重难点10 非谓语动词-2023年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（全国通用）

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专项一  词汇 重难点10 非谓语动词1.动词不定式1.1.动词不定式的形式:基本形式为“to+动词原形”，否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。例 It's important not to be late for class.上课不迟到是非常重要的。1.2.动词不定式的功能（1)动词不定式作状语。作状语时，一般在句中作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。例We need more money to improve transport in London.我们需要更多的钱来改善伦敦的交通状况。（2)动词不定式作主语。常用it作形式主语，真正作主语的不定式后置。常用句型为“It is+adj.+(of/for sb.) to do sth.”。例It's not easy to find your way around the town.在这个小镇上要找到路很不容易。（3)动词不定式作宾语。常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like/want to 想要              agree to同意                     afford to 负担得起hope/wish to 希望                   decide to决定                    promise to 承诺continue to 继续                    expect to 期望                    refuse to 拒绝（4)动词不定式作宾语补足语。常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词：tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事               warn sb.to do sth.警告某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事            allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事            advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事（5)动词不定式作定语。作定语时常放在修饰词后，作后置定语。例I can't think of any good advice to give her.我想不出任何好的建议给她。（6)动词不定式作表语。常放于be动词后。例My job is to look after the baby.我的工作是照顾这个婴儿。1.3.“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构动词不定式可以与疑问代词who,whom,what,which,whose 及疑问副词when,where,how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。I didn't know how to get back to the village.我不知道怎样回到村子。1.4.常见省略to的动词不定式结构had better do sth.最好做某事                   would rather do sth.宁愿做某事cannot but do sth.只好做某事                   Why(not)do sth.?为什么（不）做某事？ 动名词2.1.动名词的功能（1)动名词作动词的宾语。常接动名词作宾语的动词（短语）有：enjoy喜欢              finish 完成               keep(on)保持             mind介意advise 建议             suggest 建议             practice 练习             admit 承认feel like 想要           can't help 禁不住          imagine 想象             avoid 避免（2)作介词的宾语。介词后用动名词作宾语。例After eating in her restaurant people would become tired very quickly.顾客在她的餐馆里吃过饭以后，很快就会感到疲乏。（3)动名词作定语。置于被修饰词之前，表明被修饰词的用途、性质等。例She is in the waiting room.她在候车室。例Let's buy a washing machine.我们买台洗衣机吧。（4)动名词作主语。表示一种概念、习惯或经验，常用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾。It is fun playing computer games.玩电脑游戏很有趣。（5)动名词作表语。例His favorite sports is playing basketball.他最喜欢的运动是打篮球。2.2.动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别部分动词后接动词不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大。remember to do sth.记得去做某事               remember doing sth.记得做过某事forget to do sth.忘记去做某事                  forget doing sth.忘记做过某事regret to do sth.遗憾去做某事（未做某事而遗憾）regret doing sth.后悔做了某事（做了某事而后悔）try to do sth.设法尽力做某事                  try doing sth.试着做某事stop to do sth.停下当前事去做另一件事         stop doing sth.停止当前事  现在分词、过去分词分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。分词的句法功能如下：功能说明例句定语修饰语与被修饰词为主动关系或动作正在进行用现在分词；反之，为被动关系或动作已完成用过去分词。单个分词作定语放在所修饰词前，分词短语作定语放在修饰词后。For example,there are already robots working in factories.例如，已经有机器人在工厂里工作了。He is a man loved by all.他是一个受大家爱戴的人。状语与主语为主动关系用现在分词；与主语为被动关系用过去分词。Being ill,she stayed at home.因为病了，所以她待在家里。Given another hour,I can also work out this problem.再给我一个小时，我也能做出这道题。补足语宾语与补足语为主动关系或表示动作正在进行用现在分词；宾语与补足语为被动关系、动作已完成或动作他人完成用过去分词。Don't have the students studying all day.不要让学生们整天学习。He found his hometown greatly changed.他发现他的家乡变化很大。    非谓语动词是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。中考考查重点： 1. 动词不定式；2. 动名词；3. 分词（现在分词和过去分词）。    非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。典例解析1．（2022·四川广安·统考中考真题）They need to ________ (筹集) enough money to build a new school.【答案】raise【详解】句意：他们需要筹集足够的资金来建造一所新学校。筹集：raise，need to do sth.“需要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故填raise。2．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）If you’ re outgoing enough, you’ll find it’s not hard to ________ ________ (交朋友) with others.【答案】     make     friends【详解】句意：如果你足够外向，你会发现和别人交朋友并不难。make friends with sb.“与某人交朋友”；固定句型it’s+形容词+to do sth.“做某事是……样的”。故填make；friends。3．（2022·安徽·统考中考真题）I’m afraid I might lose my best friend, and I’ll try to r________ (修复) our relationship.【答案】(r)epair【详解】句意：我害怕我可能会失去我最好的朋友，我会努力修复我们的关系。repair“修复”，try to do sth“努力做某事”，故填(r)epair。  一、单项选择1．