中考英语一轮复习考点练习考点26 完形填空之说明文 （教师版）

这是一份中考英语一轮复习考点练习考点26 完形填空之说明文 （教师版），共35页。试卷主要包含了命题特点分析，解题方法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点26 完形填空之说明文
一、命题特点分析：
1. 开头点题。说明文类完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。
2. 结构清晰。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。
3. 难度较大。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。
4. 说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
5. 说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。
二、解题方法：
1. 快速弄清文章大意。
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2. 弄清楚说明的顺序。
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节。
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4. 注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：
（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。
（2）语法正确。从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。
（4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。

（一）


A picture is worth a thousand words, but it can’t always tell ___21___whole story. The sailor in the famous photo V-J Day in Times Square, George Mendonsa, died last month at age 95.
___22___Aug 14, 1945, when World War II ended, American photojournalist Alfred took his camera to the___23___of New York. In Times Square, people were celebrating the victory everywhere.
“I saw a sailor___24___along the street grabbing（抓住）any and every girl in sight. Whether she was a grandmother, strong, thin, old, didn’t make a difference,” Alfred said.
He then took the photo, which later became one of the most___25___photos in history. But Alfred forgot to ask for the pair’s___26___!
Since then, many people have said to be the people in the photo. One book, The Kissing Sailor, writes every thing about the ___27___.The authors also___28___people in the background of the photo. They said that Greta Zimmer Friedman, a dentist’s assistant, was the woman pictured.
Friedman,___29___died in 2016, said she didn’t mind the kiss, ___30___ it was quite sudden. “It was just somebody really celebrating… it wasn’t a romantic event. It was just…‘thank God the war is over.’”
21. A. a B. the C. an D. /
22. A. In B. Of C. At D. On
23. A. hospitals B. cinemas C. streets D. cafes
24. A. cycling B. going C. coming D. running
25. A. important B. famous C. interesting D. disappointed
26. A. jobs B. names C. numbers D. interests
27. A. sailor B. woman C. photo D. story
28. A. talked with B. listened to C. spoke up D. said to
29. A. whom B. what C. who D. which
30. A. if B. so C. although D. but
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. C 30. C
【解析】这是一张胜利之吻的照片，本文介绍了这张照片的来历。1945年，为了庆祝二战的胜利，大众在时代广场举行庆祝活动，摄影师阿尔弗雷德跑到时代广场，想记录一下什么，就在这个时候，他在时代广场上看见一名水手满大街跑，一路拥抱成年女性。阿尔弗雷德就跑到这位水手前，就在这个时候，水手一把搂住一名护士，来了个深情之吻，快门记录了这经典的时刻。
【21题详解】
句意：一张照片胜过千言万语，但它不一定能说明整个故事。
a/an表示泛指，一个；the表示特指。the whole story整个故事，此处特指照片所蕴含的故事。因此用定冠词the。故选B。
【22题详解】
句意：1945年8月14日，二战结束，美国摄影记者阿尔弗雷德带着相机走上纽约街头。
In在（某段时间）内；Of关于(某人)；At在(某时间或时刻)；On在（某一天），用在具体的时间前。Aug 14, 1945是具体的时间，因此用介词on。故选D。
【23题详解】
句意：1945年8月14日，二战结束，美国摄影记者阿尔弗雷德带着相机走上纽约街头。
hospitals医院；cinemas电影院；streets街道；cafes咖啡馆。根据“In Times Square, people were celebrating the victory everywhere.”以及句子“I saw a sailor…along the street”判断，美国摄影记者阿尔弗雷德是带着相机走上纽约街头。故选C。
【24题详解】
句意：我看见一个水手满大街跑，一路拥抱所看到的成年女性。
cycling骑自行车旅行；going走；coming来到；running奔跑。这一段描述的是庆祝胜利的场景。根据“grabbing any and every girl in sight. ”判断，这位水手是满大街跑，一路拥抱所看到的成年女性。故选D。
【25题详解】
句意：他随后拍摄了这张照片，这张照片后来成为历史上最著名的照片之一。
important重要的；famous著名的；interesting有趣的；disappointed失望的。根据下文的“Since then, many people have said to be the people in the photo. One book, The Kissing Sailor, writes every thing about the...”以及短文的内容可知，这张照片具有纪念意义，是在庆祝第二次世界大战胜利时拍摄的，因此是历史上最著名的照片之一。故选B。
【26题详解】
句意：但是阿尔弗雷德忘了问两人的名字！
jobs工作；names名字；numbers数字；interests兴趣。根据“Since then, many people have said to be the people in the photo.”可知从那以后，很多人都说照片上的人是自己。也就是说照片上的人是谁没有人知道，所以这里应该是阿尔弗雷德忘了问两人的名字！故选B。
【27题详解】
句意：其中一本书《亲吻的水手》写了这张照片的每一个细节。
sailor水手；woman妇女；photo照片；story故事。此处的the表示特指，是指文中提到的照片。故选C。
【28题详解】
句意：作者还与照片背景下的人交谈。
talked with与……交谈；listened to倾听；spoke up公开表态；said to对……说。根据“They said that Greta Zimmer Friedman, a dentist’s assistant, was the woman pictured.”可知，这是作者与照片背景下的人交谈后得到的结果。故选A。
【29题详解】
句意：弗里德曼于2016年去世，她说她不介意这个吻，尽管吻很突然。
whom谁，宾语；what什么；who谁，主语；which哪一个。此处是定语从句，先行词是Friedman，又是主语的位置，因此用who引导。故选C。
【30题详解】
句意：弗里德曼于2016年去世，她说她不介意这个吻，尽管吻很突然。
if如果；so因此；although尽管；but但是。分析语境可知，后半句是一个让步状语从句，空处表示“尽管”。故选C。
（二）
Dr. Zhong Nanshan was born in October 1936 in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. He is one of the most famous medical ___1___ in the 21st century. He studied in Guangdong High school in 1953 and graduated ___2___ Beijing Medical College in 1960. In the first Chinese National Games, Zhong ___3___ the first place in men's 400-meter Hurdles(跨栏)and set up a new national record at time.
In the spring of 2003, SARS broke out in China and all over the world, ___4___it is dangerous and hard, Zhong not only led but also took active part in the battle ____5____ SARS. People at that time knew ___6___ about SARS, Zhong and his team worked day and night treating patients. Through their hard work for several ___7___, they made remarkable results and SARS was stopped ___8___.
Zhong ___9___as one of the top ten people moving China in 2004. He has been working in the medical field for over 60 years.
And now he is still working in Wuhan along with many young doctors. He ____10____ most of his time on the medical research and treating patients. He is a good doctor in countrymen eyes and respected by all the people in China.
