中考英语三轮冲刺精讲精练专题04 动词和动词短语 (含答案)
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精讲动词和动词短语
动词是英语中最核心的词类,历来是英语考试中考查频率最高、比重最大的实词,可以说掌握好了动词,就具备了在英语考试中取得成功的基础。考生在平时的英语学习中要重视对动词及动词词组的学习、理解、整理和记忆,不断积累动词相关知识,进而在考试时做到得心应手。动词可以从以下几方面来进行总结:
一、实义动词
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动词:按其持续性可分为延续性和短暂性动词。
1.不及物动词
(1)本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语的实义动词,叫作不及物动词。
常见不及物动词有:swim,cry,stand,lie,sit等
(2)有些动词既可以用作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词。如start
(3)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用就相当于一个及物动词,也叫短语动词。主要有五种形式:动词+介词;动词+副词;动词+副词+介词;动词+名词+介词;be+形容词+介词。
2.及物动词
及物动词术身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。其结构有:
宾语 如:How long may I keep the book(宾语),这本书我可以借多久?
及物动词 + 宾语+宾语补足语 如:I saw the children(宾语)play(宾补)this afternoon.
间接宾语+直接宾语 如:Please give me(间接宾语)the pen(直接宾语)。
二、及物动词(短语)+直接宾语+间接宾语
(1)英语中有些动词可以带两个宾语,这些动词大多具有“给予”的含义。如:He lent me a book.他借给我一本书。动词后面带有表示动作结果的直接宾语(a book)和表示动作目标的间接宾语me。
Please tell me how the accident came about.请告诉我事故是怎样发生的。(me为间接宾语,how引导的宾语从句为直接宾语。)
(2)间接宾语在大多数情况下位于直接宾语之前,如果间接宾语在后,间接宾语之前必须加“to”(表示动作对什么人而做)或“for”(表示为什么人而做)。如:
He sent me a card=He sent a card to me.
She bought me a coat. =She bought a coat for me.
三、及物动词十宾语+宾语补足语
“宾语+宾语补足语”构成了复合宾语,宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。
We all find him a nice boy.我们都发现他是一个不错的男孩。( him为宾语,a nice boy为宾补)
(1)形容词作宾语补足语,说明宾语的状态或特性,前面常见的动词有make, keep, get, find, wish, leave,see,prove,consider,set等。
Who left the window open,谁把窗户开着的?
(2)名词作宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份或情况。前面常见的动词有call, name, make, elect, think, find,consider等。
They made him captain of the ship.他们选他当了船长。
(3)不定式作宾语补足语,表示宾语所代表的人和物所做的动作。
They forbade her to leave the country.他们禁止她离开这个国家。
(4)现在分词作宾语补足语表示宾语正在进行的动作,过去分词作宾语补足语表示与宾语之间的被动关系。
I found my teacher working at the desk.我发现老师IE伏案工作。
He raised his voice to make himself heard.他提高声音让别人听到他(说的话)。
[拓展]常接v. -ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find等感官动词和look at, listen to等动词短语以及have, keep, get, make等使役动词。
(5)介词短语或副词作宾语补足语。
Please make yourself at home.请随便一点。
I found him in /out.我发现他在家/不在家。
方法技巧
(1)有些感宫动词和使役动词后跟不定式作宾语补足语时不定式符号“to”该省略。这些词是see, watch,look at, notice,observe, fee1, listen to, hear, make, let, help。
(2)当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后有宾语补足语时,通常会在宾语补足语前使用it作为形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末。其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式/动名词/从句”。
四、延续性动词和短暂性动词
(1)短暂性动词:表示瞬间动作,动作一发生便立即结束。这些动词包括:hit, jump, tap, knock, marry,close,die,arrive,post,come,fall,leave,go,come,break,find,lose,give,join,borrow,lend,become,buy,receive,start,begin,graduate,finish,sell,kill,stop等。
(2)延续性动词:表示动作可以持续。这些动词包括;read, play, talk, write, eat, drink, wait, live,work,study,walk,run,rain,snow,fly,be,have等。
由这两类动词的性质决定,英语的瞬间动词不能在现在完成时句子中与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。只有延续性动词才可以在现在完成时句子中与这类时间状语连用。如:
Tom和Peter成为朋友已经许多年了。
(误)Tom and Peter have become friends for many years.
