2023年高考英语考场仿真演练卷（北京卷）(原卷+解析+答题卡+无听力)

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2023年高考英语考场仿真演练卷
（北京卷）
（解析版）

第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As the foreign English teacher at my school, I have a weekly English music broadcast where I showcase different English songs. I try to get the students to recommend songs to me for the broadcast. At the broadcast, I usually announce who recommended the song and then____1____  it for everyone to hear during lunch time. I offer everyone an opportunity to share themselves through their music, including one____2____student of mine.
This student____3____gets into fights with the other students, doesn’t study, and brings down the energy of the class. Most of the other teachers and students push him away. I knew though that he just needed a friend, or at least someone he could____4____with.
I could tell he was warming up to me over the last year. I told him to____5____a song he likes that has some English words in it and I would play it on the broadcast for him. He eventually recommended a song. I actually really liked the song so I put it on the broadcast and made sure to announce his name, so everyone knew that he____6____and recommended such a great song.
Needless to say, the boy was____7____, and he’s been much happier and focused in English class ever since. While everyone else misunderstood him and pushed him away, I saw him right through and knew that he just needed someone who____8____him.
There’s still a language____9____between us, but words aren’t needed, because you can always sense where you’re at with someone. He recently walked by me and gave me the most genuine smile that I’d ever seen. My coworker turned to me and said “I’ve never seen him smile like that before. How did you get through to him?” “I gave him a____10____,”I said, “through just one song.”
1．A．accept B．play C．choose D．change
2．A．absent B．anxious C．tough D．quiet
3．A．constantly B．finally C．carefully D．obviously
4．A．cooperate B．agree C．argue D．connect
5．A．think of B．listen to C．talk about D．hand out
6．A．gathered B．contributed C．remembered D．wrote
7．A．interested B．confused C．astonished D．excited
8．A．acknowledged B．persuaded
C．entertained D．impressed
9．A．trap B．boundary C．barrier D．disorder
10．A．word B．chance C．gift D．game
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过播放一个调皮男孩推荐的歌曲，给了一个承认他的机会，男孩也因此在英语课上变得更快乐、更专注了。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在广播中，我通常会宣布是谁推荐了这首歌，然后在午餐时间播放给大家听。A. accept接受；B. play播放；C. choose选择；D. change改变。后文“it for everyone to hear during lunch time”中it指代歌曲，故指播放歌曲，应用动词play。故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我为每个人提供了一个通过音乐来分享自己的机会，包括我的一个棘手的学生。A. absent缺席的；B. anxious焦急的；C. tough艰难的，棘手的；D. quiet安静的。根据后文“gets into fights with the other students, doesn’t study, and brings down the energy of the class”可知这个学生不听话，很棘手。故选C。
3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个学生经常和其他学生打架，不学习，使班级的活力下降。A. constantly持续地；B. finally最后；C. carefully仔细地；D. obviously显然。根据后文“gets into fights with the other students, doesn’t study, and brings down the energy of the class”指这个学生经常和其他学生打架，不学习，使班级的活力下降。故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过我知道他只是需要一个朋友，或者至少是一个他可以交流的人。A. cooperate合作；B. agree同意；C. argue争论；D. connect连接。根据上文“I knew though that he just needed a friend, or at least someone he could”可知，男孩需要一个朋友，一个可以联系交流的人。故选D。
