江苏省南通市如皋市2022-2023学年高二下学期教学质量调研（一）英语试卷（含答案）

这是一份江苏省南通市如皋市2022-2023学年高二下学期教学质量调研（一）英语试卷（含答案），共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

江苏省南通市如皋市2022-2023学年高二下学期教学质量调研（一）英语试卷
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解

Maker: Lamborghini
Model: Sián
Years: 2019-present
Fuel: Petrol/Electricity
Transmission: Automatic
Top speed: 350 km/h
Horsepower: 800 hp
Materials: The entire car is made of carbon fibre and is similar in style to Lamborghini's other famous models, including the Aventador.

1.The word Sian means “thunderbolt” in the local dialect of Bologna in Italy, where Lamborghini makes its cars.
2.Lamborghini teamed up with researchers at MIT in the US to make a supercapacitor electric motor as a power source.
3.The supercapacitor is a unique feature. In the past, electric cars have been criticized because their batteries emit chemicals that cause harm to the environment when they’re disposed of. A supercapacitor stores static electricity plates instead of using on metal chemicals. There is no need to charge the Sian’s supercapacitor because using the brakes does that automatically job.
4.The new Sian owners used Lamborghini’s Ad studio to Personam things like customize materials, paint, wheels and seat colours.
5.Lamborghini announced the Sian FKP 37 Roadster in 2020. It is a special convertible version of the original.
Company: Honda
Founder: Soichiro Honda
and Takeo Fujisawa
Founded:1946
First car produced:1963(Honda T360)
Country: Japan
Top-selling models:
Accord, Civic, CR-V
In 1922, aged 15, Soichiro Honda began to work as a mechanic in Tokyo. Aged 21, he opened his own auto-repair business. Later he founded a company to make piston rings for engines, but one of his factories was bombed in World War Ⅱ, and another destroyed in an earthquake. He sold the remains of his company to Toyota and used the money to found his Honda Technical Research Institute in October 1946.
Honda is involved in the manufacturing of other products such as aircraft, mountain bikes, lawn equipment and robots. It is also one of the world’s leading motorcycle manufacturers. In fact, Honda produced their first motorcycle—the 1949 Dream D-Type—before their first car.

1、Where is this text probably taken from?
A. An advertising poster. B. A research article.
C. An education brochure. D. A motor magazine.
2、According to the passage, the supercapacitor of Lamborghini is “unique” because _____.
A. it is environmentally friendly
B. it sends out harmful chemicals
C. it has a special convertible version
D. it can be customized to the needs of owners
3、Which of the following statements about Honda is true?
A. Honda started out as a bike company.
B. Dream D-Type is the first car produced by Honda.
C. We have seen business expansion in Honda since its establishment.
D. Soichiro Honda founded his company effortlessly thanks to his good fortune.
I love my gas stove. There’s nothing quite like cooking over that beautiful blue flame. But in recent years environmentalists have been warning that gas stoves are bad for the climate and not so great for our health, either. Two new studies have heightened health worries about harmful gases in our kitchens. Is the evidence sufficient to change our cooking habits? For me, the answer is yes.
Broadly speaking, there are two categories of concerning emissions related to gas stoves. First, there is the unburned natural gas, which is more than 90 percent methane. More than three quarters of methane that escapes from a stove leaks into kitchens when it is not in use, most likely through improper pipe fittings. Methane is not poisonous, but it is a powerful greenhouse gas. With 40 million gas stoves across our country, it is estimated that the heat-trapping potential of the methane they send out annually can roughly be compared to the carbon dioxide released by half a million gas-powered cars.
Second, there are the pollutants created by combustion when a burner is on, most notably nitrogen oxides, which can cause discomfort and pain in the lungs. In a matter of minutes, families who do not use their exhaust hoods and who have small, poorly ventilated kitchens can go over the Environmental Protection Agency’s outdoor exposure limit for nitrogen dioxide. Even short exposures to much nitrogen dioxide can worsen symptoms in people with respiratory conditions. And there is enough evidence that long-term exposure raises the risk of developing asthma.
What is the average home cook to make of all this? They might take a cue from Michanowicz, who bought a plug-in countertop induction stove and does much of his cooking on that $100 item. Jackson, for his part, is putting his money where his research is: “I’m replacing a perfectly good gas stove” with an induction stove. Several U.S. cities are curtailing the use of natural gas in new construction.
As for me, I’m making some changes. I’ve switched to an electric kettle for boiling water, and despite its annoying noise, I now use the exhaust hood over my stove. And weather permitting, I’ll open a window.
4、What does the author want to show by mentioning two new studies?