1. A. scientists B. engineers C. officers
2. A. of B. in C. from
3. A. beat B. won C. lost
4. A. Unless B. But C. Although
5. A. against B. with C. about
6. A. few B. little C. much
7. A. days B. years C. months
8. A. in the end B. by the end C. at the end
9. A. considered B. is considered C. was considered
10. A. pays B. spends C. takes
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B
【解析】文章主要是介绍钟南山院士的情况，以及在医学方面做的贡献以及在SARS和新冠肺炎期间的表现，他是国人眼中的好医生，受到全国人民的尊敬。
【1题详解】
句意：他是21世纪最著名的医学科学家之一。
scientists科学家；engineers工程师；officers办公室；根据句意理解及后句He studied in Guangdong High school in 1953 and graduated ___2___ Beijing Medical College in 1960.可知，这里表达的是“科学家”，故选A。
【2题详解】
句意：1960年毕业于北京医学院
of……的；in在……里面；from从……；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“毕业于”，英语是graduate from，所以这里应该用from，故选C。
【3题详解】
句意：在第一届全运会上，钟南山获得男子400米栏第一名，并创造了当时的新的全国纪录。
beat打败；won赢；lost失去；根据句意理解及空格后the first place in men’s 400-meter Hurdles可知，这里表达的是“赢得比赛”，故选B。
【4题详解】
句意：虽然危险重重，但钟不仅领导并积极参与了“非典”战役。
Unless除非；But但是；Although虽然；根据句意理解及句子结构分析可知，这里是一个让步状语从句，故选C。
【5题详解】
句意：虽然危险重重，但钟不仅领导并积极参与了抗击非典的斗争。
against反对；with和……；about关于；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“与……做斗争”，英语用against，故选A。
【6题详解】
句意：当时的人们对SARS知之甚少。
few几乎没有，修饰复数名词；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；much很多，修饰不可数名词；根据句意理解及后句Zhong and his team worked day and night treating patients.可知，这里表达的是“几乎不知道”，这里指的是“SARS方面的知识”，所以应该用little，故选B。
【7题详解】
句意：经过几个月的努力，他们取得了显著的成绩。
days日；years年；months月；根据句意理解及后句they made remarkable results and SARS was stopped ___8___.以及常识可知，这里表达的是“几个月的努力”，故选C。
【8题详解】
句意：非典型肺炎最终被制止了。
in the end最后；by the end到……为止；at the end在……的末尾；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“最后”，英语是in the end，故选A。
【9题详解】
句意：钟被认为是2004年中国十大感动人物之一。
considered认为，过去式；is considered被认为，一般现在时被动结构；was considered被认为，一般过去时的被动结构；根据句意理解及空格后as one of the top ten people moving China in 2004.可知，这里表达的是“被认为”，且动作是发生在过去，所以这里应该用过去时的被动结构，故选C。
【10题详解】
句意：他把大部分时间花在医学研究和治疗病人上。
pays支付；spends花费；takes带，拿；根据句意理解及空格后most of his time on the medical research and treating patients可知，句子主语是人，且与后句中on构成spend…on sth的结构，故选B。
（三）
When you were young, who flew kites with you in the park? Who taught you how ___1___ football? Who helped you work out ___2___ first difficult math problem? Who told you the difference between right and wrong? Your dad. Now it’s your turn to do something for him. This Sunday, June 18, is Father’s Day. So why not do something to thank your dad?
This idea of Father’s Day ___3___ from an American lady called Sonora Dodd ___4___ 1909. She wanted a special day to honor her father. He raised six children by himself after his wife ___5___ during the birth of their sixth child. Sonora thought there needed to be a day to honour great and loving dads. Her father ___6___ born on June 19. So she chose to hold the first Father’s Day celebration on his birthday in 1910. In 1924, the US president Calvin Coolidge liked the idea of a national Father’s Day. Finally, in 1966, the third Sunday in June ___7___ Father’s Day.
There are many ways to show your love and thanks to your father, such as sending him a greeting card. Usually fathers prefer cards ___8___ are not too emotional. So maybe you can choose one that will make him laugh happily. A small present, such as a photo of your family, can make him feel ___9___ . Send him flowers—the red rose is the official Father’s Day flower. If he has ___10___ iPad, cover it with words like “I love you, Dad!”
1. A. to play B. play C. played D. playing
2. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself
3. A. have come B. came C. come D. will come
4. A. from B. at C. on D. in
5. A. die B. died C. dead D. death
6. A. are B. is C. was D. were
7. A. make B. was made C. is made D. was making
8. A. that B. whom C. what D. who
9. A. good B. well C. better D. best
10. A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. B
【解析】本文主要讲了父亲节的由来及父亲节时该如何表达自己的爱和感谢。
【1题详解】
句意：谁教你如何踢足球的？
to play动词不定式；play动词原形；played动词的过去式或过去分词；playing动词的现在分词或动名词。根据空前“how”，结合选项可知要用“疑问词+动词不定式”作taught的宾语，how to play football如何踢足球。故选A。
【2题详解】
句意：谁帮你解决了你的第一道数学难题?
you你，人称代词主格或宾格；your你的，形容词性物主代词；yours你的，名词性物主代词；yourself你自己，反身代词。根据空后“first difficult math problem”可知要用形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词短语。故选B。
【3题详解】
句意：这个关于父亲节的想法来自于1909年一位名叫索诺拉·多德的美国女士。
have come现在完成时；came动词的过去式；come动词原形；will come一般将来时。根据时间状语“1909”可知讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式came。故选B。
【4题详解】
句意：这个关于父亲节的想法来自于1909年一位名叫索诺拉·多德的美国女士。
from来自；at后接具体钟表时刻；on后接具体日期或具体某一天的上下午、晚上等；in后接年、月、季节等。年份“1909”前用介词in。故选D。
【5题详解】
句意：他的妻子在第六个孩子出生时去世，他独自抚养了六个孩子。
die死，动词原形；died死，动词过去式；dead死的，形容词；death死亡，名词。after引导的时间状语从句中缺少谓语动词，讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，此处用过去式died符合题意。故选B。
【6题详解】
句意：她的父亲出生于6月19日。
are复数be动词；is第三人称单数be动词；was单数be动词的过去式；were复数be动词的过去式。主语“His father”是第三人称单数，且是出生在过去，be动词用was。故选C。
【7题详解】
句意：最后，在1966年，6月的第三个星期天被定为父亲节。
make动词原形；was made一般过去时的被动语态；is made一般现在时的被动语态；was making过去进行时。主语“the third Sunday in June”与动词make之间是动宾关系，表示“被定为”。时间“in 1966”是过去时间，用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
【8题详解】
句意：通常父亲喜欢不太情绪化的卡片。
that先行词指人或物；whom先行词指人；what不作定语从句关系词；who先行词指人。先行词“cards”指物，要用that引导定语从句。故选A。
【9题详解】
句意：一件小礼物，比如一张全家福，会让他感觉很好。
good好的，形容词；well好，副词；better是good或well的比较级；best是good或well的最高级。感官系动词feel后接形容词，句中没有比较含义，用形容词原级good。故选A。
【10题详解】
句意：如果他有一台iPad，用“我爱你，爸爸!”这样的话来做桌面壁纸。
不定冠词a/an表泛指；定冠词the表特指；此处泛指一台iPad，iPad以元音音素开头，其前用不定冠词an。故选B。
（四）
You must know Singles Day（Nov 11）in China. Many people, probably（可能）even your parents, stay ___11___ late that night. They go shopping online ___12___ big savings （省钱）. Well, the US has something like it ___13___ Black Friday.
Black Friday is the ___14___after Thanksgiving. It fell on Nov 29 this year. It is one of the biggest shopping ___15___ in the US. People want to start shopping for Christmas gifts, so they go shopping on this day to ___16___ money.
It’s called Black Friday ___17___ shops used to record（记录）sales with black ink（墨水）. So when there was a lot of black ink on a page, it meant the shop sold a lot.
Shopping on Black Friday ___18___ place at actual（实体的）stores. It is ___19___ from Singles Day. People stand in line for hours. Sometimes they fight over things because there are only a few left. Televisions, computers and video game systems（电子游戏系统）are some of people’s favorite things to ____20____ .
