江西省五市九校2023届高三第二次联考英语试卷（含答案）

这是一份江西省五市九校2023届高三第二次联考英语试卷（含答案），共19页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，短文改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
江西省五市九校2023届高三第二次联考英语试卷
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Combine good food with ideal weather and remarkable views and you've got the makings of a memorable meal. And Arizona has all these things. Here are some of the best outdoor restaurants in Arizona.
Cottonwood: Pizzeria Bocce Patio Bar
The restaurant in Old Town Cottonwood helped define the city's rising culinary(烹饪的) scene. Chef Michelle Jurisin traveled to Italy to become certified by Verace Pizza Napoletana. Pizzas are made the traditional way. They're topped with fresh ingredients and cooked in a wood-burning oven. The most popular is the Cire's with house-made Italian sausage, pepperoni, ricotta, mushrooms, basil and fresh mozzarella.
Details: 1060 N. Main St., Cottonwood. 928-202-3597.
Lake Havasu City: Burgers By the Bridge
Located at the base of London Bridge, this open-air restaurant serves as Lake Havasu City's unofficial recreation room. Sitting right at the water's edge, diners enjoy beautiful views of the boats, the bridge and palm trees from their shaded tables, everything in the kitchen is made fresh. The juicy Black Angus burgers are tasty, and the chips may be the best in town.
Details: 401 English Village, Lake Havasu City. 928-302-6780.
Sedona: Mariposa Latin-Inspired Grill
The restaurant is a perfect combination of art and architecture. Natural stacked stone, rusted metal panels and walls of windows are part of the décor that's unlike anyplace else in Sedona.
Details: 700 State Route 89A, Scdona. 928-862-4444.
Show Low: The House
The wood-paneled building is simple inside and framed by a patio. Out back, there's a big grassy lawn that's dotted with picnic tables, cornhole board and a yard bar. The menu is a mix of salads, sandwiches, chili and some impressive burgers. Try the House Burger, a nice combo of textures and flavors, a bit crunchy with a little spice on the back end. It's served with homemade chips.
Details: 1191 E. Hall, Show Low. 928-537-9273.
1、What is the feature of Pizzeria Bocce Patio Bar?
A.The Old Town Cottonwood. B.The wood-burning oven.
C.The impressive burgers. D.The Italian pizzas.
2、Which restaurant offers a river view?
A. The House. B. Burgers By the Bridge.
D. Mariposa Latin-inspired Grill. C. Pizzeria Bocce Patio Bar.
3、What makes Mariposa Latin-Inspired Grill unique in Sedona?
A. Its location. B. Its decoration.
C.Its red rocks view. D. Its South American-inspired food.
Growing up, playing hockey with her brothers and the boys in the area, Rhéaume learned pretty quickly that, despite her abilities, she was often cut from teams simply because she was a girl. Although it was frustrating for the youngster, she was not deterred. She continued to work hard and develop her skills to prove she could compete with the boys.
It didn't take long for her to make a name for herself. In 1984, she became the first girl to play in the famed Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament.
When the Tampa Bay Lightning, a National Hockey League(NHL) team came calling the following year, it was an opportunity Rhéaume could not pass up. When Rhéaume arrived in Tampa Bay, she remembers there was a big bouquet of flowers waiting for her in her dressing room, along with a card. "It was from a radio station in Montreal and the card said go further, good luck to you, we're all behind you and you're not alone," she said. "When I got that, I realized a lot of people were pulling for me to be successful." It was at that point that the significance of the game began to dawn on her.
When Rhéaume joined the Lightning for a game, on September 23, 1992, she became the first woman to play in the NHL. While it might have felt like just another game for Rhéaume in the moment, in the years that have followed, she has realized it was so much more. "I didn't know that it would inspire so many people," she said. "It was more later in my life that I realized it was a big deal and I did impact people with my story."
Although her experience with the NHL was brief, Rhéaume inspired countless girls to pursue their hockey dreams. Almost twenty-eight years later, and she's still doing exactly that. Today, Rhéaume is the head coach of the 12U Little Caesars Girls in Detroit. "I always tell my players to follow their dreams no matter what the dream is and to believe in themselves," Rhéaume said. "Hard work and never giving up is what can make you succeed."
4、What troubled Rhéaume when she was at an early age?
A.Her poor hockey skills. B.Being shy about making friends.
C.Her outdoor playtime being taken away. D.Being excluded from hockey games.
5、How did Rhéaume's experience in her dressing room in Tampa Bay influence her?