A. She might well get out of her cooking habits.
B. Health worries are proved by the two studies.
C. It’s not for her to judge despite sufficient evidence.
D. She will continue to cook with her beloved gas stove.
5、What do we know about methane?
A. Methane can test the destructive power of greenhouse gas.
B. Most methane will leak into kitchens when a stove is not in use.
C. The leakage of methane into kitchens is possibly through imperfect pipe fittings.
D. The heat-trapping potential of methane is equal to the carbon dioxide released by cars.
6、What does the underlined word “curtailing” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Guaranteeing. B. Limiting. C. Increasing. D. Embracing.
7、Which of the following is the most suitable structure of the text?
A. B. C. D.
Scientists have transfused(输血) lab-made red blood cells into a human volunteer in a world-first trial that experts say has major potential for people with hard-to-match blood types or conditions such as sickle cell disease. The research could someday mean an end to long searches for compatible donors(匹配的捐赠者) or dangerous transfusion reactions.
The experimental transfusion was done at Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge, England, as part of a joint effort among UK scientists to understand how lab-made blood transfusions could work.
The scientists took whole blood from donors in a UK database and separated out the stem cells. These are the body’s raw materials—the cells from which all specialized cells, like a red blood cell, can generate. Researchers grew red blood cells from those stem cells and transfused them into two healthy volunteers.
The transfusions involved only a tiny amount of blood: about one or two teaspoons. A standard blood transfusion would involve many hundred times that amount. This stage of the trial involves two mini transfusions at least four months apart, one with a standard donation of red cells and the other with lab-made cells from the same donor.
The researchers are closely monitoring the volunteers to determine whether the process was safe. They say there have been with “no unexpected side effects” so far. They’re also watching how long the lab-grown cells last compared with an infusion of standard red blood cells. Red blood cells typically last about 120 days, but a transfusion from a standard donation contains cells that are a variety of ages because the bone marrow(骨髓) continuously makes these cells.
Previous tests have shown that manufactured cells function like normal cells and that these lab-made cells are likely to survive longer overall while in circulation This study will determine for the first time whether that’s true.
Further trials will be necessary to determine whether there could be a clinical use of this lab-grown product.
The research could eventually make a difference for people with sickle cell disease, those who develop antibodies against most donor blood types, or those with genetic disorders in which their bod can’t make red blood cells or the blood cells they make don’t work well.
8、What is the purpose of the experiment?
A. To seek out hard-to-match blood types.
B. To end dangerous transfusion reactions.
C. To promote close cooperation among UK scientists.
D. To know how to transfuse lab-grown blood effectively.
9、What do we know about the lab-made cells?
A. They typically last about four months.
B. They were grown from red blood cells.
C. They did unexpectedly cause some side effects.
D. They were transfused into a volunteer in large amounts.
10、What’s the author’s attitude towards the research?
A. Indifferent. B. Disapproving. C. Suspicious. D. Favourable.
11、What is the text mainly about?
A. Lab-made cells function normally and are likely to survive longer in circulation.
B. Lab-grown blood could have enormous potential for people with rare blood conditions.
C. Long searches for compatible donors and dangerous transfusion reactions can be ended.
D. An experimental transfusion was done at Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge, England.
After 11 years, China has finally completed its Tiangong space station with the docking(对接) its Mengtian lab module, establishing the Tiangong as the second operational space station apart from the US-led, multinational International Space Station (ISS).
On November 1, the Mengtian lab module, the third and final part of its Tiangong space station docked with the core Tianhe module 13 hours after being launched. Next, the Tianhe and Mengtian modules will dock with the Wentian lab module, completing Tiangong’s T-shaped basic structure. The 17.88-meter-long, 23-ton Mengtian module is the heaviest operational single-cabin active spacecraft in orbit. Mengtian consists of a workcabin, a cargo airlock cabin, a payload cabin and resource cabin. In addition, it has eight scientific experiment cabinets and 37 extravehicul. installation options, enabling more in-cabin and out-cabin experiments in a microgravity environment Mengtian also carries the world’s first space atomic clock system, consisting of a hydrogen clock, rubidium clock and an optical clock. It is the world’s most accurate time and frequency system, but to support fundamental physics research.
One of the more ambitious aims of China’s space program is to position the country as a leading provider of space-based international public goods and services, such as planetary defense. Last month, Asia Times reported about China’s plans to conduct its first asteroid deflection test in 2025 or 2026. China has also taken pioneering steps in Marsexploration. A good example is the completion of China’s Tianwen-1 Mars mission, which has provided medium and high-resolution photos of the planet’s surface. China has also stated that it is willing to share scientific data from its Tianwen-l mission at an appropriate time and that scientists are welcome to apply for research over the data.