5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我告诉他想一首他喜欢的歌，里面有一些英语单词，我会在广播里放给他听。A. think of想起；B. listen to听；C. talk about谈论；D. hand out分发。根据后文“a song he likes that has some English words in it”指作者让男生想一起喜欢的歌。故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真的很喜欢这首歌，所以我把它放在广播中，并确保宣布他的名字，所以每个人都知道，他贡献和推荐这样一首好歌曲。A. gathered聚集；B. contributed贡献；C. remembered记得；D. wrote写。根据后文“and recommended such a great song”指男生贡献和推荐这样一首好歌曲。故选B。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不用说，男孩很兴奋，从那以后，他在英语课上变得更快乐、更专注了。A. interested感兴趣的；B. confused困惑的；C. astonished吃惊的；D. excited激动的。根据后文“and he’s been much happier and focused in English class ever since”可知，作者的做法让男孩很激动，因此从那以后，他在英语课上变得更快乐、更专注了。故选D。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当每个人都误解他，把他推开的时候，我看透了他，知道他只是需要一个承认他的人。A. acknowledged承认；B. persuaded说服；C. entertained娱乐；D. impressed使印象深刻。根据上文“I saw him right through and knew that he just needed someone who”可知，当每个人都误解他，把他推开的时候，作者看透了他，知道他只是需要一个承认他的人。故选A。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们之间仍然有语言障碍，但不需要言语，因为你总能感觉到你和某人在哪里。A. trap陷阱；B. boundary边界；C. barrier障碍；D. disorder混乱。根据后文“but words aren’t needed”可知，but表示转折，说明仍然存在语言障碍，但不需要言语。故选C。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我给了他一个机会，”我说，“只是通过一首歌。”A. word单词；B. chance机会；C. gift礼物；D. game游戏。呼应第一段中“I offer everyone an opportunity to share themselves(我给每个人一个分享自己的机会)”指给了男孩一个机会。故选B。

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It was a warm and sunny morning at the Central Park Zoo. Abigail and her classmates were buzzing with excitement ____11____ their school bus entered the zoo parking lot. Today, Abigail’s class was going on a field trip to the zoo to learn more about the animals and their ____12____ (nature) habitats. To make sure no one got lost in the zoo, each student had a buddy. Abigail’s buddy ____13____ (name) Derrick. Derrick loved animals and was excited to go to the zoo. But sometimes, Derrick did not follow the rules and got in trouble. Abigail hoped that today, Derrick ____14____ (follow) the rules to avoid getting into trouble.
【答案】11．as/when 12．natural 13．was named 14．would follow
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。描述了阿比盖尔和她的同学们去动物园进行实地考察前的激动心情。
11．考查时间状语从句。句意：当校车驶进动物园停车场时，阿比盖尔和她的同学们兴奋得嗡嗡作响。分析句子可知，空格处应填入连词。根据句意可知，此处表示“当校车驶进动物园停车场时”，故用as或when引导时间状语从句。故填as或when。
12．考查形容词。句意：今天，阿比盖尔的班级要去动物园进行实地考察，以了解更多有关动物及其自然栖息地的信息。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语修饰habitats。nature的形容词为natural，故填natural。
13．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：阿比盖尔的伙伴名叫德里克。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。本文讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。又因Abigail’s buddy与name构成被动关系，故用被动语态。故填was named。
14．考查动词的时态。句意：阿比盖尔希望德里克今天能遵守规则，避免陷入麻烦。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据主句的谓语动词hoped可知，此处表示阿比盖尔的愿望，应用过去将来时。故填would follow。

B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports help to keep people healthy, happy and help them to live ____15____ (long). Sports change with the season. People play different games in winter and summer. Games and sports often grow out of people’s work and everyday ____16____ (activity). The Arabs use horses or camels in much of their everyday life; they use them in their sports, too. Some sports are so interesting ____17____ people everywhere go in for them. Football, for example, has spread around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers.
【答案】15．longer 16．activities 17．that
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全世界的人都喜欢运动。
15．考查比较级。句意：运动帮助人们保持健康，快乐，并帮助他们活得更长。根据句意和常识可知，运动可以让人们活得更长，所以用副词的比较级形式。故填longer。
16．考查名词的数。句意：游戏和体育运动往往产生于人们的工作和日常活动。名词activity为可数名词，日常活动有多种多样，所以用复数形式。故填activities。
17．考查状语从句。句意：有些运动很有趣，各地的人都喜欢。so…that…如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句。故填that。

C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A panda-themed coffee shop at the Beijing Zoo ____18____ (become) popular among visitors since its opening on February 1st. Visitors can enjoy a cup of coffee ____19____ taking photos with statues of China’s national treasure, the giant panda. The images of the cute animal can be seen all over the coffee shop. Panda Post is welcomed by panda fans at the Chengdu Panda Base too, ____20____ people can purchase panda-themed items ranging from stamps, postcards, refrigerator magnets, envelopes, toys to other souvenirs.
