考点08 中考英语句子类型-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习上海专用）

这是一份考点08 中考英语句子类型-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习上海专用），文件包含考点08中考英语句子类型-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习考点帮上海专用解析版docx、考点08中考英语句子类型-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习考点帮上海专用原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共28页， 欢迎下载使用。
考点08 中考英语句子类型
考向一、简单句的概念
简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。

考向二、简单句的种类
简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。

考向三、陈述句
用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。

（一）陈述句的肯定式：
He is a middle school student.
I have a hammer in my hand.
She teaches us geography.
The new play was good enough and everybody enjoyed it.

（二）陈述句的否定式：
1. 谓语动词如果是 be 、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。如：
My brother is not a teacher.
I will not go there tomorrow.
You must not make such mistakes again.
We haven’t discussed the question yet.

2. 谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加do not(don’t).如：
I don’t know anything about it.
We didn’t expect to meet her right here.
We didn’t have a meeting yesterday afternoon.

3. 如果“have”作“拥有”，可以在前面加do not(don’t)，也可以在它后面加not构成否定式，其形式与have got的否定式相同。
I haven’t (got) any brothers or sisters.
I don’t have any brothers or sisters.


[注意]
①句子中如果有all、both、very much/well等词时,用not一般构成部分否定,如果要完全否定,则通常使用none、neither、not…at all等；
All of them went there.→ None of them went there. 他们全都去了那里。→他们全都没去那里。
②句子中含有little、few、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom、rarely等词时, 则视为否定句。
Few people live there because life there is very hard.（几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了）
③陈述句(主语+谓语+其他)在口语中可以直接表示疑问或者惊讶。
That’s your boss?（那就是你的老板？！）
④陈述句一般情况下应使用正常的语序,即：主语+谓语+其他。
⑤所有的从句一律使用陈述句语序,即在连接词后采用“主语+谓语+其他”的顺序。
The old man told me that he would live here for ten more years before he returns home.老人告诉我说他还要在这儿住几年然后回家。
Could you tell me who you saw at the party last night? 能告诉我在聚会上你都看见了谁吗？

考向四、疑问句
（一）一般疑问句： 用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。
1. 一般疑问句构成：句中谓语动词是be、助动词、情态动词时,则将它们(提前)放到主语前面。
Is he an engineer?
Have you got today’s newspaper?
Shall we go to see a film this evening?
Would you like to go out for a walk?
谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,则在主语前面加助动词do / does / did, 原来的谓语动词改为原形。如：
Do you get up at six every morning?
Does she study hard?
Did you go there yesterday?
2. 一般疑问句的回答：
一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答。如：
Will you join us in playing basketball? —Yes, we will. /—No, we won’t.
Have you got today’s newspaper? —Yes, I have . / —No, I haven’t.
[注意] must或者may开头的疑问句的回答。回答时所用的时态应和问句里的时态一致。
3. 一般疑问句的否定结构(即否定形式的一般疑问句)表示惊奇、责怪、建议、看法等,只要 “not”放到主语之前与be, have等助动词或情态动词连用。
Haven’t you any brothers?
Can’t we walk a little farther?
Hasn’t she heard of the matter?
Can’t he answer the question? —Yes,he can. / —No,he can’t.
（二）特殊疑问句：要求具体回答的问句。
1. 特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
What do you want?
Who(m) are you looking for?
Whose magazine is this?
When did you get up this morning?
Why did he go to bed so early?
仔细观察下列句子的语序
Who is dancing over there?
What is on the wall?
Which is yours?
Whose book is in your bag?
2. 常用疑问代词和疑问副词
疑问代词： who, whom, whose, which, what,
疑问副词： when, where, why, how,
how构成的短语：how many (多少个) (独立用；或跟可数名词), how much (多少) (独立用；或跟不可数名词), how old (多大年纪), how far (多远), how often (多常),how long (多久,多长), how soon (多久以后), how many times (多少次),等等。
3. 特殊疑问句有时也用否定式。
Why don’t you ask Jim instead?(常缩略为Why not…?)
4. 特殊疑问句疑问部分有时可以有两个以上的疑问词。
When and where were you born? (你是何时何地出生的？)
5. 疑问词如果是介词的宾语,则该介词可以在句首,也可以在句尾。如：
What do you want a computer for? = For what do you want a computer? (你干嘛要一台电脑呢？)

（三）反意疑问句： 反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no”来进行回答。

（四）选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。
1) 构成：(1) 一般疑问句 + or + 第二选项？
(2) 特殊疑问句 + 第一选项(+ 第二选项)+ or + 第三选项？
2)选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体回答,不可以用yes / no回答。如：
Is your friend a boy or a girl? –A girl.
Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? –Tea, please.
Which do you like best, singing, dancing or skating? --Dancing, of course.