Moreover, China has also announced plans to send men to the moon, paving the potential way for its future settlement and economic use. And China and Russia plan to establish a permanent moon base by 2027. The proposed permanent moon base, the International Lunar Research Station(ILRS), is seen as an experimental complex designed for multiple scientific activities.
The Tiangong is open to all UN member states, with nine projects involving 17 countries including Kenya, Russia, Mexico, Japan, and Peru, alongside 23 entities selected among the first batch of scientific experiments to be carried on board the station. Reflecting China’s open-door space policy, the Tiangong is designed to be “inclusive” and adaptable for foreign astronauts.
12、What can we infer about the Mengtian module according to the text?
A. It has docked with the Wentian lab module.
B. It is an significant part of Tiangong space station.
C. It is made up of four scientific experiment cabins.
D. It is heavier than all the other single-cabin spaceships.
13、Why did the author mention “China’s plan” in paragraph 4?
A. To make a prediction. B. To present a fact.
C. To clarify a concept. D. To explain a rule.
14、How will China explore the moon?
A. By sending men to the settlement of the moon.
B. By providing clear photos of the planet’s surface.
C. By sharing scientific data from its Tianwen-1 mission.
D. By setting up a moon base for multiple scientific activities.
15、What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. International Space Station Suffers Wear and Tear
B. Side by Side, China Works with UN Member States
C. Step by Step, China Finds Its Footing in Outer Space
D. Tiangong Space Station Is Established Little by Little
二、七选五
16、 This year, everything is getting more expensive. This is called inflation. The word inflation comes from inflate, which means “to grow big”. For instance, we inflate balloons. ①_____ When everyone suddenly wants the same thing, it becomes scarce and the price goes up because people will pay more to get it. In fact, inflation has been described as “too much money chasing too few goods”.
②_____ During that time, people all over the world spent little money, because they were forced to stay home. Fuel prices dropped because people weren’t really going anywhere. But now that everything is getting back to normal in many countries, people want to go out and meet friends, get their hair properly cut and generally spend money again. So the demand for goods and services is rising rapidly.
In fact, the world has been hit by a number of drastic problems all coming together, ranging from the pandemic to war to climate change. Oil and gas prices dropped during the pandemic, but now have shot up again. ③_____ Extreme weather events all over the world have made things much worse. For example, droughts in China and California threatened hydropower, while heavy rainfall and flooding in South and Southeast Asia disrupted coal mining in countries like India and China. The cost of coffee increased when Brazil—the world’s largest producer—had a poor harvest after severe drought. ④_____
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has warned that 2023 could be the “darkest hour” for the global economy: “The three largest economies—the United States, China and the Euro area—will continue to stall. The worst is yet to come.” But, to end on a hopeful note, experts say that manufacturing and tourism are gradually rebounding in Malaysia, Thailand and the Pacific island countries. ⑤_____
A. The Covid-19 pandemic is the main cause.
B. Therefore, we should prepare for "the worst".
C. So we can hope "the worst" can be prevented.
D. In the case of money, inflation means the price of things is rising.
E. There is also a shortage of materials like plastic, concrete and steel.
F. All of this hits the poor the hardest, and leads to fewer goods being bought.
G. The war in Ukraine has affected the supply of gas to Europe, as this mostly comes from Russia.
三、完形填空（15空）
Chimpanzees can make tools, they display emotions, and they can defeat humans at certain memory games. But chimps also resemble us in another way—they use 1 . They’re known to eat tough leaves and bitter plants to 2 parasites(寄生虫) from their guts (肠道).
Now researchers have observed chimps using a never-before-seen type of 3 —they grabbed flying insects, and 4 them to their wounds. You can see this happening in a video 5 at Loango National Park, in Central Africa.
Simone Pika is a cognitive biologist at the University of Osnabrück, in Germany, and part of the team that studies these 6 . She says it’s possible the insects have antibacterial or soothing qualities—but this could also be a cultural 7 with no medical benefit at all. Maybe an individual just found out that it’s very interesting—I get a lot of attention, others come, I get some grooming... and so it just 8 a social behavior. After all, Pika points out that humans perform plenty of rituals(仪式), with no obvious 9 .
Her team believes this could be an 10 of what’s called “prosocial behavior”. They help each other and it’s not just a mother helping her offspring and it’s not somebody helping somebody to increase genetic benefits, but it’s also individuals who are not 11 to each other.
