江苏省南京市鼓楼区2021-2023年中考英语一模试题分类汇编：阅读理解

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江苏省南京市鼓楼区
2021-2023年中考英语一模试题分类汇编
阅读理解
2023年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考一模英语试卷
三、阅读理解（共 15 小题;每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下列材料，从材料后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项、并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Student Volunteers Needed!
On Wednesday, May 3rd, from 10 a. m. until 4 p. m. , Moonlight Middle School will hold a
music festival in the school gym. The special event will feature a variety of professional
musicians and singers.
Task Time Date
Make posters 1 p. m. —4 p. m. April 26th
Set up gym 11 a. m. —4 p. m. May 2nd
Help performers 9 a. m. —4 p. m. May 3rd
Welcome guests 10 a. m. —2 p. m. May 3rd
Clean up gym 4 p. m. —7 p. m. May 3rd
Interested students should speak with Ms. Lin, the music teacher. Students who would like to help at the festival must have written permission from a parent.
26. What time will the festival begin?
A. At 10 a. m. B. At 11 a. m. C. At 1 p. m. D. At 2 p. m.
27. What job will be done the day before the festival starts?
A. Making posters. B. Setting up the gym.
C. Cleaning up the gym. D. Helping the performers.
28. Who needs to talk to Ms. Lin?
A. Parents. B. Students. C. Teachers. D. Performers.
B
Snow forests make up about 30% of the world's total forest areas. These wonderful woodlands are not as famous as the Amazon or other rainforests but they are very important for Earth's health.
Snow forests are found in the far north of the world, in areas that are quite cold and usually have a lot of snowfall. They run for thousands of miles and cover about 17% of Earth's total land area.
Snow forests have very cold winters that can last up to six months but even so, they are home to many kinds of animals, including foxes, hares, mice, moose, reindeer and wolves.
These woodlands have an important job—helping to absorb(吸收)carbon-based gases, which can cause climate change. However, snow forests are facing several dangers. Trees, are being cut down faster and faster for their wood, which can be used for building. Some forests are being cleared to make space for new roads and houses, or to allow coal mining and oil and gas industries to grow. This leads to less and less living space for wildlife. As the world gets warmer and weather changes, the risk of fires in snow forests rises. In recent years, Canada and Russia have seen very dangerous fires.
Environmental and wildlife groups around the world are working hard to make snow forests protected areas. This means that logging is not allowed or controlled in some areas and the forests are seen as areas of special scientific interest. When wood is needed, tree replanting and careful forest management help to reduce the bad influence. Hopefully this means that the forest is managed in a way that it can survive and regrow.
29. According to this passage, what do we know about snow forests?
A They are at the southern end of the earth.
B. They cover about 30% of Earth's land area.
C. They are not as important as the rainforests.
D. They provide living areas for many wild animals.
30. Which is NOT the danger that snow forests are facing?
A. The trees are being cut down. B. Some forests are being cleared.
C. The winters are colder than before. D. The risk of fires is rising greatly.
31. What does logging in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A. Cutting down trees. B. Burning the forest.
C. Building roads and houses. D. Hunting wild animals.
C
“Did you see that?”Joe said to his friend Bill.
“You're a great shooter!”
Bill caught the basketball and bounced it before throwing it again. The ball flew into the net.
“Bill, you never miss!” Joe said admiringly.
“Unless I'm in a real game, ”Bill complained. “Then I miss all the time. ”
Joe knew that Bill was right. Bill performed much better when he was having fun with Joe in the school yard than he did when he was playing for the school team in front of a large crowd.
“Maybe you just need to practice more, ”Joe suggested.
“But I practice all the time with you!" Bill disagreed. He shook his head, “I just can't play well when people are watching me. ”
"You play well when I'm watching, " Joe pointed out.
“That's because I've known you since we were five years old, ” Bill said with a smile.
“I'm just not comfortable playing when other people are around. ”
Joe nodded and understood, but he also had an idea.
The next day Joe and Bill met in the school yard again to practice. After a few minutes, Joe excused himself.
“Practice without me, ”Joe said to his friend. “I'll be back in a minute. ”
Joe hurried through the school building, gathering together whomever he could find—two students, a maths teacher, two secretaries, and a janitor. When Joe explained why he needed them, everyone was happy to help.
Joe reminded the group to stay quiet as they all went toward the school's basketball court. As Joe had hoped, Bill was still practicing basketball. He made five baskets in a row without noticing the silent people standing behind him.
“Hey, Bill!” Joe called out finally.
