2022-2023学年福建省三明市高二（下）期中英语试卷含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年福建省三明市高二（下）期中英语试卷含解析，共25页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，句子翻译，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年福建省三明市高二（下）期中英语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
第I卷（选择题）

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
Auckland University Online Education — What to Expect

Most Auckland University（AU）online programs are 100 percent online so that students do not come to the school campus.Instead，AU has designed a media-rich，easy-to-use learning environment through a Learning Management System （LMS）.
• Discipline （纪律）
With disciplined work habits，you are likely to succeed as an online student.It is up to you to log on to your course and meet your own deadlines.
• Time Management
In order to earn competitive grades，plan on spending a minimum of 20-25 hours a week on each course.AU courses operate on a seven-week schedule，with start dates in January，March，May，July，September and November.Students are able to complete two courses per semester by taking one seven-week course at a time.
• Professional Connections
Many of the AU faculty（教员）who teach online have connections to industry，so the online learning environment ensures access to diverse expertise and practice.It includes an extensive network of professionals in a variety of industries.
"I work as an IT manager.And right from the very beginning，every class I took was relevant to what I was doing at work.The wide range of courses gave me a strong foundation for my career development."
--Jim Heilman，Computer Information Systems graduate

• Technology
It goes without saying that technology plays a vital role in online learning.You will need a high-speed Internet connection and basic computer skills.For specifics，please click here to visit our Technology page.