（2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题）An old man ________ on the side of the road was found ________, and he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.A．lies; dies B．lay; died C．lain; dead D．lying; dying【答案】D【详解】句意：一个躺在路边的老人被发现奄奄一息，他被巴士司机和乘客立即送往医院。考查词义辨析。lies说谎，躺；lay躺（过去式）或放置（动词原形）；lain躺（过去分词）；lying躺（现在分词）或说谎（现在分词）。第一空表示“正躺在路边的老人”，用现在分词作定语。dies死亡，动词三单；died死亡，动词过去式；dead死亡的，形容词；dying垂死的，形容词。根据“he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.”可知，还有生命体征，处于垂死边缘，第二空应填形容词dying，故选D。2．（2022·天津·统考中考真题）The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree ________ it.A．sell B．sells C．sold D．to sell【答案】D【详解】句意：这幅画对他来说真的很有价值。他永远不会同意卖掉它。考查非谓语动词。agree to do sth.“同意做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选D。3．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）Mr. Brown told his son not ________ the paintings in the museum.A．touch B．to touch C．touching D．touched【答案】B【详解】句意：布朗先生告诉他的儿子不要碰博物馆里的画。考查非谓语动词。tell sb (not) to do sth表示“告诉某人（不）要做某事”，动词不定式作宾补，故选B。4．（2022·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）Kitty, these books are ________ heavy for you ________ carry. Let me help you.A．as…as B．too…to C．such…that D．so…that【答案】B【详解】句意：基蒂，这些书太重了，你拿不动。我来帮你。考查too...to...结构。as…as像……一样；too…to太……而不能；such…that如此……以致于……；so…that如此……以致于……。根据“carry”是动词原形可知，符合too…to结构，表示“太重了拿不动”。故选B。5．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）The new year is coming. Teachers encourage us ________ new hobbies.A．develop B．developing C．to develop D．developed【答案】C【详解】句意：新的一年就要来了。老师鼓励我们培养新的爱好。 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，使用动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选C。 6．（2022·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）________ the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door.A．Reach B．To reach C．Reaching D．To reaching【答案】B【详解】句意：为了接触被锁在里面的人，消防员破门而入。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“the people locked inside”的目的是“the firemen broke down the door”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故选B。7．（2022·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）—Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills?—Certainly. I advise you ________ a diary in English every day.A．to keep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps【答案】A【详解】句意：——李老师，你能告诉我如何提高我的写作技巧吗？——当然。我建议你每天用英语写日记。考查非谓语动词。advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。8．（2022·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）We learned ________ to work as a team by completing the task.A．what B．which C．how D．who【答案】C【详解】句意：通过完成任务，我们学会了如何团队合作。 考查疑问词辨析。what什么；which哪一个；how怎样；who谁。根据“We learned … to work as a team by completing the task”可知，学会了如何团队合作，用how与“to work …”构成“疑问词+to do”结构作宾语，故选C。9．（2022·云南·统考中考真题）If you want ________ your pronunciation, keep on practicing every day.A．improve B．improved C．improving D．to improve【答案】D【详解】句意：如果你想提高你的发音，坚持每天练习。 考查非谓语动词。want to do sth“想要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语，故选D。10．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）The local government advises people ________ to other places ________ it is not necessary during the pandemic.A．travel; unless B．to not travel; if C．not to travel; unless D．not to travel; if【答案】D【详解】句意：当地政府建议人们在疫情期间，如果没有必要，不要前往其他地方。 考查非谓语动词和连词辨析。advise sb (not) to do sth“建议某人（不要）做某事”，排除AB。unless除非；if如果。根据“advises people...to other places”可知，“it is not necessary during the pandemic”是“The local government advises people...to other places”的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句。故选D。11．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need ________.—Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes ________ enough.A．washing; are B．to wash; are C．to wash; is D．washing; is【答案】D【详解】句意：——快点，杰森！我们要去看电影，但衣服还需要洗。——不要担心。我想30分钟就够了。考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。need doing sth“需要被做”，排除BC；第二处“thirty minutes”是一个时间整体，be动词用is。故选D。12．（2022·云南昆明·统考中考真题）Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ________ good grades on your new journey!A．cutting B．to cut C．getting D．to get【答案】D【详解】句意：男孩女孩们，祝你们好运，在新的征程上取得好成绩!考查非谓语。wish sb. to do sth.“希望某人做某事”，是固定短语，用不定式作宾补，故选D。13．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）Holly prefers playing the piano to ________ the violin. Listen! She ________ the piano in her room. A．play; is playing B．playing; plays C．playing; is playing【答案】C【详解】句意：霍莉喜欢弹钢琴而不喜欢拉小提琴。听！她正在房间里弹钢琴。考查非谓语及时态。prefer doing to doing“宁愿做……也不愿做……”，是固定短语，第一空用动名词形式；结合“Listen!”