考点07 动词的分类及其用法-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习（上海专用）

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考点07 动词的分类及其用法 动词是表示人或事物动作和状态的词。按照其语法功能，动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词及情态动词四类。行为动词又叫实义动词，分为及物动词(后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词),不及物动词(本身意义不完整，其后不能接宾语的动词)；系动词(不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语)；助动词(本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语的词，这类词表示时态、语态、语气等特征，帮助构成否定、疑问等)；情态动词(本身有一定意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能单独使用，必须和实义动词一起构成句子的谓语，表示说话者的情感、态度和语气) 动     词动词是表示动作（study, find, swim 等）或状态（be, like, feel 等）的词。动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。动词有助动词、情态动词、连系动词和行为动词四类。 考向一、助动词助动词没有任何含义，不能单独做谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，辅助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有be, do, does, did, have, will, shall等。1. 助动词be的用法1）构成各种进行时态。如：      It was raining all day yesterday.2）构成被动语态。如：      The meeting was held yesterday afternoon.3）与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如：      They are to see an English film this evening.2. 助动词do的用法1）构成疑问式或否定式。      Does he think so?      I didn’t say anything about the result.2) 在动词前加上do, does, did表示强调，意为“的确，确实”。       They do study hard.      He did want to help the old man.3. have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态。      He has lived here for three years.      As soon as the sun had set they returned.4. shall, should: 助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态；助动词should 是shall的过去式，构成过去将来时。      I shall send ten letters to my good friend.      She wanted to know if I should go to the palace.【即学即练】We _______ often go to school before 8:00 a.m..A．aren’t B．don’t C．doesn’t  考向二、连系动词连系动词与其后做表语的形容词、名词或介词（短语）一起构成合成谓语。系动词按意义可分为三类，而且有自己的特定用法。1. 表示“保持显现”的连系动词：be, appear, seem, keep, remain, continue, stay, prove 等，如：Jim appears very old.2. 表示“感觉”的连系动词：look, feel, smell, sound, taste等。3. 表示“转变”的连系动词：become, fall, get, go, grow, turn等。如：      She becomes more beautiful than three years ago.【即学即练】— Hmm, something ________ so good. Is it a cake? Can I try some?— Hand-made cookies. Still warm. Here you go!A. feels B. looks C. smells D. tastes  考向三、行为动词    行为动词又称实义动词，它们都含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，可在句中独立作谓语。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。１. 及物动词及物动词后一定要跟宾语，意思才能完整。      My mother told me she wanted to buy some books for me.2. 不及物动词不及物动词意义完整，不需带宾语，但如果有些不及物动词非要带宾语时，必须先加介词后加宾语。      He only worried about his daughter.【即学即练】Parents always ________ us not to swim in the river in summer.A. promise B. train C. warn D. show  考向四、情态动词情态动词本身有一定含义，但不能单独作谓语，要和行为动词一起构成谓语。考点一：can，may，must 等情态动词在陈述句中的用法：1. can 的用法：（1）表示能力。一般译为“能、会”。      She can swim fast, but I can’t.        I can see with my eyes. （2）表示许可。       You can use my dictionary.   （3）表示推测，意为“可能”， 常用于否定句和疑问句中， 此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。       Can the news be true?       —Can it be our teacher? —No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall. 【即学即练】—________ your sister spell English?—Sorry, she ________.A．Can；can’t B．Does；does C．Is；isn’t   2. could的用法：（1）can的过去式，意为“ 能、 会”，表示过去的能力。      He could write poems when he was 10.  （2）could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时 could 没有过去式的意思。      Could you do me a favour?      —Could I use your pen? —Yes, you can.（注意回答） 3. may的用法：(1) 表示请求、许可，比can 委婉。      May I borrow your bike? (2) 表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“ 可能， 或许”，一般用于肯定句中。      It may rain tomorrow.       She may be at home. (3)  may的过去式为might ，表示推测时。可能性低于may。       He is away from school. He might be sick.(4) 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V       May you have a good time.       May you be happy!       May you succeed！ 【即学即练】—Do you have any plan for this summer vocation? —I’m not sure. I ________ help with the work in the old people’s home.A．will B．may C．must D．should  4. must的用法：(1).must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。       You must stay here until I come back.      Must I hand in my homework right now? (2) 其否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止, 不许”. 如：      You mustn’t play with fire.        You mustn’t be late. （3）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t  或 don’t have to .      —Must I finish my homework? —No, you needn’t. (4)must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。      The light is on, so he must be at home now. 灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。 注意其反意问句的构成形式：当must表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。      She must have seen the film before，hasn’t she?