A.It broadened her knowledge of sports. B.It pushed her to change her career.
C.It offered her support and strength. D.It made her fall in love with hockey.
6、What does the underlined word "deterred" in paragraph I mean?
A. disapproving B. disbelieving C. discouraged D. dishonest
7、What would be the best title for the text?
A. The first woman to play hockey.
B. Exploring the history of women's hockey.
C. Manon Rhéaume's brief experience in NHL games.
D. Manon Rhéaume still encouraging young women to dream.
The beauty of a single pheasant's feather(野鸡羽毛) caught Nick Orr's eye—and inspired him to produce something unique.
The art of the miniaturist(微型画画家) invites us to look at the familiar in a new way by reimagining it on a different scale.
This extraordinary inversion of the beauty of birds in flight expressed microscopically(微观地) through sculpting a sole flight feather came about by chance. Orr explains: "One day my daughter asked for some pheasant's feathers. It made me look at them and see how beautiful they were and I thought what a waste not to create something with them."
Having had his 10% of inspiration, Orr now had to go through 90% of perspiration(汗水) to find a way to work with feathers. Orr said, "I played around with various ideas and nothing really worked, and I was holding a bunch and started cutting them to shape and to my surprise they didn't fall apart."
It is as difficult to design the feather as it is to cut it out. The feather is my canvas and it is such a small canvas to work on—less than 3cm—and a very particular shape. Everything I depict must fit into that."
"I see birds so differently now. Now I see the feathers first and then see the bird. I will think about how I can recreate it on a feather."
Each individual feather is treated differently, with the feather itself playing a major part in the design of the eventual image. "Once I have an idea for a picture, I will start to sketch an overall outline on paper, at the same time as thinking about how it will fit a particular feather. I love the idea that I take a feather from a bird that most people think of as the ugliest on the planet and turn it into something beautiful."
And that's at the heart of Orr's work—to make us see what we normally miss.
8、How did Orr begin to work on his feather art works?
A. His whole family attempted to perfect a feather.
B. His daughter was crazy about the beautiful feathers.
C. He accidentally discovered the beauty of the feathers.
D. He always thought these feathers perfect medium.
9、What does Orr think of the work with feathers?
A. He believes inspiration and perspiration are of the same importance.
B. He thinks it of the same difficulty to design the feather as to shape it.
C. He finds it too difficult to cut a bunch of feather into different shapes.
D. He imagines the familiar single feather in the same way as people do.
10、Which of the following can best describe Orr?
A.imaginative & persistent B. generous & skilled
C.talented & caring D. curious & hardworking
11、What's the heart of Orr's work?
A. He can see what we normally miss on the planet.
B. He can see the feathers first and then see the bird.
C. He can turn the ugliest bird into something beautiful.
D. He can turn different feathers into different art works.
There's a new AI bot in town: ChatGPT, and you'd better pay attention, even if you aren't into artificial intelligence. ChatGPT is an AI chatbot system that OpenAI released in November to show off and test what a very large, powerful AI system can accomplish. You can ask it countless questions and often will get an answer that's useful. For example, you can ask it encyclopedia questions like, "Explain Newton's laws of motion." You can tell it, "Write me a poem," and when it does, say, "Now make it more exciting." You ask it to write a computer program that'll show you all the different ways you can arrange the letters of a word.
ChatGPT is a big deal. The tool seems pretty knowledgeable in areas where there's good training data for it to learn from. It's not all-knowing or smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound downright authoritative. A few days after its launch, more than a million people were trying out ChatGPT. And it's becoming big business. In January, Microsoft pledged to invest billions of dollars into OpenAI, saying it'll build features into cloud services. OpenAI announced a $20 per month ChatGPT Plus service that responds faster and gets new features sooner.
It's an Al that's trained to recognize patterns in vast series of text harvested from the internet, then further trained with human assistance to deliver more useful, better dialog. The answers you get may sound reasonable and even authoritative, but they might well be entirely wrong, as OpenAI warns. Sometimes, helpfully, it'll specifically warn you of its own shortcomings. For example, when I asked it who wrote the phrase "the squirming facts exceed the squamous mind," ChatGPT replied, "I'm sorry, but I am not able to browse the internet or access any external information beyond what I was trained on." (The phrase is from Wallace Stevens' 1942 poem Connoisseur of Chaos.)
The fact that it offers an answer at all, though, is a notable development in computing. Computers are famously literal, refusing to work unless you follow exact syntax and interface requirements. Large language models are revealing a more human-friendly style of interaction, not to mention an ability to generate answers that are somewhere between copying and creativity.
