考点13 定语从句-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习（上海专用）

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考点13 定语从句



考向一：定语从句的基本概念及其功能意义
我们先看以下几个句子：
（1）This is his book.
（2）Please turn on that green light.
（3）Do you like the beautiful flowers?
在这些句子中的book, light, flowers前面的修饰语只是简单词,它们对后面的几个名词起一种修饰作用。那如果要表达以下几个句子又该怎么办呢？
（1）我昨天买的 这本书不贵。
（2）住在我隔壁的 这个人是卖菜的。
（3）那是 他们去年住的 房子。
（4）小明还记得 他第一次来广州 那天。
这时,我们会发现,只用简单词来做修饰语还不行，有的时候需要用句子来表达意思：
(1): This book ( that / which) I bought yesterday is not expensive.
(2): The man that / who lives next to me sells vegetables.
(3): That is the house where they lived last year.
(4): Xiaoming still remembers the day when he first came to Guangzhou.

这些斜体部分的句子就是定语从句。我们把在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的句子称之为定语从句。上面四句中的book, man, house, day是定语从句被修饰的词, 叫作先行词，用来引导从句的that, which, who 叫作关系代词（一般情况下，定语从句放在先行词后面），where, when 叫作关系副词。

考向二：定语从句的构成及类别
关系代词

That

人，物
主语
宾语
(1) The house that was built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.
(2) The teacher that teaches us is a teacher of English.

Which

物
宾语
主语
(1) They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (which在从句中作主语)
(2) The fish (which ) we bought were not fresh. (which在从句中作宾语)
Who
人
主语
宾语
The men who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.(who在从句中作主语)
*Whom
人
宾语
The man (whom ) you just talked to is Mr. Li. (whom在从句中作宾语)
Whose
人，物
定语
(1)I know a boy whose mother is a teacher in our school.
(2) He like the book whose cover(封面) is a picture.
注：在whose 后面，一定要有名词，因为它起到定语的作用，用来修饰名词。
as
人，物
主语
宾语
This is a same pen as I lost yesterday.
He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
关系副词
Where
地点
状语
The factory where his father works is I the west of the city.
Why
原因
状语
The reason why you were late was unbelievable.
When
时间
状语
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

【即学即练】
1. The factory _____ my friend works is far from my home.
A. when B. where C. which D. what
2. The factory _____ my friend visited last year is far from my home.
A. when B. where C. which D. what
3. I won’t forget the day ____ I was born.
A. that B. when C. which D. in which
4.I won’t forget the day ____ I spent in Nan Hua Temple three days ago
A. that B. when C. what D. on that
上面的第1、2题有相似之处，同样，第3、4题也是。
第1题答案是B，而第2题的是C，为什么题目貌似相同，答案却各异呢？
我们要分析句子：首先找出句子的主干，第1句“The factory _____ my friend works is far from my home ”的主干是“The factory is far from my home ”，然后找出先行词，该句的先行词是factory，再看看定语从句部分是从哪里到哪里，不难看出，这个句子的定语从句部分是 “_____ my friend works ”，想想，如果在横线上填上which, that 可不可以？如果填上去的话，那这个关系词就得在从句中作主语或宾语，但work 这个词不是及物动词, 从逻辑上讲,其后是不能直接接宾语的,但可带状语。所以，该题应选B。
我们再看第2题，“The factory _____ my friend visited last year is far from my home. ” 按上述分析法，可以看出定语从句部分“_____ my friend visited last year ”缺的是宾语，visit 的逻辑宾语。因此，答案选C。
请用上述的分析方法自己分析第3和第4题。这两题的答案分别为B和A。

考向三：定语从句中几个须注意的问题
（一） 关于 “ 介词 + which / whom ” 结构
我们还是先看几个句子：
1. The person whom you should write to is Mr. Brown.
2. That house that they are living in belongs to me.
3. The day which my sister was born on is March, 1999.
4. She showed me the dictionary which she paid a lot money for.
5. The man whom you spoke to last night is my father.