1. How long does it take to complete one course？ ______
A. Seven weeks. B. One semester.
C. Several months. D. At least 20-25 hours.
2. What is the purpose of mentioning Jim Heilman？ ______
A. To recognize an excellent graduate.
B. To set a good example to other learners.
C. To prove benefits of professional connections.
D. To show effective methods of online learning.
3. Where is the text probably taken from？ ______
A. A course brochure. B. A college website.
C. An academic magazine. D. An online advertisement.
B
You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But designer Mikhail Belvaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.That's why he created Lampbrella，a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella.
The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. "Once，I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy（伞篷） built into a street lamp." he said.
The Lampbrella is a standard-looking streetlamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors（传感器） then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor，there's also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass streetlamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.
According to the designer，the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed，so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians（行人）.Besides，it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed（安装） at 2 meters off the ground，it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production，Belvaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department，and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.
4. Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works？ ______
A. motor →canopy →sensors. B. motor →sensors →canopy.
C. canopy →motor →sensors. D. sensors →motor →canopy.
5. Why did Mikhail Belvaev create Lampbrella？ ______
A. To protect people from the rain.
B. To predict a heavy rain.
C. To check the weather forecast.
D. To remind people to take an umbrella.
6. What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella？ ______
A. Its installation. B. Its moving speed.
C. Its safety. D. Its appearance.
7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph？ ______
A. The designer will open a company to promote his product.
B. The designer is confident that his creation is practical.
C. The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.
D. The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.
C
ㅤMasks that helped to save lives are proving a deadly danger for wildlife，with birds and sea creatures trapped in the shocking number of thrown-away facial coverings.Single-use masks have been found around pavements，waterways and beaches worldwide.Worn once，the thin protective materials can take hundreds of years to decompose. "Face masks aren't going away any time soon -but when we throw them away，these items can harm the environment and the animals，" Ashley Fruno of animal rights group PETA said.
ㅤIn Britain，a gull was rescued by the RSPCA after its legs became tangled in the straps（带子） of a mask for up to a week.The animal welfare charity took it to a wildlife hospital for treatment before its release.
ㅤThe biggest effect may be in the water.More than 1.5 billion masks made their way into the world's oceans last year，accounting for around 6200 extra tonnes of ocean plastic pollution，according to environmental group Oceans Asia.
ㅤConservationists in Brazil found one mask inside the stomach of a penguin after its body was washed up on a beach，while a dead puffer fish was discovered caught inside another of the coast of Miami.French campaigners found a dead crab trapped in a mask near the Mediterranean.Masks and gloves are "particularly problematic" for sea creatures，says George Leonard，chief scientist from NGO Ocean Conservancy."When those plastics break down in the environment，they then enter the food chain and impact entire ecosystems，"he added.
ㅤThere has been a shift towards greater use of reusable cloth masks as the pandemic（疫情）has worn on，but many are still using the lighter single-use varieties.Campaigners have urged people to bin them properly and cut the straps to reduce the risk of animals becoming trapped.Oceans Asia has also called on governments to increase fines for littering and encourage the use of washable masks.
8. What does the underlined word "decompose" mean？ ______
A. Break down. B. Burn down. C. Turn down. D. Fall down.
9. What can we learn from George Leonard's words？ ______
A. The environmental group saves many animals.
B. Sea wildlife is fond of feeding on face masks.
C. Measures should be taken to protect sea wildlife.
D. Masks thrown around will finally harm humans.
10. How is paragraph 4 developed？ ______
A. By analysing causes. B. By giving examples.
C. By providing explanations. D. By making comparisons.
11. According to the author，how might the mask problems be solved？ ______
A. By washing the reusable cloth masks more frequently.
B. By stopping the public from using the single-use masks.
C. By encouraging the use of reusable masks and increasing fines.
D. By cutting the straps of the masks and reusing them properly.
D
Scientists have found that eating dark chocolate appears to lower the risk of depression by four fold.While 7.6 percent of the 13，000 people surveyed reported depressive symptoms，just 1.5 percent of the chocolate eaters did.The study also found that the people who consumed the most of any chocolate were also 57 percent less likely to report depressive symptoms.
The study is the first to examine the association with depression according to the type of chocolate consumed.The team assessed data from 13，626 adults from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
A range of other factors including height，weight，marital status，education，household income，physical activity，smoking and chronic（慢性的） health problems were also taken into account to ensure the study only measured chocolate's effect on depressive symptoms.
After adjusting for these factors，it was found that individuals who reported eating any dark chocolate in two 24-hour periods had 70 percent lower odds of reporting clinically relevant depressive symptoms in the previous two weeks than those who reported not eating chocolate at all.
Chocolate contains a number of psychoactive ingredients（精神活性成分） which produce a feeling of euphoria（兴奋感） similar to that of cannabinoid（大麻素），found in cannabis.It also contains phenylethylamine（苯基乙胺），which is believed to be important for regulating people's moods.
However British scientists urged caution about the findings，suggesting that the decision to eat dark chocolate could be linked to other health factors.For example people who choose dark chocolate may be more health conscious in general，which is known to protect against depression.
Depressed people are also more likely to crave more sugary fatty foods and so could be less likely to pick a dark alternative when choosing chocolate.
12. What is the aim of the study？ ______
A. To find a cure to depression.
B. To find out the cause of depression.
C. To research on the ingredients of chocolate.
D. To study association between depression and chocolate.
13. What is phenylethylamine？ ______
A. Something that can make people excited.
B. Something that can adjust people's moods.
C. Something that can make people depressed.
D. Something that can make people overweight.
14. What is British scientists' attitude toward the findings？ ______
A. Supportive. B. Negative. C. Doubtful. D. Cautious.
15. What are depressed people more likely to do？ ______
A. Eat sugary fatty foods. B. Have dark chocolates.
C. Exercise outdoors. D. Concern about health.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
People-pleasers want everyone around them to be happy and they will do whatever is asked of them to keep it that way.（1） ______ For some，saying "yes" is a habit；for others，it's almost an addiction that makes them feel like they need to be needed.This makes them feel important and like they're contributing to someone else's life.
（ 2） ______ Not only does it put a lot of pressure and stress on you，but essentially you can make yourself sick from doing too much.In the worst case，you'll wake up and find yourself depressed，because you're on such overload because you possibly can't do it all.
Here's a list of strategies to help you stop being a people-pleaser and finally say "no".
Think about it.
Whenever someone asks you for a favor，it's perfectly OK to say that you'll need time to consider.（3） ______ It is also important to ask the person for details about the commitment.Ask yourself：Do I have the time to do this？How pressured am I going to feel？These questions are key because you need time to think of your must-do list and things you don't want to do.
（4） ______
It's tempting（诱人的）to want to defend your decision to say "no" to someone so they understand your reasoning.But this actually backfires（产生反作用）.As soon as you start explaining，you give the other person lots of room to come back and say， "Oh，you can do that later." "You can adjust your schedule." or "That's not as important as what I'm asking. "
Don't apologize - if it's not your fault.
People-pleasers tend to be serial（连续的）apologists.Pay attention to when you're apologizing and consider if you're really at fault.（5） ______ Usually，the answer is "no".