考向五、祈使句
祈使句用来表示请求、命令的句子。

考向六、感叹句
表示强烈感情的句子。

1．（2022·上海普陀·九年级期中）—_________ is it from your school to your home?
—It’s about twenty minutes’ walk.
A．How long B．How far C．How soon D．How fast
2．（2022·上海普陀·九年级期中）________ great fun it is to fly a kite on a windy day! Let’s go.
A．How B．How a C．What D．What a
3．（2022·上海普陀·九年级期中）Cathy rarely spends her pocket money on her clothes, ________?
A．did she B．didn’t she C．does she D．doesn’t she
4．（2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中）_______ exciting the basketball match between China and America is!
A．How B．How an C．What D．What an
5．（2022·上海杨浦·二模）You never use disposable chopsticks, ________?
A．are you B．aren’t you C．do you D．don’t you
6．（2022·上海·九年级期中）________ has no one from other planets sent us a message?
A．Why B．What C．Where D．When
7．（2022·上海·九年级期中）—My parents have cleaned the room, ________?
—Yes, they have.
A．haven’t they B．have they C．didn’t they D．did they
8．（2022·上海·九年级期中）Only then _________ how important the success is.
A．he realize B．will he realize C．he will realize D．he realizes
9．（2022·上海·九年级期末）—I don’t know how to deal with the old and broken house.
—Why don’t you ________ at once?
A．pull it down B．to pull it down C．pull them down D．pull down it
10．（2022·上海·九年级期中）_________ school trip it is!
A．How excited B．What an excited C．How exciting D．What an exciting
11．（2022·上海·九年级期中）— _________ cold weather!
—Yes. But it’s _________ unusual experience for us who always live in a hot city.
A．What; a B．What; an C．What an; a D．How a; an
12．（2022·上海·九年级期末）________ great progress you have made in the past three years! I feel proud of you all.
A．How B．What C．How a D．What a
13．（2022·上海·九年级期中）Hurry up, ________ you will miss the bus.
A．so B．or C．but D．and
14．（2022·上海·九年级期中） ________ me immediately when you arrive in the United States.
A．Told B．To tell C．Telling D．Tell
15．（2022·上海宝山·二模）The doctors have done their best to save the dying patient, ________?
A．have they B．haven’t they C．did they D．didn’t they
16．（2022·上海松江·二模）________ excited Gu Aileen was when she won the gold medals in the Winter Olympics.
A．How B．What C．What a D．What an
17．（2022·上海宝山·二模）________ important information the students have collected for the class report!
A．How B．What C．What a D．What an
18．（2022·上海静安·二模）________ convenient it is to ride a Mobike in rush hours!
A．How B．What C．What a D．What an
19．（2022·上海崇明·模拟预测）—________ differences can you find between the two pictures, Kevin?
—Five.
A．How many B．How much C．When D．Which
20．（2022·上海宝山·一模）________ great fun it is to pay a visit to the Science and Technology Museum at weekends!
A．How B．What C．What a D．What an