考虑一下，把上述五句的介词去掉可否？当然不行，因为句中的whom，that, which等在从句中无法做动词的宾语，那么就要在动词后加个合适的介词，句子才通。因此，这些句子也可说成：
6. The person to whom you should write is Mr. Brown.
7. That house in which they are living belongs to me.
8. The day on which my sister was born is March, 1999.
9. She showed me the dictionary for which she paid a lot money.
10. The man to whom you spoke last night is my father.
注意：
1 在第2句中的介词in 如果要前置放到关系词前面，则不能写成：
That house in that they are living belongs to me.
应该写成： That house in which they are living belongs to me.
2 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.    (正)    
This is the watch for which I am looking .    (误)

（二） 关于 “介词 + whose + 名词”结构
首先我们来看两个句子。
The boss went to the hospital. Mr King worked in the boss’s company.
如果我们要把这两句话整合成一句话，该怎样做呢？可能同学们会想到以下的答案：
Mr King worked in the company whose boss went to the hospital.
但是更贴近原意的表达应该是怎么样的呢？
这类定语从句并不太难。其实我们可以把它理解为 “介词+关系词”与whose 的定语从句的结合体。The boss, in whose company Mr. King worked went to the hospital.

（三） 关于只用 that不用which的时候
这样的情况通常有4种：
1． 当先行词有最高级形容词修饰时，定语从句通常用关系代词that来引导,如
This is the best film (that) I have seen.
2． 当先行词前有序数词，only, very, the first, the last等修饰词时，定语从句也常用that 来引导。如
She is the only person (that) I can believe in.
That is the first car that arrived this morning.
3. 当先行词之前有不定代词all, any, every, no等词时，其后的定语从句常用that 来引导。如
All the people that come from the country work much harder.
This is all (that) I can tell you.
4. 当先行词既指人有指事物的时候, 如
He is not interested in the people and the things that he saw in the market.

（四） 关于只用which不用that的时候
1在非限制性定语从句
2在定语从句中，用来代替事物或前面的句子的时候（详见下面的内容）

考向四：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
关于非限制性定语从句（非限制性定语从句也称为非限定性定语从句）
对于这项内容的基本问题，主要掌握好在非限制性定语从句中从句和主句间往往用逗号隔开这一特征，而且要注意，在非限制性定语从句中的关系词不用that, 如
Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy.
The dam, which is the biggest in the world, is 3800 metres long.
The workers, some of whom stayed for four years, came from different countries.

（1）限制性定语从句和主句关系密切，如果省略了，主句的意思不明确，而且，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。而非限制性定语从句则不同。
This is the best novel that I have read.
This is a good novel, which is famous and popular.
又如：
She has a son who studies in Britain.
她有个在美国留学的儿子。（意思含有：她可能还有别的孩子）
She has a son, who studies in Britain.
她有个儿子在美国留学。（意思含有：她只有一个儿子）

（2）限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句。此时一般由关系代词which或as来引导。如：
Jenny was late again, which made her teacher angry.
My wife is patient with my son, which I am seldom.

I am good at English, as you know.
As he pointed out, your words were wrong.（as引导非限制性定语从句时，可以在主句的前或后。）

用which代替整个句子的用法
The bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
Tom was playing his gameboy, which made his teacher quite angry.

as和which的用法
as引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和the same…as，such…as，的结构中。
1.as与which都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句，并代表前面整个句子或主句中的表语。
He married the girl，as(which)was natural.
He seemed a foreigner, as(which)in fact he was.

不同的是：as引导的定语从句可以前置，而which不行。
As was natural, he married the girl.
As we know, the earth is round.

2.在the same…as, such…as,结构中，same, such,之后应是名词。
We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.
We hope to get such a tool as he is using.