As for those insects? The team has not yet 12 any remains because it’s 13 pieces. But now they have an idea of how to find even smallest remains, and then there are also 14 to identify the species. If they do—they’ll be able to learn more about what function this practice might have, if any. And perhaps we humans will be able to learn some medicinal 15 from our primate cousins.
17、A. medicine B. tools C. plants D. minerals
18、A. preserve B. discourage C. remove D. ban
19、A. principle B. initiative C. agenda D. treatment
20、A. compared B. showed C. applied D. shifted
21、A. assessed B. filmed C. reserved D. submitted
22、A. insects B. wounds C. qualities D. chimps
23、A. practice B. guidance C. diversity D. division
24、A. anchored in B. resulted in C. conflicted with D. cooperated with
25、A. expansion B. outcome C. function D. fault
26、A. opportunity B. expense C. origin D. example
27、A. related B. devoted C. exposed D. opposed
28、A. interrupted B. ruined C. identified D. suspected
29、A. mighty B. tiny C. superb D. incredible
30、A. techniques B. signals C. assignments D. principles
31、A. incidents B. tricks C. bonuses D. consultations
四、短文填空
32、 The Book of Changes, or Zhouyi in Chinese, is one of the ancient Chinese classics with ①_____(emphasize) on the essential nature of changes. It is believed that Zhouyi originated from Fuxi, and further sublimed by Confucius and his disciples(门徒).
Legend goes that King Wen of Zhou was a very wise and able king, who attracted many like-minded people ②_____(join) him. So he was envied by the tyrannical king of the Shang Dynasty, who put him into prison. During this seven years of hard time, King Wen of Zhou ③_____(insist) on studying truth left by Fuxi and created Zhouyi ④_____ virtue of his persistent spirit.
In ancient times, people ⑤_____(awe) by natural disasters or accidents for “unknown reasons.” So they always referred to Zhouyi to explain these complex phenomena. When divining, they also turned to the auguries(占卜) ⑥_____(describe) in Zhouyi for inspiration.
The discovery of one of the earliest copies of Zhouyi in 1973 proved Confucius’s contribution to Zhouyi, ⑦_____ the fact that Zhouyi is much more valuable than just ⑧_____ book for divination.
According to traditions, Confucius and his disciples made great efforts to compile and interpret the book in commentaries known as the Ten Wings, ⑨_____ made up the other part of Zhouyi. The Ten Wings made Zhouyi much ⑩_____(easy) for ordinary people at the time to understand and are still used today.
五、书面表达
33、假定你是学生会主席，学校将举行以“成长”为主题的倡议活动，请代表学生会给全体同学写一封倡议书，内容如下：
1. 活动意义；
2. 提出倡议；
3. 表达期待。
注意：
1. 词数80字左右；
2. 可适当添加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、读后续写
34、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I suppose everyone has a particular childhood Christmas that stands out more than any other. For me, it was the year that the Burlington factory closed down. Small child as I was, the events of that Christmas will live forever in my heart.
My father, who had been employed at Burlington, never, let us know that we were having financial difficulties. We knew only that our daddy, who usually worked long, difficult hours, was now home more than we had ever remembered.
Mama, a homemaker, now sought work in the local textile mills, but jobs were scarce. Therefore, daddy’s unemployment check would now be our family’s only source of income. I don’t know for sure how they managed, but some how they did. They made sure they scraped together enough money to buy each of us a Barbie doll. For the rest of our presents, they would rely on their talents, using waste materials they already had.
While dark rough hands sawed, hammered and painted, flexible fingers fed dress after dress after dress into the sewing machine. Barbie-sized clothes for every imaginable occasion pushed forward from the old machine. Where we were while all of this was taking place, I have no idea. But somehow my parents found time to pour themselves into our gifts, and the excitement of Christmas was once again born for the entire family.
That Christmas Eve, the sun was just setting over the distant horizon when I heard the roar of an unexpected motor in the driveway. Looking outside, I could hardly believe my eyes. Aunt Charlene and Uncle Buck had driven all the way from Georgia to surprise us. Packed tightly in their car, as though no air was needed, sat my three cousins. I also couldn’t help but notice many gifts for all of us, all neatly packaged and tied with beautiful bows. They had known that it would be a difficult Christmas, and they had come to help. The next morning we awoke to more gifts than I ever could have imagined — mountains of gifts among all that excitement and laughter.