【答案】18．has become
19．while/after 20．where
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了北京动物园一家以熊猫为主题的咖啡馆自2月1日开业以来，受到了游客们的欢迎以及其原因。
18．考查时态。句意：北京动物园一家以熊猫为主题的咖啡馆自2月1日开业以来，一直深受游客欢迎。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语“since its opening on February 1st”可知，句子用现在完成时态，主语为单数，所以要用has become。故填has become。
19．考查连词。句意：游客可以一边喝咖啡，一边与中国国宝大熊猫的雕像合影留念。分析语境可知，空处需要while“与…同时”引导时间状语从句，当时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略从句中的主语加be动词，全句为“Visitors can enjoy a cup of coffee while they are taking photos with statues of China’s national treasure, the giant panda.”，所以省略主语they和are。或者表示行为发生的先后顺序，使用after表示与国宝大熊猫的雕像合影留念之后，可喝咖啡。故填while/after。
20．考查定语从句。句意：在成都熊猫基地，熊猫邮报也受到熊猫爱好者的欢迎，人们可以在那里购买熊猫主题的物品，从邮票、明信片、冰箱磁铁、信封、玩具到其他纪念品。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the Chengdu Panda Base，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。

第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Experience College at Harvard
Challenge yourself in college-level academics. Meet new friends from around the world. Strengthen your college application. And, build important life skills that can make your future college experience a success.
Pre-College Program
An intense and exciting glimpse into the college experience. During this intensive two-week program, you will take the first steps toward your college journey alongside a diverse group of exceptional high school students.
• Challenge yourself in a college course taught by Harvard faculty and affiliates, without the pressure of grades.
• Engage with your peers in structured co-curricular activities, college readiness workshops, and social events.
• Two weeks, non-credit
Secondary School Program
Immerse yourself in college life for seven weeks! In this dynamic seven-week program, you can earn college credit while experiencing firsthand what it’s really like to be a college student.
• Choose one or two college-level classes that delve deeply into subjects that really excite you and may not be offered in high school.
• Prepare for the future as you experience what it’s really like to balance responsibility with independence in one of three program formats – online, commuting, or residential.
• Seven weeks, college credit
Application is now open for both high school programs! See program calendars for important dates and deadlines.
To get our updates, join our mailing list for helpful information and important deadlines. Start your education journey today!
21．What can we learn about the two programs?
A．All the learning activities take place online.
B．They are required procedures for college application.
C．They challenge the students with college-level courses.
D．Students can earn college credits after learning the two programs.
22．According to this passage, applicants can ________.
A．start to apply for both programs now
B．pay for the program calendars from today
C．apply for the programs throughout the year
D．download a mailing list to get helpful updates
23．What is the purpose of this passage?
A．To raise money for Harvard Summer Programs.
B．To show the diverse courses in Harvard University.
C．To share the college learning experience with readers.
D．To introduce Harvard Summer Programs for high school students.

【答案】21．C 22．A 23．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了哈佛体验学院的两个项目的详细信息
21．细节理解题。根据Pre-College Program中的“• Challenge yourself in a college course taught by Harvard faculty and affiliates, without the pressure of grades. (•在哈佛大学教授的课程中挑战自己，没有分数的压力。)”和Secondary School Program中的“• Choose one or two college-level classes that delve deeply into subjects that really excite you and may not be offered in high school. (•选择一到两门大学水平的课程，深入研究那些真正让你兴奋的、高中可能不会提供的科目。)”可知，这两个项目都用大学水平的课程挑战学生。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Application is now open for both high school programs! (现在两所高中的项目申请都开放了。)”可知，申请人可以现在开始申请两个项目。故选A。
23．推理判断题。阅读全文以及标题Experience College at Harvard (哈佛体验学院)和第一段Challenge yourself in college-level academics. Meet new friends from around the world. Strengthen your college application. And, build important life skills that can make your future college experience a success.(在大学水平的学术中挑战自己。认识来自世界各地的新朋友。加强你的大学申请。此外,培养重要的生活技能,使你未来的大学生活获得成功。)可知本文主要介绍了哈佛体验学院的两个项目的详细信息,可推断，本文的目的是为高中学生介绍哈佛暑期项目。故选D。


B
No trees are seemingly cut down every time you search something or read a social media post on your phone or laptop. But websites alone do create emissions (排放)—internet usage is responsible for almost four percent of global emissions. That might not seem like a lot, but it is equivalent to about the same emissions caused by global air travel. That percentage is predicted to almost double by 2025 according to a post by Brussels-based energy magazine Energuide. And internet usage is on the rise—as the pandemic pushed many jobs and education online, internet usage went up as high as 40 percent.