11. A. up B. on C. in D. for
12. A. get B. gets C. got D. to get
13. A. call B. calls C. called D. calling
14. A. Saturday B. Friday C. Thursday D. Wednesday
15. A. day B. days C. week D. week
16. A. save B. make C. count D. return
17. A. so B. but C. because D. and
18. A. take B. takes C. took D. taking
19. A. difference B. different C. same D. the same
20. A. buy B. buying C. see D. seeing
【答案】11. A 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. B 20. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国最大的购物日“黑色星期五”的时间，由来，与中国双十一的不同之处以及人们的购物情况。
【11题详解】
句意：许多人，甚至可能是你的父母亲在那天晚上熬夜。
up向上；on在…上面；in在…..里面；for为了，给。根据句意可知此处要表达“熬夜”之意，根据固定搭配“stay up late”，所以填up。故选A。
【12题详解】
句意：他们网上购物是为了节省大笔钱。
get得到，获得；gets动词的单三形式；got动词的过去式形式；to get动词的不定式形式。根据“They go shopping online.”可知他们网上购物，“big savings”意为“节省大笔钱”，根据句意和语境可知此处需用动词不定式来表达目的。故选D。
【13题详解】
句意：好吧，美国的黑色星期五和双十一有一些相似之处。
call呼叫，称呼；calls动词单三形式；called动词过去式或过去分词形式；calling动词ing形式。根据“…it…Black Friday.”和句意可知它被人们称为黑色星期五，it与Black Friday构成被动关系，需用过去分词。故选C。
【14题详解】
句意：黑色星期五是在感恩节之后的星期五那天。
Saturday周六；Friday周五；Thursday周四；Wednesday周三。根据常识可知感恩节在每年11月的第四个星期四，黑色星期五在每年11月的第四个星期五，也就是感恩节的后一天就是黑色星期五。故选B。
【15题详解】
句意：它是美国最大的购物日之一。
day天，日子；days day的复数；week周，星期；weeks week的复数。根据“one of +the+最高级+名词复数”可知此空需填名词的复数。黑色星期五是购物日。故选B。
【16题详解】
句意：人们想开始买圣诞礼物，所以他们在这一天去购物以节省钱。
save节约，拯救；make制造；count数数；return返回，退还。根据“They go shopping online to get big savings…the US has something like it called Black Friday.”可知在黑色星期五和双11这天，人们都会购物以节省开支。故此空填save。故选A。
【17题详解】
句意：它被称为黑色星期五，因为商店过去用黑墨水记录销售额。
so因此；but但是；because因为；and和，且。根据“It’s called Black Friday.”可知它被称为黑色星期五；根据“shops used to record（记录） sales with black ink（墨水）”可知商店过去用黑墨水记录销售额。前后句意表达因果关系，后句为原因，故用because连接。故选C。
【18题详解】
句意：黑色星期五的购物发生在实体店。
take花费，带走；take动词单三形式；took动词过去式；taking动词ing形式。因句子主语为Shopping on Black Friday，是单数形式，所以谓语动词需用动词单三形式。故选B。
【19题详解】
句意：它与双十一不同。
difference差异，差别；different不同的；same相同的；the same同样的，一样。根据“Shopping on Black Friday takes place at actual（实体的）stores.”可知黑色星期五购物是在实体店，而双十一是网上购物，所以两者不相同。“be different from”意为与......不同，故选B。
【20题详解】
句意：电视、电脑和电子游戏系统是人们最喜欢买的一些东西。
buy购买；buying动词ing形式；see看，明白；seeing动词ing形式。根据文中“Shopping on Black Friday…”可知黑色星期五是人们购物日，人们可以买他们喜爱的物品。又根据“Televisions…are some of people’s favorite things to…”，可知此处不定式是作定语，所缺空应填动词原形。故选A。
（五）
Everyone needs friends. There is an old saying, “Friends are God’s way of ___36___care of us.” But how do you find real friendship and keep it? I think finding friendship is just like planting a tree. You plant the seed and look after it to ___37___it grow. First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friend? A good friend doesn’t need to have much money or good looks, but he should be ___38___ and helpful. For example, if you have a bad day, a good friend should come to stay with you and make you ___39___. But things can not always be so pleasant. Even the best friends can have ___40___. What should you do when you have fights with your friends? You may talk to them or just write a letter to say ___41___ to them. Let me tell you three ways to be friends again. First, let him or her know ___42___you are feeling. Then you can tell your friend he or she is wrong. Third, tell him or her the ___43___ why you did this or that. If you don’t have a friend before, you had better think of having___44___ . As you know, friendship is the most___45___ thing in your life and life will be greater if you have friends.
36. A. take B. took C. taken D. taking
37. A. bring B. take C. make D. do
38. A. clever B. kind C. smart D. strong
39. A. happy B. unhappy C. sad D. bad
40. A. needs B. questions C. problems D. plans
41. A. sorry B. hello C. thanks D. goodbye
42. A. what B. how C. why D. that
43. A. fact B. question C. way D. reason
44. A. these B. one C. this D. that
45. A. boring B. serious C. funny D. necessary
【答案】36. D 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. C 41. A 42. B 43. D 44. B 45. D
【解析】短文大意：本文关注的是友谊话题，作者就如何交友和维持友谊给出了具体建议。
【36题详解】
句意：有句老话说，“朋友是上帝照顾我们的方式。”
take携带，took是过去式，taken是过去分词；taking是动名词形式。the way of……方式，介词of后接动名词；根据句意结构，故选D。
【37题详解】
句意：你种下种子，照顾它，让它成长。
bring带来；take拿走；make使/让；do做。本句用不定式表目的，根据“You plant the seed and look after it你种下种子，照顾它”，可知是让它成长，ABD三项不合句意，故选C。
【38题详解】
句意：一个好朋友不需要有很多钱或漂亮的外表，但他应该是善良和乐于助人的。
clever聪明的；kind好的/善良的；smart聪明的；strong强壮的。helpful有帮助的；and和，连接两个并列的形容词；根据句意语境可知ACD三项不合语境，好朋友“应该是善良和乐于助人的”，故选B。
【39题详解】
句意：例如，如果你有一个糟糕的一天，一个好朋友应该来和你待在一起，让你快乐。
happy高兴的；unhappy不高兴的；sad伤心的；bad坏的。根据上文“if you have a bad day如果你有一个糟糕的一天”，可知好朋友应该来安慰并让自己快乐起来，后面三项不合句意，故选A。
【40题详解】
句意：即使是最好的朋友也会有问题。
needs需要；questions问题，指困惑；problems问题，指困难；plans计划。根据下文举例“What should you do when you have fights with your friends当你和你的朋友吵架时，你应该怎么做”，可知是好朋友之间出现了问题，ABD三项不合句意语境，故选C。
【41题详解】
句意：你可以和他们谈谈，或者写封信向他们道歉。
sorry对不起；hello你好；thanks多谢；goodbye再见。say sorry to向……道歉；根据上文“when you have fights with your friends当你和你的朋友吵架时”，可知是建议向对方道歉，故选A。
【42题详解】
句意：首先，让他或她知道你的感受。
what什么，表事情；how怎样，表状况或方式；why为什么，表原因；that无实义。本句是宾语从句，根据“let him or her know让他或她知道”，可知是让对方知道你（吵架后）感觉如何，ACD三项不合句意，故选B。
【43题详解】
句意：第三，告诉他或她你做这个或那个的原因。
fact事实；question问题；way方式；reason原因。本句是why引导的定语从句，why表原因；根据“why you did this or that你为什么做这个或那个”，可知reason符合句意，故选D。
【44题详解】
句意：如果你以前没有朋友，你最好考虑有一个。
these这些，复指代词；one代指同类不同物的单数名词；this这个，单指代词；that那个，单指代词。ACD三项多用于指代上文提到的事物，根据上文“If you don’t have a friend before如果你以前没有朋友”，a friend不是确指，需用one替代，故选B。
【45题详解】
句意：正如你所知道的，友谊是你生活中最必要的东西。
boring无聊的；serious严肃的；funny有趣的；necessary必要的。根据下文“life will be greater if you have friends如果你有朋友，生活将会更美好”，可知友谊在我们生活中很重要，necessary符合句意，故选D。

（一）【2020•四川省乐山市中考】
Do you like exercising in the sun? How much sunlight do you get every day? How much time do you spend in the ___16___ ? As we all know，enough sunlight is good for our health. It gives us strong bones（骨骼）and good eyesight. It makes us happy and sleep better. Now scientists find out that it can even make you ___17___ .
Scientists did tests on mice. They give mice lots of sunlight. After that，the mice ___18___ a special thing named glutamic acid（谷氨酸）in their bodies. Glutamic acid does many things for our body. It can improve some of our abilities such as learning and remembering things.
It is OK to enjoy some sunlight for about an hour every day. But you should be ___19___ because it is summer now. The sun is very strong around noon. Keep yourself away from the sun around the noon, or it may ___20___ your skin（皮肤）. It is best to enjoy sunlight in the morning or before sunset.
Why not go out and enjoy the ___21___ with your family or your best friends? I'm sure you can be smarter soon.