Bill turned. A look of surprise came over his face.
“I just wanted to show you that you could play well with people watching you, ” Joe said.
“Now you'll have nothing to worry about for the next game!”
32. What would be the best title for the story?
A. Two Basketball Lovers B. Practice Makes Perfect
C. Bill Wins the Big Game D. Bill's Basketball Problem
33. Why is Bill unhappy?
A. His team loses too many important games.
B. Joe watches him too closely when he plays.
C. The school yard is not a good place to practice.
D. He plays better in practice than he does during games.
34. Why does Joe decide to gather a group of people?
A. Because he wants to show them his talent.
B. Because he wants more players for his team.
C. Because he wants to help Bill feel less nervous.
D. Because he wants more people to see the next game.
35. Why does the group have to stay quiet?
A. Because Bill likes to practice alone.
B. Because Joe is telling Bill what to do.
C. Because the group needs to listen to Joe's instructions.
D. Because they do not want Bill to know they were there.
D
One of America's best-known and most-loved authors is Louisa May Alcott. She wrote poems, plays, short stories, and books. For over a hundred years, her works have been popular among both adults and children. How did Alcott become a famous writer?
Born in 1832, Alcott grew up in Massachusetts with her three sisters. When she was very young, she loved to write. She would think up wonderful stories that she turned into plays. Alcott and her sisters acted out the dramas. Alcott always played the most exciting parts: ghosts, bandits, and evil queens. She also loved playing and wandering outdoors. In fact, she was considered quite a “tomboy” . In those days, girls were expected to be ladylike, which meant mostly sitting around looking pretty. This was not Alcott's way! She once said that no boy could be her friend until she had beaten him in a race. Girls had to climb trees and leap fences with her if they wanted to be her friends.
Alcott's family was poor. At age fifteen, Alcott decided to help out. However, it was not easy for women to find work in the 19th century. Alcott worked at any job she could find. She took care of children, she taught, and she washed laundry for other people.
Alcott's love of writing was always an important part of her. She wrote from her own life experiences and from her imagination. During the Civil War, Alcott volunteered to work as a nurse. She wrote about this work in her book Hospital Sketches. She also wrote thrillers(惊悚小说)that were full of suspense. When her publisher asked her to write a book for girls.
Alcott turned to her own life.
It was then, in 1868, that she wrote what was to become her most popular book, Little Women. The novel is set in New England during the Civil War. It tells the story of four sisters growing up. The family is very similar to the Alcotts. The book's main character, Jo, is based on Alcott herself. Like Alcott, Jo is a determined young woman with a mind of her own. The book was an instant success. It is still popular today and has been made into a movie. Alcott also wrote children's books with boys as the main characters. This was the case in two other Alcott books, Little Men and Jo's Boys.
Early in her career someone once told Alcott that she should give up writing and “stick to teaching” . It is lucky that Alcott paid no attention to this misguided person. She knew what she wanted to do with her life—and she did it!
36. Which words in Paragraph 2 help readers know what the word dramas means?
A. turned into plays B. loved to write
C. grew up in Massachusetts D. wandering outdoors
37. Which question does Paragraph 3 answer?
A. Where did Alcott go to work?
B. How did Alcott help her family?
C. What subject did Alcott teach at school?
D. Why was it difficult for women to find work?
38. In Paragraph 5, why are the words Little Men and Jo's Boys written like this?
A. To make the words easier to read.
B. To show that they are titles of books.
C. To make them more interesting to readers.
D. To show that they are different from other books.
39. What is the MOST likely the reason why the author included the last paragraph?
A. To explain why some people should not give advice.
B. To advise readers to read more about: 'Louisa May Alcott's life.
C. To show that Louisa May Alcott got what she wanted out of life.
D. To encourage readers to write stories about their own experiences.
40. What would be a good online search for this question: How did Alcott's family influence her writing?
A. Modern Women Writers
B. Novels and Movies: Little Women
C. Putting Together Life and Writing: Alcott
D. The Complete Works of Louisa May Alcott

2022年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考一模英语试卷
三、阅读理解（共 15 小题;每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下列材料，从材料后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项、并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A

Here’s how to make your own returning boomerang out of cardboard. You will need: tracing paper, pencil, cardboard, scissors, white glue, coloured markers.