可知，第二空用现在进行时结构，故选C。14．（2022·四川遂宁·统考中考真题）—The art festival is coming. It’s a good chance to show ourselves.—You are very good at ________. And you will be the most popular star.A．singing B．sing C．to sing D．sang【答案】A【详解】句意：——艺术节要来了。这是一个展示自己的好机会。——你很会唱歌。 你将成为最受欢迎的明星。考查非谓语动词。be good at doing sth.“擅长做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选A。15．（2022·内蒙古包头·统考中考真题）Nancy didn’t know anyone in the new school, so she decided to join an after-school club ________ some new friends.A．to meet B．meet C．met D．meets【答案】A【详解】句意：南希不知道新学校的任何人，因此她决定参加课后俱乐部去交一些新朋友。考查非谓语动词。根据“some new friends”可知，用动词不定式表达目的是“为了交新朋友”，用“to meet”。故选A。 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空16．（2022·甘肃定西·统考中考真题）The teacher asked the students ________ (circle) the correct answer.【答案】to circle【详解】句意：老师让学生圈出正确的答案。 ask sb to do sth“告诉某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾补，故填to circle。17．（2022·甘肃定西·统考中考真题）More and more young people enjoy ________ (read) poems.【答案】reading【详解】句意：越来越多的年轻人喜欢读诗。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，故填reading。18．（2022·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）Miss Gao is preparing a talk on how _________ (solve) teenager problems.【答案】to solve【详解】句意：高老师正在准备一个关于如何解决青少年问题的报告。此处用“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语，故填to solve。19．（2022·内蒙古包头·统考中考真题）I remember __________ my key into my bag, but now it’s not there! （put）【答案】putting【详解】句意：我记得我把钥匙放进包里了，但现在不见了！remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”，remember to do sth.“记得去做某事”，根据“but now it’s not there”可知，此处强调已经做过，故填putting。20．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）The journalist hoped to _________ the brave act of the fireman. （reporter）【答案】report【详解】句意：新闻记者希望报道消防员的勇敢行为。reporter“记者”，名词。hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，故空格处用动词原形report“报道”。故填report。 三、完成句子21．（2022·广东广州·统考中考真题）凯特计划参加学校科学日活动。Kate was planning to ______ ______ ______ the activities on the school Science Day.【答案】     take     part     in【详解】表达“计划做某事”用短语“plan to do”，表达“参加”用短语“take part in”。故填take；part；in。22．（2022·贵州贵阳·统考中考真题）做往往比说更重要。_______ something is usually more important than to say something.【答案】To do【详解】根据汉语句意提示，“做”do something在句子作主语，且与“说”to say something进行比较，因此应用动词不定式to do，位于句首，首字母t要大写。故填To do。23．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）那位62岁的女士足够勇敢，从湖里救起了一位小伙子。（完成译句）The 62-year-old lady was brave ________ ________ save a young man in the lake.【答案】     enough     to【详解】“足够”enough，置于形容词之后，... enough to do sth.“足够……做某事”。故填enough；to。24．（2022·辽宁鞍山·统考中考真题）你所说的似乎有道理。What you said seems to ______________________________.【答案】make sense【详解】根据句意可知，此处缺少“有道理”的翻译，make sense“有道理”，seem to do“似乎，好像”，故填make sense。25．（2022·贵州六盘水·统考中考真题）初中生每天有9小时的睡眠时间是有必要的。It’s ________ for junior students ________ sleep for 9 hours.【答案】     necessary     to【详解】necessary“必要的”，在句中作表语，此处是“It is+adj+for sb to do sth”句型，使用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填necessary；to。 四、单词填空26．（2022·江苏苏州·统考中考真题）You can’t make much progress in study without m_________ your time well.【答案】(m)anaging【详解】句意：如果你不能很好地管理你的时间，你就不能在学习上取得很大的进步。 根据“You can’t make much progress in study without … your time well.”及首字母可知，不能很好地管理自己的时间，就不能取得进步，manage“管理”，without是介词，后接动名词，故填(m)anaging。27．（2022·四川自贡·统考中考真题）Mary lost the speech competition and she is unhappy. Let’s go to c________ her up.【答案】(c)heer【详解】句意：玛丽在演讲比赛中失利了，她很不高兴。 我们去让她高兴起来吧。 根据“Mary lost the speech competition and she is unhappy”及首字母可知，此处建议让她振作起来，cheer sb up“让某人振作起来”，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形，故填(c)heer。28．（2022·四川·统考中考真题）I was waiting for the bus when the rainstorm came and it began to r________ heavily.【答案】(r)ain【详解】句意：我正在等公共汽车，这时暴风雨来了，雨开始下得很大。根据“when the rainstorm came”及首字母可知，此处指“下雨”rain，begin to do sth“开始做某事”，所以空处用动词原形。故填(r)ain。29．（2022·四川自贡·统考中考真题）Wild animals are our friends. It’s our duty to p________ them, for we can’t live without them.【答案】(p)rotect【详解】句意：野生动物是我们的朋友。 保护他们是我们的责任，因为我们不能没有他们。 根据“Wild animals are our friends. It’s our duty to … them”及首字母可知，要保护野生动物，protect“保护”，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形，故填(p)rotect。30．（2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题）Our teacher asked us to ________ (描述) our friends in class yesterday.【答案】describe【详解】句意：昨天老师让我们在课堂上描述一下我们的朋友。describe“描述”，ask sb to do sth“让某人做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填describe。