16. A. moon B. sun C. night
17. A. smarter B. taller C. thinner
18. A. invent B. find C. produce
19. A. careful B. serious C. clever
20. A. shine B. burn C. dry
21. A. time B. air C. sunlight
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述阳光对人的健康有好处，而且让人变得更聪明，但是要注意夏天中午的强烈阳光伤害皮肤。
16.B【解析】句意：你在阳光下度过多少时间？moon月亮；sun太阳；night晚上。根据前文“exercising in the sun”可知此处用in the sun。故选B。
17.A【解析】句意：现在科学家发现它能使你更聪明。smarter更聪明的；taller更高；thinner更瘦的。根据后文“I'm sure you can be smarter”可知此处讲述的是让人更聪明，用形容词比较级smarter。故选A。
18.C【解析】句意：那之后，老鼠在体内产生了一种叫做谷氨酸的特别的东西。invent发明；find找到；produce生产,制造。此处用动词produce表达老鼠在体内产生谷氨酸。故选C。
19.A【解析】句意:但是你应该小心，因为现在是夏天。careful小心的；serious严肃的；clever聪明的。根据“because it is summer now. The sun is very strong around noon”可知夏天阳光很强要小心，用形容词careful。故选A。
20.B【解析】句意：让自己远离中午的太阳，否则它可能灼伤你的皮肤。shine照耀；burn燃烧，灼伤；dry干燥。根据前文“The sun is very strong around noon”中午的太阳很强烈，可能会灼伤你的皮肤，可知此处用burn。故选B。
21.C【解析】句意：为什么不出去，和你的家人或朋友享受阳光？time时间；air空气；sunlight阳光。根据前文讲述“enough sunlight is good for our health”可知此处用sunlight表示阳光。故选C。
（二）【2020 •四川省成都市中考】
Now people can pay by scanning(扫描）their faces while shopping. Is it ___16___ to pay by scanning other parts of our bodies? Amazon has a new technology that scans ___17___.
The technology can tell if the person is the right one by scanning his or her hand. The scanner examines things such as finger prints. It then sends a picture to a certain center which can decide who the person is.
In September 2019, Amazon made a payment system for a US supermarket. People can pay ___18___ by scanning their hands under a machine. Their hand scan is connected to their bank cards, so they can pay successfully. It's quite convenient, especially for ___19___ people. With this new technology, people ___20___take their cards with them. They just scan their hands.
16. A. possible B. important C. strange
17. A. eyes B. faces C. hands
18. A. usually B. simply C. really
19. A. old B. poor C. smart
20. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't
【文章大意】本文向我们介绍了亚马逊新开发的支付系统，可以通过扫描手进行支付。
16.A【解析】句意：有没有可能通过扫描我们身体的其他部位来支付呢？possible可能的；important重要的；strange奇怪的。分析上下文可知，此处表示目前人们可以通过面部识别技术进行支付，那么扫描其他部位可不可能进行支付呢？强调“可能的”，故选A。
17.C【解析】句意：亚马逊有一项扫描人手的新技术。eyes眼睛；faces面部；hands手。根据后文“The technology can tell if the person is the right one by scanning his or her hand.”可知，是通过扫描手部进行识别的。故选C。
18.B【解析】句意：人们只需在机器下面扫描自己的手就可以支付。usually通常；simply简单地；really真地。分析句子可知，此处表示“人们只需在机器下面扫描自己的手就可以支付”的含义，强调方式简单，其他两项语意不通。故选B。
19.A【解析】句意：它很方便，尤其是对老年人来说。old年老的；poor贫穷的；smart聪明的。根据前文“Their hand scan is connected to their bank cards, so they can pay successfully.”可知，他们的手扫描与他们的银行卡相连，所以他们可以成功支付，方式非常简单，所以适合老人使用，其他两项不符合语境。故选A。
20.C【解析】句意：有了这项新技术，人们就不需要随身携带信用卡了。mustn't禁止；can't不能；needn't不需要。分析上下文可知，这项技术只需扫描手即可完成支付，所以很方便，不需要随身携带信用卡了，此处强调必要性。故选C。
（三）【2020 •云南昆明中考】
Do you know what "paying it forward" means? It’s not paying for something before you buy it. "Paying it forward "is to do something nice for another person for no 36 . Then that person does something nice for someone else.
You may think this doesn’t seem like much. But this nice act can spread quite 37.
One day in December 2015, a woman was buying a meal at McDonald’s in Florida, US. She also 38 a meal for the person standing in line behind her. That person did the same thing, and the next person did it, 39. Soon, 250 people had done another person the act of 40!
But you 41 spend money to pay for it forward. There are examples of paying it forward every day like volunteering, giving food to 42 or doing something nice for someone around you.
Try it out for 43. All you have to do is to look for 44 things that you could do to make someone happy. Then, ask them to spread the word and do three kind things for someone else. And when someone does something nice for you, don’t 45 to do the same!
36. A space B. action C. reason
37. A. fast B. slowly C. hardly
38. A. made B bought C. sold
39. A. too B. either C. also
40.A madness B. politeness C. kindness
41.A. would like to B are supposed to C. don’t need to
42. the rich B. the homeless C. the missing
43. A myself B. yourself C. itself
44.A.small B. awful C. strange
45. agree B. forget C. decide
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章举例说明了什么叫paying it forward。那就是“一帮三”，将爱传递出去。
【解析】36. C考查介词短语辨析。 for no reason意为“毫无理由”。联系上下文“为别人做点好事”可推断出，无需回报，故选C。
37. A 考查副词辨析。 fast“快地；迅速地”；slowly“慢地 ”；hardly“几乎不”。联系下文的例子：很快250个人都在为另一个人做了相同的事情，故可推知，这种行为会传的很快，所以选A。
38. B 考查动词辨析。 根据上文“buying a meal”和下文的also可推断出，这个妇女也为站在她后边排队的人买饭，故选B。
39. A 考查副词辨析。too“也”，用于肯定句句末；either“也”，用于否定句句末；also“也”，用于句中。该句为肯定句句末，故选A。
40. C 考查名词辨析 。madness“疯狂”；politeness“礼貌”；kindness“善良”。联系上文可知，paying it forward就是把爱传递出去，这是一种善举。故选C。
41. C 考查固定搭配的用法辨析。would like to“想做……”；are supposed to “应该”；don’t need to“不需要”。根据下文中的volunteering可知，把爱传递出去是自愿的，故可推知，无需花钱，故选C。
42. B 考查短语辨析。 the rich“富人”；the homeless“无家可归的人”；the missing“迷路的人”。根据上文中的giving food可推断出，应该是给无家可归的人分发食物，故选B。
43. B 考查代词辨析。 联系下文“为别人做点力所能及的事情，并把它传递下去”可推断出，此处是号召大家要自己去试试，故选B，意为“你自己”。
44. A 考查形容词辨析。 small“小的”；awful“极坏的”；strange“奇怪的；陌生的”。联系下文的things that you could do“力所能及的事情”可推断出是小事，故选A。
45. B 考查动词辨析。 agree“同意”；forget“忘记”；decide“决定”。联系上文“当别人为你做了好事”和下文的do the same可推断出此处选B，即不要忘记去做同样的事。
（四）【2020·内蒙古通辽中考】
“We’re going to cut science class today. I know you want to come with us. Let’s go!” Maybe you’ve 26 one of the popular kids at school say something like this. So what do you do? Do you just give in and do what the other kids 27 , or do you go to class no matter what they say?
Situations like this often come up. And it is not easy to make your own 28 when your friends want to do something you’re not quite sure about. Sometimes, you feel you should do something because everyone else is doing it, and it is 29 to go against the majority. This is called “peer(同龄人) pressure” because peers are pressuring you to do what they want.
Some people give in to peer pressure because they want to be more popular. Some worry that others will make fun of them 30 they don’t go along with the group. The 31 that “everyone is doing it” makes them follow the crowd. Sometimes peer pressure can be 32 if your peers encourage you to be a better person. But most peer pressure pushes you to do something you don’t really want to do. And it affects almost everyone without exception. So what can you do to 33 it?
