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外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 2 Lessons in life精品综合训练题
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这是一份外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 2 Lessons in life精品综合训练题，文件包含高中外研版英语新教材选修第4册Unit2单元检测卷2docx、高中外研版英语新教材选修第4册2单元检测卷2wav等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共20页， 欢迎下载使用。
单元检测卷(二)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What are the two speakers talking about?
A．A method. B．A theory. C．A rule.
2．What does the woman mean?
A．She agrees with the man.
B．Life cannot exist without sunlight.
C．Air is fundamental to all living things.
3．Why does the woman mention her dinner guests?
A．To invite the man to join them.
B．To ask the man to help cook.
C．To suggest politely that the man leave.
4．What’s the two speakers’ opinion about the solar energy?
A．It’s useful but costs a lot.
B．It’s convenient and inexpensive.
C．It’s green and can help save money.
5．What can we learn from the conversation?
A．The man is not interested in astronomy.
B．The two speakers are reading a book.
C．The woman is studying astronomy.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where did the woman spend her weekend?
A．In the mountains.
B．At the beach.
C．In the forest.
7．Why does the woman come back already?
A．To do her homework.
B．To see her parents.
C．To meet her friends.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．How often does the woman drive her car now?
A．Every day.
B．Four times a week.
C．Twice a week.
9．What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A．Neighbors. B．Friends. C．Couple.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What was the man doing when his computer broke down?
A．Playing games.
B．Watching a movie.
C．Doing his homework.
11．What’s the company’s phone number?
A．8036945. B．8037245. C．8062435.
12．What do we know about the woman?
A．She is a great help to the man.
B．She is the owner of the company.
C．She hasn’t run into the same trouble ever.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．Why did the woman go to Hong Kong?
A．To do business.
B．To see her husband.
C．To have a short holiday.
14．What does the woman think of Hong Kong?
A．Crowded. B．Lovely. C．Fashionable.
15．When will the woman bring photos to the man?
A．Tomorrow morning.
B．This afternoon.
C．The day after tomorrow.
16．What can we learn from the conversation?
A．The woman likes fishes.
B．The two speakers are former colleagues.
C．The man has been to Hong Kong before.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What does the man ask the woman to do?
A．Pick up his cousin.
B．Help his cousin study.
C．Take care of his cousin.
18．What will the man do on Saturday?
A．Finish his paper.
B．Go to work.
C．Perform on a music festival.
19．What will the weather be like this weekend according to the weather prediction?
A．Snowy. B．Cloudy. C．Fine.
20．What do we know about the man’s cousin?
A．She is shy around strangers.
B．She is very independent.
C．She is younger than the man.
答案 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.C 9．B 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.A 17．C 18.B 19.A 20.C
听力材料
Text 1
W：Do you know what the Big Bang is?
M：Yes，it’s a theory that explains how the universe started.
Text 2
M：Water is very fundamental to the development of life on the earth.
W：Life certainly cannot exist without water.
Text 3
W：Well，Jack，I would offer you another drink，but I have guests coming and I haven’t even begun to prepare dinner.Thanks for stopping by.
M：Thanks for the drink.It has been nice seeing you too.
Text 4
W：James，what’s your opinion about the solar energy that’s so widely-used today?
M：Well，it’s green，causing little pollution.
W：Yes，and it can also help save a lot of money.
M：True.After all，there is easily enough sunlight available.
Text 5
W：Today most astronomers accept the idea that groups of stars are all moving further and further away from each other.
M：Really? I thought the size of the universe had remained the same since its creation.
W：Actually I just read it this morning；it’s news for me as well.
M：I’m just not into astronomy.
Text 6
M：Hey，Karen，looks like you got some sun this weekend.
W：Yeah，I guess so.I spent the weekend at the beach.
M：That’s great.Where did you stay?
W：Some friends of my parents’ live out there and they invited me for as long as I wanted to stay.
M：So what are you doing back here already?
W：Oh，I have a paper to do.I couldn’t do any serious studying at the beach，you know.
Text 7
W：Have you paid any attention to the news about the climate change these days?
M：Yes.The reports say that we put too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping into space.
W：Right！So our planet is getting warmer and less suitable for us to live on.But you know there’s not only the climate change—there are also other problems threatening the earth.
M：The earth is like our mother.We really must protect it.
W：I agree.For me，I’ve started to save water and electricity，and now I drive my car only twice a week.
M：Well，just one person doing that isn’t enough—you’d better persuade all your friends to do so too.
W：I agree! So will you.
Text 8
M：Hello，is that Jane?
W：Speaking.
M：Hi，Jane，this is Chris here.Listen，I’m in real trouble.I was doing my homework and suddenly my computer broke down.
W：Oh，no.Bad luck.
M：Yeah，I can’t believe it! What do you think I should do?
W：I think I can help you，Chris，so calm down.It happened to me last year.I took it to a small company and they fixed it in an hour!
M：Thank goodness! Can you give me their phone number?
W：Sure，call 8036945.You can mention my name too! That might help.
M：OK.I’ll call right now.And thanks a million!
W：My pleasure.Good luck.
Text 9
M：Sarah! I haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been these days?
W：I was in Hong Kong for several days.
M：Oh，were you there on business?
W：No，I went there for a break with my husband.
M：Great! You must have had a wonderful time.
W：Yes，we had a good time.Hong Kong is such a lovely city with so much to see and to do.
M：What was the first thing on your list?
W：Ocean Park！We saw a lot of beautiful fish there.You know that I have been keeping fish at home for many years.
M：Did you take any photos?
W：Yes，of course.We took a lot of photos.
M：Could I see them sometime?
W：Sure，I’d love to show you.I can bring the photos to your office tomorrow morning.
M：Terrific！Thank you.
W：You’re welcome.See you tomorrow!
Text 10
M：Susan，I could really use your help this weekend.
W：What is it，John? Another term paper?
M：No，no.This is easy compared to that.My cousin is coming on Thursday.She has an interview at the college and I promised my aunt I’d look after her.We are going to the game on Friday，but Saturday I’m on duty at the library all day and I can’t get out of it.Uh，I was wondering if you could show her around during the day and maybe we can all meet for dinner later.
W：Sure.I don’t have any plans.What kind of things does she like to do?
M：Actually I haven’t seen her for three years.She lives so far away.But this will be her first time at a college.She is still in high school，so she probably would enjoy anything about college.
W：Well，there is a music festival on the playground.She’ll like it.Only I hope it doesn’t snow.They are predicting 6 to 8 inches for the weekend.Everything will be closed down then.
M：Well，I’ll drop her off at your place on the way to work around 11：00.But if it snows，I’ll give you a call and see if we can find something else to do.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Outdoor City Adventure Book Festival
For one week in July，Sheffield Central Library becomes the centre of adventure in the Outdoor City.Check out some of the events.Most of them are free but early booking is recommended.
July 10
Bee Quest—A Hunt for the World’s Most Elusive(难以捕捉的) Bees
Central Library Carpenter Room,7∶00－8∶30 pm.
A hunt for the world’s most elusive bees leads Professor Dave Goulson from Poland to Patagonia，deep into the Ecuadorian Jungle.He also explores closer to home.
Among secret places hidden right under our noses and through his scientific expertise(专业知识)，shows us that beauty hides in the most surprising places.
July 11
Clarion Call：A Heartfelt Tribute to Sheffield’s Access Pioneers
Central Library Carpenter Room,10∶30－11∶30 am.
Well-known walker，activist and campaigner，Terry Howard takes us back a hundred years and shares the story of the role Sheffielders played in the first fights for our right to freely walk on the Peak District moors(旷野)．The Clarion Ramblers is thought to be the first working class walking club.This is the story of their important role in gaining us the access we all enjoy today.
July 12
The Wainwrights in Colour Central Library Carpenter Room,1∶30－2∶30 pm.
Inspired by the work of the great Alfred Wainwright，over 10 years Andy Beck has reproduced in watercolour all 1,500 pictures drawn in A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells.Andy speaks about how the scenes in the Lake District have changed during the last 50 years.