A.Don't give a list of excuses.
B.Realize you have a choice.
C.Say what you're thinking and what you want.
D.They put everyone else before themselves.
E.Ask yourself if you're responsible for the situation.
F.People-pleasing can have serious risks in fact.
G.This gives you the opportunity to think if you can help.
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
ㅤIf you're feeling that life just can't be any worse for you，it can be challenging to think positive thoughts.When you're stressed，depressed，（1） ______ ，or in a negative state of mind because you feel "bad things"（2） ______ happening to you，it's important to change those（3） ______ thoughts to something positive.If not，you'll only attract more "bad things".
ㅤIt's often very hard to think positive when so many things are negative，but be（4） ______ that someone，somewhere is worse off than you.You can choose to think（5） ______ by beginning with the smallest of steps.
ㅤIf you start one small，positive thing and（6） ______ it during the course of your day，you'll begin to move into a more positive（7） ______ ： positive thoughts，feelings and opportunities.With practice，you will find that over time，you will change your outlook and choose to be（8） ______ ，regardless of the events around you.
ㅤHere are some examples for you to（9） ______ .Begin and end each day with a"Thank you for this wonderful day!" When you see gas prices rising，say "I'm so glad to have a（10） ______ in which to get around."When your boss is too hard on you，say "I am grateful for my job as I know that many don't have one." If you are having health problems，be（11） ______ for what does work："I do appreciate it that my eyes see，my ears hear，my mouth tastes，my legs walk，and my（12） ______ write."Write down whatever you're thankful for each day.In moments when you're feeling really down，read aloud what you（13） ______ beforehand.This will certainly help uplift your spirits.If you practice this（14） ______ ，you will find your list getting longer and longer.
ㅤThe（15） ______ to making it a moment of joyful peace is to move yourself into a positive thought and keep it there long enough.The more you practice，the happier you'll be.
21.  A. upset B. serious C. terrible D. curious
22.  A. avoid B. keep C. prevent D. try
23.  A. relative B. positive C. negative D. sensitive
24.  A. disappointed B. anxious C. interested D. sure
25.  A. stubbornly B. differently C. carelessly D. actively
26.  A. sing B. speak C. catch D. repeat
27.  A. situation B. attention C. ambition D. conclusion
28.  A. depressed B. peaceful C. happy D. confused
29.  A. announce B. make C. follow D. learn
30.  A. wheelchair B. car C. ship D. jetplane
31.  A. beautiful B. grateful C. merciful D. wonderful
32.  A. arms B. legs C. hands D. shoulders
33.  A. recorded B. talked C. heard D. noticed
34.  A. rapidly B. occasionally C. slightly D. regularly
35.  A. design B. key C. project D. chance
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Sun Zhenchu，an 86-year-old man in 2022，who got his driver's license in about a year，has surprised and inspired netizens in China not only because of his age.
The motivation behind Sun Zhenchu's（1） ______ （ take） the driving tests is to care for his wife.Sun's wife didn't go out much after（2） ______ operation.After the policy that people over 70 can apply（3） ______ a driver's license was issued，Sun（4） ______ （ immediate） became an elderly trainee at a local driver training school in Zhejiang Province and managed（5） ______ （pass） the four exams，receiving perfect scores on two of them.After getting his license in March，Sun bought an electric vehicle to take his wife shopping for groceries，to the hospital or sightseeing along the Qiantang River.
（6） ______ astonished people most was Sun's career — he was a specialist in nuclear weapons and made great（7） ______ （ contribute） to the nation.After graduation in 1964，Sun（8） ______ （ select）as one of the researchers to participate in China's first atomic bomb test.After the successful test，he went to Beijing，（9） ______ he continued to conduct research and testing for nuclear weapons for 32 years.He retired in 1995，but he did not stop learning new things.
In a speech he delivered at Zhejiang Gongshang University in late June，he encouraged graduates to keep learning to stand out in a（10） ______ （ compete） and challenging society.
五、句子翻译（本大题共5小题，共5.0分）
37. 这个岛是许多鸟类和海豹的家园。（be home to） ______
38. 他担心的不是你的身体健康而是你的心理健康。（what 引导主语从句；not...but...） ______
39. 这个年轻人很可靠，所以你遇到困难时可以依靠他。（rely on） ______
40. Bathed in the sunshine，we jumped and cheered with joy. ______
41. The scientist decided to find a way to help the children dominated by computer games. ______
六、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共35.0分）
42. 假定你是李华，是某校的高二学生。你发现有些同学每次遇到重要考试，都会出现一些焦虑症状。请你用英语写一封信，向某学生英文报编辑反映该问题并提出建议。
注意：
1）词数80左右；
2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear editor，
I'm a Senior Two student in a high school.I'm writing to tell you about some symptoms of anxiety among us students before exams.