这些结构也可以用which改写。但要去掉这种结构，不能直接用which代替as。以上两句分别可以改写成：
We are facing the problems which we faced years ago.
We hope to get the tool which he is using.
注意：the same…as与the same…that引导的定语从句在意义上的区别是：前者修饰的是与原物同样的；而后者修饰的就是先行词同样的东西。是比较：

This is the same watch as I lost. 这和我丢失的那一只表一样。（不是同一只）
This is the same watch that I lost. 这就是我丢失的那一只表。（同一只）

【即学即练】
1. ___ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month．(NMET01)
A． That B． It       C． Which D． As
2.The result of the experiment was very good, ＿＿ we hadn’t expected．
A． when B． that C． which D． what
3. ___ is mentioned above the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing．
A． Which B． As           C． That D． It
4.Those houses are sold at such a low price ___ people expected． (上00)
A． like B． as           C． that D． which
分析：1－4DCBB ①as引导的定语从句可放在主句之前、之后或插在句中，而which引导的从句只能放在主句后面。如题1，as引导的从句置于句首。②as引导定语从句有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which没有，如题2和题3。③在固定结构“such．．．as”， “the same．．． as”中用as而不用which，如题4。


1．—Jenny, I talked back to my mother last night. What should I do?
—You are supposed to say sorry. Parents are the people ________ love you ________ in the world.
A．who; better B．who; most C．whom; better D．whom; most
2．Chances belong to those ________ keep trying. As long as you keep working hard, you’ll get a big success sooner or later.
A．who B．that C．whom D．which
3．—Do you admire Dr. Zhang Wenhong?
—Of course! He is a kind-hearted doctor ________ is professional and humorous.
A．whom B．which C．who D．where
4．Curling(冰壶)is a winter sport ________ is getting more and more popular in China.
A．who B．what C．where D．which
5．John is the boy ________ legs were badly hurt in the accident.
A．who B．which C．whom D．whose
6．This is the skirt _______ I bought yesterday.
A．who B．whom C．where D．that
7．After retiring, my teacher Mr. Dai moved to the village he was born sixty years ago.
A．when B．which C．where D．what
8．This is the small village inn ______ not long ago.
A．we stayed B．where we stayed
C．which we stayed D．where we stayed in
9．It’s an organization ________ can help poor children.
A．who B．which C．where D．when
10．Is this the girl _________ you met yesterday?
A．whom B．whose C．which D．what
11．—These days, many kids are very interested in the song Lonely Warriors. Why?
—Maybe they think it’s a song ________ has great lyrics and rhrhythm.
A．which B．who C．where D．what
12．—What kind of movies do you like?
—I like the movies ________ can make me laugh.
A．where B．what C．which D．when
13．— Have you read the book The old man and the sea written by the American writer, Hemingway?
— Of course, an amazing story. It’s the best book ________ I’ve ever read.
A．which B．what C．who D．that
14．—Do you know the boy ________ is under the tree?
—Oh, he is my cousin.
A．which B．who C．whom D．whose
15．Michael Jackson was a singer ________ is considered as the king of pop music.
A．what B．whose C．who D．which
16．—Have you heard of the place ________ he visited last summer?
—Yes, it is the very place ________ the great writer, Lu Xun was born.
A．where; where B．where; that C．/; where D．that; that
17．The woman ________ is the most important in my life is my mother.
A．which B．who C．whom D．what
18．The woman ________ is the most important in my life is my mother.
A．whom B．what C．which D．who
19．Could you tell me the result of the discussion ________ you had made in the meeting just now?
A．who B．when C．how D．that
20．As we all know, a doctor is a person ________ looks after people’s health.
A．who B．whose C．which D．whom


