考点14 初中时态基本考点-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习（上海专用）

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考点14 初中时态基本考点

动词的时态指的是谓语动词用来表示动作或情况发生时的各种动词形式。英语中一共有16种时态，但在初中阶段常考的时态有以下9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时、过去将来时。考查重点集中在一般现在时在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的用法、终止性动词在现在完成时中不能与for，since短语或从句连用、have been to与have gone to的用法以及在具体语境中动词的用法等。



动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。

1．一般现在时
1）一般现在时态的构成：主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：
一般情况
＋s
以s, x, ch, sh　或　o结尾
＋es
以辅音＋y结尾
去y变i＋es
2）一般现在时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：
主 语
肯 定 式
否 定 式
疑 问 式


第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数
I am a student.
We/You/They are students.
He/ She is a student.

I / We/ You/ They/ like music.
Many people like music.
I am not a student.
We/You/ They are not students.
He/ She is not a student.
I / We/ You/ They/ don’t like music.
Many people don’t like music.
Are you a student.
Are you/ they students?
Is he/ she a student?

Do you/ they like music?
Do many people like music?

3）一般现在时态的用法：
现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作 。例如：
I get up at six every morning.
He plays tennis once a week.
现在的状态 例如：
My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.
客观真理 例如：
The earth goes around the sun.
4）常用于一般现在时态的时间状语：
often usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。
例题解析：
1. --- May I help you, sir?
--- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it ______.
A. didn’t work B. doesn’t work C. won’t work D. can’t work
2．______ the bus until it ______.
A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Don’t get off, stops D. Don’t get off, will stop
3．The 70-year-old man ______ exercises in the morning.
A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take

2. 现在进行时
1）现在进行时的构成：am/is/ are+ v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式
v-ing现在分词的构成：
一般情况
+ing
以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ing
+ing
以辅音字母＋y结尾的单词
去e+ing
以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时.
双写词尾字母+ing

2) 现在进行时的肯定肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：
主 语
肯 定 式
否 定 式
疑 问 式

第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数

I am driving.
He/She/It is working.
We/You/They are doing something.


I am not driving.
He/She/It is not working.
We/You/They are not doing anything.


Are you driving?
Is he/she/it working?
Are you/they doing something?



3）现在进行时的用法：
1. 说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如：
She is having a bath now.
2. 现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如：
You are working hard today.
Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian.
The population of the world is growing very fast.
频度副词always, forever等词连用时， 表示某种强烈的感情。如：
He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣赏，表扬)
表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。如：
The party is beginning at 8:00 o’clock.
6) 常用于现在进行时态的时间状语： now 等。
often usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。
例题解析：
1．I don’t think that it’s true. She’s always ______ lies.
A. tell B. tells C. telling D. told
2. How ______ you ______ with the new job?
A. do, do B. do, get along C. are, doing D. are, getting on
3．--- Are these socks yours?
--- No. Mine ______ outside on the clothes line.
A. are hanging B. have hung C. hang D. hung

3．一般将来时
1）一般将来时的构成：
1. 助动词will(shall)+动词原形
2. am / is / are +going to +动词原形
2）一般将来时的用法：
1．将要发生的动作。例如：
I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
2．将要存在的状态。例如：
This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be?
3．打算要做的事。 例如：
Are you going to watch the film on television tonight?
3) 常用于一般将来时的时间状语：
tomorrow next week in 2058 等。
例题解析：
1. I______ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off at the airport？
A. am leaving B. am left C. am going to leaving D. left
2.I______ to see grandma and help her with some housework every week.
A. came B. am going come C. come D. will come

4．一般过去时
1）一般过去时的构成：
用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：
一般情况
+ed
以e字母结尾的辅音
+d
以辅音字母＋y结尾
去y变i＋ed
重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写词尾字母+ed

2）一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：
主 语
肯 定 式
否 定 式
疑 问 式


第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数
I was a student.
We/You/ They were students.
He/ She was a student.

I / We/ You/ They/ liked music.
Many people liked music.
I was not a student.
We/You/ They were not students.
He/ She was not a student.
I / We/ You/ They/ didn’t like music.
Many people didn’t like music.
Were you a student.
Were you/ they students?
Was he/ she a student?