First of all, you should follow your own feelings and beliefs and be self-confident. When you are self-confident, you can say “no” to the people 34 to pressure you. It also helps to have a good friend who respects your beliefs. That way you won’t be 35 when you stand up to peer pressure.
26. A. made B. helped C. felt D. heard
27. A. complete B. control C. suggest D. avoid
28. A. friends B. rules C. search D. decision
29. A. slow B. hard C. clear D. useful
30. A. unless B. until C. if D. although
31. A. doubt B. idea C. hope D. promise
32. A. good B. common C. serious D. strong
33. A. free B. show C. deal with D. talk about
34. A. failing B. trying C. learning D. refusing
35. A. alone B. lucky C. quiet D. popular
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明同龄人的影响力以及相关的建议。
【解析】26.D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许你听过学校里一个受欢迎的孩子说过这样的话。根据前面引号里的内容可知，此处表示听说过别人说那些的话，故选D项。
27.C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你是会屈服，按照其他孩子的建议去做，还是不管他们说什么你都去上课?根据前面的... Let’s go!可知那是表示建议，故选C项。
28.D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你的朋友想要做一些你不太确定的事情时，你很难自己做决定。结合前文what do you do?和下文的do something可知这些属于一个人的决定，所以此处用短语make decisions (做决定) 。
29.B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时候，你觉得自己应该做一些事情，因为其他人都在做，很难违背大多数人的意愿。根据常识以及语境可知，其他人都做一件事，自己却违背大多数人的意愿，那可是难的事，故选B项。
30.C 考查连词词义辨析。句意：有些人担心如果他们不配合团队，其他人会取笑他们。此处表示一种情况，所以用假设，故选C项。
31.B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“每个人都在做”的想法让他们随大流。根据常识和语境可知everyone is doing it应该属于人们的主意/想法，故选B项。
32.A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时候，如果你的同辈鼓励你成为一个更好的人，同辈的压力可能是好的。根据后面的encourage you to be a better person，运用逻辑推断可知那是好的，故选A项。
33.C 考查动词和动词短语词义辨析。句意：那么你能做些什么来应对呢?根据下一段的说到如何做可知此处表示如何处理这问题，故选C项。
34.B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你自信的时候，你可以对那些试图强迫你的人说“不”。根据句意可知此处表示尝试那样做，故选B项。
35.A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这样，当你顶住来自同伴的压力时，你就不会孤单。前一句提到有朋友，再结合常识可知有朋友就不会感受到孤单，故选A项。
（五）【2020 •上海中考】
How to Succeed in High School
You have been familiar with the learning environment in your middle school , and it feels like home. So it is not always easy to say “ 75 ” to middle school.
After entering high school, you may face some new challenges. The schoolwork may become more difficult and require greater skills. Most students need support. Teachers and parents may give you a hand. However, you can’t 76 others all the time. What can you do? Here are some suggestions:
:Understand what kind of learner you are. Do you need silence to focus? Then make sure the TV is not on when you are studying. Provide yourself with a 77 learning environment at home. Some students focus better in the morning; others at night. Find the right 78 so that your efforts will work well.
·Learn to be better organized. It might be helpful when you get used to making a to-do-list of all your schoolwork, and checking each item off when it is completed. Try to 79 your work. This will create smaller, more manageable tasks out of the larger ones. Big projects seem less difficult if they are done step by step.
·Form good reading habits. Read every day — the more, the better. It doesn’t matter what you read. Reading newspaper regularly is a good choice. Newspapers provide plenty of details and background. 80 , information you get from newspapers is usually official and true.
High school life can be enjoyable. Old friendships might come undone and new ones will develop. Hope you will feel confident and perform well in high school!
75. A. hello B. bye-bye C. sorry D. thanks
76. A. care for B. depend on C. compete with D. worry about
77. A. warm B. clean C. quiet D. safe
78. A. time B. place C. habit D. skill
79. A .divide B. finish C. remember D. correct
80. A. For example B. In brief C. On average D. In addition
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了进入高中后，你可能会面临一些新的挑战。 课业可能变得更加困难。大多数学生需要支持，但又不能总是一直依赖别人。文章就如何顺利渡过这些难关提供了一些建议。
【解析】75. B 考查感叹词辨析。hello 喂；bye-bye再见；sorry对不起；thanks谢谢。固定搭配say hello to sb./sth.与……打招呼；say bye-bye to与……说再见；say sorry to 向……道歉；say thanks to 向……道谢。根据语境及句意马上就要离开初中升入高中了，对初中说再见是很不容易的。故选B。
76. B 考查动词短语辨析。care for 关心；depend on 依赖；compete with与...竞争；worry about担心。根据上一句“Teachers and parents may give you a hand.”，结合本句然而你不能一直依靠别人，逻辑上表示转折。故选C。
77. C 考查形容词辨析。warm 温暖；clean 干净；quiet 安静；safe安全。根据本段第一句中的关键词“silence”以及本句语境“Provide yourself with a 77 learning environment at home.”可推知此处是提供一个安静的学习环境，silence的近义形容词是quiet。故选D。
78. A 考查名词辨析。 time 时间；place地点；habit 习惯；skill技巧，技能。根据上一句“Some students focus better in the morning;others at night.”的关键词in the morning/at night推出下一句找准正确的时间。故选A。
79. A 考查动词辨析。divide 分开；finish 完成；remember 记住；correct订正。根据本段小标题“Learn to be better organized”以及后面上下文中的关键词“a to-do-list /smaller”及最后一句“Big projects seem less difficult if they are done step by step.”推知如作业太多，分开完成更好更高效。故选C。
80. D 考查介词+名词固定搭配。For example 举例；In brief 简言之；On average 平均，通常；In addition另外。根据上一句“Newspapers provide plenty of details and background.”本句讲了读报的一个好处，后一句讲了报纸的另一个好处，故中间的过渡短语应该是In addition符合题意。故选A。

（一）【2020 •安徽省合肥市二模】
Running is a good exercise. It helps____41____strong hearts and lungs（肺）.It also helps most people____42____and keep fit.
Running wasn't so popular____43____.In the 1960s, runners were mostly athletes（运动员）and healthy strong people. When people saw a runner, they used ____44____,"Hey, what's the hurry for?" or they might say to ____45____, "Is he crazy?" At that time, women almost ____46____ran.
But today all these have____47____.Men and women of all ages enjoy____48____. Early in the morning, at noon, or in the evening in big cities and in the countryside, all over the world, you can see people running-men and women, old and young. People run ____49____-along the beaches or river banks, in parks, down quiet streets in small towns or at the gym. Some people _____50_____run in their living room.
Now, if you are a sofa potato, please stand up and join running! You are sure to live a better life.