21．—Do you know who Su Bingtian is?
—Yes, he is a famous runner ________ set the new Asian record of 9.83 second in men’s 100-meter race at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
A．who B．whom C．whose D．which
22．—Have you watched the TV play “Like a Flowing River”?
—Yes. It’s the most popular TV play ________ makes people know about the reform and opening-up policy.
A．where B．that C．what D．whom
23．—What kind of job do you like?
—Oh, I prefer the job ________ can make our city more beautiful.
A．what B．which C．whose D．who
24．—At present young people prefer WeChat to keep in touch with their friends.
—Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ________ people like.
A．which B．what C．who D．that
25．—We are proud of the great changes ________ our country has had these years.
—Yes, so many villages have taken on a new look.
A．that B．what C．who D．where
26．The unforgettable experience ________ we had in the summer camp makes us grow up.
A．who B．whose C．which D．whom
27．The CD ________ my uncle bought for me as a birthday gift is my favorite.
A．which B．who C．what D．whose
28．Many people here like this beautiful park ________ is full of colorful flowers.
A．who B．where C．which D．what
29．I like books ________ are about powerful and successful people.
A．whose B．what C．who D．which
30．I really admire those volunteers ________ can offer to help people in trouble.
A．who B．which C．whom D．what
31．— I heard that AECM（抗疫表彰会）was held in Lanzhou on April 26th.
— Yes. I really look up to those heroes in Gansu ________ have made great achievements（成就）
A．who B．which C．where D．whose
32．—Susan still misses ________ in Wenzhou.
—I know. Local snacks are her favourite.
A．the friendly people who she met B．the days which she spent with us
C．the famous places that she visited D．the delicious food which she tried
33．A memorial meeting was held to honor the heroes ________ lost their lives during the outbreak of COVID-19.
A．who B．which C．what D．whose
34．Yuan Longping is one of the greatest scientists ________ I respect a lot.
A．why B．which C．what D．that
35．—Have you found the mobile phone _________ you lost in the taxi yesterday?
—Not yet. I’ll have to buy a new one.
A．which B．what C．who D．where
36．This is the first birthday gift ________ I received. I’ve kept it many years.
A．that B．who C．what D．which
37．—Hey, Bob. What are you doing?
—I’m writing a thank-note to ________.
A．the student who usually plays basketball with us
B．the neighbour who often makes noise in the midnight
C．the passenger who got on the wrong bus this morning
D．the worker who often picks up rubbish in the local park
38．According to a recent study, adults ________ often do housework might stay healthy into old age.
A．when B．which C．who D．what
39．— Tom, what kind of stories do you prefer?
— The ones ________ have a happy ending.
A．that B．who C．those D．whom
40．—Volunteering is a meaningful activity.
—I agree. We should express thanks to the people ________ do volunteer jobs.　　
A．whom B．what C．who D．which


41．—Mom is waiting. Can we set off now?
—Just a minute. I can’t find the shoes ________ I bought last week.
A．that B．who C．what D．who
42．He ________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
A．whom B．/ C．which D．who
43．—What kind of movies do you like?
—I prefer movies _________ me something to think about.
A．whom give B．who gives C．which give D．that gives
44．Students love the teachers ________ are outgoing and humorous.
A．who B．whom C．which D．whose
45．—Do you like the movie ________ is called The Battle at Lake Changjin?
—Sure. I think no movie is ________ than it.
A．that; more touching B．what; less touching C．that; more touched D．which; less touched
46．—Do you know the girl ________ is standing over there?
—Yes. She is my sister.
A．when B．where C．who D．which
47．Agatha Christie was a female writer ________ is considered the queen of crime novels.
A．what B．whose C．who D．which
48．—I have read books ________ were written by Charles Dickens.
—So do I. David Copperfield is my favorite.
A．how B．who C．what D．that
49．I will never forget the people _________ helped me a lot during my hard time.
A．which B．who C．whose D．whom
50．Great changes have taken place here. Everything ________ comes into my eyes is so new to me.
A．that B．which C．who D．whom
51．—Have you heard of the story of Mulan?
—Of course. Mulan is a brave girl ________ her father’s place to fight in the army.
A．whom take B．that take C．which takes D．who takes
52．I’ll never forget the place ________ we visited together last year.
A．which B．what C．who D．whom
53．In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one ______ is well worth reading.
A．who B．that C．whom D．what
54．— What can we do for the left-home children in the village ________ need help?
— We could help them with their study online on weekends.
A．which B．whom C．whose D．who
55．We follow ________ that car has left in the grass.
A．mark B．marking C．the marks D．to mark
56．China is getting better at making the most popular high-tech products ________ can be bought in all parts of the world.
A．who B．which C．what D．that
57．—Is the woman ______ walked past just now your teacher?
—Yes, she teaches ______ English and we all love her very much.
A．which; our B．who; us C．which; us D．that; our
58．We’ll never forget the heroes ________ bring people hope in difficult times.
A．which B．whom C．whose D．who
59．I’d like to express my thanks to everyone ________ served the community.
A．which B．who C．where D．when
60．The victim wanted to report the crime ________ his boss had committed to the police.
A．which B．whom C．who D．what