21．（2022·上海虹口·一模）Don’t jump to conclusions, ________ you may make a mistake.
A．and B．so C．or D．for
22．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Kitty’s dog rarely barks at people, ________?
A．does it B．doesn’t it C．has it D．hasn’t it
23．（2022·江苏扬州·九年级期末）You ________ worry about your mother. She will soon be better after taking some medicine.
A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t
24．（2022·上海·二模）________ important it is to protect personal information on the internet!
A．What B．How C．What an D．What a
25．（2022·上海·一模）________ eye-opening experience it is to explore the underwater world!
A．How B．What C．What a D．What an
26．（2022·上海徐汇·二模）— will the visitors arrive at our school?
—In about 40minutes.
A．How long B．How soon C．How much D．How far
27．（2022·上海嘉定·三模）______ amazing it is to see the great painting with my own eyes!
A．How B．What C．What a D．What an
28．（2022·上海嘉定·三模）Record your voice while reading English, ______ you will find your weak parts and practise them.
A．but B．or C．so D．and
29．（2022·上海嘉定·三模）— ______ will you be able to solve the difficult physics problem?
—In an hour.
A．How long B．How often C．How soon D．How fast
30．（2022·上海杨浦·三模）— ______ did his parents move to the United States?
—Twelve years ago.
A．How long B．Where C．How far D．When
31．（2022·上海杨浦·三模）Peter seldom tidies his bedroom, ______?
A．does he B．doesn’t he C．does Peter. D．doesn’t Peter
32．（2022·上海杨浦·三模）______ electrical things with wet hands.
A．Don’t touch B．Not touch C．No touch D．Not to touch
33．（2022·上海杨浦·三模）________ noisy neighbour you have! I could hardly sleep last night.
A．How B．What C．What a D．What an
34．（2022·上海嘉定·二模）____exciting our life will be in the future with so many wonderful invention!
A．What B．How C．What a D．What an
35．（2022·上海·模拟预测）It was a cold winter’s night. It ________ but it was very windy.
A．isn’t raining B．didn’t rain C．doesn’t rain D．wasn’t raining
36．（2022·上海徐汇·二模）We have rules in the classroom. We must ________ or write on the desks and chairs.
A．draw B．to draw C．not draw D．not to draw
37．（2022·上海徐汇·二模）You’d better ________ too much time playing computer games.
A．not spend B．not to spend C．not spent D．not spending
38．（2022·上海静安·一模）Linda, ________ the weather forecast before you go on a trip.
A．checks B．check C．checking D．to check
39．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—The pen writes well though it doesn’t cost much.
— Let me have a try. So ________.
A．it is B．does it C．it does D．is it
40．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Look at the photo of Frank’s bedroom. Here ________ a bookcase and a desk, and in the bookcase ________ an alarm clock and some books.
A．is, is B．are, are C．is, are D．are, is


1．（2022·上海·中考真题）_______ exciting singing contest they had yesterday!
A．What B．How C．What an D．How an
2．（2022·上海·中考真题）—There is an umbrella in the corner of the classroom. ________ is it?
—Perhaps it’s Mary’s.
A．Whose B．Who C．When D．Why
3．（2022·上海·中考真题）Have a balanced diet and exercise regularly _______ you will stay healthy.
A．and B．or C．but D．for
4．（2020·上海·中考真题）—________is in charge of the summer concert？ —Jessie．She has a lot of experience．
A．Where B．Why C．What D．Who
5．（2019·上海·中考真题） beautifully little Simon dances in front of the camera!
A．What B．What a C．How D．How a
6．（2021·上海·中考真题）________ amazing the film Hi, Mom is! Mother’s love always touches my heart.
A．How an B．How C．What an D．What
7．（2021·上海·中考真题）The amusement park has received many visitors, ________?
A．has it B．hasn’t it C．does it D．doesn’t it
8．（2021·上海·中考真题）— The 10th China Flower Expo is being held in Chongming. ________ does it last?
— About 40 days.
A．How long B．How soon C．How far D．How often
9．（2020·上海·中考真题）—Tom，________here to carry the luggage upstairs for me，will you？ —All right．
A．come B．came C．coming D．to come
10．（2018·上海·中考真题）The self-diving plane proves to be useful in many ways.___smart invention it is!
A．What B．What a C．What an D．How
11．（2018·上海·中考真题）Please______the rubbish into different litter bins according to the signs.
A．puts B．put C．putting D．to put
12．（2016·上海·中考真题）_____ Diaey amusement parks are there in China?
—Two.
A．How many B．How often C．How soon D．How long
13．（2017·上海·中考真题）Professor Tu Youyou never stops doing research on Chinese medicine, ______?
A．is she B．does she C．isn’t she D．doesn’t she
14．（2015·上海·中考真题）— father took part in the charity activity in the neighborhood yesterday? —Peter’s.
A．Whose B．What C．Which D．Who
15．（2015·上海·中考真题）Please ______ your exam papers once again before handing them in.
A．going over B．went over
C．go over D．to go over
16．（2015·上海·中考真题）______ important it is for kids to imagine freely !
A．what B．what a C．what an D．how
17．（2014·上海·中考真题）The robot can help me sweep the floor. smart invention it is!
A．What B．What a
C．What an D．How
18．（2016·上海·中考真题） wonderful speech Emma gave at the UN conference!
A．How B．What C．What a D．What an
19．（2014·上海·中考真题）_____ carefully, Michael! There’s a school ahead.
A．Drive B．To drive
C．Drove D．Driving
20．（2015·上海·中考真题） Leave the reference books behind, _____ you won’t be able to think independently.
A．or B．and C．so D．but