Yours， Li Hua

(1)
(2)
(3)
43. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文.
I was walking down the muddy road one day when my cell phone rang.A child's voice on the other end spoke to me softly， "Dad，please come hack soon.I miss you so much!" Unconsciously，I knew it was a wrong number once again.I don't have a single daughter.I just have a six-year-old son.It is not unusual to receive this kind of calls nowadays，so I replied rudely， "You've dialed the wrong number!" and then hung up in anger.
During the following days，I got the same call now and then.It disturbed me，so I either rejected her or hung up right away rudely.I couldn't help complaining about this， "What an impolite girl!How can she call me up over and over again？" How 1 wished the little girl would stop causing any trouble to me some day!Suddenly，the phone rang up again.It was from the same girl- It seemed that she would not give up until she got an answer.
She constantly called me up.Even if I did not give her an answer，she still dialed my number from time to time.Eventually I unwillingly answered the phone.1 heard the weak voice of that little girl， "Dad，please come back now.I miss you so much!Mom told me this was not a wrong number.It is your cell phone number，right？Dad，I am in so much pain!Mom said you were too busy to take care of me.She is tired out from looking after me.Dad，I know you are busy.If you cannot come home，please kiss me again in the phone，OK？" The innocent request was difficult to reject.I made a loud kiss into the phone and heard a weak voice saying， "Thank you....Dad，I am so...happy，so …happy
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Shortly after this，I became interested in who had been on the other end of my phone.__________
I couldn't wait to ask the woman how her daughter was._________
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】A、C、B
【解析】（1）A．细节理解题。根据• Time Management 介绍部分Students are able to complete two courses per semester by taking one seven-week course at a time.                学生每学期能完成两门课程，每次修一门七周的课程。可知，一门课程需要七个星期完成，学生每学期可以上完两门课程，即完成一门课程需要七个星期，故选A。
（2）C．推理判断题。根据• Professional Connections 介绍部分The wide range of courses gave me a strong foundation for my career development.             广泛的课程为Jim Heilman 的职业发展奠定了坚实的基础。可知，文章提到Jim Heilman 的目的是为了证明与专业人士建立联系的好处，故选C。
（3）B．文章出处题。根据最后一段For specifics ，please click here to visit our Technology page.       （。有关详细信息，请单击此处访问我们的技术学院的页面。可知，文章可能来自一个大学网站，A.A course brochure  课程手册；B.A college website  大学网站；C.An academic magazine  一个专业的杂志；D.An online advertisement  一则网络广告，故选B。
本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要介绍了奥克兰大学的在线教育的优势所在。
阅读题型，要注重句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间逻辑关系以及对篇章的整体理解，根据所给问题选择正确选项完成试题。

4~7.【答案】D、A、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段   The Lampbrella is a standard-looking streetlamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors（传感器） then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.（Lampbrella是一种标准外观的街灯，配有伞状灯罩。它有一个内置的电动马达，可以根据需要打开或关闭雨伞。传感器确保每当下雨时，雨伞能为行人提供庇护。）和第四段 In addition to the rain sensor，there's also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass streetlamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.（除了雨水传感器，玻璃纤维路灯上还有一个360°运动传感器，可以检测是否有人在使用Lampbrella。不使用三分钟后，伞盖关闭。）可知传感器首先确保天气下雨，传递信号给马达，电动马达可按需打开或关闭雨伞。故其工作顺序应该是传感器→马达→伞蓬。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段 "Once，I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy（伞篷） built into a street lamp." he said.（"有一次，我在圣彼得堡市中心的街道上开车，看到路灯照亮了试图躲雨的人们。我认为把天篷做成路灯是合适的。"他说。）可知，Mikhail Belyaev发明雨水感应式路灯伞是为了下雨时让行人避雨。故选A。
（3）段落大意题。根据第五段内容，结合so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians（行人）.Besides，it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.（这样就不会对行人造成伤害。此外，它将被接地以防止可能的雷击）及Being installed（安装） at 2 meters off the ground，it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.（安装在距离地面2米的地方，它只会对最高的行人造成危险）可知，本段主要描述了这种伞的安全性。A．Its installation.它的安装；B．Its moving speed.它的移动速度；C．Its safety.它的安全性；D．Its appearance.它的外观。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Belvaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department，and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.（贝尔瓦耶夫说，他最近向莫斯科的一个部门介绍了他的创作，并坚持认为他的创作可以安装在任何一条有很多人行走但没有遮阳篷提供庇护的街道上。）可知，设计者认为他的发明可以安装在行人多但无遮挡的街道上，由此可知设计者对自己的发明充满信心，认为它很实用。因此B．The designer is confident that his creation is practical.（设计师自信他的创作是实用的。）符合题意。故选B。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Mikhail Belyaev发明的一种路灯，可以让人们即使在下雨天没带雨衣或者雨伞，也不必害怕被淋湿。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