The emissions caused by websites come from the hosting company that ensures that websites are up and running when users search for them on their server. By working with an environmentally sound server like Green Geeks, A2 Hosting, and Host Papa that focuses on renewable energy or lowering their energy usage, websites become more sustainable, Wired UK reported. Something as simple as using fewer images on a web page also helps lower emissions. Another way to reduce emissions is to have simply designed websites with little to no moving images like gifts.
Another aspect of creating more sustainable websites means raising awareness, or letting servers or customers in need of new web design know that it’s even an option for them. Some major search engines like Google have promised to reduce their tech centers’ water usage and to rely on more sustainable energy to run their search engines and other online products like Gmail and Google Docs.
Baruch Labunski, CEO of Toronto-based SEO company Rank Secure, explains that when many clients work with the company to have their websites designed, they don’t often think about sustainability. Companies like Rank Secure make a point to have sustainability as part of their process when working with businesses who want help with web design by relying on more sustainable data centers.
Of course, lowering the greenhouse gas footprint of your website is just the start of building up a sustainable company. Just relying on some renewable energy to have an eco-friendly website doesn’t make a company automatically eco-friendly.
“We need to think about the overall impact of our businesses.” says Labunksi. “If your business manufactures or even uses single-use plastics, then your website’s carbon footprint shouldn’t be your primary concern.”
24．To create more sustainable websites, the hosting company should_________.
A．meet the data needs
B．design new websites with more gifs
C．work with an eco-friendly server
D．improve the education online
25．What can we learn from paragraph 3 and 4?
A．The clients should raise awareness and consider sustainability.
B．Rank Secure has no sustainable awareness when working with business.
C．Creating more sustainable websites can provide the only option for clients.
D．All major search engines promised to reduce their tech center water usage.
26．The passage is written to__________.
A．evaluate the methods to reduce emissions
B．inform readers the harm of overusing websites
C．encourage search engines to lower the energy usage
D．call for building up sustainable companies of emission reduction
【答案】24．C 25．A 26．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍网站会造成排放，并且网站设计者很少考虑网站的可持续性。作者呼吁创建可持续的网站，以减少排放。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段“By working with an environmentally sound server like Green Geeks, A2 Hosting, and Host Papa that focuses on renewable energy or lowering their energy usage, websites become more sustainable, Wired UK reported. (据Wired UK报道，通过与Green Geeks，A2 Hosting和Host Papa等环保服务器合作，专注于可再生能源或降低能源使用，网站变得更加可持续。)”可知，主办公司与环保服务器合作可以创造更多的可再生能源。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段“Another aspect of creating more sustainable websites means raising awareness, or letting servers or customers in need of new web design know that it’s even an option for them. (创建更具可持续性的网站的另一个方面意味着提高意识，或者让需要新网页设计的服务器或客户知道这甚至是他们的一种选择。)”及第四段“Baruch Labunski, CEO of Toronto-based SEO company Rank Secure, explains that when many clients work with the company to have their websites designed, they don’t often think about sustainability. (总部位于多伦多的SEO 等级安全公司的首席执行官Baruch Labunski解释说，当许多客户与该公司合作设计他们的网站时，他们通常不会考虑可持续性。)”可知，我们可以从第三段和第四段了解到：客户应该提高意识，考虑网站的可持续性。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据第一段“But websites alone do create emissions (排放)—internet usage is responsible for almost four percent of global emissions. (但仅网站就确实会产生排放——互联网使用占全球排放量的近百分之四。)”及第二段“By working with an environmentally sound server like Green Geeks, A2 Hosting, and Host Papa that focuses on renewable energy or lowering their energy usage, websites become more sustainable, Wired UK reported. Something as simple as using fewer images on a web page also helps lower emissions. Another way to reduce emissions is to have simply designed websites with little to no moving images like gifs. (据Wired UK报道，通过与Green Geeks，A2 Hosting和Host Papa等环保服务器合作，专注于可再生能源或降低能源使用，网站变得更加可持续。像在网页上使用较少的图像这样简单的事情也有助于降低排放。减少排放的另一种方法是简单地设计网站，几乎没有像GIF等动态图像。)”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了说明网站的排放，并呼吁建立可持续的减排公司，故选D。

C
I still remember how a pet mouse was popular among my classmates in Broadbeach State School. One day, my friends and I decided to buy a pet mouse. The pet shopkeeper wouldn’t sell us one until he got our parents’ letter that could show their permission for us to get a pet. So, having the neatest handwriting, I faked one. The store owner quickly saw through my handwriting and asked me to contact my mother to confirm the situation. My trick quickly failed, and it was all messed up.