41. A. build B. builds C. building D. built
42. A. eat less B. put on weight C. lose weight D. exercise more
43. A. now B. all the time C. in the past D. from time to time
44. A. to say B. to ask C. to speak D. to talk
45. A. they B. them C. their D. themselves
46. A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. often
47. A. stopped. B. worked C. changed D. done
48. A. run B. running. C. laugh D. laughing
49. A. somewhere B. anywhere. C. everywhere D. nowhere
50. A. still B. even C. just D. only
【答案】41. A 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. D 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. C 50. B
【解析】本文主要讲述了跑步的好处，由以前的只有运动员跑步，到现在的人人都跑步，说明跑步现在很受欢迎。
【41题详解】
句意：它能帮助创建强健的心脏和肺。
build创建，动词原形；builds创建，动词三单形式；building创建，动词ing形式；built创建，动词过去式。帮助做某事help do. sth.，故动词用原形。故选A。
【42题详解】
句意：它也能帮助很多人减肥和保持健康。
eat less吃得少；put on weight增重；lose weight减肥；exercise more锻炼更多。根据常识，跑步能帮助人们减肥。故选C。
【43题详解】
句意：在过去，跑步没有这么流行。
now现在；all the time一直；in the past在过去；from time to time不时，时常。联系下文“In the 1960s, runners were mostly athletes（运动员）and healthy strong people.”20世纪60年代，跑步者大部分是运动员，可知，是在过去的意思。故选C。
【44题详解】
句意：当人们看见一个跑步者时，他们常常会问：“嘿，急什么呀？”
to say说，后跟说话内容；to ask问；to speak说，后跟说话方式或语言；to talk交谈。根据句意是指问跑步者。故选B。
【45题详解】
句意：或者他们可能和他们自己说，“他疯了么？”
they他们，主格；them他们，宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；themselves他们自己。根据句意，“他疯了么”，可知是他们对他们自己说。故选D。
【46题详解】
句意：在那时，女人从不跑步。
never从不；seldom很少；sometimes有时；often经常。联系下文“But today all these have changed.Men and women of all ages enjoy”，可知，如今所有都改变了，所有年龄的男人和女人都喜欢跑步，说明女人在那时不跑步。故选A。
【47题详解】
句意：但是现在，所有的这些都变了。
stopped停止；worked工作；changed改变；done做。联系下文“Men and women of all ages enjoy”男人女人都喜欢跑步，可知女人由不跑步到跑步，是发生了改变。故选C。
【48题详解】
句意：所有年龄的男人和女人都喜欢跑步。
run跑步，动词原形；running跑步，动词ing形式；laugh笑，动词原形；laughing笑，动词ing形式。根据句意表示所有年龄的男人和女人都喜欢跑步，喜欢做……enjoy doing sth.。故选B。
【49题详解】
句意：人们到处都跑——沿着沙滩或者河岸，在公园，在安静小镇的街道上或者体育馆。
somewhere某地；anywhere任何地方；everywhere每个地方，到处；nowhere任何地方都不。根据句意沿着沙滩或者河岸，在公园，在安静小镇的街道上或者体育馆。可知是每个地方，到处。故选C。
【50题详解】
句意：一些人甚至在起居室跑步。
still仍然；even甚至；just只是；only只是，仅仅。根据句意表示一些人甚至在起居室跑步。故选B。
（二）【2020 •安徽省芜湖市三模】
Life in the 22nd century will be different from life in the 21th century, because many changes will take place in the new century. But what will the changes be?
The population is ___31___ fast. There will be more and more people in the world and most of them will live ___32___ than before. ___33___ will be much smaller and more useful, and there will be at least one in every home. And computer studies will be one of the important subjects at ___34___.
People will work fewer hours than they did in the 21th century, and they will have more free time for sports, ___35___ TV and traveling. Traveling will be more ___36___. And many more people will go to other countries for holidays.
More land will be used for building new towns and houses. Then there will be less room for cows and sheep, so ___37___ will be more expensive. Maybe no one will eat it every day, ___38___ they eat more vegetables and fruit. Maybe people will be healthier.
Work in the future will be ___39___, too. Dangerous and hard work will be done by robots. ___40___ of this, many people will not have enough work to do. This will be a problem.
31. A. making B. growing C. running D. doing
32. A. longer B. shorter C. faster D. taller
33. A. Trains B. Cars C. Computers D. Houses
34. A. factory B. hospital C. farm D. school
35. A. watching B. seeing C. 1ooking D. buying
36. A. interesting B. convenient C. expensive D. difficult
37. A. fruit B. milk C. meat D. bread
38. A. instead B. sometimes C. still D. however
39. A. dangerous B. difficult C. heavy D. different
40. A. One B. Some C. Because D. All
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. C
【解析】文章主要对未来22世纪生活的畅想。人口快速增长，人们的工作时间缩短，有更多的时间旅游，更多的陆地被用来建房子，机器人将做危险的、难的工作，许多人将没有工作可做。
【31题详解】
句意：人口快速增长。
考查动词辨析。making制作；growing增长；running跑；doing做；根据There will be more and more people in the world 世界上将会有越来越多的人，可知人口快速增长；故选B。
【32题详解】
句意：他们多数人将会比以前活的更长。
考查形容词辨析。longer更长；shorter更短；faster更快；taller更高；根据科技的不断发展，可知人类会活的更长；故选A。
【33题详解】
句意：电脑将会小得多、有用的多。
考查名词辨析。trains火车；cars汽车；computers电脑；houses房子；根据后句computer studies will be one of the important subjects电脑学习将会是重要的课程之一；可知是“电脑”；故选C。
【34题详解】
句意：电脑学习在学校将会是重要的课程之一。
考查名词辨析。factory工厂；hospital医院；farm农场；school学校；根据one of the important subjects重要的课程之一，可知是“在学校”；故选D。
【35题详解】
句意：他们将会有更多的时间运动、看电视和旅游。
考查动词辨析。watching观看；seeing看见；1ooking看；buying买；根据have more free time 有更多的业余时间，以及 TV，应该是watch TV看电视；故选A。
【36题详解】
句意：旅游将会更方便。
考查形容词辨析。interesting有趣的；convenient方便的；expensive昂贵的；difficult困难的；根据many more people will go to other countries for holidays许多人将出国旅游，可知旅游方便了；故选B。
【37题详解】
句意：因此，肉将会更贵。
考查名词辨析。fruit水果；milk牛奶；meat肉；bread面包；根据 there will be less room for cows and sheep将会有更少的空间给牛和羊，可知肉会少，所以贵；故选C。
【38题详解】
句意：也许不能每天吃它，而是吃更多的水果和蔬菜。
考查副词辨析。instead代替；sometimes有时；still仍然；however然而； Maybe no one will eat it every day也许人们不能每天吃肉，所以取而代之的是水果和蔬菜；故选A。
【39题详解】
句意：在未来工作也会不一样。
考查形容词辨析。dangerous危险的；difficult困难的；heavy重的；different不同的；根据Dangerous and hard work will be done by robots危险的繁重的工作让机器人来做，可知未来的工作也与现在的工作不一样；故选D。
【40题详解】句意：因为这，许多人将会没有工作可做。
考查连词辨析。one一个；some一些；because因为；all所有； Dangerous and hard work will be done by robots.危险的繁重的工作让机器人来做，和many people will not have enough work to do许多人江没有工作可做；可知表示原因；故选C。
（三）【2020 •安徽省芜湖市三模】
A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night. They turn off the lights, pull up the covers and___41___ their eyes. Several hours later, they ___42___ again. Strange, isn’t it?
Sleep puzzles science. Scientists and doctors would rather talk about why one can’t fall asleep. They are not so sure ___43___ causes sleep.The best conditions for sleep are good health and meal which is ___44___ too big nor too small. No worries and a comfortable place can help you fall asleep___45___.They don’t think it’s good for two people to sleep in one bed.
Strange things happen during sleep. For example, you move often. You would feel ___46___if you didn’t. You also dream. Parts of your brain are still ___47___when you dream. Dreaming happens when the ___48___and imagination parts of your brain are still awake. In your dream, you can see things that happened ___49___or people you met before and you might even see things that never happen or people you never meet in your real life. Many scientists say ___50___ have shown that most of us dream in colour. Bad dreams may be caused by a stomachache. Don’t worry if you dream. Some great stories and poems were begun while the writers slept.