8~11.【答案】A、D、B、C
【解析】（1）词句猜测题。根据划线词上文thethin protective materials can take hundreds of years to（薄的保护材料可能需要几百年的时间）以及后文Face masks aren't going awayany time soon（口罩不会很快消失可知，口罩短期内不会消失，说明这种薄薄的保护材料可能需要几百年才能分解。故划线词意思是"分解"。A.Break down.分解；B.Burn down.烧毁；C.Turn down.调低；D.Fall down.摔倒。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Masksand gloves are "particularly problematic" for sea creatures，says GeorgeLeonard，chief scientist from NGO Ocean Conservancy. "When those plastics breakdown in the environment，they then enter the food chain and impact the entireecosystems，" he added.（非政府组织海洋保护协会的首席科学家George Leonard说，口罩和手套对海洋生物来说"尤其成问题"。他补充说："当这些塑料在环境中分解时，它们就会进入食物链，并影响整个生态系统。"）可知，到处乱扔的口罩最终对人体有害。故选D。
（3）论证方法题。根据第四段Conservationists in Brazil found one mask inside the stomach of a penguin after its body was washed up on a beach，while a dead puffer fish was discovered caught inside another of the coast of Miami.（巴西的环保主义者在一只企鹅的尸体被冲上海滩后，在它的肚子里发现了一个面具，而在迈阿密的另一个海岸发现了一条死亡的河豚。）可知第4段是通过举例说明来展开的。A.By analysing causes.通过分析原因；B.By giving examples.通过举例说明；C.By providing explanations.通过提供解释；D.By making comparisons.通过比较。故选B。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段OceansAsia has also called on governments to increase fines for littering andencourage the use of washable masks.（海洋亚洲组织还呼吁各国政府提高对乱丢垃圾的罚款，并鼓励人们使用可清洗的口罩）可知，鼓励使用可重复使用的口罩并增加罚款可以解决口罩问题。故选C。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了曾经帮助拯救生命的口罩，现在被证明对野生动物是致命的危险，鸟类和海洋生物被困在数量惊人的丢弃的面部覆盖物中。列举了一些口罩对野生动物造成威胁的例子和对此问题的解决措施。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

12~15.【答案】D、B、D、A
【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句"The study is the first to examine the association with depression according to the type of chocolate consumed."这项研究是第一次根据巧克力的消费类型来研究与抑郁症的关系.可知，其目的是研究抑郁和食用巧克力之间的关系。所以选D。
（2）B .细节理解题。根据第五段的最后一句"which is believed to be important for regulating people's moods"这被认为对调节人们的情绪很重要.可知，苯基乙胺是调节人们情绪的东西。所以选B。
（3）D.推理判断题。根据第六段的第一句"However British scientists urged caution about the findings，suggesting that the decision to eat dark chocolate could be linked to other health factors."然而，英国科学家敦促人们谨慎对待这一发现，认为吃黑巧克力的决定可能与其他健康因素有关。可知，英国科学家对研究的发现持谨慎的态度。A.Supportive.支持的；B.Negative.消极的；C.Doubtful.怀疑的；D.Cautious谨慎的。所以选D。
（4）A.细节理解题。根据最后一段"Depressed people are also more likely to crave more sugary fatty foods and so could be less likely to pick a dark alternative when choosing chocolate."抑郁的人也更可能渴望更多含糖高脂肪的食物，因此在选择巧克力时不太可能选择深色的替代品。可知，抑郁的人也更有可能想吃更多的高糖高脂食物，A.Eat sugary fatty foods.吃含糖高脂肪的食物；B.Have dark chocolates.吃黑巧克力；C.Exercise outdoors.户外运动；D.Concern about health.关心健康。故选A项。
本文介绍了最新的一项研究，这项研究是第一次根据巧克力的消费类型来研究与抑郁症的关系。告诉我们食用黑巧克力可以降低患抑郁症的风险。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

16~20.【答案】D、F、G、A、E
【解析】（1）D.推理判断题。根据空格上一句"People-pleasers want everyone around them to be happy and they will do whatever is asked of them to keep it that way.取悦他人的人希望周围的人都快乐，他们会做任何要求他们做的事来保持快乐。"可知D项他们把别人放在自己前面。承接上文符合语境。故选D．
（2）F.段落归纳题。根据本段"Not only does it put a lot of pressure and stress on you，but essentially you can make yourself sick from doing too much.它不仅给你带来了很大的压力，而且从本质上说，你做得太多会让自己生病。"可知F项事实上，人们会有严重的风险。概括了本段大意。故选F．
（3）G.细节理解题。根据空格上一句"Whenever someone asks you for a favor，it's perfectly OK to say that you'll need time to consider.每当有人请你帮忙时，说你需要时间考虑是完全可以的。"可知G项这给了你机会去想你能帮上什么忙承接上下文符合语境。故选G．
（4）A.段落归纳题。根据本段But this actually backfires.As soon as you start explaining，you give the other person lots of room to come back and say， "Oh，you can do that later，" "You can adjust your schedule.但这实际上适得其反。一旦你开始解释，你就给对方很大的空间，让他回来说，"哦，你可以稍后再做"可知A项不要列举借口。概括了本段大意。故选A．
（5）E.推理判断题。根据空格上一句"People-pleasers tend to be serial apologists.Pay attention to when you're apologizing and consider if you're really at fault.讨人喜欢的人往往是连环道歉者。当你道歉的时候要注意，并考虑你是否真的有错。"可知E项问问自己，你是否对这种情况负责。承接上下文符合语境。故选E．
本文是一篇七选五选句填空，主要讲的是取悦他人的人希望周围的人都快乐，他们会做任何要求他们做的事来保持快乐。但是这也给他们带来了压力和伤害。本文向这类人提出了几条策略，告诉他们应该学会说"不"。
考查七选五选句填空。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合前后语句及选项做出正确的选择。