12、Which of the following can be a subtitle for the first paragraph?
A. What is ChatGPT?
B. What are the limits of ChatGPT?
C. What kind of questions can you ask?
D. Why is ChatGPT blowing everyone's mind?
13、What made ChatGPT a big deal?
A. More than a million users.
B. Investment of billions of dollors.
C. Its ability to generate creative answers.
D. The bright future promised by Microsoft.
14、We can infer the purpose of example in Paragraph Three is to ______.
A. Draw people's attention to OpenAI B. Reveal the weakness of ChatGPT
C. Explain work pattern of the system D. Show the methods of training ChatGPT
15、Which of the following best describes the author's attitude towards ChatGPT?
A.Opposed. B.Critical. C.Supportive. D.Objective.
二、七选五
16、An afternoon nap could improve your cognitive abilities
Taking an afternoon snooze could keep your brain sharp, a new study has said.
Adults aged 60 and older who took afternoon naps showed signs of better mental agility(敏捷) compared to those who didn't nap, according to a study published in General Psychiatry earlier this week.
Researchers analyzed napping habits in 2.214 older Chinese people and measured their cognitive(认知的) abilities using several cognitive tests.
The participants were divided into two categories. ①_____. The study defined naps as a period of sleep taken after lunch lasting between five minutes and two hours.
Nappers scored higher
Participants took the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. both of which test for memory, language and other cognitive abilities. ②_____, said lead study author Cai Han, geriatric psychiatrist.
In every category the analysis was listed in the study. Nappers tested statistically higher on average compared to their non-napping counterparts.
"This study found that a proper nap is beneficial to the maintenance of cognitive function. ③_____." Han said.
Many factors can affect sleep
④_____, said Dr. David Neubauer, associate professor in the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Daily routines , medication use, environmental factors, lifestyle choices and sleep disorders can all play a role in how frequently someone takes a nap, he said.
The study didn't gather specific data on the length of time each participant took a nap within the five-minute-to-two-hour range or what time in the afternoon they slept.
Here's how to power nap
Neubauer recommended taking a shorter "power nap" of up to 20 minutes to decrease the chances of transitioning into slow-wave sleep. ⑤_____.
Naps should also be taken earlier in the afternoon to limit their possible negative impact on the following night's sleep, he said.
A. Thus we encourage the elderly to take a proper nap.
B. Sleeping behaviors can be affected by a multitude of factors.
C. They were those who took regular naps and those who didn't.
D. Napping must be a healthy part of an older adult's day.
E. It makes people feel groggy(昏沉的) when they wake up.
F. Results showed that napping positively affected older adults' mental abilities.
G. Older individuals who want to preserve their cognitive functioning should prioritize nightmare sleep.
三、完形填空（20空）
Alan Turing is acknowledged as the father of the computer. He was also one of the most 1 British figures of the 20th century. In 1936, Turing 2 the computer as part of his attempt to 3 a difficult problem—a big headache for 4 at the time. Turing attacked the problem by 5 a machine with a(n) extremely long tape. The tape is 6 symbols that feed instructions to the machine, telling it how to 7 other symbols. Technically, this universal Turing machine is a mathematical 8 of the modern computers we all use today. However, Turing also 9 that not all mathematical problems can be solved by the machine.
Turing's contributions to the modern world were not merely 10 . During the second world war, Turing invented a machine that could 11 German code, which was supposed to be 12 to track. After the war. Turing continued to 13 his ideas about computer science. His most famous work came in 1950 when he published a paper asking "can machines think?". 14 , the Turing test that a machine could imitate human conversation came into being.
What is far less known about Turing is that he was a long-distance 15 and finished fifth in the AAA Marathon Championships, the British trial race for the Olympic Games in London in 1948. Although 16 individuals like Turing are often 17 to physical exercise to 18 their deeply intellectual work, few 19 as good at their sport as he did.
His real passion in life, apart from the computer, was to run in the Olympic Games, in the marathon. "I was probably 20 at the time, but I sometimes felt a lot older," He said. Because he had this extraordinary naivety, like a 15 year old, he bounced when he talked, and he had tremendous 20 .