(正)Tom and Peter have been friends for many years.
方法技巧
非延续性动词如何表达延续的意义?
(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如:leave→be away, borrow→ keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth→keep sth open, fall ill→be ill, catch a cold→shave a cold。
(2)将句中表示“时间段”的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语。
(3)用句型“It is+时间段+since ...”表达。
(4)用句型“时间+has passed+since...”表达。
(5)终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示时间段的状语连用。如:He hasn't left here since 2002.
(6)终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成“not +终止性动词+until! till ...”的句型,意为“直到……才……”。如:You can't leave here until I arrive.
五、系动词
(1)系动词+表语 构成“系表结构”。
be动词
am,is,are,was,were
表示“感觉”
look看起来,smell闻起来,taste尝起来,sound听起来,feel摸起来
表示“变化”
become,turn,get,go,grow,fall,come,run
表示“保持,仍然”
keep,remain,stay,stand,continue,lie,sit,prove
表示“似乎”
appear,seem
知识归纳
(1)be(最常用的系动词,后面可跟各式各样的表语)还可以用在很多固定短语中,如be in, be off, be on, be over, be through, be careful of, be keen on, be productive of, be fond of, be sure of等。
(2)感官系动词表示“……起来”,有feel摸起来,感觉), smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来,吃起来)等。如:She's not feeling well this morning.今天早上她觉得不太舒服。
六、几个常常容易混淆的系动词
(1)表示变化的系动词用来表示主语变成什么样,各有侧重:
① become和turn后可跟名词作表语,其他则不能。如:
His father became/turned a worker last year.去年他父亲成了一名工人。
②表示天气变化,常用get。如:
It's getting dark. Let's go home.天快黑了,我们回家吧。
③表示由一种状态转到另一种状态,常用turn。如:
His face turned pale. He must be ill.他的脸变得苍白,他一定是病了。
④表示长高、变老,常用grow。如:
Your little sister grows much taller now.你妹妹现在长高了许多。
⑤fa11后面只接少数形容词,主要为asleep, ill, vacant, silent。
⑥go用作系动词,在多数情况下只跟形容词,而且只能跟某些形容词。侧重向坏的方向转变。如mad, pale, purple, wrong, sick, blind, sour, tired, independent, white, gray, dead, hungry等。如:
I went pale at the news.听到这个消息我一下子脸色苍白。
⑦ run表示“变成(什么样子)”,后面主要跟一些形容词。如:
My blood ran hot with excitement.
run还可以用在run high, run low, run wild, run strong, run small, run loose, run short of, run out of等词组中。
(2)seem:
表示“看来”“似乎”,后面可以跟:
①形容词:She seems sad today.
②分词: He seems lacking in enthusiasm.
③名词:It seems to me the best solution.
④介词短语:He seemed in low spirits.
(3)stay:
表示“保持(某种状态)”,后面主要跟形容词,有时也跟介词短语或过去分词。如:
I stayed single for many years.
Mother wants me to stay out of trouble.
Please stay seated.
(2)注意:
①系动词不用于进行时态和被动语态。
②几乎所有的连系动词都能接形容词作表语,但是要注意二者之间的习惯搭配。如:turn red(脸)红了,go bad(食物)变质了,fall ill病倒了,come true(愿望)实现了等等。
精彩笔记7 动词词义及动词短语辨析
(1)英语中动词有很多是近义或同义的。它们有的形似意不同,有的意同但用法不同,要细心掌握它们的区别。在使用时,特别要注意具体的语言环境。在日常学习过程中要注意小结。
动词辨析主要包括:①形状相近的动词辨析,如lie, lay, hanged, hung, raise, rise, sit, seat等。
②意义相近的动词辨析,如accept, receive, arrive, get to, reach, wear, put on, have on, dress等。
③意义不同但容易混淆的动词辨析,如find, find out, invent, discover, uncover, take, bring, fetch, carry等。
④常用动词习惯用法的辨析(后接双宾语或复合宾语),如see, hear, make, get, have, find, tell, want, allow等。
⑤中心动词构成的词组辨析,如turn on, turn downturn off, turn over, turn upturn into等。
⑥动词与其他词形相似、意义相近的词的辨析,如advice, advise, practice, practise, pass, past, choose, choice, effect, affect等。
方法技巧
(1)扩大词汇量。复习时不能拘泥于教材中单词和词组的表面含义,要大胆地对其深层含义进行挖掘和理解。如:go out除了表示“出去”外,还可以挖掘出以下含义:出国,发出去,贴出去,下台,结束,罢工,辞职,过时,死去,消失,压塌,(火)熄灭,出去工作,出去参加社交活动,等等。
(2)熟练掌握重点动词的用法,同义词和近义词的辨析,以便在测试语境中正确运用。
(3)熟练掌握以break, bring, call,do, get, give, go, have, keep, make, set, take, turn, work等为中心词构成的词组在造句和语篇中的恰当使用。
精练动词和动词短语
( )1.Now, Mum to fish with a long knife bought from Germany.