注意：1.所需词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Daddy decided not to give us his gifts.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
They were wooden boxes that can be used as a house to store a Barbie doll.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据表格可知,在这里,在《疯狂汽车》中,我们为你提供了令人惊叹的汽车。我们为最新、最酷、最快的超级跑车、电动汽车打开引擎盖。发动你的引擎!)可推知,文章选自汽车杂志。故选D。
2、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一部分3.The supercapacitor is a unique feature. In the past, electric cars have been criticized because their batteries emit chemicals that cause harm to the environment when they’re disposed of. A supercapacitor stores static electricity plates instead of using on metal chemicals. There is no need to charge the Sian’s supercapacitor because using the brakes does that automatically job.(3.超级电容器是一个独特的特征。在过去,电动汽车一直受到批评,因为它们的电池在处理时释放出对环境有害的化学物质。超级电容器可以储存静电板,而不是用于金属化学品。没有必要给Sian的超级电容器充电,因为使用刹车会自动充电)可知,兰博基尼的超级电容器是“独特的”,因为它是环保的。故选A。
3、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Honda is involved in the manufacturing of other products such as aircraft, mountain bikes, lawn equipment and robots. It is also one of the world’s leading motorcycle manufacturers. In fact, Honda produced their first motorcycle—the 1949 Dream D-Type—before their first car.(本田还涉足飞机、山地自行车、草坪设备和机器人等其他产品的制造。它也是世界领先的摩托车制造商之一。事实上,本田在生产第一辆汽车之前就生产了他们的第一辆摩托车—1949年的梦想D型)可知,C选项"自本田公司成立以来,我们看到了它的业务扩张"正确。故选C。
4、答案：A
5、答案：C
6、答案：B
7、答案：C
8、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的The experimental transfusion was done at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge, England, as part of a joint effort among UK scientists to understand how lab–made blood transfusions could work.(实验输血是在英国剑桥的阿登布鲁克医院进行的,这是英国科学家共同努力的一部分,目的是了解实验室制造的输血是如何工作的。)可知,这次实验的目的是了解如何有效地输入实验室培养的血液。故选D。
9、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的They're also watching how long the lab-grown cells last compared with an infusion of standard red blood cells. Red blood cells typically last about 120 days(他们还在观察实验室培养的细胞与注入标准红细胞相比能维持多长时间。红细胞通常可以存活120天左右。)可知,实验室制造的细胞通常存活4个月。故选A。
10、答案：D
解析：观点态度题。根据第一段中的The research could someday mean an end to long searches for compatible donors(匹配的捐赠者) or dangerous transfusion reactions.(这项研究有一天可能意味着长期寻找合适的捐赠者或危险的输血反应的结束。)及最后一段中的The research could eventually make a difference for people with sickle cell disease(这项研究最终可能会对镰状细胞病患者产生影响。)可知,作者认为这项研究意义重大,所以持支持态度。故选D。
11、答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容,结合第一段中的Scientists have transfused(输血) lab-made red blood cells into a human volunteer in a world-first trial that experts say has major potential for people with hard-to-match blood types or conditions such as sickle cell disease.(科学家们在世界上首次将实验室制造的红细胞输进一名人类志愿者体内,专家们说,这项试验对患有难以匹配的血型或镰状细胞病等疾病的人具有很大的潜力。)可知,文章主要讲述科学家们在世界上首次将实验室制造的红细胞输进一名人类志愿者体内,专家们认为这项试验对患有罕见血液病的人有巨大的潜力。故选B。
12、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中On November1, the Mengtian lab module, the third and final part of its Tiangong space station docked with the core Tianhe module 13 hours after being launched.(11月1日,天宫空间站的第三个也是最后一个部分梦天实验舱在发射13个小时后与天和核心舱对接。)以及The 17.88-meter-long, 23-ton Mengtian module is the heaviest operational single-cabin active spacecraft in orbit.(梦天实验舱长17.88米,重23吨,是目前在轨运行的最重的单舱现役航天器。)可知,梦天实验舱是天宫空间站的重要组成部分。故选B。
13、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的And China and Russia plan to establish a permanent moon base by 2027.(中国和俄罗斯计划在2027年之前建立一个永久的月球基地。)可知,本段提及中国将要和俄罗斯一起建立一个永久的月球基地的计划是为了陈述事实。故选B。