July 13
Craft(制作) Your Own Adventure Journal—A Workshop Central Library Reading Room,2∶00－3∶00 pm.，￡5.
Learn paper craft techniques to make your own beautiful travel journal.Get advice from our expert tutor on using old photos and collecting stories and memories from your adventures and holidays.
语篇解读 本文为应用文。本文主要叙述了几个户外城市探险书展。在七月的一个星期里，谢菲尔德中央图书馆成为户外城市的冒险中心。这些活动大部分都是免费的，但建议大家要提前预订。
21．Which event should you choose if you’re interested in bees?
A．Bee Quest.
B．Clarion Call.
C．The Wainwrights in Colour.
D．Craft Your Own Adventure Journal.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据July 10中的“Bee Quest—A Hunt for the World’s Most Elusive(难以捕捉的) Bees”可知，Bee Quest中可寻找世界上最难以捉摸的蜜蜂，如果你对蜜蜂感兴趣，可以到Bee Quest，故选A。
22．What day is the right time to share the story of Sheffielders?
A．July 10. B．July 11.
C．July 12. D．July 13.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据July 11中的“Terry Howard takes us back a hundred years and shares the story of the role Sheffielders played in...”可知，7月11日的Clarion Call是分享谢菲尔德故事的最佳时机。故选B。
23．What is special about Craft Your Own Adventure Journal?
A．It lasts the longest.
B．It needs reservation.
C．It calls for admission charges.
D．It offers the most interesting stories.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一个活动“Craft(制作) Your Own Adventure Journal—A Workshop Central Library Reading Room,2∶00－3∶00 pm.，￡5.”可知，在这个活动中，要收取费用5英镑。而上文其他的活动都不收取费用，这是这个活动与其他活动的不同之处。故选C。
B
Brandon Olsen and Tylor Fritz of Hometown Sanitation(公共卫生) left gifts for three sisters who waved to them each Thursday after learning that one of them，3-year-old Rose，had been fighting cancer.
The men also gave their parents free garbage service for one year.
“When they did that，it was a few weeks before the diagnosis(诊断) when every day just felt so impossible，” said Rose’s mother，Angie Evenson，of Blue Earth，Minnesota.“Nothing in reality changes Rose’s diagnosis.But what they did makes us feel we are truly not alone in this fight.”
With binoculars(双筒望远镜) in hand，Rose and her two sisters，Grace,5 and Sophia,2 sat by the window and waved at their garbage men，Olsen and Fritz，as they drove by on their weekly route.
Olsen,29，and Fritz,24，told ABC News that the girls’ smiling faces are what they look forward to while working.They even left Halloween candy for the girls this year to show their appreciation.They hope that more and more people can understand and support their work.
But weeks later，Evenson wrote Olsen and Fritz a note explaining that little Rose wouldn’t be able to wave to them for a while since she’d be undergoing chemotherapy(化疗)．Rose had been diagnosed with Stage 4 kidney cancer in September.
“As a father of three，it changed my outlook on things，” Olsen said.“It opened my eyes...you don’t know what someone else is going through.”
Fritz said he cried when he read the note.“I got to the chemo part and there were tears running down my face，” he recalled.“I don’t have any children of my own，but I can imagine if someone very close to me is diagnosed as cancer，I’ll be heartbroken.”
“Rose is being treated at Sanford Children’s Hospital in Sioux Falls，South Dakota.She will miss a few more Thursdays，when she can wave to her garbage men，but her chemo sessions will be switched to Mondays soon and she’ll be back by the window early next year.I have confidence in Rose’s recovery.” Her mother said.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了来自Hometown Sanitation的两名清洁工，在得知三岁的小女孩罗斯被诊断为癌症后，给予她以及她的家人很多鼓励和支持。
24．How did the garbage men help Rose’s family?
A．They took the sick girl to hospital regularly.
B．They collected the garbage for free.
C．They looked after Rose in turn.
D．They offered money to help cure Rose.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The men also gave their parents free garbage service for one year.(这些人还为她们的父母免费提供了一年的垃圾服务)”可知，清洁工们为罗斯一家提供的帮助就是免费收捡他们的垃圾。故选B。
25．What can we learn about the garbage men?
A．They made the family famous.
B．They encouraged the family.
C．They gave Angie Evenson a good lesson.
D．They doubted about the doctor’s diagnosis.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“But what they did makes us feel we are truly not alone in this fight.(但他们的所作所为让我们感到，在这场斗争中，我们并不孤独)”可知，清洁工们的行为鼓舞着罗斯一家，让他们感到有人和他们一起战斗。故选B。
26．What do the garbage men wish for in terms of the girls’ smiling faces?
A．People’s understanding and support for their work.
B．Good friendship with the young girls.
C．Making more efforts to do their work well.
D．The girls’ family’s caring more for their children.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第五段最后一句“They hope that more and more people can understand and support their work.(他们希望越来越多的人能够理解和支持他们的工作)”可知，清洁工希望人们能理解他们的工作。故选A。
27．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Olsen has three sons.
B．Fritz has not got married.
C．Fritz is faced with a serious disease.
D．Evenson is optimistic about Rose’s condition.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“I have confidence in Rose’s recovery.(我对罗斯的康复有信心)”可知，罗斯的母亲Evenson对罗斯的情况很乐观。故选D。
C
In 1953，a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest(珠穆朗玛峰)．It was thought impossible.Now researchers who raised 18 of the geese—named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads—have shown the birds really fly so high.
The team trained the youngsters to fly in a large wind tunnel wearing backpacks and face masks full of sensors that recorded their heart rate，blood oxygen levels，temperature，and metabolic rate—how many calories they burned per hour.The researchers simulated(模拟) 10w-，medium-，and high-altitude conditions by altering the concentration of oxygen supplied to face masks worn by each goose as it flew in the tunnel.
Birds already have a better heart and lungs than mammals for sustained physical activity.And researchers knew that bar-headed geese have even larger，thinner lungs that let them breathe more deeply and an even bigger heart to pump more oxygen to muscles than other birds.
The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen was at its lowest—like the 7% found on top of Mount Everest versus 21% at sea level—the geese’s heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped.Somehow，the birds managed to cool down their blood—the measured blood temperature dropped so it could take in more oxygen，the researchers report today in eLife.This cooling likely helps compensate for the very thin air，the team says.
Although well trained，the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes or less when wearing their backpacks and flying at “high” altitudes.So it’s not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest.But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.
语篇解读 本文为说明文。登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，为了确认其真实性，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。
28．Why did the researchers raise 18 bar-headed geese and train them?
A．To test the flying height and speed of them.
B．To confirm they could fly over Mount Everest.
C．To observe them flying through the wind tunnel.
D．To see how many calories they burned per hour.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段前两句可知，一名登山者看到一只斑头鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰上空。人们认为这是不可能的。结合第一段最后一句和最后一段中的“So it’s not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest.”可推断出，研究人员饲养这种鹅是为了证实这种鹅是否能飞过珠峰。故选B。
29．What can we learn from the wind tunnel experiment?
A．It was carried out at very high altitude.
B．The geese managed to breathe less when their blood decreased.
C．The geese could live through the lowest concentration of oxygen.
D．It shows the geese could fly at high altitude for long.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的内容可知，风洞实验表明，当氧气浓度最低时，鹅的心率和翅膀振动频率保持不变，即使它们的新陈代谢率下降。研究人员今天在eLife杂志上报道说，……这种降温可能有助于补偿空气的稀薄。结合第五段中的“Although well trained，the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes or less...(尽管训练有素，但这些鸟只愿意在空中待上几分钟)”可综合推断出，鹅可以在最低浓度的氧气中生存。故选C。
30．What still puzzles scientists about the geese?
A．Whether they have super hearts and lungs.
B．Whether they have muscles pumped more oxygen to.
C．Whether they are willing to wear backpacks and face masks.
D．Whether they can manage to fly 8 hours to climb over Mount Everest.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“So it’s not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest.” 可知，目前尚不清楚的是，只有这些适应性变化能否飞行8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰。分析选项可知，D项(它们是否能飞8小时飞越珠穆朗玛峰)符合题意。故选D。
31．Where does the text most probably come from?