A.is used;cut B.used;cutting
C.is used;cutting D.used; cut
( )2.一Are you going to Shanghai to enjoy the exhibition this Friday?
一I'm not sure. It time.( )
A.turns on B.depends on C.tries on D.carries on
( )3.A notice was in order to remind the students of the changed speech time.
A.sent up B.given up C.set up D.put up
( )4.When you talk to people,you'd better to show that you're friendly to them.
A.cross arms B.look down
C.look at them in the eyes D.hold down your head
( )5.﹣Who should we ask to ___________ the plan?
﹣David. He is organized and thoughtful.
A.carry out B.go out C.put out D.run out
( )6.You can't predict everything.Often things don't as you expect.
A.run out B.break out C.work out D.put out
( )7.﹣ Nowadays, teenagers seldom do any housework at home.
﹣ No, they don't. Doing homework ______ most of their time.
A.takes up B.takes off C.takes away D.takes down
( )8."One Belt,One Road (一带一路)"will help to ________ markets for China as well as other countries along.
A.put up B.look up C.take up D.open up
( )9.﹣Last July, North Korea has conducted its fifth nuclear test ﹣ its largest to date!
﹣That's too bad. The North Korea leaders should the risk of starting a war.
A.put off B.try out for
C.think about D.take away
( )10.The UK is ______ four parts, England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
A.made of B.made from
C.made up of D.made out of
( )11.We are learning what we should do if a fire .
A.breaks down B.breaks out
C.breaks into D.breaks through
( )12.The car broke down suddenly on the country road and the heavy rain at night the helplessness of the poor driver.
A.resulted from B.made up
C.turned out D.added to
( )13.China Dream is a great way to gather people together and ___ the fast development of our country.
A.try out for B.fit for
C.push for D.cheer for
( )14.When something is wrong with your robot,it might ______ in your flat.
A.make a mess B.made a mess
C.makes a mess D.made mess
( )15.She fell asleep very soon as the tough work had most of her energy.
A.given up B.taken up C.tidied up D.set up
( )16.I would rather _____ than _____ with him.
A.laugh at; quarrel B.to laugh at; to quarrel
C.be laughed at; quarrel D.to be laughed; to be quarreled
( )17.﹣Do you know our new manager?
﹣Yes.He _______ to be a friend of my brother's.
A.turns up B.turns on C.turns off D.turns out
( )18. —Jimmy, the books are everywhere in your study.
—Sorry, Mom. I'll ________ at once.
A.put them on B. put them away C. put them out D. put them up
( )19.—Joe, don't eat too much icecream.
—OK, mom. But it ________ really good.
A. feels B. looks C. tastes D. sounds
( )20.—What do you think of the shirt on sale?
—It ________ nice, but it doesn't feel so soft.
A. sounds B. looks C. tastes D. smells
( )21.A good student what he reads what he sees around him.
A.compares,to B.compares,with
C.considers,to D.complains,to
( )22.﹣ Do you mind beside you, sir?
﹣ . I alone to enjoy the music.
A.my sitting; Better not; used to sit
B.my to sit; Of course not; am used to sitting
C.me sitting; I'm sorry but I do; have been used to sitting
D.me to sit; Never mind; was used to sitting
( )23.﹣Don't you think your hair is too long?
﹣Yes. I am going to have it soon.( )
A.cut B.cuts C.cutting D.to cut
( )24.The English teacher keeps advising us _______ more.
A.to practice speaking B.practicing to speak
C.to practise to speak D.practicing speaking
( )25.When you travel abroad, you can hardly avoid products made in China.