41. A. close B. open C. opened D. closed
42. A. get on B. wake up C. fall asleep D. go to bed
43. A. who B. whom C. what D. which
44. A. both B. none C. either D. neither
45. A. slowly B. heavily C. hardly D. easily
46. A. sad B. tired C. angry D. excited
47. A. away B. asleep C. awake D. afraid
48. A. memory B. education C. attention D. knowledge
49. A. on holiday B. in the past C. in the future D. at the moment
50. A. pictures B. newspaper C. experiments D. suggestions
【答案】41. A 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. D 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. C
【解析】文章主要介绍了关于睡眠的一些问题和现象。
【41题详解】
句意：他们关灯，盖上被子，闭上眼睛。
考查动词辨析。close闭上；open打开；opened打开（过去式）；closed闭上（过去式）；根据They turn off the lights, pull up the covers他们关灯，盖上被子，可知要睡觉，所以是闭上眼，和 turn off 是顺承关系，所以用一般现在时态；故选A。
【42题详解】
句意：几个小时后，他们又醒了。
考查动词短语。get on上（车，船）；wake up醒来；fall asleep入睡；go to bed睡觉；根据上文闭眼睡觉，可知几小时后应该是醒来；故选B。
43题详解】
句意：他们不确定什么导致的睡眠。
考查连词。who谁；whom谁（宾格）；what什么；which哪一个；Scientists and doctors would rather talk about why one can’t fall asleep. 科学家和医生宁愿讨论一个人为什么不睡觉，可知是他们不知道什么导致的睡眠；故选C。
【44题详解】
句意：最好的睡眠条件是良好的健康和不多也不少的饮食。
考查连词。both两者都；none没有一个（三者以上）；either两者之一；neither两者都不；neither...nor...既不……也不……；好的睡眠应该是吃的饭不多也不少；故选D。
【45题详解】
句意：没有担忧和一个舒适的地方也能帮你容易入睡。
考查副词辨析。slowly慢地；heavily重地；hardly几乎不；easily容易地；根据a comfortable place一个舒服的地方，可知容易入睡；故选D。
【46题详解】
句意：你如果不动，你会感觉累。
考查形容词辨析。sad伤心的；tired劳累的；angry生气的；excited激动的；根据常识，可知如果一个姿势睡觉，会感觉累；故选B。
【47题详解】
句意：当你做梦的时候，你的大脑有一部分仍然醒着。
考查形容词辨析。away离开；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的；afraid害怕；根据Dreaming happens when the 　　　8　　　and imagination parts of your brain are still awake.梦发生时，你大脑中记忆和想象部分依然是醒着的；故选C。
【48题详解】
句意：梦发生时，你大脑中记忆和想象部分依然是醒着的。
考查名词辨析。memory记忆；education教育；attention注意力；knowledge知识；根据you can see things that happened 　　　9　　　or people you met before你能看见以前发生的事情或者是以前见到的人，可知是“记忆部分醒着”；故选A。
【49题详解】
句意：你能看见以前发生的事情或者是以前见到的人。
考查介词短语。on holiday在假期；in the past在过去；in the future在未来；at the moment此刻；根据上句记忆部分醒着，可知是过去发生的事情；故选B。
【50题详解】句意：许多科学家说，实验证明我们多数人的梦是彩色的。
考查名词辨析。pictures图片；newspape报纸；experiments实验；suggestions建议；根据many scientists say许多科学家说，可知实验表明；故选C。
（四）【2020 •福建省泉州市中考二模】


The Hollies are a British rock group. They once sang. "All I need is the air that I breathe." The ___16___ could have been referring to air plants. There are more than 650 types of air plants. All of them can grow ___17___ soil.
Air plants get all the water and what else they need through their leaves. They use their roots only for ___18___ themselves to rocks, trees and the ground.
Air plants are easy to grow. They are perfect for ___19___ who don't have much time to care for their houseplants. However, there are still a few rules to ___20___ when growing air plants. One of the most important things is - air! Fresh and clean air keeps your plants happy. ___21___ they are called "air plants", they still need water, fertilizer(肥料)and light to live. Air plants need a little water two to three times a week. They need nutrients ___22___ -that is to say, they should be fertilized once in several days. ___23___ sunlight is very necessary, too. Although air plants love warm weather, most of them need protection from full sun. If taken good care of, they will live for over ten years.
Air plants can clean air and they are usually ___24___ simple art at home, for they can grow almost everywhere, except in soil or in water. They are often placed in glass containers and ____25____ up in the rooms. Each air plant will flower once in its lifetime. Its flowering can last from some days to many months.
16. A. story B. song C. report
17. A. in B. under C. without
18. A. fixing B. sending C. blowing
19. A. them B. those C. that
20. A. compare B. choose C. follow
21. A. While B. Until C. When
22. A. daily B. weekly C. yearly
23. A. Enough B. Little C. Hot
24. A. made of B. divided into C. made into
25. A. hung B. hanged C. hanging
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. C 21. A 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A
【解析】文章介绍的是空气植物，它们没有土也能长的好，适合没有太多时间照料室内植物的人种植。
【16题详解】
句意：这首歌可能指的是空气植物。
story故事；song歌曲；report报告；根据句意理解及前句They once sang. “All I need is the air that I breathe.”可知，这里表达的是“歌曲”，故选B。
【17题详解】
句意：它们都可以无土生长。
in在……里面；under在……下方；without没有；根据句意理解及后文for they can grow almost everywhere, except in soil or in water.可知，这里表达的是“没有土壤”，故选C。
【18题详解】
句意：它们的根只是用来固定在岩石、树木和地面上。
fixing固定；sending发送；blowing吹；根据句意理解及后句themselves to rocks, trees and the ground可知，这里表达的是“固定”，故选A。
【19题详解】
句意：它们非常适合那些没有太多时间照顾室内植物的人。
them他们；those那些；that那个；根据句意理解及后句who don’t have much time to care for their houseplants.可知，这里是一个定语从句，空格缺的是先行词，所以能够做先行词的是those，故选B。
【20题详解】
句意：然而，在种植空中植物时，仍有一些规则要遵循。
compare比较；choose选择；follow遵循；根据句意理解及前句there are still a few rules可知，这里说的是“遵循规则”，故选C。
【21题详解】
句意：虽然它们被称为“空气植物”，但它们仍然需要水、肥料和光来生存。
While虽然；Until直到；When当……时；根据句意理解及句子结构分析可知，they are called “air plants”与they still need water, fertilizer(肥料)and light to live两句之间是让步关系，所以这里应该表达的是“虽然”，引导的是让步状语从句，故选A。
【22题详解】
句意：它们每周都需要养分。
daily每日；weekly每周；yearly每年；根据句意理解及后句they should be fertilized once in several days可知，这里表达的是“每周”，故选B。
【23题详解】
句意：充足的阳光也是非常必要的。
Enough足够的；Little少量，几乎没有；Hot热的；根据句意理解及前文they still need water, fertilizer(肥料)and light to live.以及后句Although air plants love warm weather可知，这里表达的是“充足的阳光”，故选A。
【24题详解】
句意：空气植物可以净化空气，在家里通常被做成简单的艺术品。
made of由……制成；divided into把……分成；made into制成……；根据句意理解及空格后simple art at home可知，这里表达的是“制成简单的艺术品”，故选C。
【25题详解】
句意：它们通常被放在玻璃容器里，挂在房间里。
hung悬挂，过去式或过去分词；hanged绞死，过去式或过去分词；hanging悬挂，现在分词或动名词；根据句意理解及前句They are often placed in glass containers可知，这里说的是空气植物挂在房间里，所以主语与动词之间是被动关系，所以这里应该用过去分词，故选A。
（五）【2020 •广州省珠海市香洲区中考二模】
Technology and digital development have changed people’s living styles these years. People show all kinds of things on the Internet which_____1_____ their interests, such as good food, nice clothes and so on. Among all the activities, now showing___2___ steps is becoming more and more popular.
People are finding it important to be in good health. To keep_____3_____, many people go to work on foot. When they are walking, the step counter app in_____4_____ phones can record how many steps they walk that day. After walking, some people show themselves off on WeChat. This can make them____5____ from each other and keep exercising.
“This helps me to exercise much and keep a good habit,” Miss Liu said. “I can also talk about
______6______ to keep fit with my friends on WeChat. We are in the same group to encourage each other to keep exercising.”
Mr.Wu likes to exercise. But in the past he was_____7_____ lazy and didn’t want to exercise every day. “After I use the step counter app, everything is different. Sometimes there are prizes for
_____8_____walk more steps. I really like it,” he said.
“Walking is_____9_____ useful and relaxing way to exercise. Both the old and the young like it. ”Mr. Wang, a_____10_____ teacher said. “Recording the steps helps people develop a good habit of walking and showing the result can inspire people to be more interested in walking.