1. Trace the outline of the blade pattern at right onto tracing paper. Then cut out the pattern.

2. Put the pattern over the cardboard and draw around it.

3. Repeat Step 2 and then cut out the two cardboard blades.

4 Put one blade on top of the other so they form an X-shape and glue them together at the centre.

5. Decorate your boomerang with coloured markers.

6. Fold up the ends of each cardboard strip about one inch from the end of each blade.
Flying Tips:

1. Find an open area outdoors away from other people.
2. Hold your boomerang vertically so the curved tips bend toward you.
3. Throw the boomerang with a quick snap of your wrist using just a little force.
4. Adjust the folds and practice your throw to make the boomerang fly better.
Dictionary: boomerang 回飞镖; trace描摹; blade镖刃; vertically垂直地; adjust调整
26. Which item is also used in Step l of “Make a Boomerang”?
A. Cardboard. B. Scissors. C. White glue. D. Coloured markers.
27. What will a boomerang be like if Step 5 is missing?
A. It won’t fly back. B. It will be in X-shape.
C. It will look very common. D. It won’t be heavy enough.
28. What does the writer give “Flying Tips” for?
A. To tell how to make a boomerang. B. To tell what a boomerang looks like.
C. To tell what materials will be needed. D. To tell how to throw and use a boomerang
B
The Distant Talking Drum

From deep in the rain forest
The sound of a distant talking drum I hear—
Far away, far away.
For me it calls.
Clearly it calls
For me to dance,
For men to dance,
For women to dance,
For children to dance

And the sound of the distant drum
Echoes（回响） through the rain forest.
The distant talking drum
Is calling across the mighty（辽阔的）rain forest
For me to come,
For me to dance.
Now the sound of sweet songs
I hear.
Beautifully they flow!