21~35.【答案】A、B、C、D、B、D、A、C、C、B、B、C、A、D、B
【解析】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A.upset心烦意乱的；B.serious严肃的；C.terrible可怕的；D.curious好奇的。句意：当你感到压力、沮丧、心烦意乱，或者因为你觉得"坏事"总是发生在你身上而处于消极的精神状态时，把这些消极的想法转变为积极的东西是很重要的。根据上文stressed，depressed可知，空处列举的是负面的情绪，故选A。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.avoid避免；B.keep保持；C.prevent阻止；D.try尝试。句意：当你感到压力、沮丧、心烦意乱，或者因为你觉得"坏事"总是发生在你身上而处于消极的精神状态时，把这些消极的想法转变为积极的东西是很重要的。根据句意可知，此处指"坏事不断发生在我们身上"，keep doing表示不间断地做某事。故选B。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.relative相对的；B.positive积极的；C.negative负面的；D.sensitive敏感的。句意：当你感到压力、沮丧、心烦意乱，或者因为你觉得"坏事"总是发生在你身上而处于消极的精神状态时，把这些消极的想法转变为积极的东西是很重要的。根据上文in a negative state of mind可知，此处指"消极的想法"，negative原词重现。故选C。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.disappointed失望的；B.anxious焦虑的；C.interested感兴趣的；D.sure确定的。句意：当很多事情都是消极的时候，很难去想积极的事情，但是要确定在某个地方有人比你过得更糟。根据句意可知，空处意为"确定的"，故选D。
（5）考查副词及语境理解。A.stubbornly固执地；B.differently以不同的方式；C.carelessly粗心地；D.actively积极地。句意：你可以选择从最小的步骤开始，以不同的方式思考。根据语境，从正面思考，我们面临的事情是糟糕的，所以需要换个角度思考，故选B。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.sing唱歌；B.speak说话；C.catch抓住；D.repeat重复。句意：如果你从一件积极的小事开始，并在一天中不断重复，你将开始进入一个更积极的局面：积极的想法、感觉和机会。根据句意可知，此处意为"不断地重复做这件小事"，故选D。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.situation形势，局面；B.attention注意，注意力；C.ambition理想，梦想；D.conclusion结论。句意：如果你从一件积极的小事开始，并在一天中不断重复，你将开始进入一个更积极的局面：积极的想法、感觉和机会。根据下文positive thoughts，feelings and opportunities可知，你将开始进入一个更积极的局面。故选A。
（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.depressed沮丧的；B.peaceful和平的，安宁的；C.happy快乐的；D.confused困惑的。句意：通过练习，你会改变你的看法，选择快乐，不管你周围的事情。根据语境，此时你的局面已经变得积极，自然心情就会快乐。happy与上文中的positive对应。故选C。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.announce宣布；B.make制造；C.follow跟随；D.learn学习。句意：这里有一些例子供你参考。根据下文Begin and end each day with a"Thank you for this wonderful day!" When you see gas prices rising，say "I'm so glad to have a（10）in which to get around."When your boss is too hard on you，say "I am grateful for my job as I know that many don't have one." 可知，此处意为"举例子"。follow some examples举一些例子，固定搭配。故选C。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.wheelchair轮椅；B.car汽车；C.ship轮船；D.jetplane喷射式飞机。句意：当你看到汽油价格上涨时，说"我很高兴有一辆车可以到处走。"根据上文When you see gas prices rising可知，此处指的是"乘坐汽车"。故选B。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.beautiful美丽的；B.grateful感激的；C.merciful仁慈的；D.wonderful极好的，精彩的。句意：如果你的健康出了问题，要感激那些有用的东西："我很感激我的眼睛能看，我的耳朵能听，我的嘴能尝，我的腿能走，我的手还能写字。"根据句意可知，空处意为"感激的"。grateful与下文的appreciate对应。故选B。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.arms胳膊；B.legs腿；C.hands手；D.shoulders胳膊。句意：如果你的健康出了问题，要感激那些有用的东西："我很感激我的眼睛能看，我的耳朵能听，我的嘴能尝，我的腿能走，我的手还能写字。"根据下文write可知，此处指用手写字。故选C。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.recorded记录；B.talked谈论；C.heard听见；D.noticed注意。句意：你情绪低落时，大声朗读你事先记录的内容。根据上文read aloud可知，只有记录的东西可读。故选A。
（14）考查副词及语境理解。A.rapidly快速地；B.occasionally偶然地；C.slightly稍微地；D.regularly定期地，有规律地。句意：如果你定期练习，你会发现你的清单会越来越长。由上文可知，作者给了一些步骤去振奋自己的精神，按照作者给的步骤去做，也就是有规律地去练习，故选D。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.design设计；B.key关键；C.project项目；D.chance机会。句意：让它成为快乐平和时刻的关键是让自己进入积极的思想，并保持足够长的时间。the key to表示"……的关键"，固定搭配，符合句意。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对当人们处于消极的精神状态时的建议。
做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。