A．A science fiction.
B．A climbing guide.
C．A travel brochure.
D．A science report.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。第一段中提到登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。为了证实这种可能，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。由此可知本文属于科普文章，可能在科学报道中看到。故选D。
D
Water is a necessity of life.Rain，especially，helps plants grow and stay green.But too much rain，especially in cities，can lead to flooding.That can cause waste water systems to overflow and send pollutants into rivers and other waterways.To fight the problem，several cities in the United States are starting programs like rooftop gardens.
A team at the University of the District of Columbia in the nation’s capital has created a garden on the top of one school building.The garden holds many kinds of plants to help absorb rainwater and grow food at the same time.Architect David Bell has designed five “green roofs” for the university.He says he is excited about the project because “it meant doing something more than just dealing with storm water management.It took advantage of a resource above the city and these flat roofs that aren’t doing anything really became something that was about urban agriculture”．Rainwater is collected in large containers and sent through a system that waters the rooftop garden.The roof is filled with green life that appeals to insects.
“In cities，you don’t have that many spaces to choose from and so rooftops are just (unused) spaces，” says Caitlin Arlotta.She is a student in the school’s Urban Agriculture program.The project is part of a research program to see which plants do well on rooftops.The researchers are looking at plants including strawberries，tomatoes and sweet potatoes.The university also has other green spaces.“We also have our own farm experiments，” Arlotta said.“Within each of those growing systems，we want to be able to tell people which sorts of these crops grow the best.”
Sandy Farber Bandier helps run UDC’s Master Gardener program.It seeks to improve cities and make them beautiful by training people to become Master Gardeners.She says she’s been surprised by the garden’s output.“My biggest surprise was that we produced 4,250 pounds of produce the first year and was able to spread that to people in need.” She also likes being able to show people who live in D．C.and others beyond the nation’s capital what and how food can be grown on a rooftop.“This is the future for food.You grow it here，you prepare it in a commercial kitchen，you distribute through farmers markets，food trucks，and then you recycle.”
语篇解读 本文是说明文，介绍了美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。在大学校舍的顶部建造花园，种植多种植物吸收雨水，利用城市上空的一种资源，已经成为城市农业的一部分。
32．What do we know about the rooftop gardens?
A．Rooftop gardens are very common in average neighbourhoods.
B．There are many sorts of plants there which help take in rainwater.
C．They’re playing an important role in the city’s food supply.
D．Rooftop gardens are no more than containers to collect rainwater.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The garden holds many kinds of plants to help absorb rainwater and grow food at the same time.”可知，花园里有多种植物，可以帮助吸收雨水。故选B。
33．What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A．Rooftops can offer enough spaces to plant crops.
B．Many plants like strawberries can grow well on rooftops.
C．Some university students are participating in the Urban Agriculture program.
D．The plants in rooftop gardens are attractive to many insects.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，许多大学生正在参与这项城市农业计划。故选C。
34．How does Sandy Farber Bandier feel about the future of rooftop gardens?
A．Confident. B．Doubtful.
C．Worried. D．Ambiguous.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句Sandy Farber Bandier说的话“这是食品的未来。你在这里种植，在商业厨房里准备，通过农贸市场分发，食品卡车运输，然后回收利用”可推断出，她对于屋顶花园的未来很有信心。故选A。
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．Rainwater Necessity for Plant Life
B．Green Roofs—The Future of Urban Agriculture
C．The United States’ Agriculture Program
D．Rooftop Gardens—Food Paradise
答案 B
答案 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国的几个城市为了充分利用雨水，正在启动屋顶花园项目，该项目代表了城市农业的未来。故选B。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
36 One day，when I was perhaps six years old，I was walking with my father on a crowded street.All of a sudden，the normal flow of pedestrian traffic backed up as people tried to avoid a large object on the sidewalk.To my astonishment，the object turned out to be a human being，a man lying unconscious against a building. 37 Certainly no one made eye contact.As we walked by，my father—the model of a loving，caring gentleman—pointed to a bottle in a paper bag and told me that the poor soul on the sidewalk just needed to sleep it off.Then the drunken man began to murmur senselessly.My father warned me not to go near，saying “You never know how he’ll react.”
38 I had spent the previous 12 months travelling in poor Asian cities，but even by those standards this was a scene of misery.In addition to being desperately poor，the locals had to live in the extremely hot climate，ridiculously huge crowds and a fairly strong wind blowing dust everywhere.Suddenly a man carrying a huge bag of peanuts called out in pain and fell to the ground. 39 A half dozen sellers ran from their stands to help，leaving unattended what might have been the totality of their .One put a blanket under the man’s head；another opened his shirt；a third questioned him carefully about the pain；a fourth fetched water；a fifth kept onlookers from crowding around too closely；a sixth ran for help. 40 The performance could have passed for a final exam at a paramedic(护理人员) school.
A．I then witnessed an astonishing scene.
B．Not one of the passers-by seemed to notice that it was a man.
C．This was totally different from the bitter experience I had in New York.
D．Within minutes a doctor arrived，and two other locals joined in to assist.
E．I soon came to see that day’s lesson as basic knowledge for a New Yorker.
F．I’ll always remember a lesson that I learned as a boy growing up in New York City.
G．Yet many years later I had a very different experience while visiting a market in Rangoon.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在纽约的经历：人们看到躺在地上的人，匆匆走过，漠不关心；在亚洲的一个贫困地区，人们遇到遇困之人却愿意不顾自己的摊位对别人施予援助，两种经历形成了鲜明的对比。
36．答案 F
解析 空后一句“大概在我六岁左右的一天，我和父亲正在拥挤的街道上行走”与F项(我将永远记得我还是一个孩子的时候在纽约长大学到的一个教训)承接自然，从下文的“when I was perhaps six years old”可知，作者在回忆过去和选项中的“I learned as a boy growing up in New York City”相对应。故选F。
37．答案 B
解析 下文“Certainly no one made eye contact.(当然也没人和他进行眼神交流)”与B项(似乎没有一个过路人注意到那是一个男人)承接自然，上下文是并列关系，no one和not one是关键词。故选B。
38．答案 G
解析 空后一句“在过去的12个月里，我一直在亚洲一些贫穷的城市里旅行，但即使按照那些标准，这也是个悲惨的场景”与G项(然而，多年以后，当我在仰光的一个市场上参观时，我有了一次完全不同的经历)承接自然，选项在此起开启下文的作用，Rangoon和Asian cities是关键词。故选G。
39．答案 A
解析 空后一句“六个卖家从他们的摊位上跑过来帮忙，留下或许是他们全部身家的东西无人看管”与A项(然后，我看到了一个惊人的场景)承接自然，下文是陈述所看到的内容。故选A。
40．答案 D
解析 上文提到的是六个人的行动，与D项(几分钟之后，一名医生到了，另外两个当地人也来帮忙)承接自然，上下文话题一致，都讲述人们迅速过来帮忙的场景。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
There was a businessman who was deep in debt.When he sat on the park bench， 41 how to save his company，an old man appeared.“I can see something is 42 you，” he said.After hearing him out，the old man asked the man’s name，wrote out a 43 ，and pushed it into his hand，saying，“Meet me here one year 44 ，and you can pay me back then.”
It was a check for $500,000， 45 by John D．Rockefeller，one of the 46 men in the world! He could pay the debt instantly， 47 ，he decided not to cash it.Just knowing he had the money gave him some 48 .And 49 months，he was out of debt and making much money.He returned to the park with the uncashed check at the 50 time and met the old man.Just as he was about to 51 the check，a 52 came running and grabbed the old man.“I hope he hasn’t bothered you，” she cried.“He’s 53 escaping from the hospital and telling people he’s John D．Rockefeller.” The businessman stood there， 54 .All year long he believed he had the money.Actually it was his newly-found self-confidence 55 had turned his life around.