14、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的And China and Russia plan to establish a permanent moon base by 2027.The proposed permanent moon base, the International Lunar Research Station(ILRS) , is seen as an experimental complex designed for multiple scientific activities.(中国和俄罗斯计划在2027年之前建立一个永久的月球基地。拟议中的永久月球基地国际月球研究站(ILRS)被视为一个用于多项科学活动的实验综合体。)可知,中国通过建立月球基地进行多项科学活动来探索月球。故选D。
15、答案：C
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文,结合第一段After 11 years，China has finally completed its Tiangong space station with the docking(对接) its Mengtian lab module, establishing the Tiangong as the second operational space station apart from the US-led, multinational International Space Station (ISS).(经过11年的努力,中国终于完成了天宫空间站与梦天实验舱的对接,使天宫成为美国领导的多国国际空间站(ISS)之外的第二个运行空间站。)以及第三段中的One of the more ambitious aims of China’s space program is to position the country as a leading provider of space-based international public goods and services, such as planetary defense.(中国太空计划的一个更雄心勃勃的目标是将中国定位为国际天基公共产品和服务的领先提供者,例如行星防御。)以及第四段中的Moreover, China has also announced plans to send men to the moon, paving the potential way for its future settlement and economic use. And China and Russia plan to establish a permanent moon base by 2027.(此外,中国还宣布了将人类送上月球的计划,为未来在月球定居和经济利用铺平了潜在道路。中国和俄罗斯计划在2027年之前建立一个永久的月球基地。)可知,本文从梦天实验舱成功与天宫空间站对接入手,介绍了中国的太空计划和成就。因此C项Step by Step, China Finds Its Footing in Outer Space"中国在太空领域一步一步站稳脚跟"适合作为文章标题。故选C。
16、答案：DAGFC
解析：①推理判断题。根据上文The word inflation comes from inflate, which means "to grow big". For instance, we inflate balloons.(通货膨胀这个词来源于inflate,意思是"变大"。例如,我们给气球充气。)及下文When everyone suddenly wants the same thing, it becomes scarce and the price goes up because people will pay more to get it.(当每个人突然都想要同样的东西时,它就会变得稀缺,价格也会上涨,因为人们会花更多的钱来获得它。)可知,通货膨胀一词本意是"变大",如给气球充气,气球就会鼓起来。接下来应该进入本文主题,所以选项D."就货币而言,通货膨胀意味着东西的价格在上涨"承接上下文,符合语境。故选D。
②推理判断题。根据下文During that time, people all over the world spent little money, because they were forced to stay home.(在那段时间里,世界各地的人们几乎没有花钱,因为他们被迫呆在家里。)可知,during that time指的是新型冠状病毒流行期间,所以选项A."新冠肺炎大流行是主要原因"符合上下文逻辑关系,故选A。
③推理判断题。根据上文In fact, the world has been hit by a number of drastic problems all coming together, ranging from the pandemic to war to climate change.(事实上,全世界已经受到了一系列严重问题的打击,从疫情到战争再到气候变化。)以及下文Extreme weather events all over the world have made things much worse.(世界各地的极端天气事件使情况变得更糟。)可知,第二段谈论了疫情对全世界的影响,下文论述的是极端天气使情况变得更糟,由此判断,此处应该阐述战争给世界带来的影响,所以选项G."乌克兰战争影响了对欧洲的天然气供应,因为这些天然气主要来自俄罗斯"符合语境,故选G。
④推理判断题。根据上文For example, droughts in China and California threatened hydropower, while heavy rainfall and flooding in South and Southeast Asia disrupted coal mining in countries like India and China. The cost of coffee increased when Brazil—the world's largest producer—had a poor harvest after severe drought.(例如,中国和加利福尼亚州的干旱威胁到水电、而南亚和东南亚的强降雨和洪水扰乱了印度和中国等国的煤矿开采。当世界最大的咖啡生产国巴西在严重干旱后收成不佳时,咖啡成本增加。)可知,本段主要阐述的是世界各地的极端天气对日常生活的影响,选项F."所有这些对穷人的打击最大,并导致购买的商品减少"对以上内容进行总结,符合语境,故选F。
⑤推理判断题。根据上文The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has warned that 2023 could be the "darkest hour" for the global economy: "The three largest economies—the United States, China and the Euro area—will continue to stall. The worst is yet to come." But, to end on a hopeful note, experts say that manufacturing and tourism are gradually rebounding in Malaysia, Thailand and the Pacific island countries.(国际货币基金组织(IMF)警告称,2023年可能是全球经济"最黑暗的时刻":"美国、中国和欧元区这三个最大的经济体将继续停滞。最糟糕的情况尚未到来。"但是,专家们表示,马来西亚、泰国和太平洋岛国的制造业和旅游业正在逐步反弹,这是一个充满希望的结局。)可知,2023年可能是全球经济"最黑暗的时刻",但是马来西亚、泰国和太平洋岛国的制造业和旅游业正在逐步反弹,因此,我们可以希望"最坏的情况"能够得到预防。选项C."因此,我们可以希望'最坏的情况'能够得到预防"与上文衔接自然,语义流畅,故选C。