36.【答案】taking
【解析】（1）考查动名词。句意：孙振初参加驾驶考试的动机是为了照顾他的妻子。作Sun Zhenchu's的中心词，用take的动名词，故填：taking。
（2）考查不定冠词。句意：孙振初的妻子在一次手术后就很少出门。修饰名词operation（以元音音素开头），用不定冠词an，故填：an。
（3）考查动词短语。句意：在70岁以上的人可以申请驾照的政策颁布后，孙立即成为浙江省当地一所驾驶培训学校的一名老年实习生，并成功通过了四次考试，其中两次获得了满分。表示"申请"，用动词短语apply for，故填：for。
（4）考查副词。句意：在70岁以上的人可以申请驾照的政策颁布后，孙立即成为浙江省当地一所驾驶培训学校的一名老年实习生，并成功通过了四次考试，其中两次获得了满分。修饰动词became，用形容词immediate的副词形式，故填：immediately。
（5）考查动词不定式。句意：在70岁以上的人可以申请驾照的政策颁布后，孙立即成为浙江省当地一所驾驶培训学校的一名老年实习生，并成功通过了四次考试，其中两次获得了满分。作managed的宾语，用pass的动词不定式形式，故填：to pass。
（6）考查名词性从句。句意：最让人惊讶的是孙的职业---他是一名核武器专家，为国家做出了巨大贡献。引导主语从句astonished people most，作从句的主语，用what，首字母大写，故填：What。
（7）考查可数名词复数。句意：最让人惊讶的是孙的职业---他是一名核武器专家，为国家做出了巨大贡献。作made的宾语，用contribute的名词contribution，这里没有冠词，所以用名词复数，故填：contributions。
（8）考查一般过去时的被动。句意：1964年毕业后，孙被选为参加中国第一次原子弹试验的研究人员之一。前后时态一致，用一般过去时；主语Sun和谓语动词select构成被动关系，所以谓语动词用was selected，故填：was selected。
（9）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：试验成功后，他前往北京，在那里他继续进行了32年的研究核武器试验。修饰先行词Beijing，作非限制性定语从句he continued to conduct research and testing for nuclear weapons for 32 years的地点状语，关系词用where，故填：where。
（10）考查形容词。句意：6月下旬，他在浙江工商大学发表演讲，鼓励毕业生继续学习，在竞争激烈、充满挑战的社会中脱颖而出。和形容词challenging并列，用compete的形容词competitive，故填：competitive。
这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了孙振初---一名在86岁拿到了驾照的核武器专家。
语法填空的解题方法
1.有提示词填空的解题技巧
①给出的提示词是名词：要考虑是否填名词的复数形式以及该名词的形容词、副词形式。
②给出的提示词是动词：要认真分析句子的结构，理解句子的意思。
③给出的提示词是形容词：一般要考虑其副词形式以及比较级和最高级形式，同时还要关注是否要加表示否定或其它意义的前缀、后缀。
2.无提示词填空的解题技巧
按照考纲要求，无提示填空最多填3个单词，一般是填1个单词的，高考中考查的角度主要有：
①代词：这类设空比较少，通常是根据句子意思填一个与语境相关的代词（通常是指示代词），这就要同学们认真体会句子意思了，在没有头绪时大胆猜想是否是填代词。
②冠词：如果设空处后面是名词，那么可以考虑是否要填冠词，再根据句子意思分析是特指还是泛指，并填上合适的冠词，当然，在一些固定搭配中也会涉及冠词，这就要同学们做好积累。

37.【答案】This island is home to many birds and seals.
【解析】根据句意可知，本句内容是一般性事实所以时态为一般现在时；这个岛This island是主语，句首单词的首字母要大写；be home to..."是……的家园，是……的所在地"，为固定搭配，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is；许多鸟类和海豹many birds and seals。
故填：This island is home to many birds and seals.
这个岛是许多鸟类和海豹的家园。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。

38.【答案】What he worries about is not your physical health but your mental health.
【解析】根据句意可知时态是一般现在时，且句子为主系表结构；主语是"他担心的"，worry about"担心"，为动词短语，应用主语从句what he worries about表达，引导词what在从句中作宾语，注意主谓一致，句首单词的首字母要大写；主语从句作主语时当单数看待，所以系动词用is；not...but..."不是……而是……"，为固定搭配，身体健康physical health，心理健康mental health。
故填：What he worries about is not your physical health but your mental health.
他担心的不是你的身体健康而是你的心理健康。
进行英译汉时，要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异以及一些特殊表达，准确理解句意，将英语的长句分解，准确翻译成汉语。