语篇解读 文章讲述了一个商人东山再起的故事。一个商人欠下了许多债务，他无助地坐在公园里。有一个老人给了他一张50万的支票，让他一年后来还。商人把支票放起来，作为一种精神支持的力量。后来他再次获得了成功，来找那个老人却发现那位老人并非约翰·洛克菲勒，支票也是假的。原来，并非金钱，而是信心使商人获得了成功。
41．A.wondering B．suspecting
C．estimating D．hesitating
答案 A
解析 句意为：商人在想如何拯救他的公司。wonder想知道； suspect怀疑；estimate估计；hesitate犹豫。故选A。
42．A.attacking B．disturbing
C．interrupting D．amusing
答案 B
解析 句意为：我知道有一些事正在困扰你。attack攻击；disturb困扰；interrupt打断；amuse娱乐。故选B。
43．A.number B．note
C．letter D．check
答案 D
解析 句意为：老人问了他的名字，开了一张支票。number数字；note笔记；letter信；check支票。下文中的“a check for $500,000”也是提示。故选D。
44．A.lately B．late
C．later D．latest
答案 C
解析 句意为：一年之后再见面。one year later一年之后。故选C。
45．A.signed B．handed
C．drawn D．deposited
答案 A
解析 句意为：那是一张由约翰·洛克菲勒签字的50万的支票。sign签字；hand递送；draw画；deposit放置，存储。故选A。
46．A.busiest B．richest
C．kindest D．darkest
答案 B
解析 句意为：世界上最富有的人之一。busiest最忙的；richest最富的；kindest最和善的；darkest最黑暗的。根据前文内容可知，此处表示的是“最富有的”。故选B。
47．A.however B．therefore
C．but D．meanwhile
答案 A
解析 句意为：他可以立即还清债务，但他决定不把支票取现。however然而；therefore因此；but“但是”，其后不能跟逗号；meanwhile同时。故选A。
48．A.weakness B．belief
C．urge D．strength
答案 D
解析 句意为：仅仅知道他有钱就给他了一些力量。weakness弱点；belief相信；urge催促；strength力量。故选D。
49．A.despite B．without
C．within D．beyond
答案 C
解析 句意为：几个月内，他从债务中走出来，而且还赚了很多钱。within months几个月内。故选C。
50．A.advanced B．appointed
C．announced D．delayed
答案 B
解析 句意为：在约定好的时间，他带着没有取现的支票回到那个公园去见那个老人。advanced先进的；appointed约定的；announced宣布的；delayed延迟的。故选B。
51．A.hand back B．give out
C．put out D．turn over
答案 A
解析 句意为：正当商人要归还支票时。hand back归还；give out分发；put out熄灭；turn over翻过来。故选A。
52．A.policeman B．banker
C．nurse D．guard
答案 C
解析 根据下文“He’s escaping from the hospital and telling people he’s John D．Rockefeller.”可知，这里意思是一个护士跑过来。policeman警察；banker银行家；nurse护士；guard守卫。故选C。
53．A.never B．seldom
C．always D．occasionally
答案 C
解析 句意为：他总是从疗养院跑出来，告诉别人说他是约翰·洛克菲勒。never从不；seldom很少；always总是；occasionally偶尔。故选C。
54．A.exhausted B．astonished
C．disappointed D．excited
答案 B
解析 句意为：商人站在那里，惊呆了。exhausted疲惫的；astonished吃惊的；disappointed失望的；excited激动的。故选B。
55．A.what B．if
C．which D．that
答案 D
解析 it is/was...that...为强调句型结构，应填that。故选D。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I lost my last debate in the recent National High School Academic Debate & Speech Tournament held in Shanghai.But instead of focusing on my 56. (fail)，I stopped to reflect on my experiences in the past few years 57. a debater.
In general，preparing for new debate topics usually 58. (include) brainstorming arguments，researching a resolution(解决)，and doing debate practice.So if you spot a debating group，you might see us sitting together after school，or even all day at weekends，discussing arguments and researching evidence.You might also notice us arguing 59. (fierce) anywhere we can.
Not only are they supportive，but my debate friends also have similar passions and interests to mine.As we discuss debate topics，my fellow debaters and I can talk about anything，from 60.
best way of rehabilitating(改造) criminals to the negative points of free immigration policies.However，our discussions are more than just a way 61. (practise) our debating skills.In my mind，they’re helping us to become calm and consider 62. (win) and solving real problems as well.
To me，the debating community is a great place 63. people help each other not only because they’re interested in a higher cause，but because they care about how people from different 64. (background) can lead better lives.I’m grateful to each of my debate friends and every single minute we get to spend together.Indeed，my high school life would be incomplete without them.So even though I 65. (defeat) in my last debate，I’m still thankful for being part of my wonderful debate family.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。最近作者在上海举办的全国高中学术辩论和演讲比赛中失败了。但是，作者认为，即使在最后的辩论中被打败了，自己也仍然感谢能成为精彩的辩论家庭的一员。
56．答案 failure
解析 考查名词。my我的，形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，故答案为failure。
57．答案 as
解析 考查介词。句意为：但我并没有把注意力集中在我的失败上，而是停下来反思过去几年作为一名辩手的经历。根据句意可知，答案为as。
58．答案 includes
解析 考查主谓一致。动名词短语“preparing for new debate topics”作主语，谓语动词用单数，故答案为includes。
59．答案 fiercely
解析 考查副词。副词修饰非谓语动词arguing，故答案为fiercely。
60．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故答案为the。
61．答案 to practise
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是动词不定式作后置定语，故答案为to practise。
62．答案 winning
解析 考查非谓语动词。动词consider(考虑)，后跟动名词作宾语，空格处与solving是并列关系，故答案为winning。
63．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。此处place是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故答案为where。
64．答案 backgrounds
解析 考查名词的数。句意为：来自不同背景的人。background为可数名词，根据空前的different可知用复数形式，故答案为backgrounds。
65．答案 was defeated
解析 考查时态和语态。句意为：所以即使我在最后的辩论中被打败，我仍然感谢能成为精彩的辩论家庭的一员。根据句意可知，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，答案为was defeated。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假定你是李华，负责学校新年晚会的筹备工作。请给你校留学生John写信，邀请他参加演出并做好准备。内容如下：
1．晚会时间和地点；
2．演出内容：唱中文歌或朗诵唐诗。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear John，
How are you? We are organizing a New Year Party in our school’s No.2 Lecture Hall on January 22nd before the Chinese New Year arrives，and this letter is our invitation.We hope you will participate in it.
There will be a variety of performances，including yours.You are expected to show your talents in singing a Chinese song or reciting a Tang poem.You have enough time to prepare for it，and I can’t wait to hear your charming voice again.
See you then!
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Studies have shown that children from poor families have more difficulty in school than other boys and girls.Children with higher socioeconomic roots seem better prepared and perform better on school tests.
Now，American researchers may have found a biological reason for that difference.They found differences in the brains of students who had low standardized test scores.Their brains had less gray matter and their temporal lobes(颞叶) developed more slowly than the other children.The findings were reported in the journal JAMA Pediatrics.Temporal lobes and gray matter are very important brain areas，says researcher Barbara Wolfe.“The brain areas are critical in the sense that they keep developing until individuals are well into their adolescence or early 20s，and critical in the sense that they are important for executive function，” she said.
Researchers studied brain images of nearly 400 children and young adults.The youngest subjects were four years old.The oldest were 22.Researchers looked for a connection between the person’s socioeconomic status and his or her test results.On average，young people from poor families had test scores between 3 and 4 points below what is expected for their age group.The poorest students scored between 8 and 10 points below the developmental norm.
Ms Wolfe says there are several reasons why poorer students often have lower scores.One reason could be poor children do not get the food they need for healthy development.Poor parents are less likely to stimulate their children’s brains through talk，play，and activities.Ms Wolfe also blames the “stress that parents face in trying to deal with poverty，putting food on the table”．The researchers say that up to 20 percent of the achievement gap，or difference in test performance，could be tied to poverty.
Ms Wolfe suggests early action may improve the brain development of children living in poverty.Reaching out to children when they are very young could help raise their test scores and academic performance when they are older.
参考范文
Recently，a study reveals the link between a child’s socioeconomic background and his academic behavior; that is，poorer students usually have lower scores than those from richer families.(要点1) Less gray matter in their brain may contribute to their learning disability.(要点2) Besides，family pressure，food shortage and lack of stimulus also account for it.(要点3) Fortunately，it is proposed that early action is likely to promote the brain development of those poor students.(要点4)
单元检测卷(二)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What are the two speakers talking about?
