初中数学人教版九年级下册29.2 三视图练习题

一、复习引入

前面我们讨论了由立体图形（实物）画出三视图，那么由三视图能否也想象出立体图形（实物）呢？

二、自主探究

 1.完成课本例4：根据下面的三视图说出立体图形的名称.

分析:由三视图想象立体图形时，要先分别根据主视图、俯视图和左视图想象立体图形的前面、上面和左侧面，然后再综合起来考虑整体图形.

    (1)从三个方向看立体图形，图象都是矩形，可以想象出:整体是长方体，如图(1)所示;

(2)从正面、侧面看立体图形，图象都是等腰三角形;从上面看，图象是圆;可以想象出:整体是圆锥，如图(2)所示.

2.完成课本例5根据物体的三视图，如下图（1），描述物体的形状.

分析.由主视图可知，物体正面是正五边形，由俯视图可知，由上向下看物体是矩形的，且有一条棱(中间的实线)可见到。两条棱(虚线)被遮挡，由左视图知,物体的侧面是矩形的.且有一条棱〔中间的实线)可见到,综合各视图可知，物体是五棱柱形状的，如上图（2）所示.

3.画出符合下列三视图的小立方块构成的几何体：

分析：首先应由三种视图从三个方向确定分别有几层，每层有几个，每个小正方体的具体位置在哪儿？画出之后再看一是否和所给三视图保持一致.

4. 下面的每一组平面图形都是由四个等边三角形组成的．

（1）指出其中哪些可以折叠成多面体、把上面的图形描在纸上，剪下来，叠一叠，验证你的答案；

（2）画出由上面图形能折叠成的多面体的三视图，并指出三视图中是怎样体现“长对正，高平齐，宽相等” 的；

（3）如果上图中小三角形的边长为1，那么对应的多面体的表面积是多少？

三、课堂训练

1.完成课本99页练习

四、课堂小结

1、一个视图不能确定物体的空间形状，根据三视图要描述几何体或实物原型时，必须将各视图对照起来看.

2、一个摆好的几何体的视图是唯一的，但从视图反过来考虑几何体时，它有多种可能性。例如：正方体的主视图是正方形，但主视图是正方形的几何体有直三棱柱、长方体、圆柱等.

3、对于较复杂的物体，有三视图形象出物体的原型，应搞清三个视图之间的前后、左右、上下的对应关系.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

五、作业设计

教材习题29.2 必做题: 4，5             

选做题：8