39.【答案】The young man is reliable so you can rely on him when you get into trouble.
【解析】根据句意本句是一般性事实，时态是一般现在时；这个年轻人很可靠The young man is reliable，句首单词的首字母要大写；所以so，用并列连词连接句子；你遇到困难时when you get into trouble为时间状语从句；rely on"依赖，依靠"，为动词短语，你可以依靠他you can rely on him。
故填：The young man is reliable so you can rely on him when you get into trouble.
这个年轻人很可靠，所以你遇到困难时可以依靠他。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。

40.【答案】沐浴在阳光之下，我们开心地又跳又喊。
【解析】Bathed in the sunshine译为"沐浴在阳光之下"，为过去分词作状语；we jumped and cheered译为"我们又跳又喊"；with joy译为"开心地"，为介词短语。
故填：沐浴在阳光之下，我们开心地又跳又喊。
沐浴在阳光之下，我们开心地又跳又喊。
进行英译汉时，要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异以及一些特殊表达，准确理解句意，将英语的长句分解，准确翻译成汉语。

41.【答案】这位科学家决定找到一个办法来帮助这些被电脑游戏控制的孩子。
【解析】The scientist decided to find a way to译为"这位科学家决定找到一个办法"，help the children译为"帮助这些孩子"，dominated by computer games译为"被电脑游戏控制的"，为过去分词作后置定语修饰名词children。
故填：这位科学家决定找到一个办法来帮助这些被电脑游戏控制的孩子。
这位科学家决定找到一个办法来帮助这些被电脑游戏控制的孩子。
进行英译汉时，要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异以及一些特殊表达，准确理解句意，将英语的长句分解，准确翻译成汉语。

42.【答案】【小题1】Dear editor，
I'm a Senior Two student in a high school.I'm writing to tell you about some symptoms of anxiety among us students before exams.Some students feel nervous whenever we're taking an important exam.【高分句型一】Some will suffer from lack of sleep，and some will lose their appetite.All these symptoms have terrible effects on our exams.（学生考试出现的焦虑情况）
In order to get rid of them，first，we should have a right attitude towards exams.Second，making careful plans for every exam is helpful.【高分句型二】What's more，we should not stay up too late during the period of exams，because enough sleep can make us energetic.Finally，we can also try a warm bath or a cup of warm milk before going to bed，helping us to have a sound sleep.（提出的建议）

Yours， Li Hua
【小题2】略
【小题3】略
【解析】高分句型一：Some students feel nervous whenever we're taking an important exam.
分析：本句话使用了whenever引导的让步状语从句。
翻译：每当我们参加重要的考试时，有些学生就会感到紧张。
高分句型二：Second，making careful plans for every exam is helpful.
分析：本句话使用了动名词短语making careful plans for every exam作主语。
翻译：第二，为每次考试做仔细的计划是有帮助的。
考查书面表达。写作时，在体裁明确、中心突出、要点清晰的前提下，应该选择自己最熟悉、最有把握的词语、句型，将要点逐条表达出来。表达时应该综合运用所掌握的知识，避开生僻的词汇，并克服母语的干扰，按照英语的习惯方式，用地道的英语表达出来，力求做到语言准确无误。

43.【答案】Shortly after this，I became interested in who had been on the other end of my phone.When I called the number back，a woman answered， "Sorry，sir.I am really sorry to bother you.I did want to call to apologize.From the woman，I learnt that the girl had bone cancer when she was born，and unfortunately her father died in an accident weeks ago.The little girl suffered from unbearable treatment every day.Feeling painful，she would cry for her dad who had always encouraged her，so her mother gave her a random number.【高分句型一】（作者回拨电话，女孩妈妈详细描述女孩之所以不停打电话找爸爸的具体原因。）
I couldn't wait to ask the woman how her daughter was.The woman thought for a while，saying sadly， "She has gone.You must have kissed her on the phone，and she went with a smile as she tightly held the cellphone with which she could hear her voice..." On hearing this，I couldn't keep back my sad feeling，tears streaming down my cheeks.【高分句型二】I didn't know what to say，so I slowly hang up my phone，praying for her happiness and health in heaven.（女孩现在的情况以及作者得知实情后的表现。）
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者接到的一通陌生电话的故事。
高分句型一：Feeling painful，she would cry for her dad who had always encouraged her，so her mother gave her a random number.
翻译：她感到很痛苦，会为一直鼓励她的父亲哭泣，所以母亲给了她一个随机号码。
分析：本句使用了现在分词Feeling painful做状语。
高分句型二：On hearing this，I couldn't keep back my sad feeling，tears streaming down my cheeks.
翻译：听到这件事，我忍不住伤心，眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。
分析：本句使用了独立主格结构。
解题方法点拨
 （1）品读原文，确定文章线索
       每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
       （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
       一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
       （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
       根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
       （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
       在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。