A．A method. B．A theory. C．A rule.
2．What does the woman mean?
A．She agrees with the man.
B．Life cannot exist without sunlight.
C．Air is fundamental to all living things.
3．Why does the woman mention her dinner guests?
A．To invite the man to join them.
B．To ask the man to help cook.
C．To suggest politely that the man leave.
4．What’s the two speakers’ opinion about the solar energy?
A．It’s useful but costs a lot.
B．It’s convenient and inexpensive.
C．It’s green and can help save money.
5．What can we learn from the conversation?
A．The man is not interested in astronomy.
B．The two speakers are reading a book.
C．The woman is studying astronomy.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where did the woman spend her weekend?
A．In the mountains.
B．At the beach.
C．In the forest.
7．Why does the woman come back already?
A．To do her homework.
B．To see her parents.
C．To meet her friends.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．How often does the woman drive her car now?
A．Every day.
B．Four times a week.
C．Twice a week.
9．What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A．Neighbors. B．Friends. C．Couple.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What was the man doing when his computer broke down?
A．Playing games.
B．Watching a movie.
C．Doing his homework.
11．What’s the company’s phone number?
A．8036945. B．8037245. C．8062435.
12．What do we know about the woman?
A．She is a great help to the man.
B．She is the owner of the company.
C．She hasn’t run into the same trouble ever.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．Why did the woman go to Hong Kong?
A．To do business.
B．To see her husband.
C．To have a short holiday.
14．What does the woman think of Hong Kong?
A．Crowded. B．Lovely. C．Fashionable.
15．When will the woman bring photos to the man?
A．Tomorrow morning.
B．This afternoon.
C．The day after tomorrow.
16．What can we learn from the conversation?
A．The woman likes fishes.
B．The two speakers are former colleagues.
C．The man has been to Hong Kong before.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What does the man ask the woman to do?
A．Pick up his cousin.
B．Help his cousin study.
C．Take care of his cousin.
18．What will the man do on Saturday?
A．Finish his paper.
B．Go to work.
C．Perform on a music festival.
19．What will the weather be like this weekend according to the weather prediction?
A．Snowy. B．Cloudy. C．Fine.
20．What do we know about the man’s cousin?
A．She is shy around strangers.
B．She is very independent.
C．She is younger than the man.
答案 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.C 9．B 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.A 17．C 18.B 19.A 20.C
听力材料
Text 1
W：Do you know what the Big Bang is?
M：Yes，it’s a theory that explains how the universe started.
Text 2
M：Water is very fundamental to the development of life on the earth.
W：Life certainly cannot exist without water.
Text 3
W：Well，Jack，I would offer you another drink，but I have guests coming and I haven’t even begun to prepare dinner.Thanks for stopping by.
M：Thanks for the drink.It has been nice seeing you too.
Text 4
W：James，what’s your opinion about the solar energy that’s so widely-used today?
M：Well，it’s green，causing little pollution.
W：Yes，and it can also help save a lot of money.
M：True.After all，there is easily enough sunlight available.
Text 5
W：Today most astronomers accept the idea that groups of stars are all moving further and further away from each other.
M：Really? I thought the size of the universe had remained the same since its creation.
W：Actually I just read it this morning；it’s news for me as well.
M：I’m just not into astronomy.
Text 6
M：Hey，Karen，looks like you got some sun this weekend.
W：Yeah，I guess so.I spent the weekend at the beach.
M：That’s great.Where did you stay?
W：Some friends of my parents’ live out there and they invited me for as long as I wanted to stay.
M：So what are you doing back here already?
W：Oh，I have a paper to do.I couldn’t do any serious studying at the beach，you know.
Text 7
W：Have you paid any attention to the news about the climate change these days?
M：Yes.The reports say that we put too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping into space.
W：Right！So our planet is getting warmer and less suitable for us to live on.But you know there’s not only the climate change—there are also other problems threatening the earth.
M：The earth is like our mother.We really must protect it.
W：I agree.For me，I’ve started to save water and electricity，and now I drive my car only twice a week.
M：Well，just one person doing that isn’t enough—you’d better persuade all your friends to do so too.
W：I agree! So will you.
Text 8
M：Hello，is that Jane?
W：Speaking.
M：Hi，Jane，this is Chris here.Listen，I’m in real trouble.I was doing my homework and suddenly my computer broke down.
W：Oh，no.Bad luck.
M：Yeah，I can’t believe it! What do you think I should do?
W：I think I can help you，Chris，so calm down.It happened to me last year.I took it to a small company and they fixed it in an hour!
M：Thank goodness! Can you give me their phone number?
W：Sure，call 8036945.You can mention my name too! That might help.
M：OK.I’ll call right now.And thanks a million!
W：My pleasure.Good luck.
Text 9
M：Sarah! I haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been these days?
W：I was in Hong Kong for several days.
M：Oh，were you there on business?
W：No，I went there for a break with my husband.
M：Great! You must have had a wonderful time.
W：Yes，we had a good time.Hong Kong is such a lovely city with so much to see and to do.
M：What was the first thing on your list?
W：Ocean Park！We saw a lot of beautiful fish there.You know that I have been keeping fish at home for many years.
M：Did you take any photos?
W：Yes，of course.We took a lot of photos.
M：Could I see them sometime?
W：Sure，I’d love to show you.I can bring the photos to your office tomorrow morning.
M：Terrific！Thank you.
W：You’re welcome.See you tomorrow!
Text 10
M：Susan，I could really use your help this weekend.
W：What is it，John? Another term paper?
M：No，no.This is easy compared to that.My cousin is coming on Thursday.She has an interview at the college and I promised my aunt I’d look after her.We are going to the game on Friday，but Saturday I’m on duty at the library all day and I can’t get out of it.Uh，I was wondering if you could show her around during the day and maybe we can all meet for dinner later.
W：Sure.I don’t have any plans.What kind of things does she like to do?
M：Actually I haven’t seen her for three years.She lives so far away.But this will be her first time at a college.She is still in high school，so she probably would enjoy anything about college.
W：Well，there is a music festival on the playground.She’ll like it.Only I hope it doesn’t snow.They are predicting 6 to 8 inches for the weekend.Everything will be closed down then.
M：Well，I’ll drop her off at your place on the way to work around 11：00.But if it snows，I’ll give you a call and see if we can find something else to do.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Outdoor City Adventure Book Festival
For one week in July，Sheffield Central Library becomes the centre of adventure in the Outdoor City.Check out some of the events.Most of them are free but early booking is recommended.
July 10
Bee Quest—A Hunt for the World’s Most Elusive(难以捕捉的) Bees
Central Library Carpenter Room,7∶00－8∶30 pm.
A hunt for the world’s most elusive bees leads Professor Dave Goulson from Poland to Patagonia，deep into the Ecuadorian Jungle.He also explores closer to home.
Among secret places hidden right under our noses and through his scientific expertise(专业知识)，shows us that beauty hides in the most surprising places.
July 11
Clarion Call：A Heartfelt Tribute to Sheffield’s Access Pioneers
Central Library Carpenter Room,10∶30－11∶30 am.
Well-known walker，activist and campaigner，Terry Howard takes us back a hundred years and shares the story of the role Sheffielders played in the first fights for our right to freely walk on the Peak District moors(旷野)．The Clarion Ramblers is thought to be the first working class walking club.This is the story of their important role in gaining us the access we all enjoy today.
July 12
The Wainwrights in Colour Central Library Carpenter Room,1∶30－2∶30 pm.
Inspired by the work of the great Alfred Wainwright，over 10 years Andy Beck has reproduced in watercolour all 1,500 pictures drawn in A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells.Andy speaks about how the scenes in the Lake District have changed during the last 50 years.
July 13
Craft(制作) Your Own Adventure Journal—A Workshop Central Library Reading Room,2∶00－3∶00 pm.，￡5.