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)      You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didn’t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分) 5. need的用法：(1) need 表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn’t，意为“没有必要，不必”。 用need 提问时，肯定回答为 must，否定回答为 needn’t或don’t have to。 (2)  need 还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语接动词不定式。      I need to do it right now.       He needs to learn more about the girl.注：如果是物作主语，一般用need doing 与 need to be done这种情况下应注意两点：【即学即练】—I can’t keep myself active during the day.—You ________ take more exercise.A．must not B．must be C．need to D．may to  6. dare 的用法：dare意为“敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need，有两种词性：（1）dare 作为情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和一般过去时。      Dare he tell them what he knows?       I daren’t ask her – will you do it for me? （2）dare 作为实义动词，此时有人称、数及时态的变化。      He doesn’t dare to break his promise.  7. shall 的用法：shall表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称）。      Shall we go out for a walk?  8. should的用法：should 意为“应该” ，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。       We should protect the environment.  9. had better 的用法：had better 意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后面接不带to 的不定式，其否定形式为：had better not。 考点二：含有情态动词的疑问句的回答:提问回答1. May…?肯定回答：Yes, you may.  Yes, of course.　Yes, certainly.　Sure .　否定回答：No, you mustn’t.  No, you can’t. 2. Must…?肯定回答：Yes, …must.否定回答：No,… needn’t/ don’t have to.3. Could…?肯定回答：Yes, you can.否定回答：No, you can’t.4. Shall…?Yes, please.　All right.　No, thank you. 5. Would you…?Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.)　Sure. (I’m sorry, I can’t.)　All right/ OK/ With pleasure.　Certainly. (No, thank you .)　Yes, please.    1．（2022·上海浦东新·模拟预测）You ________ talk to your father in such an impolite way. You’d better say sorry to him.A．mustn’t B．can C．should D．needn’t2．（2022·上海闵行·二模）Ben, is your mother cooking meat in the kitchen? It smells so ________!A．well B．badly C．pretty D．nice3．（2022·上海金山·一模）Jack tried his best to make his comic strips ________ to life.A．come B．came C．coming D．to come4．（2022·江苏扬州·九年级期末）You ________ worry about your mother. She will soon be better after taking some medicine.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t5．（2022·上海嘉定·二模）His words don’t seem surprising, _________?A．does he B．isn’t he C．do they D．aren’t they6．（2022·上海闵行·二模）You _______ write the poem down. Our teacher will give us a copy.A．can’t B．shouldn’tC．needn’t D．mustn’t7．（2022·上海黄浦·二模）Research shows that confidence in yourself ________ make it easier to step out of your comfort zone.A．can B．should C．must D．need8．（2022·上海虹口·二模）As a rule the students________remain in their seats until all the papers are collected.A．had better B．can C．may D．must9．（2022·上海静安·二模）Students _______ be careful when they have swimming classes.A．can B．must C．may D．need10．（2022·上海徐汇·二模）We have rules in the classroom. We must ________ or write on the desks and chairs.A．draw B．to draw C．not draw D．not to draw11．（2022·上海嘉定·模拟预测）Your plan sounds so ________ that I think we can win the competition.A．well B．creative C．excited D．attractively12．（2022·上海宝山·二模）There was a little girl sitting in the corner of the room and she seemed so ________.A．angrily B．sadly C．quietly D．lonely13．（2022·上海·九年级期中）The number of the cars in our neighbourhood ________ about eight ________.A．is; hundred B．are; hundred C．is; hundreds D．are; hundreds14．（2022·上海·九年级期中）—Look at the sign, dad. You _______ smoke near the gas station. It’s too dangerous.—Sorry, I won’t.A．shouldn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t15．（2022·上海·九年级期末）—The COVID-19 is so dangerous that it causes the death of millions of people around the world. —Yes, it is. We __________ be careful.A．must B．can C．will D．may16．（2022·上海·九年级期中）—Why don’t you ask Steven to help with the party preparations? —Oh, he ________ be available—he’s busy with his report these days.A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．can’t D．needn’t17．（2022·上海杨浦·二模）Take some warm clothes. The weather ________ change very quickly in the mountains.A．can B．should C．must D．need18．（2022·上海·九年级期末）The special effects make the film ________ wonderful.A．seem B．seems C．seemed D．to seem19．（2022·上海嘉定·三模）There was a boy sitting in the corner of the room and he seemed _________.A．angrily B．sadly C．quietly D．lonely20．（2022·上海·模拟预测）The detective promised to try his best to solve the case, ________?A．didn’t he B．doesn’t he C．hasn’t he D．wasn’t he   21．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Tracy saw there________ a necklace and a pair of earrings in the gift box.A．is B．was C．be D．will be22．