17、A. hopeful B.ambitious C.humorous D. influential
18、A. used B. operated C. invented D. analyzed
19、A. solve B. raise C. discover D. search
20、A. mathematicians B. engineers
C. designers D. conductorstors
21、A. copying B. imagining C. exchanging D. checking
22、A. involved in B. added to C. trapped in D. covered with
23、A. attract B. control C. attack D. trust
24、A. pattern B. form C. model D. guess
25、A. conducted B. asked C. reflected D. determined
26、A. favorable B. theoretical C. strange D. passionate
27、A. break B. remember C. remind D. delete
28、A. necessary B. dangerous C. unfortunate D. impossible
29、A. develop B. recover C. plan D. separate
30、A. Generally B. Certainly C. Eventually D. Actually
31、A. traveller B. driver C. runner D. player
32、A. responsible B. outstanding C. optimistic D. disciplined
33、A. recommended B. forced
C. drawn D. advised
34、A. access B. escape C. resign D. close
35、A. turn out B. turn over C. turn back D. turn into
36、A. tolerance B. patience C. persistence D. enthusiasm
四、短文填空
37、 A sea creature renowned as the sunflower sea star was once ①_____(abundance) in the Pacific Ocean along the coast of North America. But in the last 10 years, about 90 percent of them ②_____(die).
Scientists at the University of Washington are trying to understand ③_____ the sea stars died. ④_____(do) so, they are growing them in a lab.
The sickness that killed them is known as sea star wasting syndrome. Jason Hodin, the top ⑤_____(research) at the Friday Harbor Marine Lab, said the sickness might have happened because of warmer water caused by climate change.
⑥____ lab is on San Juan Island, northwest of Seattle. Hodin called his lab the world's only "captive breeding program for the world's only ⑦_____(endanger) sea star."
The university's neuroscience department is also working on the study, ⑧_____(try) to find out if warmer water changes the way the stars move. The group is using special cameras to see how the stars move ⑨_____ to create 3-dimensional pictures that can show differences. The pictures would show differences even with small changes to their environments—such as a small water temperature change.
So far, researchers think the sea stars are able to survive in ⑩_____(warm) water.
五、短文改错
38、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改: 在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
A man had two sons. The younger one said to his father, 'Father, give me my part of the wealthy.' But the father divided his property between them. Not many days later, the younger son got all which he had, leave for a distant country where he spent everything. Then a severe famine hit that country, and he was on need. So he had joined himself to a citizen who sent her to feed pigs. And he would glad to fill his stomach with pigs' food. When he came to himself, he went back and said to his father: "Father, I am no longer worthy to be called your son; treat me as one of your hired servant." But his father was filling with compassion and threw his arms around him and kissed him.
六、书面表达
39、你校英文报新增了“榜样人物”专栏,正在面向全校学生征稿,请你以My Role Model为题写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1.人物的简介;
2.对你的影响;
注意:
1.词数100左右
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯
My Role Model