A.to buy B.buying C.buy D.be bought
( )26.The time he has devoted in the past years the disabled is now considered to be great value him.( )
A.to help,of,for B.to helping,/,to
C.to help,in,of D.to helping,of,to
( )27.If we pay attention a little power in our daily life, everyone can make a contribution the environment.
A.to save; to protecting B.to saving; to protect
C.saving; protecting D.to saving; to protecting
( )28.The plan they are considering improving greatly.
A.needing B.needed C.need D.needs
( )29.Students used to information from newspapers or magazines,but now they are used to for it on the Internet directly.( )
A.get; search B.get; searching
C.getting; searching D.getting; search
( )30.﹣ Mark Twin said, "The only way to keep your is to eat what you don't want, drink what you don't like, and do what you'd rather not. "
﹣ Mark Twain traveled in all his life. His adventure aboard is the material of his works.
A.health; anywhere B.healthy; everywhere
C.health; nowhere D.healthy; somewhere
( )31.I never doubt ________ the places of interest is worth ________.
A.whether;visiting B.that;to visit
C.whether;a visit D.that:a visit
( )32.一How much difficulty did the team have this problem?
一_________.The members are good problem solvers.
A.to solve;Nothing B.solving;None
C.to solve;None D.solving;Nothing
( )33.I remembered ______ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the light.
A.locking B.locked C.to lock D.lock
( )34.Today the forests are getting fewer and fewer.We must _____ down too many trees.
A.keep people cutting B.prevent people from cutting
C.stop people to cutting D.all the above
( )35.The mother felt herself cold and her hands trembled(颤抖)as she read the letter from the battlefield(战场).
A. grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown
( )36.I smell something in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
( )37.A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending,but the reader must not be left .
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying
C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied
( )38.—How long could I your English-Chinese dictionary?
—Only one day,please.
A. keep B. borrow C. lend D. get
( )39.The Chinese national women's badminton team the Japanese team by 3:1 in India on May 24.
A. won B. lost C. beat D. missed
( )40.What happens when you hear a strange noise at night, or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom? It often makes us .
A. jump B. to jump
C. jumping D. jumped
答案解析
1.C句意:现在,妈妈习惯于用从德国买来的长刀切鱼.used to do sth 表示过去常常做某事,而be used to doing sth 表示习惯于做某事.结合句意故选C.
2.B句意:﹣﹣这个星期五你要去上海看展览吗?﹣﹣不确定.取决于时间.A打开,B取决于,C试穿,D继续;根据预猜句意"不确定.取决于时间."可知,要填"取决于".
故选:B.
3.D句意:为了提醒学生们演讲时间的改变,一张通知被张贴了.A发射.B放弃.C建立.D张贴.结合语境"为了提醒学生们演讲时间的改变,一张通知被__了.".可知,应该是"张贴".故选:D.
4.C句意:当你和别人交谈时,你应当看着他们的眼睛表明你对他们很友好.A.手臂交错 B.往下看 C.看着他们的眼睛 D.低着头,选项C符合题意.故选:C.
5.A句意:﹣我们应该请谁来执行这个计划?﹣David.他做事有条理,有思想.A. 执行 B.出去 C.熄灭 D.用光,根据 to ___________ the plan,可知是"执行计划".故选:A.
6.C 句意:你不能预测一切,往往事情不象你期望的那样.run out用完;break out战争或火灾爆发;work out解决;put out 熄灭.结合句意故选C.
7.A 句意:现在青少年们在家很少做家务.是的,他们很少做.做家庭作业占了他们大多数的时间.A占据; B起飞,脱掉; C带走; D记下,拿下.故选:A.
8.D 句意:一带一路将开发中国以及沿途国家的市场.A.举起 B.向上看;查词典 C.拿起 D.开发,选项D符合题意,故选D.
9.C 句意:﹣﹣去年七月,朝鲜进行了第五次核试验,这是迄今为止最大的一次核试验.﹣﹣这太糟糕了.朝鲜领导人应该考虑发动战争的风险.A延期.B角逐.C考虑.D剥夺.结合语境可知,应该是"考虑".故选:C.
10.C句意:英国由四部分组成,英国、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰.选项A意为:由……制成,能看出原料,选项B意为:由……制成,不能看出原料,选项C意为:由……组成.选项D意为:由……制成.结合句意故选C.