（2022·上海虹口·一模）Sorry, I’m afraid I ________ complete the difficult task by myself.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t23．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Kitty’s dog rarely barks at people, ________?A．does it B．doesn’t it C．has it D．hasn’t it24．（2022·上海·模拟预测）The little girl has lunch in school every day, ________?A．has she B．hasn’t she C．does she D．doesn’t she25．（2022·上海·二模）I’m afraid Mr. Harding __________ see you now—he’s having a meetingA．mustn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t26．（2022·上海·模拟预测）A lot of online resources ________ be used either by teachers at school or parents at home.A．can B．should C．need D．must27．（2022·上海·一模）It's a rule that visitors ________ bring in his camera to take pictures inside the museum.A．might not B．needn't C．mustn't D．wouldn't28．（2022·上海嘉定·二模）Jane ________ at home now. I saw her playing tennis at school just now.A．must be B．mustn’t be C．can be D．can’t be29．（2022·上海嘉定·三模）Tony ______ be in Shanghai now. He has gone to Paris on business.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t30．（2022·上海杨浦·三模）All my plants ______ be dead! I forgot to water them before I went on holiday.A．are able to B．need C．must D．should31．（2022·上海市曹杨中学附属学校模拟预测）Some animals ________ change their skin colors to fit into the environment.A．can B．must C．shall D．need32．（2022·上海青浦·二模）We ________ be careful with our personal information when surfing online.A．can B．may C．must D．need33．（2022·上海徐汇·模拟预测）We _______ close the windows and stay inside our flats when a typhoon is coming.A．can B．may C．should D．would34．（2022·上海奉贤·二模）Zhao Xintong won the UK Championship on Dec 6,2021. _______ he bring home a world championship? Let’s wait for some good news from him.A．Can B．Must C．Should D．Need35．（2022·上海长宁·二模）— I found a school uniform on the playground.— It         belong to Alice. Look! Here is her name card.A．could B．must C．need D．should36．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Bob’s new restaurant App ________ find restaurants close to the office.A．can B．must C．should D．need37．（2022·上海宝山·二模）The doctor has suggested that Tim _______ lose at least 10 pounds to stay healthy.A．can B．should C．would D．may38．（2022·上海·模拟预测）— Have you prepared well for the coming weekend?— You ________ worry about it. I always have my plans ready before it comes.A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．can’t39．（2022·上海普陀·九年级期中）A lot of wild animals are in danger and ________ disappear from the earth in the future.A．must B．need C．should D．may40．（2022·上海杨浦·一模）—Kevin falls asleep in class every morning.—He ________ be out late every night or maybe he works at night.A．can B．need C．must D．should  1．（2014·上海·中考真题）The traffic is moving very slowly as so many cars   on their way back to Shanghai.A．am B．isC．are D．be2．（2022·上海·中考真题）—_______ I use your glue? I’m making a kite. —No problem. Here you are.A．Should B．Need C．Must D．May3．（2017·上海·中考真题）—________ I park my car here for a while?—No, you mustn't. Do you see the sign “NO PARKING”?A．Would B．MayC．Must D．Should4．（2018·上海·中考真题）-Must I do the project on my own?-No, you____.You can work with your classmates.A．needn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t5．（2016·上海·中考真题）A good friend is someone you          share your pleasure and pain with.A．ought B．need C．can D．must6．（2011·上海·中考真题）It rained heavily, so we _______ stay at home watching TV or surfing the Internet all day.A．could B．had to C．must7．（2019·上海·中考真题）According to the rule，used batteries      be dropped in the red bin for harmful wastes.A．must B．need C．can D．may8．（2020·上海·中考真题）According to the traffic law，children under 12________ride bicycles on the road．A．won't B．wouldn't C．needn't D．mustn't9．（2021·上海·中考真题）—________ I have two tickets for the Chinese Farmers’ Painting Exhibition?—Sorry. The tickets are sold out.A．Must B．Need C．Should D．May10．（2015·上海·中考真题）–Mum, ______ I visit the Movie Museum tomorrow?--I’m afraid you can’t . It is closed on Monday .A．must B．may C．should D．need11．（2014·上海·中考真题）All passengers ______ go through safety check before they take a plane.A．can B．may C．must D．could12．（2013·上海·中考真题）— Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you，Dad?— No，you__________，son．You’re free to make your own decision．A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t13．（2021·上海·中考真题）Your idea of a day on the beach sounds ________. Can I join you?A．lovely B．softly C．politely D．beautifully14．（2013·上海·中考真题）A lot of foreigners__________ familiar with the famous places of interest in China．A．am B．is C．are D．be15．（2011·上海·中考真题）You _____ lose your way if you walk alone in the mountains at night.A．may B．need C．should D．ought to