参考答案：
1．B
【详解】句意：——珍妮，我昨晚跟我妈妈顶嘴了。我该怎么办？——你应该说对不起。父母是世界上最爱你的人。
考查定语从句和形容词最高级。根据定语从句先行词为“people”，且从句缺主语可知，引导词用who；根据“in the world”可知，从句表达最爱你的人，故用最高级best。故选B。
2．A
【详解】句意：机会属于不断尝试的人。 只要你继续努力，你迟早会获得巨大的成功。
考查定语从句。根据“Chances belong to those”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词“those”指人，且在句中作主语，用引导词who。故选A。
3．C
【详解】句意：——你佩服张文宏医生吗？——当然！ 他是一位专业而幽默的善良医生。
考查定语从句。根据“He is a kind-hearted doctor”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词“doctor”是人，在从句中作主语，用引导词who。故选C。
4．D
【详解】句意：冰壶是一项在中国越来越流行的冬季运动。
考查定语从句。which指物，在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语；who指人，在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语；where是地点，在引导的定语从句中作状语；what不能引导定语从句。本题中定语从句缺主语，先行词又是sport，故用which引导。故选D。
5．D
【详解】句意：John是那个在事故中腿严重受伤的男孩。
考查定语从句。who指代人，作主语或宾语；which指代物，作主语或宾语；whom指代人，作宾语；whose作定语。此处修饰名词“legs”，作定语，因此用“whose”，指“男孩的”。故选D。
6．D
【详解】句意：这是我昨天买的短裙。
考查定语从句。先行词“the skirt”指物，在从句中作宾语，用that引导定语从句。故选D。
7．C
【详解】句意：退休后，我的老师戴先生搬到了他60年前出生的那个村子。
考查定语从句的关系词。when什么时候，何时；which哪一个， 哪一些；where在哪里；what什么。根据句意可知，空前先行词the village在从句中作地点状语，要用关系副词where，故选C。
8．B
【详解】句意：这就是我们不久前住过的小村庄旅店。
考查定语从句，观察句子，先行词为“village inn乡村客栈”，所以关系词应该用关系副词where，所以后面不应该再接介词，故选B。
9．B
【详解】句意：这是一个可以帮助贫困儿童的组织。
考查关系词辨析。who谁；which哪个；where在哪里；when什么时候。先行词“organization”指物，关系词应用which，在从句中作主语。故选B。
10．A
【详解】句意：这就是你昨天遇到的那个女孩吗？
考查定语从句。whom指人，在从句中作宾语；whose谁的，在从句中作定语；which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不引导定语从句。先行词girl指人，且在从句做met的宾语，应用whom，故选A。