11.B句意:我们正在学习如果火灾爆发了,我们应该怎么做.A表示出毛病、失败、分解等. B表示爆发. C表示强行进入、闯入. D表示突破. 故选:B.
12.D句意:汽车在乡间路上突然抛锚,晚上的大雨使这个可怜的司机感到无助.分析句子,结合选项,推测意思为车在乡间路上突然抛锚,晚上的大雨使这个可怜的司机感到无助,考查短语动词的辨析.此处应用add to "增添",又因为时态为一般过去时,所以是added to,A项"由……引起";B项"组成,化妆";C项"证明是,结果是".故选D.
13.C句意:"中国梦"是把人们凝聚在一起的一个非常好方式,并将推动我国的快速发展.
try out for尝试;fit for适合;push for推动;cheer for为…加油,为…欢呼.根据 the fast development of our country,可知在这里应该是推动我国的快速发展.push for推动.故选C.
14.A句意:当你的机器人出了问题,会让你的公寓一片混乱.might是情态动词,后加动词原形,故选A.make a mess意思为"制造混乱"
15.B句意:她很快就睡着了,因为棘手的工作占据了她大部分精力.give up放弃,take up占据,tidy up整理,set up建立,结合句意可知是工作占据了她的精力,故答案是B.
16.C句意:我宁愿被嘲笑,也不愿和他争吵.would rather do sth.rather than do sth.表示宁愿做某事,也不愿做某事.其中第一空表示"被嘲笑",laugh at表示嘲笑,其被动结构是be laughed at,第二空quarrel with sb.表示和某人争吵,故选择C.
17.D句意:﹣﹣你认识我们的新经理吗?﹣﹣是的,他原来是我哥哥的朋友.A开大.B打开.C关掉.D结果是、原来是.结合语境可知,应该用turns out结果是、原来是.选D.
18. B 考查动词短语辨析。句意“吉米,你的书房里的书扔得到处都是。”“对不起,妈妈。我将会马上 。”根据句意可知此处表示把它们收起来放好。故选B。
19. C 考查感官动词词义辨析。句意“乔,不要吃太多冰激凌。”“好的,妈妈。但是它 真地很好。”根据常识可知,冰激凌应该是尝起来好吃。故选C。
20. B 考查感官动词词义辨析。句意“你觉得这件特价衬衫怎么样?”“它 很漂亮,但是摸起来没有那么柔软。”根据逻辑可知,衬衣应该是看起来不错。故选B。
261.B句意:一个好学生把他所阅读的东西与他周围看到的东西进行比较.考查固定词组,compare…with…把……和……进行比较,结合句意故选:B.
22.C句意:﹣您介意我坐在您旁边吗,先生?﹣对不起,但是我介意.我已经习惯了一个人坐着欣赏音乐.mind one's/sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事,因此第一空要用my/me sitting;used to do sth.过去常常做某事;be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事,因此第三空要用have been used to sitting,表示"我"已经习惯了一个人坐着欣赏音乐;根据句意"﹣您介意我坐在您旁边吗,先生?﹣___.我___一个人坐着欣赏音乐.",可知"我"是介意对方坐在"我"旁边的,因此要用I'm sorry but I do(对不起, 但是我介意).故选:C.
23.A句意:﹣﹣你不觉得你的头发太长了吗?﹣﹣是的,我马上就要剪掉了.根据 I am going to have it soon,可知句子考查have sth done表示让某人做某事.故选:A.
24.A句意:英语老师一直劝我们多练习说.根据The English teacher keeps advising us _______ more可知这里考查advise sb to do ,而practice后面跟动名词形式.故选:A.
25.B句意:当你出国旅行,你很难避免购买中国制造的产品.根据When you travel abroad, you can hardly avoid products made in China.可知句子考查了avoid doing sth表示避免做某事.故选:B.
26.D句意:过去的几年中他一直致力于帮助残疾人现在被认为是很有价值的.根据The time he has devoted in the past years﹣﹣可知句子考查devote to doing sth表示致力于做某事.而consider后面不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语.consider v.还可作"顾虑到"、"顾及"、"体谅"(="take" into account)解.这时其后用名词或动名词作宾语.作"认为"、"以为"、"觉得"(="be" of the opinion, regard as)解时,后面多接宾语从句,这时一般不接动名词作宾语.consider作"认为"解时,后面还可以接一个宾语和一个动词不定式作宾语补足语,构成复合宾语结构,但这种结构的动词不定式主要是"to be+名词/形容词";有时也可以是其它不定式,.故选:D.
