英语选择性必修 第四册Unit 2 Lessons in life完整版ppt课件

Period Five　Writing—Writing a summary

写作指导

概要写作是一种控制性的作文形式，是一种对原始文章的基本内容进行浓缩并再加工的语言输出形式。它提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写一篇60词左右的内容概要。原文主要为说明文、议论文或夹叙夹议文，也有记叙文以及其他文体。

1．剖析原文。做概要写作首先要做的是“读”。“读”的目的是确定文章的体裁和主题，明确篇章结构。要根据意义划分文中的自然段，意义段的数量对应的就是要点的数量。

2．删除次要内容。理清全文的结构后，我们就要对文中的内容进行处理。处理的目的是删除次要内容，保留主要内容。文中描述性语言、细节和列举的示例都属于要剪掉的次要内容，这些内容可一带而过。剩余的部分要仔细研读，与主题相关的关键词句更是要标注出来，重点关注，最后归纳的要点往往是这些词句的同义转述。每段的首尾句有可能是主题句。

3．归纳要点。完成第二步后，每一段(意义段)的主要内容已经明确，接下来要做的是用自己的语言准确地表述各段的要点。为避免和原文的句子重复，可使用同义转述和句子重构两种方式来完成要点归纳。各要点的词数应根据文中对应内容的篇幅来定，分清主次。注意一定要选用适当的关联词来衔接上下文，保证连贯性。

4．修正定稿。初稿完成后，要检查要点是否齐全，各要点是否表述准确，检查是否有语法错误、拼写错误和标点符号错误等，还要检查词数是否符合要求。

常用表达

1．表示并列或递进

(1)It helps drive Zhejiang’s development.Furthermore，it’s of great help to enhance the high-speed railway technology.

(2)He found the influence had lasted for many years.Additionally，he found napping would do harm to children’s mental performance.

(3)Not only are the graduates themselves responsible for the situation，but also the government should.

2．表示因果

(1)Recently，the unsafe additives make people worried about the food safety.Consequently，the government has already taken action to improve the situation.

(2)Its quantity demand has increased rapidly due to the convenient bottled water.

(3)The students have pressure from studies in order to find good jobs.Accordingly，parents don’t need to put much pressure on them.

3．表示转折

(1)Drier climates also easily result in water shortages；nonetheless，good management can guarantee enough water to satisfy our fundamental demands.

(2)Sensitive people can quickly fit into any social situation.On the contrary，if a sensitive person experiences pain，it’s very hard for him to let it go.

(3)Parental involvement isn’t the crucial factor for success.Nevertheless，it sometimes may be effective if reasonable.

4．表示对比

(1)Fishes and birds migrate to feed，while some animals，such as a kind of mouse in Northern Europe，move for more spaces to live in.

(2)It’s difficult for Chinese students to feel the joy of learning.At the same time the situation to American students is quite different.

(3)On the one hand，featuring rich vitamin B6 and fiber，bananas help oxygen circulation.On the other hand，the tryptophan in bananas can raise one’s spirits and guarantee a good sleep.

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

There are many good reasons for adding recycling to your routine，ranging from a personal level to a global advantage.Recycling your waste makes you more responsible in the way you use and dispose of it.As a result，people end up saving a considerable amount of money while also saving the planet.Individuals，governing bodies and companies can take pride in minimizing their waste as they are helping to reduce global environmental damage and making this earth a better place.

Apart from the environmental benefits，think of the employment that it can generate.You put your waste in different bins.The manpower involved in the logistics and processing of your waste is considerable and thus you are helping to keep people in jobs.What could be more helpful in tough economic times as now than keeping people employed?

That is not all of the advantages of recycling.Many charities and community groups raise money through reusing and recycling goods.Your city has many charity shops that will take your unwanted clothes，electronics，furniture and other household items to resell as income for these non-profit organizations and these donations are also tax deductible for you.Some other not-for-profit charities will deliver such clothing and other items to underdeveloped communities around the globe.So，think of the people in need in your local community and in other nations before you throw away all those unused or uneaten stuff into the trash can next time.

When we talk about recycling household and workplace things，we tend to ignore or are less aware of how to deal with the electrical and electronic waste.E-waste is valuable as a source of secondary raw material but poisonous if disposed of improperly.Due to rapid technology development，obsolescent items have created a fast growing mass of electronic waste around the globe.

审题

1．确定文体：说明文；

2．主体时态：一般现在时；

3．主体人称：第三人称为主。

谋篇

短文中共有4段文字，每个自然段就是一个意义段，因此确定需要归纳的要点为4个。

核心词汇

1．对……有益be beneficial to

2．就……而言；在……方面in terms of

3．创造就业机会generate employment

4．此外；而且in addition

5．多加注意pay more attention to

找主题句

要点句(1)①There are many good reasons for adding recycling to your routine，ranging from a personal level to a global advantage.

②Individuals，governing bodies and companies can take pride in minimizing their waste as they are helping to reduce global environmental damage and making this earth a better place.

要点句(2)Apart from the environmental benefits，think of the employment that it can generate.

要点句(3)Many charities and community groups raise money through reusing and recycling goods.

要点句(4)E-waste is valuable as a source of secondary raw material but poisonous if disposed of improperly.

句式升级

请运用同义句转述或句子重构来替换以上要点句

要点1：Recycling is beneficial to the environment in terms of not only every individual but also the overall planet.

要点2：It can also help create jobs and keep people employed，generating employment.

要点3：Charities and community groups can help those in need through people’s recycling of goods.

要点4：We should also pay more attention to the problem of e-waste.

用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式连接起来，组成一篇60词左右的概要写作。

参考范文

Recycling is beneficial to the environment in terms of not only every individual but also the overall planet.(要点1) It can also help create jobs and keep people employed，generating employment.(要点2)In addition，charities and community groups can help those in need through people’s recycling of goods.(要点3)We should also pay more attention to the problem of e-waste.(要点4)