Learn paper craft techniques to make your own beautiful travel journal.Get advice from our expert tutor on using old photos and collecting stories and memories from your adventures and holidays.
语篇解读 本文为应用文。本文主要叙述了几个户外城市探险书展。在七月的一个星期里，谢菲尔德中央图书馆成为户外城市的冒险中心。这些活动大部分都是免费的，但建议大家要提前预订。
21．Which event should you choose if you’re interested in bees?
A．Bee Quest.
B．Clarion Call.
C．The Wainwrights in Colour.
D．Craft Your Own Adventure Journal.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据July 10中的“Bee Quest—A Hunt for the World’s Most Elusive(难以捕捉的) Bees”可知，Bee Quest中可寻找世界上最难以捉摸的蜜蜂，如果你对蜜蜂感兴趣，可以到Bee Quest，故选A。
22．What day is the right time to share the story of Sheffielders?
A．July 10. B．July 11.
C．July 12. D．July 13.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据July 11中的“Terry Howard takes us back a hundred years and shares the story of the role Sheffielders played in...”可知，7月11日的Clarion Call是分享谢菲尔德故事的最佳时机。故选B。
23．What is special about Craft Your Own Adventure Journal?
A．It lasts the longest.
B．It needs reservation.
C．It calls for admission charges.
D．It offers the most interesting stories.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一个活动“Craft(制作) Your Own Adventure Journal—A Workshop Central Library Reading Room,2∶00－3∶00 pm.，￡5.”可知，在这个活动中，要收取费用5英镑。而上文其他的活动都不收取费用，这是这个活动与其他活动的不同之处。故选C。
B
Brandon Olsen and Tylor Fritz of Hometown Sanitation(公共卫生) left gifts for three sisters who waved to them each Thursday after learning that one of them，3-year-old Rose，had been fighting cancer.
The men also gave their parents free garbage service for one year.
“When they did that，it was a few weeks before the diagnosis(诊断) when every day just felt so impossible，” said Rose’s mother，Angie Evenson，of Blue Earth，Minnesota.“Nothing in reality changes Rose’s diagnosis.But what they did makes us feel we are truly not alone in this fight.”
With binoculars(双筒望远镜) in hand，Rose and her two sisters，Grace,5 and Sophia,2 sat by the window and waved at their garbage men，Olsen and Fritz，as they drove by on their weekly route.
Olsen,29，and Fritz,24，told ABC News that the girls’ smiling faces are what they look forward to while working.They even left Halloween candy for the girls this year to show their appreciation.They hope that more and more people can understand and support their work.
But weeks later，Evenson wrote Olsen and Fritz a note explaining that little Rose wouldn’t be able to wave to them for a while since she’d be undergoing chemotherapy(化疗)．Rose had been diagnosed with Stage 4 kidney cancer in September.
“As a father of three，it changed my outlook on things，” Olsen said.“It opened my eyes...you don’t know what someone else is going through.”
Fritz said he cried when he read the note.“I got to the chemo part and there were tears running down my face，” he recalled.“I don’t have any children of my own，but I can imagine if someone very close to me is diagnosed as cancer，I’ll be heartbroken.”
“Rose is being treated at Sanford Children’s Hospital in Sioux Falls，South Dakota.She will miss a few more Thursdays，when she can wave to her garbage men，but her chemo sessions will be switched to Mondays soon and she’ll be back by the window early next year.I have confidence in Rose’s recovery.” Her mother said.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了来自Hometown Sanitation的两名清洁工，在得知三岁的小女孩罗斯被诊断为癌症后，给予她以及她的家人很多鼓励和支持。
24．How did the garbage men help Rose’s family?
A．They took the sick girl to hospital regularly.
B．They collected the garbage for free.
C．They looked after Rose in turn.
D．They offered money to help cure Rose.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The men also gave their parents free garbage service for one year.(这些人还为她们的父母免费提供了一年的垃圾服务)”可知，清洁工们为罗斯一家提供的帮助就是免费收捡他们的垃圾。故选B。
25．What can we learn about the garbage men?
A．They made the family famous.
B．They encouraged the family.
C．They gave Angie Evenson a good lesson.
D．They doubted about the doctor’s diagnosis.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“But what they did makes us feel we are truly not alone in this fight.(但他们的所作所为让我们感到，在这场斗争中，我们并不孤独)”可知，清洁工们的行为鼓舞着罗斯一家，让他们感到有人和他们一起战斗。故选B。
26．What do the garbage men wish for in terms of the girls’ smiling faces?
A．People’s understanding and support for their work.
B．Good friendship with the young girls.
C．Making more efforts to do their work well.
D．The girls’ family’s caring more for their children.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第五段最后一句“They hope that more and more people can understand and support their work.(他们希望越来越多的人能够理解和支持他们的工作)”可知，清洁工希望人们能理解他们的工作。故选A。
27．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Olsen has three sons.
B．Fritz has not got married.
C．Fritz is faced with a serious disease.
D．Evenson is optimistic about Rose’s condition.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“I have confidence in Rose’s recovery.(我对罗斯的康复有信心)”可知，罗斯的母亲Evenson对罗斯的情况很乐观。故选D。
C
In 1953，a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest(珠穆朗玛峰)．It was thought impossible.Now researchers who raised 18 of the geese—named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads—have shown the birds really fly so high.
The team trained the youngsters to fly in a large wind tunnel wearing backpacks and face masks full of sensors that recorded their heart rate，blood oxygen levels，temperature，and metabolic rate—how many calories they burned per hour.The researchers simulated(模拟) 10w-，medium-，and high-altitude conditions by altering the concentration of oxygen supplied to face masks worn by each goose as it flew in the tunnel.
Birds already have a better heart and lungs than mammals for sustained physical activity.And researchers knew that bar-headed geese have even larger，thinner lungs that let them breathe more deeply and an even bigger heart to pump more oxygen to muscles than other birds.
The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen was at its lowest—like the 7% found on top of Mount Everest versus 21% at sea level—the geese’s heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped.Somehow，the birds managed to cool down their blood—the measured blood temperature dropped so it could take in more oxygen，the researchers report today in eLife.This cooling likely helps compensate for the very thin air，the team says.
Although well trained，the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes or less when wearing their backpacks and flying at “high” altitudes.So it’s not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest.But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.
语篇解读 本文为说明文。登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，为了确认其真实性，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。
28．Why did the researchers raise 18 bar-headed geese and train them?
A．To test the flying height and speed of them.
B．To confirm they could fly over Mount Everest.
C．To observe them flying through the wind tunnel.
D．To see how many calories they burned per hour.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段前两句可知，一名登山者看到一只斑头鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰上空。人们认为这是不可能的。结合第一段最后一句和最后一段中的“So it’s not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest.”可推断出，研究人员饲养这种鹅是为了证实这种鹅是否能飞过珠峰。故选B。
29．What can we learn from the wind tunnel experiment?
A．It was carried out at very high altitude.
B．The geese managed to breathe less when their blood decreased.
C．The geese could live through the lowest concentration of oxygen.
D．It shows the geese could fly at high altitude for long.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的内容可知，风洞实验表明，当氧气浓度最低时，鹅的心率和翅膀振动频率保持不变，即使它们的新陈代谢率下降。研究人员今天在eLife杂志上报道说，……这种降温可能有助于补偿空气的稀薄。结合第五段中的“Although well trained，the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes or less...(尽管训练有素，但这些鸟只愿意在空中待上几分钟)”可综合推断出，鹅可以在最低浓度的氧气中生存。故选C。
30．What still puzzles scientists about the geese?
A．Whether they have super hearts and lungs.
B．Whether they have muscles pumped more oxygen to.
C．Whether they are willing to wear backpacks and face masks.
D．Whether they can manage to fly 8 hours to climb over Mount Everest.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“So it’s not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest.” 可知，目前尚不清楚的是，只有这些适应性变化能否飞行8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰。分析选项可知，D项(它们是否能飞8小时飞越珠穆朗玛峰)符合题意。故选D。
31．Where does the text most probably come from?
A．A science fiction.
B．A climbing guide.
C．A travel brochure.