27.D句意:如果我们在日常生活中注意节约一点能量,每个人都可以为保护环境做出贡献.考查动词的固定搭配.句意"如果我们在日常生活中注意节约一点能量,每个人都可以为保护环境做出贡献.".第一个空,pay attention to doing sth注意做某事.to是介词,用动名词.固定搭配.A,C不正确.第二个空,make a contribution to doing为做某事做出贡献.用动名词.B不正确.故选:D.
28.D句意:他们正在考虑的计划需要大幅改进.根据The plan they are considering improving greatly,可知主语是plan,时态为一般现在时,所以动词用三单式.故选:D.
29.B句意:学生们过去常常从报纸或杂志上获取信息,但是现在他们习惯直接从网上搜寻.
根据题意可知考查句型used to do sth过去常常做某事和be used to doing sth习惯于做某事.这是固定搭配.故选:B.
30.A句意:﹣﹣Mark Twin说:"保持健康的唯一方法是吃你不想吃的东西,喝你不喜欢的东西,做你不喜欢的事."﹣﹣Mark Twain在他一生中游览了任何一个地方,他的冒险经历是他作品的素材.可知这里放在形容词性物主代词后面跟名词形式,healthy是形容词,不符合,排除BD;从 His adventure aboard is the material of his works判断前面说的应该是去过任何一个地方.故选:A.
31.A句意:我从不怀疑这些名胜古迹是否值得一游.whether引导由一般疑问句变来的宾语从句,意思是"是否",be worth doing是固定短语,意思是"值得做某事",结合句意"我从不怀疑这些名胜古迹是否值得一游."可知,前空填whether,后空填visiting.故选:A.
32.B句意:﹣这个队解决这个问题有多大的困难?﹣没有.这很容易.队员们是优秀的问题解决者.have difficulty doing sth.做某事有困难,当回答how much多少的时候应该用none,当回答what的时候应该用nothing,结合句意和题干.故选B
33.C 句意:我记得在我离开办公室之前去锁门,但是忘记了去关灯。Locking 动名词形式,锁;locked是过去式形式;to lock动词不定式;lock动词原形,横线前的动词remember意思是记得,remember to do sth 记得去做某事;remember doing sth 记得做过某事,根据句意故选C
34.B 句意:现在森林变得愈来愈少,我们必须阻止人们砍伐太多树木。Keep/prevent sb from doing 意为阻止某人做某事,故本题选择B
35.A句意:当这位母亲看着战场上的来信时,感觉浑身发凉,双手颤抖。本题考查feel后跟不定式作宾语补足语时省略“to”。故本题选择A
36.A句意:我闻到厨房里有什么东西烧焦了。我一分钟后再打电话给你好吗?考查现在分词作宾语补足语。分析句子结构可知something是smell的宾语,而空白处的词是something的补足语。something与“burn燃烧”之间是主动关系。现在分词作宾语补足语,表示主动关系,且与句子的谓语同时发生,且正在进行。故本题选择A
37.A 句意:一个好的故事没有必要非得有个完美的结局,但是一定不要让读者感到不满意。考查固定搭配。leave+宾语十宾语补足语,意为“使……处于某种状态”。形容词、名词、现在分词都可以作宾语补足语。故选A
38.A 句意:—你的英汉词典我能借多久?—只能借一天。borrow和lend是短暂性动词,不能与表示延续性的时间状语连用。borrow借入,lend借出,get得到,均为瞬间动词。若要与一段时间“how long”连用,须用延续性动词,则用keep。故选择A
39.C句意“5月24日,中国国家女子羽毛球队在印度以3:1战胜日本队”。win“赢得”,其后常接比赛的奖品或获得的荣誉;lose“输掉(比赛、战斗、争论等)”;beat“击败,战胜”,后接表示人或团队的名词;miss“错过”。空格后的宾语the Japanese team为表示团体的名词,故本题选C
40.A 句意:当你在夜里听到陌生的声音,或者在角落里发现一只大蜘蛛,会发生什么?这常常使我们跳起来。本题考察make sb do sth,故本题选择A
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