考点03 代词的基本用法-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习(上海专用）

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考点03 代词的基本用法 代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词。   考向一、代词的概念代词是代替名词或一句话的一种词类。 考向二、代词的分类英语中代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。 考向三、代词的用法 1. 人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。表示“我” “你” “他” “我们” “你们” “他们”。      数       格   人 称   单    数复    数主    格宾   格主   格宾   格  第一人称wemeweus  第二人称 you youyouyou  第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit (1) 人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：She is my English teacher.(2) 宾格在句中作宾语。例如：  They don’t want me to go there alone. Don’t worry. I can look after her.(3) 英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同， I 在最后， you 在最前；但是，当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I 在最前， you在最后。 例如：      You, he and I are all the winners.      I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.【即学即练】I bought a present for ________. I hope you like ________.A. your; this B. yours; that C. you; it D. you; one 2．物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。         词  义 类  型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名 词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs(1) 形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语，后面跟名词。例如：To our surprise, he has passed the exam.(2) 名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如：     May I use your bike? Mine is at school.  (作主语)     Whose glasses are these?  They are hers.  ( 作表语)     My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours?    (作宾语)(3) 名词性物主代词可以与of 连用，作定语。例如：A friend of ours are waiting for us.【即学即练】Most parents think that it is the happiest thing to spend time with ________ children.A. his B. our C. your D. their 3．反身代词：用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示：   我(们)自己你(们)自己他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 们 自 己单 数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复 数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves (1) 反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。例如：Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作宾语)He himself is always making such mistakes. (主语同位语)You’d better ask your wife herself. (宾语同位语)(2) 反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配，例如：make oneself at hometeach oneselflearn by oneselfhelp oneself todress oneselfcome to oneselfdevote oneself to doing/sth.by oneself【即学即练】 — Take care while walking along the wet hill path （小径）. You may fall and hurt ________. — OK. Thanks for reminding me.A. it B. you C. yourself D. yourselves   4．指示代词：表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表这，这个那，那个这些那些thisthatthesethose     指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如：     Those are my parents. ( 作主语)     Throw it like that. (作表语)     The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表语)     These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定语)注意：（1）前面刚刚提到过的东西，常用that, those 表示。例如：I’m sorry to hear that.( 2 )下文将要提到的事情，可用these, this 表示，起启下的作用。例如：Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.【即学即练】The twins are so alike that even their father finds________ hard to tell them from each other.A. it B. him C. them 5．疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有：who, what, which, whose, whom， 在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。作主语： What make you so happy?作宾语： Who / Whom is your manager talking with?在口语中， 作宾语时 who和whom可以通用，但在介词后面只能用whom.例如：About whom they are talking just now?作定语： Which subject do you like best?作表语： What’s your mother.【即学即练】．—________ is singing over there?—My sister. She likes singing.A．How B．Who C．What D．When 6．相互代词：用于表示相互关系的代词。 常用的有：each other, one another. 相互代词可以作宾语、定语。例如：We should help each other. The villagers have looked after one another these year.相互代词后可以加’s,表示所有关系。 例如：We put the presents in each other’s stocking. 7．连接代词： 用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词叫连接代词。常用的有：what, which,  who, whom whose, that例如：I know what he said at the meeting.The problem is who will mend it.Could you tell me which is the way to the post office? 8. 不定代词：不定代词没有确定的对象， 常用的有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many， much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 构成的复合词。   不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语， 而none及含有some, an every 的合成代词不能做定语，no和every 只能做定语。 9. 