And the distant talking drum
Is still calling
Far away, far away.
Clearly it calls
For me to come,
For me to dance.
So across the rain forest,
The wide, wild, and wonderful rain forest,
I go!
29. Which feeling does “The Distant Talking Drum” create?
A. Fear. B. Sadness. C. Surprise. D. Excitement.
30. How is the drum most like a person?
A. It makes people dance. B. It echoes through the forest.
C. It communicates with people. D. It makes the sound of sweet songs.
31. Based on information in the poem what will probably happen?
A. The drums will no longer echo. B. Men, women, and children will dance.
C. Animals will run away in all directions. D. The rain forest will soon be quiet again.
C
I work at a US university where my team and I are trying to learn more about water birds, especially one called the American black duck. And we’ve just started using an exciting piece of equipment called a “night-vision scope”, which allows us to see the ducks in the dark!
We’re worried about black ducks mainly because their numbers have fallen hugely and we don’t know whether there’s enough food on the east coast for these animals. There’s lots of information about their daytime activities, but nothing about what they do at night, because we simply haven’t had the equipment. But this new “scope” will produce really clear pictures, even on moonless nights, so we’ll be able to find out more and make better decisions about looking after the area where they live based on what we learn.
It is very hard work. There are four of us, each working six hours daily. We’ve studied ducks in different locations, and I’ve had to take a boat to some places and make notes on every duck I see. The weather hasn’t helped—some nights are warm, but more often it’s wet. Oh, and it’s so quiet I’ve needed lots of coffee to stop me falling asleep! We’ve only missed one working day so far, because the snow was too deep even for our special snow vehicles.
Still I like the challenge of it, especially compared to what the summer will bring-hours in a lab, where we’ll look at our results together. It’ll be hard to stay and work for long hours inside—but it’s necessary to do this. And I wouldn’t change it for anything!
32. What is the writer doing in the text?
A. He’s describing how he became a wildlife biologist.
B. He’s giving a report of success he’s had in his work.
C. He’s explaining how he is doing a piece of research.
D. He’s suggesting how readers can learn about one type of bird.
33. What is the writer hoping to discover about American black ducks?
A. What their actions are like after dark.
B. Which kind of food they need to live on.
C. Which animals cause the fall in their numbers.
D. What makes the east coast a suitable place for them.
34. When the writer spends long time watching ducks, he ________.
A. sometimes finds it difficult to stay awake
B. finds there’s enough to do to keep his interest
C. dislikes having to deal with low temperatures
D. is glad to have the chance to work in a quiet place
35. What does the writer say about working inside a lab over the summer?
A. He’s looking forward to studying his results.
B. He accepts that it’s a necessary part of his job.
C. He’s happy he’ll be working with other people.
D. He feels pleased that he’ll avoid the hot weather.
D
It’s not easy having Graham for a last name. Our family gets teased(被取笑) a lot. One day my daughter, Elise, got tired of being called “graham cracker”. So she told everybody at school that her Uncle Sylvester invented graham crackers(全麦饼干). They laughed.
Today we have graham crackers because of Elise’s great-great-great-great-great-uncle! He was born in 1794—a sickly boy named Sylvester Graham, who had no parents to care for him. He grew up wishing he were strong and healthy. He watched people swallow(大口吃) their food. Piles of fried potatoes. Plates of red meat. Pounds of pastries. He thought they looked like big snakes swallowing their huge meals whole! Then he saw the same people get sick or overweight. Doctors didn’t know how to cure them.
Sylvester read about an experiment in which a dog, fed only white bread, got sick and died. But a dog that was fed whole-wheat bread stayed healthy. Sylvester began to wonder if some of the nutrients(营养) lost while making grains into white flour(面粉). He changed his own diet to mostly whole grains, fresh fruits, and vegetables. He felt a lot better, and he couldn’t wait to share his new ideas.
Huge crowds gathered to hear the small excited man in a tailcoat. “Eat foods that are good for you,” cried Sylvester. “Find Nature’s way and follow her!” Many people took his advice, and he began to hope that someday all Americans would stop eating like boa constrictors.
Flour made from the whole-wheat grain was named after Sylvester. With this graham flour, his followers, called Grahamites, baked bread and crackers. Instead of hot morning gruel(燕麦粥), Grahamites ate cold cereal—“Granola”.
Sylvester Graham thought that eating whole-grain snacks was good for you. Then newspapers called him “a nut among the crackers”. But today, 150 years later, scientists have proved he was right.
Even when Elise gets teased, she’s glad her name is Graham, as in cracker. At least it’s better than, say, Boa Constrictor!
36. What do you think about Sylvester Graham after reading the passage?
A. He was clever. B. He was unfriendly.
C. He was humorous. D. He was overweight.
37. What is the main reason that Sylvester told people to eat healthy food?
A. His dislike of vegetables. B. His discoveries about diet.
C. His dislike of dog experiments. D. His discoveries about boa constrictors.
38. What picture does the phrase “eating like boa constrictors” describe?
A. People eating small meals. B. People eating fried potatoes.
C. People swallowing huge meals. D. People swallowing red meat.
39. What was the main difference between “Granola” and other cereals?
A. It was easy to eat. B. It was easy to cook.
C. It was hot gruel. D. It was a cold cereal.
40. How did Elise Graham’s feelings about her name change?
A. From sad to pleased. B. From excited to calm.
C. From happy to unsure. D. From confident to unhappy.

2021年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考一模英语试卷
三、阅读单选
Here is information of some articles in the Reader’s Guide. Use these sample entries(条目) to choose the correct answers.
26．The article “Honk if you love geese!” is in .
A．Farmer's Guide F 16 '2018 B．Humour Mag F '2018
C．Agriculture and You. My '2018 D．Weather Gazette, N '2018
27． writes the article “Do pigs really eat like pigs”?
A．D．Taylor B．L. Landon C．P. Nelson D．J. Miller
28．You can find the article “New feed for a new age.” on .
A．P44-45 B．P56-58 C．P87-90 D．P99-101

So much work and too little play is not good for anybody, especially school students. That’s what we have—too much work and too little play. Getting more vacation is a way to correct this problem.
I think that we students should be given much more vacation time than we get right now. At the present time, we’re off only three weeks in winter, two months in summer, and all national holidays. It’s not enough. We work hard in school, and we need time to relax. We need more time than we get now. In fact we need a lot more time.
Students should get more vacation time because I feel we go to school too much during the year. I’ve only checked with my best friend Matt, but I think the whole school would agree with me on this. They all understand the importance of time away from books and homework. They would agree that more time for ballgames and television would be a good idea.
Adults who work in business get vacation, so why shouldn’t kids? Yes, school is important, but so is vacation. It’s something that all kids deserve. Now is the time to see that we get what we deserve.
29．What is the writer’s opinion in the passage?
A．Students should get more school time.
B．Students should have more vacation time.
C．Students should spend more time on ballgames.
D．Students should understand the importance of play.
30．How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 3?
A．By describing many details. B．By telling true stories.
C．By expressing their thoughts. D．By showing some numbers.
31．It’s something that all kids deserve. The word “deserve” in the sentence means “ “.
A．should be given B．should be told
C．should be taught D．should be allowed