My mum got very angry and felt that the punishment should fit the crime. Knowing that my writing was poor and always in need of improvement, she made me write letters to a few randomly selected relatives. One of them was my uncle whom I’d only met a few times when I was a kindergartner. I wrote a long letter detailing my life and listing my interests.
My punishment was complete. I forgot about this until I suddenly got a reply from my uncle.  “How lovely to hear from you,” he said, and went on to tell me all about his life. He’d love to hear about what subjects at school I enjoyed. And so started a correspondence(信件往来)that went on for several years. He turned out to be the most fascinating man.
Then out of the blue, he died. My mum took the phone call and she was shocked. She deeply regretted it as they had not really spoken for years because of their busy life and workload. I went upstairs and produced a box of letters, the last one being from just a few days before he had passed away. My mum began to read them and knew that although she hadn’t been in touch, I had grown close to him by writing to him, which relieved and calmed her. In fact, I then became close to his wife, whom I also wrote to for many years.
I often think about how that one naughty childhood crime led to such an enriching correspondence that stretched on for many years. It encouraged me to write to lots of other people in fact, and it’s something I keep up with to this day. Besides, receiving a letter is such a lovely surprise. Be bold and write to someone you maybe don’t know that well. Who knows where it will lead?
27．Why did the author’s mum ask him to write a letter to his uncle?
A．Because he did something wrong.
B．Because they hadn’t spoken for years.
C．Because his uncle wanted to hear from them.
D．Because he wanted to share his joy of owning a pet.
28．What can we learn about the author?
A．He ended the correspondence after his uncle passed away.
B．He found his uncle extremely interesting and attractive.
C．He was not interested in keeping in contact with his uncle.
D．His mum kept close contact with his uncle through letters.
29．How did the author’s mother feel when reading the letters?
A．Comforted.
B．Regretful.
C．Astonished.
D．Pleased.
30．What main message does the writer express in the passage?
A．We should appreciate something before it’s gone.
B．Writing letters can be a way to make up for past mistakes.
C．It’s important to tell the truth and be honest in your writing.
D．Writing letters has the power of strengthening bonds with others.
【答案】27．A 28．B 29．A 30．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了小作者想要在店里买一只宠物，他伪造了一封信，表示母亲允许买宠物。事情败露，作为惩罚，妈妈要求他给亲戚写信，作者和他舅舅通信多年，直到舅舅去世时，妈妈很后悔没有和舅舅多多联系，得知孩子一直和舅舅通信感到很欣慰。作者认为，信心可以增进亲情。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“My trick quickly failed, and it was all messed up.(我的把戏很快就失败了，一切都搞砸了)”及 第 二 段“My mum got very angry and felt that the punishment should fit the crime. Knowing that my writing was poor and always in need of improvement, she made me write letters to a few randomly selected relatives.(我妈妈非常生气，觉得惩罚应该与罪行相称。她知道我的文笔很差，总是需要改进，于是让我给几个随机挑选的亲戚写信)”可知，作者做错事假冒妈妈笔迹写信，妈妈让作者给亲戚写信是作为惩罚。故选A项。
28．推理判断题。根据第三段末句“He turned out to be the most fascinating man.(事实证明他原来是最迷人的人)”可知，作者对舅舅是赞美的，fascinating一词表明舅舅是很有趣很有魅力的人。故选B项。
29．推理判断题。根据第四段“My mum began to read them and knew that although she hadn’t been in touch, I had grown close to him by writing to him, which relieved and calmed her.(我妈妈开始读这些信，她知道虽然她还没有联系过，但我通过给他写信已经和他亲近了，这让她松了一口气，也让她平静了下来)”可知，妈妈得知作者舅舅去世时是很震惊，很难过，并且很后悔没有和他多联系。可是她知道作者和舅舅一直在通信，并且读了那些信件时心情好多了，感到很欣慰，难过的心情得到抚慰，comforted和relieved意思相近。故选A项。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It encouraged me to write to lots of other people in fact, and it’s something I keep up with to this day. Besides, receiving a letter is such a lovely surprise. Be bold and write to someone you maybe don’t know that well. Who knows where it will lead?(事实上，它鼓励我给很多其他人写信，我一直坚持到今天。此外，收到一封信是一个如此可爱的惊喜。大胆地写信给你可能不太了解的人。谁知道会发生什么呢)”可知，作者建议大家给亲人写信。作者通过和之前不太熟悉的舅舅通信，和舅舅一直保持通信，和舅舅维系了亲情，并在舅舅去世妈妈伤心难过时，那些信安慰到了妈妈。由此可知，作者认为写信有着神奇的力量可以增进关系，并建议读者写信。故选D项。

D
Plastic pollution has long been a problem, but now it's gotten to a new height literally. Microplastic, referring to plastic fragments and particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter, have been found on Mount Qomolangma as high as 8,440 meters above sea level, just 408.86 meters below the peak of the mountain, according to a recent study published in the journal One Earth.