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据Cottonwood: Pizzeria Bocce Patio Bar部分中“Chef Michelle Jurisin traveled to Italy to become certified by Verace Pizza Napoletana. Pizzas are made the traditional way. They're topped with fresh ingredients and cooked in a wood-burning oven.(主厨Michelle Jurisin前往意大利获得Verace Pizza Napoletana的认证。披萨是用传统方法制作的。上面撒上新鲜的食材,在烧木头的烤箱里烤)”可知,Pizzeria Bocce Patio Bar的特色是用传统方法制作的意大利披萨。故选D项。
2、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Lake Havasu City: Burgers By the Bridge部分中“Sitting right at the water's edge, diners enjoy beautiful views of the boats, the bridge and palm trees from their shaded tables, everything in the kitchen is made fresh.(坐在水边,食客可以从阴凉的桌子上欣赏到美丽的船、桥和棕榈树,厨房里的一切都是新鲜的)”可知,在Burgers By the Bridge能看到河景。故选B项。
3、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Sedona: Mariposa Latin-Inspired Grill部分中“Natural stacked stone, rusted metal panels and walls of windows are part of the decor that's unlike anyplace else in Sedona.(天然堆叠的石头,生锈的金属板和窗户墙是装饰的一部分,不同于塞多纳的任何其他地方)”可知,Mariposa Latin-Inspired Grill的装饰让它在塞多纳与众不同。故选B项。
4、答案：D
解析：题干问:在她小时候什么困扰了Rheaume? A她糟糕的曲棍球技术;B害怕交朋友;C她的户外运动时间被取消了;D被曲棍球比赛排除在外。根据第一段第一句Growing up, playing hockey with her brothers and the boys in the area, Rhéaume learned pretty quickly that, despite her abilities, she was often cut from teams simply because she was a girl.(成长过程中,一直与她的兄弟和当地的男孩们一起打曲棍球,她很快就意识到,尽管她有能力,但她经常被球队排除,仅仅是因为她是一个女孩。),可知D符合题意,表示小时候困扰Rhéaume的是被曲棍球比赛排除在外。故答案为D。
5、答案：C
解析：题干问:在Tampa Bay(坦帕湾), Rhéaume更衣室的经历如何影响她的?A它拓宽了她的运动知识;B它推动她改变职业;C它给她提供了支持和力量;D它让她爱上了曲棍球。根据第三段第三四五句"It was from a radio station in Montreal and the card said go further, good luck to you, we're all behind you and you're not alone," she said. "When I got that, I realized a lot of people were pulling for me to be successful." It was at that point that the significance of the game began to dawn on her.("这是从蒙特利尔的一个广播电台发来的,卡片上写着:走得更远,祝你好运,我们都在你身后,你不是一个人。"她说。"当我看到那时,我意识到很多人都在支持我,鼓励我要成功。"就在那时,她开始意识到这个比赛的重要性。),可知C符合题意,更衣室的经历给了她支持和力量。故答案为C。
6、答案：C
解析：题干问:第一段划线单词“deterred”意思是什么?A不赞成的,反对的;B不信的,怀疑的;C灰心的,丧气的,气馁的;D不诚实的,不可靠的,不正直的。根据第一段第二三句Although it was frustrating for the youngster, she was not deterred. She continued to work hard and develop her skills to prove she could compete with the boys.(虽然这对于这个年轻人来说很令人沮丧,但是她并没有气馁或被吓倒。她继续努力工作,发展自己的技能,以证明她可以与男孩子们竞争。),可知C符合题意,deterred可表示灰心的,丧气的,气馁的。故答案为C。
7、答案：D
解析：略
8、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The beauty of a single pheasant's feather(野鸡羽毛) caught Nick Orr's eye—and inspired him to produce something unique.(一根雉鸡羽毛的美丽吸引了尼克·奥尔的眼球,并激发了他创作独特作品的灵感。)”可知,他偶然发现了羽毛的美,便开始了他的羽毛艺术创作。故选C。
9、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段“It is as difficult to design the feather as it is to cut it out. The feather is my canvas and it is such a small canvas to work on-less than 3cm—and a very particular shape. Everything I depict must fit into that.”(“设计羽毛和剪羽毛一样困难。羽毛是我的画布,它是一块很小的画布,不到3厘米,形状很特别。我所描绘的一切都必须符合这一点。”)可知,他认为设计羽毛和塑造羽毛同样困难。故选B。
10、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The beauty of a single pheasant's feather(野鸡羽毛) caught Nick Orr's eye-and inspired him to produce something unique.(一根雉鸡羽毛的美丽吸引了尼克·奥尔的眼球,并激发了他创作独特作品的灵感。)”和文章第四段“Having had his 10% of inspiration, Orr now had to go through 90% of perspiration(汗水) to find a way to work with feathers.(在有了10%的灵感之后,奥尔现在必须付出90%的汗水才能找到一种与羽毛一起工作的方法。)”可推知,他是一个富有想象力和坚持不懈的人。故选A。