Sonia looked at the dry cereal(麦片) in her bowl. The milk carton was across the table in front of Sonia’s little brother, Trenton. Sonia was quietly waiting for Trenton to stop talking so she could ask him to pass the milk.
“I hope I have enough pencils,” Trenton said. It was Trenton’s first day of school. He was very excited as well as a little nervous.
A growl(咕噜声) came from Sonia’s stomach, and she decided not to wait any longer. She couldn’t understand what all the excitement was about. All she wanted to do was to eat her cereal but she needed the milk.
“Trenton—” said Sonia.
“I think Jorge is in Ms. Rick’s class too, ” Trenton said. He had not even heard his sister call his name. He was too busy talking to his father about what might happen on his first day of school.
“Trenton—” said Sonia a little louder. “I wonder if I’ll be able to find the lunchroom. What should I do if I am late for lunch?”
“Trenton!” Sonia said a little more loudly.
Trenton stopped talking. Dad looked up from his cup of coffee.
“I’m sorry, but I need Trenton to pass the milk,” Sonia said, “He talked for an hour!”
“I didn’t talk for an hour,” Trenton said. “You did,” Sonia said.
“I didn’t,” Trenton said.
“That’s enough,” Dad said to Trenton.
Dad turned to Sonia, “I remember breakfast on your first day of school.”
Sonia thought back to that day. She had been nervous, and she had asked Dad a million questions. Dad had answered every one. Maybe she needed to show a little more understanding towards her younger brother. “Don’t worry about getting lost. Your teacher will take you where you need to go. I can check your backpack to see if you have everything you need,” she said.
Trenton’s face brightened. “Really?”
“But you have to do something first,” Sonia said. “What’s that?” Trenton asked.
Sonia smiled at her little brother. “Pass me the milk!”
32．Which question does Paragraph 2 answer?
A．Who is Trenton’s teacher? B．How does Trenton go to school?
C．What is Trenton’s favourite food? D．Which grade is Trenton in this year?
33．The chart shows what happens in the story. Which can be put in the empty box?
    

A．Sonia gets ready for school. B．Sonia tries to speak to Trenton
C．Sonia tells Trenton about school. D．Sonia eats her breakfast without milk.
34．Based on the story, why does Sonia decide to help Trenton?
A．She wants Trenton to pass the milk.
B．Her dad asks her to take care of Trenton.
C．Her teacher wants her to be kind to Trenton.
D．She begins to understand how Trenton feels.
35．Why is Dad important to the story?
A．He passes the milk to Sonia at breakfast.
B．He makes breakfast for Trenton and Sonia.
C．He helps Sonia remember her first day of school.
D．He shows Trenton where his lunchroom is at school.