代词many, few, a few修饰可数名词，much, little, a little修饰不可数名词。both, either, neither, each用于指两者，all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。 10. it的用法指代事物。It is a car.指代时间、地点、距离、金钱、天气等。例如：Three thousand kilometers is a long distance.指代身份不明的人。例如：---Who is knocking at the door? --- It may be Mr. Wang.作形式主语。例如：It is not easy for parents to bring up children.作形式宾语。例如：He found it difficult to breathe at high altitudes.it常见句型。(1) It doesn’t matter…It doesn’t matter what he says. 他说什么都没关系。(2) It appears/ seems/ happens/says that…It seems that he is always correct. 他好像总是对的。(3) It is said/ reported/ believed/ understood that…It is said that he has joined the Party. 据说他已经入党了。(4) It is a waste of time /money doing sth. It’s a waste of time your talking to him. 你和他谈是浪费时间。(5) It is no wonder that…  It’s no wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day. 难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。(6) it takes sb. some time to do sth. It took me nearly an hour to work out the problem. 花了我差不多一个钟才做出那道题. (7) It’s one’s turn to do sth. It’s my turn to clean the classroom. 是轮到我打扫教室的了。  1．（2022·上海·模拟预测）They argued among ________ and finally drew a conclusion.A．them B．their C．theirs D．themselves2．（2022·上海嘉定·模拟预测）Mr. Hill has two daughters. He often takes ________ to the park at weekends.A．him B．them C．she D．her3．（2022·上海普陀·二模）I didn’t have an umbrella. Alice gave me ________.A．she B．her C．hers D．herself4．（2022·上海浦东新·模拟预测）Can you imagine what will happen if AI robots can do most of ________ jobs?A．our B．we C．us D．ours5．（2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中）When students were learning industrial techniques(学工), they found that they knew very little about ________ work.A．they B．their C．them D．theirs6．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Three astronauts taught ________ something interesting about science in China Space Station.A．we B．us C．our D．ourselves7．（2022·上海闵行·二模）He is my favourite basketball star and I like ________ very much.A．he B．him C．his D．himself8．（2022·上海金山·二模）After the astronauts came back from space, many reporters interviewed ________.A．they B．them C．their D．themselves9．（2022·上海崇明·模拟预测）The little boy hid himself behind the door. No wonder nobody could find ________.A．he B．him C．his D．himself10．（2022·上海黄浦·二模）The fly beat ________ wings furiously in order to escape from the net.A．it B．it’s C．its D．itself11．（2022·上海虹口·二模）Quite a lot of children rarely control________when they are very angry.A．their B．them C．theirs D．themselves12．（2022·上海静安·二模）The boy was old enough to take the underground by ________.A．he B．him C．his D．himself13．（2022·上海嘉定·二模）His words don’t seem surprising, _________?A．does he B．isn’t he C．do they D．aren’t they14．（2022·上海浦东新·二模）The internet has made ________ life more colorful and convenient.A．we B．us C．our D．ours15．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—Tommy, I’ve lost ________ bicycle. Can I use yours? —Sure.A．I B．me C．my D．mine16．（2022·上海·模拟预测）The doctors and nurses are trying ________ best to save the patients’ life.A．they B．them C．their D．themselves17．（2021·上海市民办新复兴初级中学九年级期中）I don’t know _______ of these people, for they are all new staff here.A．any B．some C．one D．either18．（2021·上海松江·二模）Sometimes, Mary feels lonely because there’s _________ she can talk to.A．nobody B．somebody C．anybody D．everybody19．（2022·上海松江·二模）I have decided to buy a flat of ________ own so that I can have my space.A．my B．mine C．myself D．me20．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Through art, Matthew found a new way to express _________.A．he B．his C．him D．himself  21．（2022·上海·模拟预测）The staff had better relax ________ after the opening ceremony.A．they B．them C．their D．themselves22．（2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中）Only one is red; _______ are blue.A．others B．the other C．the others D．another23．（2022·上海杨浦·二模）The task isn’t challenging enough for me — I want ________ more creative.A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything24．（2022·上海宝山·二模）Jason tried several ways to work out the math problem, but ________ of them worked.A．both B．all C．none D．neither25．（2022·上海·模拟预测）The government has solved one problem after ________ during the battle against the coronavirus.A．other B．the other C．another D．others26．（2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中）The visitors on the ship can enjoy the beautiful lights on ______ sides of the Huangpu River.A．