D．A science report.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。第一段中提到登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。为了证实这种可能，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。由此可知本文属于科普文章，可能在科学报道中看到。故选D。
D
Water is a necessity of life.Rain，especially，helps plants grow and stay green.But too much rain，especially in cities，can lead to flooding.That can cause waste water systems to overflow and send pollutants into rivers and other waterways.To fight the problem，several cities in the United States are starting programs like rooftop gardens.
A team at the University of the District of Columbia in the nation’s capital has created a garden on the top of one school building.The garden holds many kinds of plants to help absorb rainwater and grow food at the same time.Architect David Bell has designed five “green roofs” for the university.He says he is excited about the project because “it meant doing something more than just dealing with storm water management.It took advantage of a resource above the city and these flat roofs that aren’t doing anything really became something that was about urban agriculture”．Rainwater is collected in large containers and sent through a system that waters the rooftop garden.The roof is filled with green life that appeals to insects.
“In cities，you don’t have that many spaces to choose from and so rooftops are just (unused) spaces，” says Caitlin Arlotta.She is a student in the school’s Urban Agriculture program.The project is part of a research program to see which plants do well on rooftops.The researchers are looking at plants including strawberries，tomatoes and sweet potatoes.The university also has other green spaces.“We also have our own farm experiments，” Arlotta said.“Within each of those growing systems，we want to be able to tell people which sorts of these crops grow the best.”
Sandy Farber Bandier helps run UDC’s Master Gardener program.It seeks to improve cities and make them beautiful by training people to become Master Gardeners.She says she’s been surprised by the garden’s output.“My biggest surprise was that we produced 4,250 pounds of produce the first year and was able to spread that to people in need.” She also likes being able to show people who live in D．C.and others beyond the nation’s capital what and how food can be grown on a rooftop.“This is the future for food.You grow it here，you prepare it in a commercial kitchen，you distribute through farmers markets，food trucks，and then you recycle.”
语篇解读 本文是说明文，介绍了美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。在大学校舍的顶部建造花园，种植多种植物吸收雨水，利用城市上空的一种资源，已经成为城市农业的一部分。
32．What do we know about the rooftop gardens?
A．Rooftop gardens are very common in average neighbourhoods.
B．There are many sorts of plants there which help take in rainwater.
C．They’re playing an important role in the city’s food supply.
D．Rooftop gardens are no more than containers to collect rainwater.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The garden holds many kinds of plants to help absorb rainwater and grow food at the same time.”可知，花园里有多种植物，可以帮助吸收雨水。故选B。
33．What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A．Rooftops can offer enough spaces to plant crops.
B．Many plants like strawberries can grow well on rooftops.
C．Some university students are participating in the Urban Agriculture program.
D．The plants in rooftop gardens are attractive to many insects.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，许多大学生正在参与这项城市农业计划。故选C。
34．How does Sandy Farber Bandier feel about the future of rooftop gardens?
A．Confident. B．Doubtful.
C．Worried. D．Ambiguous.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句Sandy Farber Bandier说的话“这是食品的未来。你在这里种植，在商业厨房里准备，通过农贸市场分发，食品卡车运输，然后回收利用”可推断出，她对于屋顶花园的未来很有信心。故选A。
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．Rainwater Necessity for Plant Life
B．Green Roofs—The Future of Urban Agriculture
C．The United States’ Agriculture Program
D．Rooftop Gardens—Food Paradise
答案 B
答案 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国的几个城市为了充分利用雨水，正在启动屋顶花园项目，该项目代表了城市农业的未来。故选B。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
36 One day，when I was perhaps six years old，I was walking with my father on a crowded street.All of a sudden，the normal flow of pedestrian traffic backed up as people tried to avoid a large object on the sidewalk.To my astonishment，the object turned out to be a human being，a man lying unconscious against a building. 37 Certainly no one made eye contact.As we walked by，my father—the model of a loving，caring gentleman—pointed to a bottle in a paper bag and told me that the poor soul on the sidewalk just needed to sleep it off.Then the drunken man began to murmur senselessly.My father warned me not to go near，saying “You never know how he’ll react.”
38 I had spent the previous 12 months travelling in poor Asian cities，but even by those standards this was a scene of misery.In addition to being desperately poor，the locals had to live in the extremely hot climate，ridiculously huge crowds and a fairly strong wind blowing dust everywhere.Suddenly a man carrying a huge bag of peanuts called out in pain and fell to the ground. 39 A half dozen sellers ran from their stands to help，leaving unattended what might have been the totality of their .One put a blanket under the man’s head；another opened his shirt；a third questioned him carefully about the pain；a fourth fetched water；a fifth kept onlookers from crowding around too closely；a sixth ran for help. 40 The performance could have passed for a final exam at a paramedic(护理人员) school.
A．I then witnessed an astonishing scene.
B．Not one of the passers-by seemed to notice that it was a man.
C．This was totally different from the bitter experience I had in New York.
D．Within minutes a doctor arrived，and two other locals joined in to assist.
E．I soon came to see that day’s lesson as basic knowledge for a New Yorker.
F．I’ll always remember a lesson that I learned as a boy growing up in New York City.
G．Yet many years later I had a very different experience while visiting a market in Rangoon.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在纽约的经历：人们看到躺在地上的人，匆匆走过，漠不关心；在亚洲的一个贫困地区，人们遇到遇困之人却愿意不顾自己的摊位对别人施予援助，两种经历形成了鲜明的对比。
36．答案 F
解析 空后一句“大概在我六岁左右的一天，我和父亲正在拥挤的街道上行走”与F项(我将永远记得我还是一个孩子的时候在纽约长大学到的一个教训)承接自然，从下文的“when I was perhaps six years old”可知，作者在回忆过去和选项中的“I learned as a boy growing up in New York City”相对应。故选F。
37．答案 B
解析 下文“Certainly no one made eye contact.(当然也没人和他进行眼神交流)”与B项(似乎没有一个过路人注意到那是一个男人)承接自然，上下文是并列关系，no one和not one是关键词。故选B。
38．答案 G
解析 空后一句“在过去的12个月里，我一直在亚洲一些贫穷的城市里旅行，但即使按照那些标准，这也是个悲惨的场景”与G项(然而，多年以后，当我在仰光的一个市场上参观时，我有了一次完全不同的经历)承接自然，选项在此起开启下文的作用，Rangoon和Asian cities是关键词。故选G。
39．答案 A
解析 空后一句“六个卖家从他们的摊位上跑过来帮忙，留下或许是他们全部身家的东西无人看管”与A项(然后，我看到了一个惊人的场景)承接自然，下文是陈述所看到的内容。故选A。
40．答案 D
解析 上文提到的是六个人的行动，与D项(几分钟之后，一名医生到了，另外两个当地人也来帮忙)承接自然，上下文话题一致，都讲述人们迅速过来帮忙的场景。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
There was a businessman who was deep in debt.When he sat on the park bench， 41 how to save his company，an old man appeared.“I can see something is 42 you，” he said.After hearing him out，the old man asked the man’s name，wrote out a 43 ，and pushed it into his hand，saying，“Meet me here one year 44 ，and you can pay me back then.”
It was a check for $500,000， 45 by John D．Rockefeller，one of the 46 men in the world! He could pay the debt instantly， 47 ，he decided not to cash it.Just knowing he had the money gave him some 48 .And 49 months，he was out of debt and making much money.He returned to the park with the uncashed check at the 50 time and met the old man.Just as he was about to 51 the check，a 52 came running and grabbed the old man.“I hope he hasn’t bothered you，” she cried.“He’s 53 escaping from the hospital and telling people he’s John D．Rockefeller.” The businessman stood there， 54 .All year long he believed he had the money.Actually it was his newly-found self-confidence 55 had turned his life around.