Did you know that some students don’t do their reading assignments (作业), not even short texts? There are many reasons for this. Students may be bored or not willing to give special attention. They may be unconfident readers. Whatever the reason, it has to stop today. Here’s why.
Reading makes your mind active. It is like the exercise for your brain. When people get old, they become weaker and their strength leaves them. Exercise can prevent this loss. The same thing happens to people’s brains when they get older. Brain power and speed decline (衰退) with age. Reading can prevent these declines.
You can get help from reading in the near future too. Reading provides knowledge. Knowledge is power. Therefore, reading can make you a more powerful person. You can learn to do new things by reading. Do you want to make video games? Do you want to design clothing? Reading can teach you all this and more. But you have to get good at reading, and the only way is to practise.
Read everything that you can at school, whether you find it interesting or not. Reading adds to your vocabulary. Even a “boring” text can teach you new words. Having a larger vocabulary will help you better express yourself. You will be able to speak, write, and think more wisely.
Do not just consider a text unimportant because you don’t know about it. Each time you read, you are provided with new ideas. Reading can change the way that you understand the world. It can give you a broader way of thinking. You can learn how people live in faraway places. You can learn about cultures different from your own.
Reading is good for your feeling. It can lower your stress levels and help you relax. You can get away from your troubles for a moment when you read. So the next time you get a reading assignment, take as much as you can from it. Then move on to the next one.
36．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A．Reading is exciting and relaxing.
B．Exercise keeps your body in shape.
C．Reading prevents your mind declining.
D．Age influences the body in many ways.
37．Why does the writer think that you should read boring books?
A．You will make your teacher very happy.
B．You will learn new words through reading.
C．You will get better grades in the reading tests.
D．You will finally love them if you read them through.
38．What doesn’t the writer mention in the text?
A．Reading has a calming effect.
B．Reading teaches you about cultures.
C．Reading can lower your stress levels.
D．Reading helps you prepare for your job.
39．Which is the writer’s main purpose in writing this text?
A．He is teaching students how to become better readers.
B．He is telling readers fun facts about the mind and body.
C．He is trying to advise students to do their reading work.
D．He is explaining why students don’t do their reading work.
40．What is the best title for this text?
A．Reading: The Key to a Successful Future
B．Reading: Good for the Mind in Many Ways
C．Reading: Improve Your Vocabulary While Having Fun
D．Reading: The Best Way to Improve Your Writing Skills

答案：
2023年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考一模英语试卷
26．A 27．B 28．B

【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是志愿者招募的相关信息。
26．细节理解题。根据“Welcome guests 10 a.m.—2 p.m. May 3rd”可知音乐节10点开始。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据“Welcome guests 10 a.m.—2 p.m. May 3rd”及“Set up gym 11 a.m.—4 p.m. May 2nd”可知音乐节5月3日开始，在此之前完成的是场馆建立，在5月2日。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据“Interested students should speak with Ms. Lin”可知感兴趣的学生需要和林女士沟通。故选B。
29．D 30．C 31．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍关于雪地的相关内容并号召人们保护雪林。
29．细节理解题。根据“Snow forests have very cold winters that can last up to six months but even so, they are home to many kinds of animals, including foxes, hares, mice, moose, reindeer and wolves.”可知，雪林是许多动物的家园，包括狐狸、野兔、老鼠、驼鹿、驯鹿和狼。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据“However, snow forests are facing several dangers. Trees are being cut down faster and faster for their wood, which can be used for building. Some forests are being cleared to make space for new roads and houses, or to allow coal mining and oil and gas industries to grow. This leads to less and less living space for wildlife. As the world gets warmer and weather changes, the risk of fires in snow forests rises.”可知，树木被砍伐的速度越来越快，一些森林正在被砍伐，以及随着世界变暖和天气变化，雪林发生火灾的风险也在上升。没有提到冬天比以前更冷是雪林面临的危险。故选C。

31．词句猜测题。根据“This means that logging is not allowed or controlled in some areas and the forests are seen as areas of special scientific interest.”可知，这意味着在某些区域不允许或控制伐木作业，而且森林被视为具有特殊科学价值的地区，可推测logging的意思是“采伐树木”，故选A。
32．D 33．D 34．C 35．D

【导语】本文主要是Joe帮助朋友Bill克服有人在观看他打篮球时，影响发挥的问题。
32．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Bill在打篮球时遇到的问题，故选D。
33．细节理解题。根据“‘Unless I’m in a real game,’ Bill complained. ‘Then I miss all the time.’”可知Bill不开心是因为在比赛时他总是不能投进，而平时练习时能投进。故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据“Now you’ll have nothing to worry about for the next game!”可知Joe让人们聚在一起看Bill打球是让他不担心下一次的比赛，即适应下人们观看他比赛的情况，减少紧张感。故选C。
35．推理判断题。根据“As Joe had hoped, Bill was still practicing basketball. He made five baskets in a row without noticing the silent people standing behind him.”可知人们安静的看着他打篮球，他没有回头看之前并不知道有人在背后，这样他就不会受到人们的影响。故选D。
36．A 37．B 38．B 39．C 40．C