Did you/ they like music?
Did many people like music?


3）一般过去时的用法：
1． 过去发生的动作。例如：
The police stopped me on my way home last night.
2． 过去存在的状态。例如：
They weren't able to come because they were so busy.
3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语：
yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979，often，always等。
例题解析：
1． Mr. Mott is out. But he ______ here a few minutes ago.
A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
2．---Hi, Tom.
---Hello, Fancy. I ______ you were here.
A. don’t know B. won’t think C. think D. didn’t know
3．He promised to tell me by himself when I ______.
A. come B. would come C. come D. had come

5．现在完成时
1） 现在完成时的构成：have / has + v-ing
2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和see为例）：
主 语
肯 定 式
否 定 式
疑 问 式


第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数
I /We/You/ They have been here before.
He/ She has been here before.
.I / We/ You/ They/ Many people have seen the film.

I /We/You/ They haven’t been here before.
He/ She hasn’t been here before .
.I / We/ You/ They/ Many people haven’t seen the film.
Have you/ they been here before?
Has he/ she been here before?
Have you/ they/ many people seen the film?




现在完成时的用法：
1、表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever, never, before等词连用. 如:
She has never read this novel.他从未读过这本小说.(他对小说的内容不了解)
2、表示 “过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:
I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.
I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.
注：在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如：
He has died for 3 years.(F)
He has been dead for 3 years.(T)
注意：①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in 1998, last morning等
②have/has been to 表示“去过”（去了又回来了）
have/has gone to 表示“去过”（去了没回来了）
如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在)
Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)
例题解析：
1.-How long ______ he ______ a fever?
--- Ever since last night.
A. have, got B. have , had C. have, caught D. did, have
2.My bowl is empty. Who ______ all my soup?
A. drinks B. had drunk C. has drunk D. drank
3. I ______ you for a long time. Where ______ you ______?
A. Didn’t seen; did, go B. didn’t see; have, gone
C. haven’t seen; have, been D. haven’t seen; have gone
6、过去进行时
1）过去进行时的构成： was / were +v-ing
2) 过去进行时的用法：
过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 例如：
This time last year I was living in Brazil.
What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?
3)常用于过去进行时的时间状语：
at four yesterday afternoon，then，at that time/moment 等。
例题解析：
Daddy promised me he ______ me a computer
A. was bought B. had bought C bought D. would buy

7、过去完成时态
1）过去完成时态的构成：
肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词
否定式：hadn’t + 动词的过去分词
疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词
简略回答: Yes, 主 + have/has had.
No, 主 + had现在完成时的用法
过去完成时的用法：
1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 他表示的时间是“过去 的过去 ”常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如：
She said she had seen the film 4 times.
When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading.
By the time they arrived, the bus had left.
2、表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:
She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.
例题解析：
1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing.
A. studied, had gone B. had studied, went
C. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone
2. Mary said it was at least five years since he ______ a good drink.
A. enjoyed B. was enjoying C. had enjoyed D. would enjoy
3. Xiao Pei said she ______ Hainan for 3 months.
A. has been in B. had been in C. had been to D. had gone to