“These are the highest microplastics ever discovered so far.” lead author Imogen Napper from the University of Plymouth, UK, said in a statement. Scientists collected snow and water samples from 19 different locations from 4,200 meters above sea level all the way up to the summit of Mount Qomolangma. They found microplastics in all the water samples and part of the snow samples. The most polluted sample was from the Base Camp in Nepal, where most human activities on the mountain are concentrated. It had 79 particles of microplastics per liter of snow.
But how have these fragments made it all this way and in such a great abundance? The answer is apparent human activities. It is climbers who bring plastic products to the mountain. Even if they don't litter, just walking for 20 minutes or opening a bottle of water can release microplastics into the environment.
The harsh fact is that plastic pollution has reached even the most remote places on Earth. Researchers even found a plastic bag al the deepest point in the world's oceans—in the Mariana Trench, located in the Pacific Ocean. The bag is the same as the ones commonly used in grocery stores. Even covered in ice, the Arctic is still a victim of plastic pollution. A 2020 report published in Nature suggests that there are 2.000 to 17,000 plastic particles per cubic meter in Arctic ice cores, and between 0 to 18 microplastic particles per cubic meter from the water beneath ice floes. Experts think microplastics may be transported by air and then reach the North Pole in snowfall.
“What we don t yet fully know is the potential problems these tiny pieces of plastic could be having to ecosystems, to organisms and even to our own health as well,” said Christian Dunn of Bangor University, UK. Then what can we do? “We need to start focusing on deeper technological solutions that focus on microplastics, like changing fabric design and including natural fibers instead of plastic when possible.”
31．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A．The polluted samples from the peak were the most serious.
B．Plastic pollution has been discovered at high altitudes.
C．Humans have .climbed to the peak of Mount Qomolangma.
D．Microplastics are a newly-found material by researchers.
32．What can we infer from Paragraph 4?
A．Microplastics may go far beyond the range of human activities.
B．The means of microplastics transportation has been confirmed.
C．There are frequent exchanges between Arctic ice cores and ice floes.
D．Bags from grocery stores are the main source of plastic pollution.
33．According to Christian Dunn, the key to addressing microplastic pollution is ________ .
A．to prohibit the use of plastic products
B．to diversify the design of microplastics
C．to apply only natural fibrous alternatives
D．to develop more advanced technologies
34．Which of the following is the best title?