【导语】本文主要介绍了作家Louisa May Alcott及其作品。
36．推理判断题。根据“She would think up wonderful stories that she turned into plays. Alcott and her sisters acted out the dramas.”可知，她会把精彩的故事变成戏剧。她和她的姐妹把它表演出来，因此turned into plays能够帮助读者理解dramas的意思。故选A。
37．主旨大意题。根据“Alcott’s family was poor. At age fifteen, Alcott decided to help out.”及本段内容可知，本段主要讲述了Alcott如何帮助家里摆脱困境。故选B。
38．推理判断题。根据“This was the case in two other Alcott books, Little Men and Jo’s Boys.”可知，这样写是为了表明它们是书的标题。故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据“She knew what she wanted to do with her life and she did it!”及本段内容可知，作者写最后一段是为了表明Louisa May Alcott得到了她想要的生活。故选C。
40．推理判断题。根据题干“How did Alcott’s family influence her writing”可知，关于“她的家庭如何影响她的写作”的问题，可以通过把她的生活和写作放在一起来搜索更好。故选C。

2022年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考一模英语试卷
【答案】26. B 27. C 28. D
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍了制作 回飞镖的方法和使用注意事项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Trace the outline of the blade pattern at right onto tracing paper. Then cut out the pattern.”可知在描图纸上在右侧描出叶片图案的轮廓，然后剪出图案。剪图案用到的应该是剪刀。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Decorate your boomerang with coloured markers.”可知第五步是为了给回飞镖上色标记，因此如果没有这步，回飞镖就是纸壳的颜色，没什么特殊的地方，很普通。故选C。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Find an open area outdoors away from other people.”和“Throw the boomerang with a quick snap of your wrist using just a little force.”可知贴士中给出了飞回飞镖的步骤和注意事项，因此这部分是为了教人们如何扔和使用回飞镖。故选D。
【答案】29. D 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【分析】本文介绍了一首诗——会说话的鼓。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据“For me to dance, For men to dance,”可知会说话的鼓会让人想跳舞，因此是让人兴奋的感觉。故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据“For me it calls. Clearly it calls”可知鼓在呼喊，这时候像人一样，因此C选项“它与人交流”符合。故选C。
31题详解】
细节理解题。根据“For me to dance, For men to dance, For women to dance, For children to dance.”可知男人、女人和孩子都会跳舞。故选B。
【答案】32. C 33. A 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍作者团队一次户外观察北美黑鸭的研究。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据“I work at a US university where my team and I are trying to learn more about water birds, especially one called the American black duck.”可知作者和所在团队想要更了解北美黑鸭，所以进行了一次研究，需要去黑鸭所在地观察。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据“ There’s lots of information about their daytime activities, but nothing about what they do at night, because we simply haven’t had the equipment.”可知有很多黑鸭白天活动的信息，但是夜里的信息是没有的，因为没有这样的装备，作者团队这次用了夜视仪来观察黑鸭晚上的活动。故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Oh, and it’s so quiet I’ve needed lots of coffee to stop me falling asleep!”可知作者团队遇到的问题是观察黑鸭时太安静，人很容易犯困，所以只能靠大量的咖啡提神。故选A。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据“ It’ll be hard to stay and work for long hours inside—but it’s necessary to do this. ”可知在室内长时间工作是很困难的，但这是必要的。故选B。
【答案】36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍Elise因为姓Graham而被取笑，但是跟Graham相关的全麦饼干却是很好的食物。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二、三两段内容可知，Sylvester Graham通过观察和读到的实验就能改变自己的饮食，发现全麦食物的好处，所以他很聪明，故选A。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据“He changed his own diet to mostly whole grains, fresh fruits, and vegetables. He felt a lot better, and he couldn’t wait to share his new ideas.”和“Many people took his advice, and he began to hope that someday all Americans would stop eating like boa constrictors.”可知，Sylvester Graham告诉人们要吃健康食品的主要原因是因为他发现主要是全谷物、新鲜水果和蔬菜的饮食习惯对身体有好处。故选B。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据“He watched people swallow(大口吃) their food. Piles of fried potatoes. Plates of red meat. Pounds of pastries. He thought they looked like big snakes swallowing their huge meals whole!”可知，人们吃饭看起来像蛇在囫囵吞下它们的大餐，选项C“人们吞下大量食物”与之相符，故选C。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Instead of hot morning gruel(燕麦粥), Grahamites ate cold cereal—‘Granola’.”可知，Granola是一种冷燕麦，故选D。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据“One day my daughter, Elise, got tired of being called ‘graham cracker’.”和“Even when Elise gets teased, she’s glad her name is Graham, as in cracker. At least its better than, say, Boa Constrictor!”可知，Elise的态度从一开始厌烦、伤心到后来欣然接受了。故选A。