1．（2022·上海嘉定·二模）As a local journalist, John ________ big events of the city every day.
A．will report B．reports C．was reporting D．reported
2．（2022·上海徐汇·模拟预测）— Excuse me, can I have a word with Doctor Smith?
— I’m sorry, Doctor Smith _______ on a patient at the moment.
A．is operating B．operated C．has operated D．will operate
3．（2022·上海崇明·一模）Lynn ________ a bike to work on weekdays. She thinks it can help protect the environment.
A．ride B．rides C．rode D．has ridden
4．（2022·上海奉贤·一模）After 1028 days, Meng Wanzhou finally ________ home on September 25,2021.
A．returned B．has returned C．will return D．had returned
5．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Dart _________ the best moment of her career at Wimbledon in 2019.
A．enjoys B．enjoyed C．has enjoyed D．will enjoy
6．（2022·上海金山·二模）Jenny ________ the violin now, and she will give a performance in the school concert next Friday.
A．plays B．played C．will play D．is playing
7．（2022·上海·模拟预测）The lady ________ a walk along the street when a car hit her from behind last night.
A．took B．was taking C．has taken D．had taken
8．（2022·上海闵行·二模）Jack and Rose ________ each other and contacted for a long time.
A．know B．knew C．have known D．had known
9．（2022·上海杨浦·二模）I ________ all Harry Potter books by the time I was ten!
A．read B．have read C．would read D．had read
10．（2022·上海闵行·二模）My father ________ the underground to work on weekdays. He is a green consumer.
A．take B．takes C．took D．has taken
11．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—Have you had your dinner yet, Mary?
—Yes, I have. My father ________ it for me.
A．was cooking B．have cooked C．will cook D．cooked
12．（2022·上海浦东新·二模）Janet was so tired. She lay down on the sofa and soon ________ asleep.
A．falls B．fell C．will fall D．had fallen
13．（2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中）Oh, my God. I _______ my dictionary in the reading-room just now.
A．forget B．forgot C．left D．leave
14．（2022·上海普陀·九年级期中）I’m sorry you’ve missed the train. It __________ ten minutes ago.
A．leaves B．left C．has left D．will leave
15．（2022·上海·模拟预测）If you ________ nervous before exams, you can take a deep breath and calm yourself down.
A．is getting B．will get C．get D．got
16．（2022·上海浦东新·一模）I’ve heard that Tom ________ a visit to his disabled father twice a week.
A．pays B．paid C．will pay D．has paid
17．（2022·上海市曹杨中学附属学校模拟预测）The sportsman suddenly _____________ down while he was running the 1,500-meter race.
A．would fall B．fell C．was falling D．had fallen
18．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—May I speak to Lily?
—Sorry, she ________ the library. But she ________ in an hour.
A．has been to, will come back B．has gone to, will be back
C．has gone to, won’t be back D．has been to, won’t come back
19．（2022·上海嘉定·三模）Don’t worry. I ______ you as soon as the plane lands safely in Britain.
A．is calling B．will call C．has called D．called
20．（2022·上海静安·二模）While the young mum ________, her baby suddenly cried in the bedroom.
A．cooked B．was cooked C．was cooking D．would cook



21．（2022·上海浦东新·二模）The two boys ________ along the lake when they heard a loud cry for help.
A．walk B．were walking
C．will walk D．had walked
22．（2022·上海徐汇·二模）—I was at a pet shop at three o’clock yesterday afternoon. What about you?
—I ________ a kite in the park.
A．flew B．will fly C．are flying D．was flying
23．（2022·上海黄浦·二模）He was still working on the problem while his classmates ________ a rest in the next room.
A．are having B．have had C．were having D．would have
24．（2022·上海黄浦·二模）Richard ________ a shower when the light suddenly went out last night.
A．was taking B．took C．takes D．will take
25．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Tina and Tom _______ with each other happily on the Internet this time yesterday.
A．are chatting B．will chat C．have chatted D．were chatting
26．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—Did you notice the teacher come in?
—No, I didn’t because I ________ English.
A．practiced reading B．have practiced reading
C．was practicing reading D．am practicing reading
27．（2022·上海浦东新·一模）This time yesterday, I ________ to my new class teacher.
A．speaks B．spoke C．is speaking D．was speaking
28．（2022·上海普陀·九年级期中）The special hotel in Hainan ________ many tourists since its opening.
A．attract B．attracted C．has attracted D．will attract
29．（2022·上海长宁·二模）Cathy and her friends 2.000 yuan for the homeless animals since the beginning of March.
A．raise B．raised C．have raised D．had raised
30．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Ben’s singing skills ________ a lot since he joined the singing group.
A．improve B．have improved C．improved D．had improved
31．（2022·上海嘉定·模拟预测）All of us ________ great progress since we started junior high school.
A．make B．made C．have made D．will make
32．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—Amy, you must be hungry after waiting for us for such a long time.
—Don’t worry. I ________ some cookies already.
A．am eating B．will eat C．was eating D．have eaten
33．（2022·上海长宁·二模）I met Tony last Tuesday. We ________ in touch with each other for about 2 years.
A．didn’t keep B．haven’t kept C．weren’t keeping D．hadn’t kept
34．（2022·上海·模拟预测）By the end of last year, Ben ________ as a postman for ten years.
A．has worked B．had worked C．will work D．works
35．（2022·上海·模拟预测）By the end of last year, most of us ________ the free vaccine（疫苗).
A．will get B．would get C．has got D．had got
36．（2022·上海·一模）Mum was surprised to find her little son ________ all her suitcases already.
A．was packing B．has packed C．had packed D．would pack
37．（2022·上海金山·二模）My elder brother ________ as a system engineer in the company since five years ago.
A．worked B．will work C．has worked D．had worked
38．（2022·上海浦东新·二模）Lisa felt very happy as she ________ well in a reading contest the day before.
A．does B．did C．has done D．had done
39．（2022·上海·模拟预测）By the time we ________ the railway station, the train ________ for ten minutes.
A．got to; had been away B．reached; had left
C．arrived; had been away D．arrived at; has left
40．（2022·上海·模拟预测）How long _________ the film ________ when he got to the cinema?
A．did; begin B．has; begun
C．had; been on D．had; begun