语篇解读 文章讲述了一个商人东山再起的故事。一个商人欠下了许多债务，他无助地坐在公园里。有一个老人给了他一张50万的支票，让他一年后来还。商人把支票放起来，作为一种精神支持的力量。后来他再次获得了成功，来找那个老人却发现那位老人并非约翰·洛克菲勒，支票也是假的。原来，并非金钱，而是信心使商人获得了成功。
41．A.wondering B．suspecting
C．estimating D．hesitating
答案 A
解析 句意为：商人在想如何拯救他的公司。wonder想知道； suspect怀疑；estimate估计；hesitate犹豫。故选A。
42．A.attacking B．disturbing
C．interrupting D．amusing
答案 B
解析 句意为：我知道有一些事正在困扰你。attack攻击；disturb困扰；interrupt打断；amuse娱乐。故选B。
43．A.number B．note
C．letter D．check
答案 D
解析 句意为：老人问了他的名字，开了一张支票。number数字；note笔记；letter信；check支票。下文中的“a check for $500,000”也是提示。故选D。
44．A.lately B．late
C．later D．latest
答案 C
解析 句意为：一年之后再见面。one year later一年之后。故选C。
45．A.signed B．handed
C．drawn D．deposited
答案 A
解析 句意为：那是一张由约翰·洛克菲勒签字的50万的支票。sign签字；hand递送；draw画；deposit放置，存储。故选A。
46．A.busiest B．richest
C．kindest D．darkest
答案 B
解析 句意为：世界上最富有的人之一。busiest最忙的；richest最富的；kindest最和善的；darkest最黑暗的。根据前文内容可知，此处表示的是“最富有的”。故选B。
47．A.however B．therefore
C．but D．meanwhile
答案 A
解析 句意为：他可以立即还清债务，但他决定不把支票取现。however然而；therefore因此；but“但是”，其后不能跟逗号；meanwhile同时。故选A。
48．A.weakness B．belief
C．urge D．strength
答案 D
解析 句意为：仅仅知道他有钱就给他了一些力量。weakness弱点；belief相信；urge催促；strength力量。故选D。
49．A.despite B．without
C．within D．beyond
答案 C
解析 句意为：几个月内，他从债务中走出来，而且还赚了很多钱。within months几个月内。故选C。
50．A.advanced B．appointed
C．announced D．delayed
答案 B
解析 句意为：在约定好的时间，他带着没有取现的支票回到那个公园去见那个老人。advanced先进的；appointed约定的；announced宣布的；delayed延迟的。故选B。
51．A.hand back B．give out
C．put out D．turn over
答案 A
解析 句意为：正当商人要归还支票时。hand back归还；give out分发；put out熄灭；turn over翻过来。故选A。
52．A.policeman B．banker
C．nurse D．guard
答案 C
解析 根据下文“He’s escaping from the hospital and telling people he’s John D．Rockefeller.”可知，这里意思是一个护士跑过来。policeman警察；banker银行家；nurse护士；guard守卫。故选C。
53．A.never B．seldom
C．always D．occasionally
答案 C
解析 句意为：他总是从疗养院跑出来，告诉别人说他是约翰·洛克菲勒。never从不；seldom很少；always总是；occasionally偶尔。故选C。
54．A.exhausted B．astonished
C．disappointed D．excited
答案 B
解析 句意为：商人站在那里，惊呆了。exhausted疲惫的；astonished吃惊的；disappointed失望的；excited激动的。故选B。
55．A.what B．if
C．which D．that
答案 D
解析 it is/was...that...为强调句型结构，应填that。故选D。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I lost my last debate in the recent National High School Academic Debate & Speech Tournament held in Shanghai.But instead of focusing on my 56. (fail)，I stopped to reflect on my experiences in the past few years 57. a debater.
In general，preparing for new debate topics usually 58. (include) brainstorming arguments，researching a resolution(解决)，and doing debate practice.So if you spot a debating group，you might see us sitting together after school，or even all day at weekends，discussing arguments and researching evidence.You might also notice us arguing 59. (fierce) anywhere we can.
Not only are they supportive，but my debate friends also have similar passions and interests to mine.As we discuss debate topics，my fellow debaters and I can talk about anything，from 60.
best way of rehabilitating(改造) criminals to the negative points of free immigration policies.However，our discussions are more than just a way 61. (practise) our debating skills.In my mind，they’re helping us to become calm and consider 62. (win) and solving real problems as well.
To me，the debating community is a great place 63. people help each other not only because they’re interested in a higher cause，but because they care about how people from different 64. (background) can lead better lives.I’m grateful to each of my debate friends and every single minute we get to spend together.Indeed，my high school life would be incomplete without them.So even though I 65. (defeat) in my last debate，I’m still thankful for being part of my wonderful debate family.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。最近作者在上海举办的全国高中学术辩论和演讲比赛中失败了。但是，作者认为，即使在最后的辩论中被打败了，自己也仍然感谢能成为精彩的辩论家庭的一员。
56．答案 failure
解析 考查名词。my我的，形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，故答案为failure。
57．答案 as
解析 考查介词。句意为：但我并没有把注意力集中在我的失败上，而是停下来反思过去几年作为一名辩手的经历。根据句意可知，答案为as。
58．答案 includes
解析 考查主谓一致。动名词短语“preparing for new debate topics”作主语，谓语动词用单数，故答案为includes。
59．答案 fiercely
解析 考查副词。副词修饰非谓语动词arguing，故答案为fiercely。
60．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故答案为the。
61．答案 to practise
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是动词不定式作后置定语，故答案为to practise。
62．答案 winning
解析 考查非谓语动词。动词consider(考虑)，后跟动名词作宾语，空格处与solving是并列关系，故答案为winning。
63．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。此处place是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故答案为where。
64．答案 backgrounds
解析 考查名词的数。句意为：来自不同背景的人。background为可数名词，根据空前的different可知用复数形式，故答案为backgrounds。
65．答案 was defeated
解析 考查时态和语态。句意为：所以即使我在最后的辩论中被打败，我仍然感谢能成为精彩的辩论家庭的一员。根据句意可知，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，答案为was defeated。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假定你是李华，负责学校新年晚会的筹备工作。请给你校留学生John写信，邀请他参加演出并做好准备。内容如下：
1．晚会时间和地点；
2．演出内容：唱中文歌或朗诵唐诗。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear John，
How are you? We are organizing a New Year Party in our school’s No.2 Lecture Hall on January 22nd before the Chinese New Year arrives，and this letter is our invitation.We hope you will participate in it.
There will be a variety of performances，including yours.You are expected to show your talents in singing a Chinese song or reciting a Tang poem.You have enough time to prepare for it，and I can’t wait to hear your charming voice again.
See you then!
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Studies have shown that children from poor families have more difficulty in school than other boys and girls.Children with higher socioeconomic roots seem better prepared and perform better on school tests.
Now，American researchers may have found a biological reason for that difference.They found differences in the brains of students who had low standardized test scores.Their brains had less gray matter and their temporal lobes(颞叶) developed more slowly than the other children.The findings were reported in the journal JAMA Pediatrics.Temporal lobes and gray matter are very important brain areas，says researcher Barbara Wolfe.“The brain areas are critical in the sense that they keep developing until individuals are well into their adolescence or early 20s，and critical in the sense that they are important for executive function，” she said.
Researchers studied brain images of nearly 400 children and young adults.The youngest subjects were four years old.The oldest were 22.Researchers looked for a connection between the person’s socioeconomic status and his or her test results.On average，young people from poor families had test scores between 3 and 4 points below what is expected for their age group.The poorest students scored between 8 and 10 points below the developmental norm.
Ms Wolfe says there are several reasons why poorer students often have lower scores.One reason could be poor children do not get the food they need for healthy development.Poor parents are less likely to stimulate their children’s brains through talk，play，and activities.Ms Wolfe also blames the “stress that parents face in trying to deal with poverty，putting food on the table”．The researchers say that up to 20 percent of the achievement gap，or difference in test performance，could be tied to poverty.
Ms Wolfe suggests early action may improve the brain development of children living in poverty.Reaching out to children when they are very young could help raise their test scores and academic performance when they are older.
参考范文
Recently，a study reveals the link between a child’s socioeconomic background and his academic behavior; that is，poorer students usually have lower scores than those from richer families.(要点1) Less gray matter in their brain may contribute to their learning disability.(要点2) Besides，family pressure，food shortage and lack of stimulus also account for it.(要点3) Fortunately，it is proposed that early action is likely to promote the brain development of those poor students.(要点4)
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