2021年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考一模英语试卷
26．C    27．A    28．D

【分析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了《读者指南》中一些文章的信息。
26．细节理解题。根据“Honk if you love geese! Agriculture and You. My '2018”这部分可知“Agriculture and You. My '2018”正确，故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据“Do pigs really eat like pigs? D. Taylor”可知，作者是D. Taylor。故选A。
28．细节理解题。根据“New feed for a new age. G. O'Tooney. Science Digest Mr 14 '2018 P99-101”可知，我们可以在P99-101找到。故选D。
29．B    30．C    31．A

【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要是说太多的工作和太少的娱乐对任何人都没有好处，特别是学校的学生应该获得更多休息放松时间，学习和休息同等重要，要注意劳逸结合。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段“I think that we students should be given much more vacation time than we get right now.”和第四段“Students should get more vacation time because I feel we go to school too much during the year.”等，作者都在强调学生应该有更多假期。故选B。
30．观点态度题。根据第三段“Students should get more vacation…agree with me on this.”可知，学生应该有更多的假期，因为“我”觉得我们在一年中上学太多了。“我”想整个学校都会同意我的看法。可知这时作者在表达自己的看法。故选C。
31．词义猜测题。根据“Yes, school is important, but so is vacation. It’s something that all kids deserve. Now is the time to see that we get what we deserve.”可知，是的，学校很重要，但假期也很重要。这是所有孩子都应得的。现在是时候看看我们该得到什么了。所以deserve是指“值得”。故选A。
32．D    33．B    34．D    35．C

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍索尼娅的弟弟特伦顿第一天上学因为激动在吃早餐的时候一直和爸爸交谈，姐姐索尼娅想让他递牛奶但是弟弟交谈没有听到，因此不得已中途打断了他们的谈话，爸爸的话语让索尼娅想到了自己第一天上学的样子，并因此也理解了弟弟。
32．推理判断题。根据“It was Trenton’s first day of school. He was very excited as well as a little nervous.”可知这是特伦顿开学的第一天。他既兴奋又有点紧张。因此我们可以推测出特伦顿的年级，其他信息并不能知道。故选D。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第四段到第七段可知，索尼娅一直在试图叫特伦顿，但是特伦顿第一天上学因为激动一直在跟爸爸沟通，没有听的索尼娅的话。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据“Sonia thought back to that day…towards her younger brother.”可知，索尼娅回想起那一天。也是问了爸爸无数个问题。因此也对弟弟多了一点理解。故选D。
35．细节理解题，根据“Dad turned to Sonia, ‘I remember breakfast on your first day of school.’”可知，是爸爸让索尼娅记得她上学第一天吃的早餐的样子。故选C。
36．C    37．B    38．D    39．C    40．B

【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍了阅读的一些好处。
36．段落大意题。根据第二段“Brain power and speed decline (衰退) with age. Reading can prevent these declines.”可知，脑力和速度随着年龄的增长而下降，阅读可以防止这些下降。故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据“Read everything that you can at school, whether you find it interesting or not. Reading adds to your vocabulary. Even a “boring” text can teach you new words.”可知，阅读可以提升词汇量，即使是无聊的文章也会教会你新的单词。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据“Reading can change the way that you understand the world. It can give you a broader way of thinking.”和“Reading is good for your feeling. It can lower your stress levels and help you relax.”可知，阅读可以改变你理解世界的方式，它可以给你一个更广阔的思考方式，阅读可以降低你的压力水平，帮助你放松。文章没有提到阅读帮助为工作做准备，故选D。
39．写作意图题。根据“Did you know that some students don’t do their reading assignments (作业), not even short texts?”和“So the next time you get a reading assignment, take as much as you can from it. Then move on to the next one.”可知，很多学生不喜欢做阅读作业，本文向我们介绍了阅读的一些好处，旨在建议学生多去阅读，故选C。
40．最佳标题题。本文向我们介绍了阅读的一些好处，选项B“阅读：在很多方面对头脑有好处”符合主题，故选B。