11、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“And that's at the heart of Orr's work—to make us see what we normally miss.(而这正是奥尔作品的核心—让我们看到我们通常错过的东西。)”可知,他作品的核心是他能看到我们在这个星球上通常看不到的东西。故选A。
12、答案：A
解析：题干的意思是下列哪项可以作为第一段的副标题。根据第一段关键词“is an AI chatbot system” “You can” “You ask”等可知,第一段主要讲的是介绍ChatGPT是什么,以及它能做什么。B选项的意思是“ChatGPT的限制是什么”,C选项的意思是“你可以回答什么类型的问题”,D选项的意思是“为什么ChatGPT让每个人都大吃一惊”选项A“什么是ChatGPT”最符合题意。故答案为A。
13、答案：C
解析：题干的意思是是什么让ChatGPT如此重要。细节理解题,根据第二段第二、三句“The tool seems... can sound authoritative.”(该工具在有良好训练数据供其学习的领域似乎非常了解。它还不够聪明,无法取代所有人类,但它可以发挥创造力,它的答案听起来很权威。)可知,ChatGPT之所以很重要,是因为它在受到良好训练的领域非常博学,可以给出有创意性的答案。A选项的意思是“超过百万的使用者”,B选项的意思是“数十亿美金的投资”,C选项的意思是“可以给出有创意性的答案”,D选项的意思是“微软承诺的光明未来”。C选项最符合题意,故答案为C。
14、答案：B
解析：题干的意思是我们可以推断出第三段中示例的目的是……。推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句“The answers you get... warn you of its own shortcomings.”(正如OpenAI警告的那样,你得到的答案可能听起来合理甚至权威,但实际上是完全错误的。有时,它会特别警告你它自己的缺点。),并结合关键词“But” “warns” “shortcomings”可知,作者写第三段的目的是为了告诉我们虽然ChatGPT很好,但也有一些缺点。A选项的意思是“吸引人们对Open AI的注意”,B选项的意思是“揭示ChatGPT的缺点”,C选项的意思是“解释训练系统的工作模式”,D选项的意思是“显示训练ChatGPT的方法”。B选项最符合题意,故答案为B。
15、答案：C
解析：略
16、答案：CFABE
解析：①上文“The participants were divided into two categories.(参与者被分为两类)”提出参与实验的人要分为两组,C项“They were those who took regular naps and those who didn't.(他们是有规律午睡和没有规律午睡的两组)”承接上文,给出具体分组情况,上下文衔接自然。故选C项。
②上文“Participants took the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, both of which test for memory, language and other cognitive abilities.(参与者参加了细微精神状态测试和北京版的蒙特利尔认知评估,这两项测试都是对记忆、语言和其他认知能力的测试)”提出对参与实验者进行了测试,结合标题“Nappers scored higher(午睡者得分更高)”可知,本段要展示的结论是,有规律午睡的人测试成绩更好。F项“Results showed that napping positively affected older adults' mental abilities.(结果显示午睡对老年人的智力有积极影响)说明了测试结果,与标题一致,上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
③上文“This study found that a proper nap is beneficial to the maintenance of cognitive function.(本研究发现,适当的午睡有利于认知功能的维持)”提出打午睡的好处,A项“Thus we encourage the elderly to take a proper nap.(因此,我们鼓励老年人适当午睡)”承接上文,与上文构成因果关系,上下文衔接自然。故选A项。
④下文“Daily routines, medication use, environmental factors, lifestyle choices and sleep disorders can all play a role in how frequently someone takes a nap,” he said.(他说,日常生活、药物使用、环境因素、生活方式的选择和睡眠障碍都可能影响一个人小睡的频率)”详细列举了影响睡眠的因素,是对B项“Sleeping behaviors can be affected by a multitude of factors.(睡眠行为会受到多种因素的影响)”的举例说明,句中“a multitude of factors”与下文“Daily routines, medication use, environmental factors, lifestyle choices and sleep disorders”相照应,上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
⑤上文“Neubauer recommended taking a shorter “power nap” of up to 20 minutes to decrease the chances of transitioning into slow-wave sleep.(纽鲍尔建议小睡最多20分钟,以减少进入慢波睡眠的机会)”提出要避免慢波睡眠,E项“It makes people feel groggy(昏沉的) when they wake up.(它会让人醒来时感到昏昏沉沉)”指出慢波睡眠会带来的影响,说明要避免慢波睡眠的原因,上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
17、答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他也是20世纪英国最有影响力的人物之一。A. hopeful有希望的;B.ambitious有抱负的;C.humorous幽默的;D.influential有影响力的。根据上文“Alan Turing is acknowledged as the father of the computer.”可推知,图灵是最有影响力的人物之一。故选D项。
18、答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:1936年,图灵发明了计算机,试图解决一个难题—这是当时数学家们非常头疼的问题。A.used使用;B.operated操作;C. invented发明;D.analyzed分析。根据上文“Alan Turing is acknowledged as the father of the computer.”可知,图灵是计算机之父,可以说他发明了计算机。故选C项。
