be fundD.culd be fund
10.(2022·北京·统考中考真题)—_________ I take phts here?
—Srry, yu can’t. It’s nt allwed in the museum.
A.MustB.NeedC.CanD.Will
11.(2022·湖北武汉·统考中考真题)—Alex, cme dwn t play ftball.
—I can’t. Mm said I ________ clean my bedrm befre ding anything else.
A.had tB.willC.used tD.can
12.(2022·天津·统考中考真题)The bk ________ be Mary’s. We can see her name n it.
A.needB.mustC.can’tD.needn’t
13.(2022·江苏连云港·统考中考真题)The public sign in the library means peple ________ smke there.
A.culdB.mustC.culdn’tD.mustn’t
14.(2022·四川成都·统考中考真题)—There is a new art museum in ur city. Yu _______ miss it.
—Thank yu. I wn’t.
A.can’tB.mustC.needn’t
15.(2022·河北·统考中考真题)—D I have t hand in my reprt nw?
—Of curse, yu ________. We’re ging t discuss it.
A.canB.can’tC.mustD.mustn’t
16.(2022·江苏扬州·统考中考真题)Prtect yur hearing. Dn’t wait until yu ________ hear a thing.
A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.shuldn’tD.can’t
17.(2022·四川达州·统考中考真题)—Wh is playing the pian in the music rm? Is it Mary?
—N, it ________ be her. She has ________ t Beijing n business.
A.culdn’t; beenB.can’t; gneC.can’t; beenD.mustn’t; gne
18.(2022·四川达州·统考中考真题)— Exercising is gd fr ur health.
— Yu’re right. S I’d rather ________ an hur’s walk than ________ in frnt f the cmputer.
A.t take; sitB.take; sitC.take; sittingD.t take; sitting
19.(2022·四川泸州·统考中考真题)—Paul, have yu tried this chicken? It’s a special in Luzhu and has been intrduced in the TV prgram A Bite f China.
—Yes, it ________ ht but delicius.
A.eatsB.lksC.tastesD.sees
20.(2022·贵州黔西·统考中考真题)Neither Saturday nr Sunday________ OK because I will be quite busy these tw days.
A.areB.isC.amD.be
二、完成句子
21.(2022·江苏常州·统考中考真题)女足运动员们对自己要求非常严格,所以她们取得了很大的进步。
Wmen ftball players were _____________________________________.
22.(2022·辽宁大连·统考中考真题)坚持下去!如果你放弃了,你就真的失败了。
Keep ging! ________.
23.(2022·湖北荆州·统考中考真题)My mm ften ________ Grandma Wang when she is in hspital.
王奶奶住院时,我妈妈经常照看她。(take)
24.(2022·湖北荆州·统考中考真题)Lk! Jack ________ . Let’s jin him.
瞧!杰克正在踢足球,我们也去吧。(play)
25.(2022·广东广州·统考中考真题)凯特想知道她是否能为科学日做些事。
Kate wndered ______ ______ ______ ______ smething fr the Science Day.
26.(2022·内蒙古通辽·统考中考真题)无论我走到哪里,没有什么能把我和我的祖国分开。
Wherever I g, nthing can make me ________ ________ my mtherland.
三、句型转换
27.(2022·江苏南通·统考中考真题)Every day the by ges t schl n ft t g green. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the by g t schl every day t g green?
28.(2022·甘肃·统考中考真题)Tm ges t schl with his best friend every day. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ Tm g t schl with every day?
29.(2022·重庆·统考中考真题)I brush my teeth twice a day. (改为否定句)
I ________ my teeth twice a day.