11．A
【详解】句意：——现在，很多孩子对《孤勇者》这首歌很感兴趣。为什么？——也许他们认为这是一首歌词和节奏都很棒的歌。
考查定语从句。 which哪一个；who谁；where在哪里；what什么。此处是定语从句，先行词song是指物，在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句，故选A。
12．C
【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么类型的电影？——我喜欢能让我笑的电影。
考查定语从句。where哪里，先行词指地点；what什么，不引导定语从句；which哪一个，先行词指人或物；when什么时候，先行词指时间。the movies指物，故用which引导定语从句。故选C。
13．D
【详解】句意：——你读过美国作家海明威写的《老人与海》吗？——当然，这是一个惊人的故事。这是我读过的最好的书。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词有最高级the best修饰，关系词用that，故选D。
14．B
【详解】句意：——你认识在树底下的那个男孩吗？——哦，他是我的表弟。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词boy是指人，在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句，故选B。
15．C
【详解】句意：迈克尔•杰克逊是一位歌手, 被认为是流行音乐之王。
考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为singer，为指人的名词，定语从句的关系词在从句中作主语，所以可以用that或who引导定语从句。故选C。
16．C
【详解】句意：——你听说过他去年夏天去过的那个地方吗？——是的，这就是伟大作家鲁迅出生的地方。
考查定语从句。首空代指the place，是物作宾语，用关系代词that/which，也可省略；第二空充当状语，指代地点，用关系副词where。故选C。
17．B
【详解】句意：在我生命中最重要的女人是我的母亲。
考查定语从句。which指物，作主语或宾语；what不引导定语从句；whom指人，作宾语；who指人，作主语或宾语。本句是定语从句，先行词是The woman，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导，故选B。
18．D
【详解】句意：在我生命中最重要的女人是我的母亲。
考查定语从句。which指物，作主语或宾语；what不引导定语从句；whom指人，作宾语；who指人，作主语或宾语。本句是定语从句，先行词是The woman，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故选D。
19．D
【详解】句意：你能告诉我你刚才在会上讨论的结果吗？
考查定语从句关系词。who指代人；when指代时间；how如何；that既可以指人又可以指物。根据先行词“the result of the discussion”是指物可知，应该使用“that”。故选D。
20．A
【详解】句意：我们都知道，医生是一个照顾人们的健康的人。
考查定语从句。先行词person是指人，在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句，故选A。
21．A
【详解】句意：——你知道苏炳添是谁吗？——知道，他是一位著名的赛跑运动员，在2020年东京奥运会男子100米比赛中以9.83秒的成绩创造了亚洲新纪录。
考查定语从句。who引导限制性定语从句，先行词指人，在定语从句中充当主语和宾语；whom引导限制性定语从句，先行词指人，在定语从句中充当宾语；whose引导限制性定语从句，先行词指人或指物，在定语从句中充当定语；which既能引导限制性定语从句，也能引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，在定语从句中充当主语和宾语，作宾语时可以省略。本题先行词“ a famous runner”是人，定语从句缺少主语，因此填关系代词who。故选A。
22．B
【详解】句意：——你看过电视剧《大江大河》吗？——看过。这是最受欢迎的电视剧，让人们了解改革开放政策。
考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词“TV play”是物，且关系词在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句。故选B。
23．B
【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么样的工作？——哦，我更喜欢那种可以让我们的城市变得更加漂亮的工作。
考查定语从句。what什么，不可引导定语从句；which指代物，关系代词；whose谁的，表示所属关系，关系代词；who指代人，关系代词。the job为名词，后接修饰它的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，说明引导词既指代物，又在从句中充当主语，因此应用which来引导定语从句。故选B。
24．D
【详解】句意：——目前，年轻人更喜欢微信与朋友保持联系。——对。这似乎是人们喜欢的最好的沟通方式。
考查定语从句。which指物，作主宾表；what不能引导定语从句；who指人，作主宾表；that指人或物，作主宾表。根据“the best way of communication…people like”可知，先行词“way”指物，在从句中作“like”的宾语，它被最高级“best”修饰，此时只能用that引导从句。故选D。
25．A
【详解】句意：——我们为我们国家这些年发生的巨大变化感到自豪。——是的，许多村庄都呈现出新的面貌。
考查定语从句关系词。先行词“the great changes”指物，在从句中作宾语，用that引导定语从句。故选A。
26．C
【详解】句意：我们在夏令营的难忘经历使我们成长。
考查定语从句。who关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose关系代词，先行词指人或物，在从句中作定语；whom关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作宾语；which关系代词，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；句子先行词是“experience”，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用which/that引导，故选C。
27．A
【详解】句意：我叔叔买给我作为生日礼物的CD是我最喜欢的。
考查定语从句。此句为定语从句，先行词“The CD”表示物，连接词在从句中作宾语，应用which引导定语从句，故选A。
28．C
【详解】句意：这里的许多人都喜欢这个美丽的公园，那里满是五颜六色的花。