neither B．either C．both D．all27．（2022·上海黄浦·二模）When your stomach is empty and your mind is full, it’s hard ________.A．sleep B．sleeping C．to sleep D．to sleeping28．（2022·上海杨浦·一模）Do you find ________ difficult to learn new skills like how to ride a skateboard?A．/ B．it C．this D．that29．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Last year, I saw the wild lions and elephants in Africa with ________ own eyes.A．I B．me C．my D．mine30．（2018·上海市西南模范中学九年级期中）The price of my dress isn’t as              as            of her dress.A．experience, / B．experience, that C．high, / D．high, that31．（2019·上海·模拟预测）Tom told me to buy him a toy when I went shopping, but I forgot about ______.A．these B．this C．those D．that32．（2022·上海·模拟预测）That project requires close teamwork. ________ will be achieved unless we work well together.A．Nothing B．Anything C．Something D．Everything33．（2022·上海嘉定·三模）Tom tried several ways to avoid catching the flu，but ______ of them works.A．both B．neither C．all D．none34．（2022·上海嘉定·三模）Don’t ask Peter about the case. He knows ______ about it.A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything35．（2022·上海杨浦·三模）I’m busy this weekend, but I will arrange for ______ to take you round.A．someone B．anyone C．everyone D．no one36．（2022·上海青浦·二模）Almost everyone today uses electricity in one way or _________A．another B．others C．other D．the other37．（2021·上海市民办新复兴初级中学九年级期中）—Will Mary be here today?—No, and _______.A．her sister won’t, too B．neither her sister willC．neither will her sister D．neither won’t her sister38．（2021·上海·模拟预测）We are often told that ________ is more important than health.A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything39．（2021·上海黄浦·九年级期中）Though my parents take care of me heart and soul, ________ of them can read my diary without my agreement.A．both B．all C．neither D．none40．（2021·上海黄浦·九年级期中）After hearing all the songs on the list, the fans asked the singer to sing ________ one.A．other B．the other C．another D．others  1．（2022·上海·中考真题）Your silk scarf is over there. This one is _______.A．I B．me C．my D．mine2．（2022·上海·中考真题）Make sure _______ has the textbooks when the new term starts.A．nobody B．anybody C．somebody D．everybody3．（2014·上海·中考真题）Old Mr. Black lives happily with his three dogs.   of them are part of his family.A．Both B．AllC．None D．Neither4．（2014·上海·中考真题）Do you see that good-looking young man?  is a famous Korean film star.A．He B．His C．Him D．Himself5．（2019·上海·中考真题）The New Year Concert was so amazing that      left in the middle of it.A．everybody B．anybody C．nobody D．somebody6．（2019·上海·中考真题）Emma，an actress，has become a superstar because of            hard work and talent.A．she B．her C．hers D．herself7．（2016·上海·中考真题）The light went out suddenly. It was very dark and ______ could be seen clearly.A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything8．（2021·上海·中考真题）I haven’t brought my dictionary with me. Can I use ________?A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself9．（2018·上海·中考真题）Catherine has two cousins. One is quiet, and______is noisy.A．another B．the other C．other D．others10．（2018·上海·中考真题）My father is a good doctor. __________works hard to help his patients.A．He B．Him C．His D．Himself11．（2017·上海·中考真题）(2017·上海·30)The headmaster introduced ______ to the German visitors before the welcome party.A．we B．us C．our D．ours12．（2013·上海·中考真题）My parents showed    some old pictures that brought back sweet memories.A．I B．me C．my D．mine13．（2017·上海·中考真题）(2017·上海·31)________ knowledge and experience are important to finish that task.A．Either B．Neither C．None D．Both14．（2016·上海·中考真题）The retired couple have decided to go to college. It's time for       to begin a new life.A．they B．them C．their D．theirs15．（2012·上海·中考真题）We have decided to try ________ best to raise more money for the local charity.A．us B．our C．we D．ours16．（2012·上海·中考真题）I can’t connect my computer to the Internet. There must be _______wrong with it.A．something B．everythingC．anything D．nothing17．（2013·上海·中考真题）__________ is waiting for you at the gate. He wants to say thanks to you.A．Somebody B．Anybody C．Everybody D．Nobody18．（2015·上海·中考真题）Nowadays I can choose online courses and study by_____ ?A．I B．me C．my D．myself19．（2020·上海·中考真题）________friend Claude from France is keen on Chinese culture.A．I B．Me C．My D．Mine20．（2020·上海·中考真题）Randy wrote two novels.________ of them were made into films. I've seen them.A．None B．Both C．All D．Neither