17、答案：A
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.medicine药物;B.tools工具;C.plants植物;D.minerals矿物。句意:但黑猩猩在另一方面也与我们相似—它们会用药。后文"They're known to eat tough leaves and bitter plants to"提到黑猩猩吃坚硬的叶子和苦味植物,以清除肠道中的寄生虫,可见它们也会用药。故选A。
18、答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.preserve保护;B.discourage使灰心;C.remove去除;D.ban禁止。句意:众所周知,它们吃坚硬的叶子和苦味植物,以清除肠道中的寄生虫。根据后文"parasites from their guts"可知,吃坚硬的叶子和苦味植物,以清除肠道中的寄生虫。故选C。
19、答案：D
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.principle原则;B.initiative措施;C.agenda日程;D.treatment治疗。句意:现在,研究人员观察到黑猩猩使用了一种从未见过的治疗方法—捕捉飞虫,并将它们敷在伤口上。根据后文"them to their wounds"可知,抓虫子是为了治疗伤口。故选D。
20、答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.compared比较;B.showed展示;C.applied敷;D.shifted转换。句意:现在,研究人员观察到黑猩猩使用了一种从未见过的治疗方法---捕捉飞虫,并将它们敷在伤口上。根据后文"them to their wounds"可知,黑猩猩捕捉飞虫,并将它们敷在伤口上,此处apply表示"敷"。故选C。
21、答案：B
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.assessed评估;B.filmed拍摄;C.reserved预定;D.submitted提交。句意:你可以在中非卢安戈国家公园拍摄的一段视频中看到这一点。根据上文"You can see this happening in a video"可知,这里指视频的拍摄,应用film。故选B。
22、答案：D
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.insects昆虫;B.wounds伤口;C.qualities质量;D.chimps黑猩猩。句意:西蒙·皮卡是德国Osnabrück大学的认知生物学家,也是研究这些黑猩猩的团队成员。根据第二段中"Now researchers have observed chimps"可知,研究的是黑猩猩。故选D。
23、答案：A
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.practice实践;B.guidance指导;C.diversity多样化;D.division分开。句意:她说,这种昆虫有可能具有抗菌或舒缓的特性,但这也可能是一种文化实践,根本没有医学上的好处。后文"humans perform plenty of rituals"提到了人类进行了大量的仪式,将此与黑猩猩的行为相比较,说明黑猩猩的行为也可能是一种文化实践,故选A。
24、答案：B
解析：考查动词短语及语境理解。A.anchored in固定;B.resulted in导致;C.conflicted with冲突;D.cooperated with合作。句意:也许一个人只是发现这很有趣—我得到了很多关注,其他人来了,我得到了一些梳理……所以这只是导致了一种社会行为。根据后文"a social behavior"可知,Simone Pika得到了很多关注,其他人来了,Simone Pika得到了一些梳理……所以这只是导致了一种社会行为。故选B。
25、答案：C
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.expansion扩大;B.outcome结果;C.function功能;D.fault错误。句意:毕竟,皮卡指出,人类进行了大量的仪式,但没有明显的功能。根据上文"Pika points out that humans perform plenty of rituals, with no obvious"可知,人类进行了大量的仪式,但没有明显的功能。故选C。
26、答案：D
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.opportunity机会;B.expense花费;C.origin起源;D.example例子。句意:她的团队认为这可能是所谓的"亲社会行为"的一个例子。根据后文of what's called "prosocial behavior"可知,这是所谓的"亲社会行为"的一个例子。故选D。
27、答案：A
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.related联系;B.devoted奉献;C.exposed暴露;D.opposed反对。句意:它们互相帮助,这不仅仅是母亲帮助她的后代,也不仅仅是某人帮助另一个人来增加基因利益,也包括彼此之间没有血缘关系的个体。根据上文"it's not somebody helping somebody to increase genetic benefits, but it's also individuals who are not"可知,黑猩猩不仅帮助自己的后代,也帮助没有血缘关系的黑猩猩。故选A。
28、答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.interrupted打断;B.ruined毁灭;C.identifed识别,确认;D.suspected怀疑。句意:该团队尚未确认任何遗骸,因为它们都是微小的碎片。根据后文"to identify the species"可知,确认这种昆虫的遗骸,故选C。
29、答案：B
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.mighty强大的;B.tiny微小的;C.superb极佳的;D.incredible难以置信的。句意:该团队尚未确认任何遗骸,因为它们都是微小的碎片。呼应后文"find even smallest remains"指碎片很小。故选B。
30、答案：A
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.techniques技术;B.signals信号;C.assignments作业;D.principles原则。句意:但现在他们已经知道如何找到哪怕是最小的遗骸,而且也有了识别物种的技术。根据后文"to identify the species"指识别物种的技术,故选A。
31、答案：B
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.incidents事件;B.tricks技巧;C.bonuses好处;D.consultations咨询。句意:也许我们人类将能够从我们的灵长类表亲那里学到一些药用的技巧。根据上文"If they do—they'll be able to learn more about what function this practice might have, if any.(如果他们这样做了,他们就能更多地了解这种做法可能有什么功能,如果有的话)"可知,也许我们人类将能够从我们的灵长类表亲那里学到一些药用的技巧。故选B。