19、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:1936年,图灵发明了计算机,试图解决一个难题—这是当时数学家们非常头疼的问题。A.solve解决;B.raise提升;C.discover发现;D.search搜查。根据句中"a difficult problem"和下文"Turing attacked the problem by    5    a machine"可推知, 图灵发明了计算机是为了解决难题。故选A项。
20、答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:1936年,图灵发明了计算机,试图解决一个难题—这是当时数学家们非常头疼的问题。A.mathematicians数学家;B.engineers工程师;C.designers设计师;D.conductors指挥。根据下文可知, 图灵发明的计算机可以用来解决数学问题, 由此推知,图灵当时为了解决一个让数学家们非常头疼的问题,发明了计算机。故选A项。
21、答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:图灵想象了一台有一根极长的纸带的机器,用来解决了这个问题。A.copying复制;B.imagining想像;C.exchanging交换;D.checking检查。根据上文可知,为了解决一个让数学家们非常头疼的问题,图灵决定发明一台机器。而这台机器是之前没有的事物,是他想象出来的东西。故选B项。
22、答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意:纸带上覆盖着符号,这些符号向机器提供指令,告诉它如何控制其他符号。A.(be)involved in参与;B.(be)added to被加进;C.(be)trapped in陷入困境;D.(be)covered with被覆盖。根据上文“a(n) extremely long tape”可推知,这些符号是写在纸带上的,所以纸带上覆盖着符号。故选D项。
23、答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:纸带上覆盖着符号,这些符号向机器提供指令,告诉它如何控制其他符号。A. attract吸引;B.control控制;C.attack进攻;D.trust信任。根据句中“instructions to the machine”可推知,这些符号要告诉机器如何控制其它符号。故选B项。
24、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:从技术上讲,这个通用图灵机是我们今天使用的现代计算机的数学模型。A.pattem模式;B.form表格;C.model模型;D.guess猜测。根据第一段中“Alan Turing is acknowledged as the father of the computer.”可知,图灵是计算机之父,由些推知,他发明的通用图灵机是现代计算机的数学模型。故选C项。
25、答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而,图灵也确定,并不是所有的数学问题都可以用机器来解决。A.conducted实施;B.asked询问;C.reflected反映;D.determined查明,确定。根据句中“that not all mathematical problems can be solved by the machine.”可知,这是图灵对自己发明的通用图灵机的认识,是他经过实践确定的事情。故选D项。
26、答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:图灵对现代世界的贡献不仅仅是理论上的。A.favorable赞成的;B.theoretical理论的;C.strange陌生的;D.passionate热情的。根据上文“Technically, this universal Turing machine is a mathematical 8 of the modern computers we all use today.”可知,通用图灵机是数学模型,所以更多的是理论上的贡献。故选B项。
27、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:在第二次世界大战期间,图灵发明了一种可以破译德国密码的机器,这种密码被认为是无法追踪的。A.break破解,破译;B.remember记得;C.remind提醒;D.delete删除。根据句中“During the second world war”和“German code”可推知,图灵发明的机器可以破译二战中德国的密码。故选A项。
28、答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在第二次世界大战期间,图灵发明了一种可以破译德国密码的机器,这种密码被认为是无法追踪的。A.necessary必要的;B.dangerous危险的;C.unfortunate不幸的;D.impossible不可能的。根据上文“Turing machine is a mathematical 8 of the modern computers we all use today.”可知,破译德国密码的机器也是图灵对现代世界的贡献,由此推知,破译机器在二次世界大战期间是巨大的贡献,因为德国的密码被认为是无法追踪。故选D项。
29、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:战后,图灵继续发展他的计算机科学思想。A.develop发展;B.recover恢复;C.plan计划;D.separate分离。根据下文“His most famous work came in 1950 when he published a paper asking ‘can machines think’?”可推知,战后图灵继续发展计算机科学思想。故选A项。
30、答案：C
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意:最终,机器可以模仿人类对话的图灵测试诞生了。A.Generally大概;B.Certainly确定;C. Eventually最终;D.Actually实际上。句中“the Turing test”是图灵继续进行研究,最终得到的成果。故选C项。
31、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:图灵鲜为人知的是,他是一名长跑运动员,并在1948年伦敦奥运会的英国预选赛AAA马拉松锦标赛中获得第五名。A.traveller旅行者;B.driver司机;C.runner跑步者;D.player运动员。根据句中“finished fifth in the AAA Marathon Championships”可知,图灵也是长跑运动员。故选C项。
32、答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:虽然像图灵这样杰出的人经常被体育锻炼所吸引,以逃避他们深奥的智力工作,但很少有人能像他那样擅长这项运动。A.responsible负责的;B.outstanding杰出的;C.optimistic乐观的;D.disciplined训练有素的。根据上文可知,图灵在很多领域作出杰出贡献,所以他是一个“杰出的”的个体。故选B项。