1．（2014·上海·中考真题）Aunt Lucy will tell us something about her trip to Australia when she______back.
A．came B．comes
C．would come D．will come
2．（2022·上海·中考真题）The new restaurant _______ two surveys on its food and service since June.
A．is doing B．will do C．did D．has done
3．（2022·上海·中考真题）The three Chinese astronauts _______ safely from space on April 16, 2022.
A．returned B．are returning C．have returned D．had returned
4．（2020·上海·中考真题）The ancient town has been open to visitors________about ten years．
A．by B．for C．on D．though
5．（2014·上海·中考真题）Susan and Lily________tomatoes and other vegetables on the farm this time yesterday.
A．pick B．are picking C．will pick D．were picking
6．（2021·上海·中考真题）The amusement park has received many visitors, ________?
A．has it B．hasn’t it C．does it D．doesn’t it
7．（2021·上海·中考真题）Last weekend, David ________ a visit to his grandparents in the countryside.
A．pays B．paid C．will pay D．has paid
8．（2021·上海·中考真题）The headmaster is not available now. He ________ to the new teachers.
A．speaks B．spoke C．is speaking D．was speaking
9．（2019·上海·中考真题）Look!They about the solution to the network problems again.
A．argue B．are arguing C．argued D．were arguing
10．（2018·上海·中考真题）The debate on whether to keep pets_____forty minutes yesterday afternoon.
A．last B．lasted C．will last D．has lasted
11．（2018·上海·中考真题）The film Operation Red Sea_____a lot of praise since its first show months ago.
A．wins B．win C．will win D．has won
12．（2018·上海·中考真题）Michael_________in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year.
A．teach B．taught C．will teach D．was teaching
13．（2017·上海·中考真题）（2017 • 上海中考）Several journalists ____________ the lawyer about the international case an hour ago.
A．interview B．interviewed C．will interview D．had interviewed
14．（2017·上海·中考真题）（2017 • 上海中考）Some exchange students ____________ with their host families this time yesterday.
A．are chatting B．will chat C．were chatting D．have chatted
15．（2015·上海·中考真题） Tim told us that his company ______ robots to do some of the work.
A．uses B．will use C．has used D．would use
16．（2020·上海·中考真题）Every year thousands of tourists________the mountain area to relax themselves.
A．visited B．were visiting
C．visit D．have visited
17．（2020·上海·中考真题）Mike________the furniture into his new flat this time yesterday.
A．would move B．was moving C．has moved D．had moved
18．（2019·上海·中考真题）By the end of last month，Jane enough money for the poor sick boy.
A．raised B．would raise C．had raised D．has raised
19．（2015·上海·中考真题）Now Jerry ______ the exchange programme with his classmates in the meeting room.
A．discussed B．is discussing
C．was discussing D．has discussed
20．（2016·上海·中考真题）This medicine _______ millions of people’s lives since it was put into use.
A．is saving B．will save C．has saved D．had saved