32、答案：①emphasis②to join③insisted④by/in⑤were awed⑥described⑦and⑧a⑨which⑩easier
解析：①考查不可数名词。句意:《周易》是中国古代经典之一,强调变化的本质。空处作介词宾语,应填名词emphasis,意为"强调",是不可数名词,故填emphasis。
②考查动词不定式。句意:传说周文王是一位非常聪明能干的国王,他吸引了许多志同道合的人加入他的行列。attract sb to do sth"吸引某人干某事",此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语,故填to join。
③考查动词时态。句意:在这七年的艰难岁月中,周文王坚持研究伏羲留下的真理,并凭借其坚持不懈的精神创造了《周易》。空处作谓语,根据语境及时间状语during this seven years of hard time可知,本句陈述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故填insisted。
④考查介词。句意:在这七年的艰难岁月中,周文王坚持研究伏羲留下的真理,并凭借其坚持不懈的精神创造了《周易》。by (in) virtue of是固定短语,意为“由于,依靠……力量”。故填by/in。
⑤考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:在古代,人们对“未知原因”的自然灾害或事故感到敬畏。awe"使敬畏"是及物动词,空处作谓语,根据句意及空后by natural disasters or accidents可知,主语people与awe之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;结合时间状语In ancient times,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,be动词用were,故填were awed。
⑥考查过去分词。句意:占卜时,他们也会参考《周易》中描述的占卜来获得灵感。本句中谓语动词是turned,空处应用非谓语动词,auguries(占卜)与动词describe之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语,故填described。
⑦考查连词。句意:1973年最早的《周易》副本之一的发现证明了孔子对《周易》的贡献,也证明了《周易》不仅仅是一本占卜书更有价值。根据句意可知,Confucius's contribution to Zhouyi与the fact that Zhouyi is much more valuable than just a book for divination之间为并列关系,应用and连接并列的宾语,故填and。
⑧考查冠词。句意:1973年最早的《周易》副本之一的发现证明了孔子对《周易》的贡献,也证明了《周易》不仅仅是一本占卜书更有价值。book是可数名词单数,且以辅音音素开头,前面需加不定冠词a,表泛指,故填a。
⑨考查定语从句,句意:根据传统,孔子和他的弟子们花了很大的努力来编纂和解释这本被称为《十翼》的注释书,这本书构成了《周易》的另一部分。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词the Ten Wings指物,且在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which,故填which。
⑩考查比较级。句意:《十翼》使当时的普通人更容易理解《周易》,至今仍在使用。make是使役动词,此处应用形容词作宾语补足语,much修饰形容词比较级,故填easier。
33、答案：
Dear fellow students,
On behalf of School Students’ Union, I call on all of my fellow students to do what we can to become well-rounded.
Firstly, we should develop a positive attitude to life. Life consists of not only happy moments but also hard times. We should be brave when facing difficulties. Secondly, we must study hard because knowledge is power. If we have the power, we can help to build our country and enjoy life better. What we ought to do, of course, goes far beyond our studies. We should take responsibility in all aspects of our everyday life.
If we do those things well, we will be able to experience an enjoyable and rewarding teenage life. It’s time for us to take action.
34、答案：
Daddy decided not to give us his gifts. There was no reason for him to give us those hand-made gifts. They were rustic and simple compared with the store-bought gifts that Aunt and Uncle had bought. Although the music of laughter filled the morning, we never suspected that, hidden somewhere, we each had another gift. When Mama asked Daddy about the gifts, he confided his feelings, but Mama insisted he give us our gifts. And so, after the guests had gone, Daddy reluctantly brought his gifts of love to the living room.
They were wooden boxes that could be used as a house to store a Barbie doll. Though I don’t really remember any of the other gifts I got that day, those boxes are etched into my mind. I remember every detail of them. I have lived and loved twenty-nine Christmases, each bringing gifts, cherished and longed for. But few of those gifts can be compared with those simple wooden boxes. So it is no wonder that I get teary-eyed when I think of my father, standing there on that cold Christmas morning, wondering if his gift was good enough. Love, Daddy, is always good enough.