33、答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:虽然像图灵这样杰出的人经常被体育锻炼所吸引,以逃避他们深奥的智力工作,但很少有人能像他那样擅长这项运动。A.recommended推荐;B.forced强迫;C.drawn吸引;D.advised建议。上文讲图灵是一名优秀的长跑运动员,结合句中“individuals like Turing are often”可推知,其它像图灵这样杰出的人也常常被体育锻炼所吸引。故选C项。
34、答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:虽然像图灵这样杰出的人经常被体育锻炼所吸引,以逃避他们深奥的智力工作,但很少有人能像他那样擅长这项运动。A.access接近;B.escape逃避;C.resign辞职;D.close关闭。结合常识和句中“their deeply intellectual work”可推知,这些像图灵这样杰出的人参加体育锻炼是为了逃避他们深奥的智力工作。故选B项。
35、答案：A
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意:虽然像图灵这样杰出的人经常被体育锻炼所吸引,以逃避他们深奥的智力工作,但很少有人能像他那样擅长这项运动。A.turn out最后是,结果是;B.turn over翻过来;C.turn back往回走;D.turn into变成。根据句中“as good at their sport as he did.”可知,尽管被体育锻炼所吸引的杰出人才很多,但最终很少有人像图灵那样成功。故选A项。
36、答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:因为他非常天真,就像一个15岁的孩子,他说话的时候蹦蹦跳跳,有着极大的激情。A.tolerance忍受;B.patience耐心;C.persistence'坚持不懈;D.enthusiasm激情。根据句中“he bounced when he talked”可推知,图灵充满了激情。故选D项。
37、答案：①abundant②have died③why④To do⑤researcher⑥The⑦endangered⑧trying⑨and⑩warmer
解析：①考查形容词。句意:一种被称为向日葵海星的海洋生物曾经大量分布在北美太平洋沿岸。空处需填形容词abundant作表语。故填abundant。
②考查动词时态。句意:但在过去的10年里,大约90%的向日葵海星已经死亡。根据时间状语“in the last 10 years”可知,此处处使用现在完成时,主语为about 90 percent of them,助动词用have。故填have abundant。
③考查宾语从句。句意:华盛顿大学的科学家们正试图了解海星死亡的原因。空处引导宾语从句,连接词在从句中作原因状语,需用连接副词why引导。故填why。
④考查非谓语动词。句意:为了做到这一点,他们在实验室里培养它们。空处需填动词不定式to do,作目的状语,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填To do。
⑤考查名词。句意:周五港海洋实验室的首席研究员杰森·霍丁说,这种疾病可能是由于气候变化导致的海水变暖造成的。空处需填名词researcher,作Jason Hodin的同位语。故填researcher。
⑥考查冠词。句意:该实验室位于西雅图西北部的圣胡安岛。此处第二次提到实验室,表示特指,需用定冠词the修饰,句首字母需大写。故填The。
⑦考查形容词。句意:霍丁称他的实验室是世界上唯一的“世界上唯一濒危海星的圈养繁殖项目”。空处需填形容词endangered,作定语,修饰名词sea star。故填endangered。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意:该大学的神经科学系也在进行这项研究,试图找出温暖的水是否会改变恒星的运动方式。空处需填非谓语动词作状语,The university's neuroscience department和try为逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式。故填trying。
⑨考查连词。句意:该小组正在使用特殊的相机来观察海星是如何运动的,并创建可以显示差异的三维图像。“to see how the stars move”和“to create 3-dimensional pictures”为并列关系,需用连词and连接。故填and。
⑩考查比较级。句意:到目前为止,研究人员认为海星能够在更温暖的水中生存。空处需填形容词作定语,表示“更温暖的”,应用形容词warmer。故填warmer。
38、答案：
A man had two sons. The younger one said to his father, 'Father, give me my part of the .' the father divided his property between them. Not many days later, the younger son got all he had, for a distant country where he spent everything. Then a severe famine hit that country, and he was need. So he joined himself to a citizen who sent to feed pigs. And he would glad to fill his stomach with pigs' food. When he came to himself, he went back and said to his father: "Father, I am no longer worthy to be called your son; treat me as one of your hired ." But his father was with compassion and threw his arms around him and kissed him.
39、答案：
Tu Youyou, the first female Chinese scientist to receive a Nobel Prize, is the role model in my heart.
After graduating from university, she acquired a broad knowledge of both Chinese and Western medicine through constant learning. Determined to find a cure for malaria, she referred to numerous ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine. After working tirelessly and going through many failures, she eventually discovered artemisinin, the world's most effective drug for fighting malaria, thus saving millions of lives all over the world.
Tu Youyou's life story tells me that under no circumstances shall we acknowledge defeat and that success will belong to those who insists on trying.