考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，先行词park表示事物，分析句子结构，定语从句缺少主语，因此用关系代词which，故选C。
29．D
【详解】句意：我喜欢关于有权势和成功人士的书。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词books指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系词which来引导定语从句。故选D。
30．A
【详解】句意：我真的很佩服那些能帮助有困难的人的志愿者。
考查定语从句的关系代词。关系词who/whom引导定语从句，先行词是人，who在定语从句作主语，whom在定语从句作宾语；which引导定语从句，先行词是物；what不可引导定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词“those volunteers”是人，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用who引导此定语从句。故选A。
31．A
【详解】句意：——我听说抗疫表彰会4月26日在兰州召开。——是的。我真的很敬佩那些在甘肃取得巨大成就的英雄
考查定语从句。who指代人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；which指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；where关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语；whose在定语从句中作定语。先行词“heroes英雄”指的是人，定语从句“have made great achievements”缺主语，关系代词用“who”。故选A。
32．D
【详解】句意：——苏珊仍然想念她在温州吃过的美味食物。——我知道。当地小吃是她的最爱。
考查定语从句。the friendly people who she met她遇到的友善的人；the days which she spent with us她和我们一起度过的日子 ；the famous places that she visited她参观过的著名景点；the delicious food which she tried她品尝的美味的食物。根据“I know. Local snacks are her favourite.”可知想念的是美味的食物。故选D。
33．A
【详解】句意：一个纪念大会将被举行以纪念在抗击新冠中牺牲的英雄们。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知，句子是定语从句，先行词是“heroes”，指人，在从句中作主语，因此用“who”来引导定语从句。故选A。
34．D
【详解】句意：袁隆平是我非常尊敬的最伟大的科学家之一。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是scientists，指人，且被最高级修饰，关系代词只能用that。故选D。
35．A
【详解】句意：——你找到昨天在出租车上丢失的手机了吗？——还没有。我将不得不买一部新的（手机）。
考查定语从句。which指代物，在从句中可以作主语，宾语，表语；what不能引导定语从句；who指代人，在从句中可以作主语，宾语；where指地点，在从句中作状语。本句中先行词为“phone”，物，从句缺宾语，故用which来引导。故选A。
36．A
【详解】句意：这是我收到的第一份生日礼物。我已经保存了很多年了。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是物，且先行词前有the first修饰，引导词在从句中作宾语，故选A。
37．D
【详解】句意：——嘿，鲍勃。你在做什么？——我正在给经常在当地公园捡垃圾的工人写一封感谢信。
考查定语从句。根据“a thank-note”可知，是感谢信，应该与助人为乐的事情相关，故选D。
38．C
【详解】句意：根据最近的一项研究，经常做家务的成年人可能会健康到老年。
考查定语从句。本句先行词为adults，表示人，且关系词需要在从句中作主语，who符合，故选C。
39．A
【详解】句意：——汤姆，你喜欢什么样的故事？——那些有着幸福结局的故事。
考查定语从句。that用于某些动词、形容词和名词后，引出从句；who谁；those那些；whom谁，宾格。根据“The ones …have a happy ending.”可知，此处空后为定语从句修饰ones，ones指代stories“故事”，为物，使用关系代词that引导定语从句。故选A。
40．C
【详解】句意：——做志愿者是一个有意义的活动。——我同意。我们应该感谢那些做志愿者工作的人。
考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词people是指人，在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句，故选C。
41．A
【详解】句意：——妈妈在等待。我们现在可以出发了吗？——等一下。我找不到我上周买的鞋了。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是“the shoes”，指物，引导词在从句中作宾语，所以用that或which，结合选项，故选A。
42．D
【详解】句意：不到长城非好汉。
考查定语从句。题干包含定语从句。先行词是“He”，在从句中作主语。whom作宾语，指代人；which作主语或宾语，指代物；who作主语或宾语，指代人。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略。故选D。
43．C
【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么类型的电影？——我更喜欢能让我思考的电影。
考查定语从句。whom指人，在从句中作宾语；who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。此处的先行词为movies，表示物，排除AB选项，又因先行词是复数，从句谓语动词应用动词原形，故选C。
44．A
【详解】句意：学生喜欢开朗幽默的老师。
考查定语从句。此处含定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选A。
45．A
【详解】句意：——你喜欢《长津湖》这部电影吗？——当然。我认为没有哪部电影比它更感人了。
考查定语从句和形容词辨析。第一处是定语从句，先行词是物，引导词在从句中作主语，排除B。touching感人的；touched感动的。此处修饰电影，用ing结尾的形容词，排除CD。故选A。
46．C
【详解】句意：——你认识站在那边的那个女孩吗？——是的。她是我的妹妹。