30.(2022·上海·统考中考真题)The new rbts help passengers with their luggage at this airprt. (改为一般疑问句)
_________ the new rbts _________ passengers with their luggage at this airprt?
单词
用法
lk
强调“看”的动作,单独使用时,用来引起对方的注意。
see
强调“看”的结果,意为“看见,看到”。
watch
强调“专注地看”,有欣赏的意味,常用于看电视、看球赛等。
read
专指“阅读”,用于读书、看报等。
动词
用法
take
指“花费”时间,常用it作形式主语,用于“It takes sb.+时间+动词不定式”结构。
spend
意为“花费”时,主语为人,用于“sb.spend+金钱/时间+n/(in)d-ing sth.”结构。
pay
意为“花费”时,主语为人,用于“sb.pay+金钱+fr sth.”结构。
cst
意为“花费”时,主语为物,用于“sth.cst sb.+金钱/时间”结构。
动词
用法
brrw
“借入”,是非延续性动词,常用于brrw sth.frm sb.结构。
lend
“借出”,是非延续性动词,常用于lend sth.t sb.结构。
keep
表示借某物多长时间,是延续性动词。
动词
用法
wear
侧重“穿着”的状态,后可接表示颜色、服装的名词。
put n
侧重“穿”的动作,是非延续性动词短语。
dress
后接人作宾语,即 dress sb.结构,意为“给某人穿衣服”。
动词
用法
arrive
是不及物动词,后接宾语时需要加介词in(大地方),at(小地方)。
reach
是及物动词,后面可以直接加宾语。
get
是不及物动词,后需接介词t,再加宾语。
非延续性动词
延续性动词
非延续性动词
延续性动词
leave
be away
brrw
keep
have
begin/start
be n
buy
die
be dead
finish
be ver
becme
be
put n
wear
分类
例词
表示感官
lk 看起来 sund听起来 taste 尝起来 smell闻起来 feel摸起来
表示状态、变化等
be是 keep(使保持 turn 变成 get 变得 remain 依然 prve 证明是
g 变得 grw 逐渐变得 appear 显得 seem看起来 becme 变得
deal with 处理
wrry abut 担心
care abut 关心
stick t 坚持
lk after 照顾
wait fr 等待
agree with 赞同,同意
knck at敲击
lk fr 寻找
pay fr 支付
ask fr 请求
depend n依赖,取决于
leave fr动身前往
lead t导致,引起
take after...与······相像
suffer frm 遭受
laugh at 嘲笑
cmplain abut 抱怨
grw up 长大
lk int 调查
lk thrugh 浏览
keep n保持,继续
keep t 保持
call in来访
g n 继续
belng t属于
lk like 看起来像
learn abut 了解
hear frm...收到······(信)
hear f 听说
put n增加(体重),穿上
put up张贴,举起
put ff 推迟
put away收起来,放好
put dwn放下,记下
put ut 熄灭
put in 安装
put thrugh 完成
give ut分发.give up放弃
give in 屈服
give away 赠送,泄露(秘密)
give ff发出,放出
turn up 调高
turn n打开
turn ff 关闭
turn ut原来是,证明是,结果是
turn dwn 调低
take up 占用,从事
take ff脱下,起飞
take away 带走
take dwn 写下
take ver 接管
take back 拿回
set ff 出发
set up成立,建立
set ut 出发,动身
cme ut 出版,开花
cme ver 过来
cme abut发生,产生
cme n 加油
cme up上来,上升
cme true 实现
get ver 克服
get t到达
get in 进入
get ff 下车
get away 逃离
get n 上车
cheer up 使振作起来
pick up 捡起
fix up修理
eat up吃光
clean up 清除,清理
stay up 熬夜
hurry up 快点儿
dress up 盛装打扮
make up 编造,弥补,组成
wake up 叫醒
call up 打电话
cut up 切碎
hand in上交
keep ff 回避
find ut 查明,找出
wrk ut算出,解决
call ff 叫走
cut dwn 砍倒
run ut用完,耗尽
shw ff 炫耀
knck ff碰掉,撞倒
try n 试穿
thrw away 扔掉
g by经过,时光流逝
send fr 派人去请
mve away 搬走
drp in顺便来访
cme up with提出,想出
keep up with跟上,赶上
lk up t 尊敬
speak highly f...对······评价高
lk frward t 期待,盼望
run away frm 逃离
keep away frm 远离
get alng with...与······相处
lk dwn n看不起,轻视
lk ut fr 当心,提防
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