1. A. are based B. is based C. basing D. are basing
2. A. a number of B. the numbers of C. the number of D. numbers of
3. A. heal B. health C. healthy D. healthily
4. A. they B. them C. theirs D. their
5. A. to learn B. learn C. learning D. learnt
6. A. what B. how C. why D. where
7. A. kind of B. different kinds of C. a kind of D. kinds of
8. A. ones who B. those who C. ones which D. those that
9. A. an B. / C. a D. the
10. A. 30 year old B. 30-years-old C. 30-year-olds D. 30-year-old
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D
【解析】这篇短文主要讲述了科学技术的发展，人们开始在互联网上展示各种各样的东西，本文介绍了通过计步软件人们相互展示和鼓励去保持锻炼的事情。表达了科技对我们生活的重要影响。
【1题详解】
句意：人们在网上展示各种各样的东西是以他们的兴趣为基础的。
are based为基础，主语是复数形式； is based 为基础，主语是单数；basing 基础，动名词；are basing基础，现在进行时。主语是展示的东西，故此用被动语态，先词词是all kinds of things是复数，be动词用复数are。故选A。
【2题详解】
句意：在所有的活动中，现在显示步数越来越流行。
a number of 许多，大量；the numbers of 错误语法；the number of ……的数目；numbers of语法错误。根据“such as good food, nice clothes and so on. Among all the activities, ”可知，这里是展示走步子的数量。这里用the numbers of…表示……的数量。故选C。
【3题详解】
句意：为了保持健康，许多人步行去上班。
heal治愈；health健康；healthy健康的；healthily健康地。根据上文“People are finding it important to be in good health. ”可知，这里是保持健康，keep连系动词，后加形容词。keep healthy保持健康。故选C。
【4题详解】
句意：当他们走路的时候，手机里的步数计数器应用程序可以记录下他们当天走了多少步。
they 他们；主格；them 他们，宾格；theirs 他们，名词性物主代词；their他们的，形容词性物主代词。这里是形容词性的物主代词作定语，修饰phones。根据上文“When they are walking”可知，这里是说他们的手机。故选D。
【5题详解】
句意：这可以让他们互相学习，不断锻炼。
to learn学习，动词不定式； learn了解，动词原形； learning学习，现在分词；learnt学习，过去式。make sb. do sth.表示使某人做某事；learn from…向……学习。这里彼此相互学习。故选B。
【6题详解】
句意：我也可以在微信上和朋友们聊聊如何健身。
what 什么； how 怎样；why 为什么；where 在哪。这里是疑问词+to do的形式，这里是如何保持健康，这里用how。故选B。
【7题详解】
句意：但过去他有点懒，不想每天锻炼。
kind of 副词，有点，修饰形容词或副词；different kinds of 不同种类的；a kind of 一种； kinds of各种各样的。根据下文“and didn’t want to exercise every day. ”可知，是说他过去有点懒。kind of…有点……。故选A
【8题详解】
句意：有时，对走得更远的人有奖品。
这里是说对于走的更远的人有奖品。这里是定语从句，那些人们我们用those来表示，排除AC；先行词是指人。关系词用用who；排除D；故选B。
【9题详解】
句意：散步是一种有益且放松的锻炼方式。
这里表示一种放松和有用的方式。这里表示泛指。useful是以辅音音素开头的，用不定冠词a。故选C。
【10题详解】
句意：30岁的王老师说。“记录这些步子有助于人们养成良好的步行习惯，并展示结果可以激发人们对步行更感兴趣。
30 year old 语法错误；30-years-old 语法错误； 30-year-olds 语法错误； 30-year-old30岁的。这里是符合形容词作定语，修饰teacher，用30-year-old，a 30-year-old teacher一位30岁的老师。故选D。
（六）【2020 •山东省青岛市莱西市中考一模】

If you’re a teen who thinks you need expensive gym membership to get into shape, think again. You likely have all the equipment you need right in your own ___1___.
Your home is full of opportunities to develop your muscles and get fit. Start early in the morning to refresh yourself and you'll be full of energy all day. ___2___ you get out of bed, move the pillow from under your head and do a set of 20 sit-ups. With your heart beating ___3___, get up and do 20 jumping jacks (开合跳). Stretch (伸展) for five minutes to further ___4___ up your muscles, and then run slowly in place for a full minute.
Besides, add weight exercise to your daily exercise for ___5___ calories. Place weights (哑铃) on the floor in front of your feet. Keep your back straight and your head up, bend your knees and pick up the weights for an overhead press. Bend your arms and push the weights straight ___6___ your head. Lower the weights to shoulder ___7___ and then lift and lower them for 8 to 12 times.
Don't get bored with your home workout ___8___ doing the same exercises for too long. Pick up a jump rope and ___9___ for two minutes. With your heart beating faster, run in place for ____10____ two minutes. Drop to the floor and do "spidermen". Place your hands on the floor under your shoulders and stretch your legs out behind you with the weight on your toes.
Try these indoor activities and get fit!
From: https: //www.livestrong.com
1. A. home B. school C. classroom D. hand
2. A. When B. Until C. Before D. After
3. A. higher B. harder C. less D. louder
4. A. look B. stay C. warm D. put
5. A. recycling B. helping C. inventing D. burning
6. A. along B. above C. inside D. beside
7. A. height B. body C. weight D. size
8. A. without B. to C. instead D. by
9. A. swim B. lie C. jump D. relax
10. A. other B. more C. else D. another
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. D
【解析】文章介绍的是在家做运动的几种运动方式。
【1题详解】
句意：你可能在自己家里就有你需要的所有设备。
home家；school学校；classroom教室；hand手；根据后文Your home is full of opportunities to develop your muscles and get fit.可知，这里指的是“家”，故选A。
【2题详解】
句意：起床前，把枕头从头下挪开，做20个仰卧起坐。
When当……时；Until直到……；Before在……之前；After在……以后；根据句意理解及空格后的句子you get out of bed, move the pillow from under your head and do a set of 20 sit-ups.可知，这里表达的是“在……之前”，做完这些运动之后，下文提到了起床，故选C。
【3题详解】
句意：随着你的心跳加速，站起来做20个开合跳。
higher更高的；harder更努力的；less更少的；louder更大声的；根据句意理解及前句move the pillow from under your head and do a set of 20 sit-ups可知，这里表达的是“随着心跳加速”，这里应该用harder表示，故选B。
【4题详解】
句意：伸展5分钟，进一步热身肌肉。
look看；stay停留；warm加热；put放；根据句意理解及后句up your muscles, and then run slowly in place for a full minute.可知，这里说的是让肌肉“热身”，英语是warm up，故选C。
【5题详解】
句意：在日常运动中加入举重运动来燃烧卡路里。
recycling循环；helping帮助；inventing发明；burning燃烧；根据句意理解及前句的add weight exercise to your daily exercise以及空格后的calories可知，这里表达的是“燃烧卡路里”，故选D。
【6题详解】
句意：弯曲你的手臂，把重物举过头顶。
along沿着；above在……上方；inside在内部；beside在……旁边；根据句意理解及前句bend your knees and pick up the weights for an overhead press可知，这里表达的是“在头上方”，故选B。
【7题详解】
句意：将哑铃放低至肩高，然后升降8至12次。
height高度；body身体；weight重量；size大小；根据句意理解及前文Besides, add weight exercise to your daily exercise for ___5___ calories. Place weights (哑铃) on the floor in front of your feet.可知，这里表达的是“肩膀的高度”，故选A。
【8题详解】
句意：不要因为长时间做同样的运动而厌倦你的家庭锻炼。
without没有；to朝，向；instead代替；by通过；根据句意理解及空格后的doing the same exercises for too long可知，这里表达的是通过这种方式，所以应该用by，故选D。
【9题详解】
句意：拿起跳绳跳两分钟。
swim游泳；lie躺；jump跳；relax放松；根据句意理解及前句Pick up a jump rope可知，这里表达的是“跳”，故选C。
【10题详解】
句意：心跳加快，原地再跑两分钟。
other其他的，后接复数名词；more更多的，再，结构是“数词+more”；else其他；another另一个，再，结构是“another+数词”；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“再两分钟”，这里符合“another+数词”的结构，故选D。