考查定语从句，when关系副词，在句子中作时间状语；where关系副词，在句子中作地点状语；who关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语；which关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子结构，可知是定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词是girl，指人，则此处应用关系代词who，在从句中作主语。故选C。
47．C
【详解】句意：阿加莎·克里斯蒂是一位被誉为犯罪小说女王的女作家。
考查关系代词。what不能引导定语从句；whose是关系代词，指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语；who是关系代词，指代人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；which关系代词，指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。根据题干可知，本句是一个定语从句，先行词writer指人，引导词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who引导，故选C。
48．D
【详解】句意：——我读过查尔斯·狄更斯写的书。——我也是。大卫·科波菲尔是我的最爱。
考查定语从句的引导词。how关系副词，引导定语从句，在从句中作状语；who关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为人；what不能引导定语从句；that关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词为人或物。本句中先行词为物，且引导词在从句中作主语，应用that引导定语从句。故选D。
49．B
【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记那些在我困难时期帮助过我的人。
考查定语从句。which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语；whose关系代词，指人或物，在从句中作定语；whom关系代词，指人，在从句中作宾语；句子先行词是people，指人，在从句中作主语，应用who引导，故选B。
50．A
【详解】句意：这里发生了巨大的变化。我所看到的一切对我来说都是如此的新鲜。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是不定代词Everything，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，只能用that。故选A。
51．D
【详解】句意：——你听说过木兰的故事吗？——当然。木兰是一个勇敢的女孩，她代替父亲参军。
考查定语从句和主谓一致。whom关系代词，指人，在从句中作宾语；that关系代词，指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语；句子是定语从句，先行词是girl，指人，在从句中作主语，应用who/that引导定语从句，先行词是单数名词，从句谓语动词应用三单形式，故选D。
52．A
【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记我们去年一起去过的那个地方。
考查定语从句。which哪一个；what什么；who谁；whom谁，who的宾语。该句为定语从句，且从句中缺宾语，先行词place指物，故应用关系代词which，故选A。
53．B
【详解】句意：在我看来，在所有的书中，这是唯一值得一读的。
考查定语从句关系词。根据“of all the books, this is the only one”可知先行词the only one指物，先行词用the only修饰时，只能用that引导限制性定语从句。故选B。
54．D
【详解】句意：——我们能为那些需要帮助的农村留守儿童做些什么呢？——我们可以在周末帮助他们在线学习。
考查定语从句。which先行词指物；whom先行词指人，在从句中作宾语；whose先行词指人或物，在从句中作定语；who先行词指人，在从句中作主语。本句先行词是the left-children，指人，且空格处在从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句。故选D。
55．C
【详解】句意：我们跟踪汽车在草地上留下的痕迹。
考查定语从句。mark作名词，意为“记号”，作动词意为“做标记”。that是定语从句引导词，所以空处应是先行词，先行词一般是名词或代词，排除BD选项。其次，此处特指汽车在草地上留下的痕迹，应用定冠词the修饰名词，故选C。
56．D
【详解】句意：中国在生产最受人欢迎的高科技产品方面正做得更好，这些产品在世界各地都能买到。
考查定语从句。who在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代人；which在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代物；what不能引导定语从句；that在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代物。根据“the most popular high-tech products ... can be bought”可知，先行词是products，空格上需填一个代替先行词且在从句中作主语的关系代词，用that或which，又因为先行词被形容词最高级所修饰，只能用that引导定语从句。故选D。
57．B
【详解】句意：——刚才走过的那个女人是你的老师吗？——是的，她教我们英语，我们都非常喜欢她。
考查定语从句以及代词辨析。第一空所在句子是定语从句，先行词woman是指人，在从句中作主语，应用who或that引导定语从句，排除A和C选项。us我们，人称代词宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词。第二空位于动词teach后，应填人称代词宾格作宾语，故选B。
58．D
【详解】句意：我们永远不会忘记在困难时期为人民带来希望的英雄们。
考查定语从句。本句含定语从句，先行词是“the heroes”，指人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选D。
59．B
【详解】句意：我想对每一个为社区服务的人表示感谢。
考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，everyone是指人，在从句中作主语，用关系词who引导定语从句，故选B。
60．A
【详解】句意：受害者想向警方报告他老板犯下的罪行。
考查定语从句关系词。根据“the crime ... his boss had committed”可知此处用定语从句，先行词“the crime”指物，且在从句中作宾语，用which引导定语从句。故选A。