A．Litter in the Mariana Trench B．New One Earth Campaigns
C．Pollution Reaches New Height D．Adventurous Human Activists
【答案】31．B 32．A 33．D 34．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料污染已经到达了一个新高度，一项研究显示在珠穆朗玛峰上发现塑料微粒污染痕迹。文章就微塑料到达这里的原因进行了分析，指出微塑料可能远远超出人类活动的范围，有人表示解决微塑料污染的关键是开发更先进的技术。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Microplastic, referring to plastic fragments and particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter, have been found on Mount Qomolangma as high as 8,440 meters above sea level, just 408.86 meters below the peak of the mountain, according to a recent study published in the journal One Earth.(最近发表在《一个地球》杂志上的一项研究显示，在海拔8440米、仅比峰顶低408.86米的珠穆朗玛峰上，发现了微塑料，即直径小于5毫米的塑料碎片和颗粒)”以及第二段中“Scientists collected snow and water samples from 19 different locations from 4,200 meters above sea level all the way up to the summit of Mount Qomolangma. They found microplastics in all the water samples and part of the snow samples. The most polluted sample was from the Base Camp in Nepal, where most human activities on the mountain are concentrated. It had 79 particles of microplastics per liter of snow.(科学家们从海拔4200米的19个不同地点采集了雪和水的样本，一直到珠穆朗玛峰峰顶。他们在所有的水样本和部分雪样本中发现了微塑料。污染最严重的样本来自尼泊尔的大本营，那里是珠峰上人类活动最集中的地方。每升雪含有79个微塑料颗粒)”可知，前两段主要讲了在高海拔地区发现了塑料污染。故选B。
32．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The harsh fact is that plastic pollution has reached even the most remote places on Earth. Researchers even found a plastic bag al the deepest point in the world's oceans—in the Mariana Trench, located in the Pacific Ocean. The bag is the same as the ones commonly used in grocery stores. Even covered in ice, the Arctic is still a victim of plastic pollution.(残酷的事实是，塑料污染甚至已经到达地球上最偏远的地方。研究人员甚至在世界海洋最深的地方——位于太平洋的马里亚纳海沟——发现了一个塑料袋。这个袋子和杂货店里常用的袋子是一样的。即使被冰雪覆盖，北极仍然是塑料污染的受害者)”可推知，微塑料可能远远超出人类活动的范围。故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We need to start focusing on deeper technological solutions that focus on microplastics, like changing fabric design and including natural fibers instead of plastic when possible.(我们需要开始关注微塑料更深层次的技术解决方案，比如改变织物设计，尽可能使用天然纤维代替塑料)”可知，Christian Dunn表示，解决微塑料污染的关键是开发更先进的技术。故选D。
34．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Plastic pollution has long been a problem, but now it's gotten to a new height literally.(塑料污染一直是个问题，但现在它确实达到了一个新的高度)”结合文章主要介绍了塑料污染已经到达了一个新高度，一项研究显示在珠穆朗玛峰上发现塑料微粒污染痕迹，可知，C选项“污染达到新的高度”最符合文章标题。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In a perfect world, people would not test medicines on animals. Such experiments are stressful and sometimes painful for animals, and expensive and time-consuming for people. ____35____ That is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.
____36____ Even so, its scientists use some 12 million animals a year, most of them mice and rats, for medical research. Official statistics show that just 1.1 million animals are used in research in America each year. But that is misleading. The American government does not think mice and rats are worth counting and, as these are the most common laboratory animals, the true figure is much higher. ____37____
Now Europe is changing the rules governing animal experiments by limiting the number of animals used in labs. ____38____ In addition, sharing all research results freely should help to reduce the number of animals for scientific use. At present, scientists often share only the results of successful experiments. If their findings do not fit the hypothesis (假说) being tested, the work never sees the light of day. This practice means wasting time, money, and animals’ lives in endlessly repeating the failed experiments.
Animal experimentation has taught humans a great deal and saved countless lives. ____39____ Europe’s new measures should eventually both reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which scientific research is done.
A．They should be stopped.
B．Lab animals are mainly used in developed countries.
C．Japan has even less comprehensive data than America.
D．It needs to continue, even if that means animals sometimes suffer.
E．Europe, on the whole, has the world’s most restrictive laws on animal experiments.
F．Yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge wide gaps in medical knowledge.
G．Alternatives to animal testing, like using human tissue, are now strongly recommended.
【答案】35．F 36．E 37．C 38．G 39．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍目前全世界每年都有大量的动物用于医学研究，虽然对于人类医学进步是必要的，但这对于动物而言无疑是残忍的。因此，欧洲正在限制实验室使用的动物数量。
35．根据下文“That is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.(这就是为什么全世界每年有大约5000万到1亿只动物被用于研究。)”可知，空处解释了为什么需要用动物做实验。选项F“Yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge wide gaps in medical knowledge.(然而，仍然需要动物实验以帮助弥合医学知识的巨大差距。)”解释了动物实验的必要性。故选F。
36．根据下文“Even so, its scientists use some 12 million animals a year, most of them mice and rats, for medical research.(尽管如此，其科学家们每年仍要使用大约1200万只动物进行医学研究，其中大多数是小白鼠和大鼠。)”可知，空处应该和本句存在转折关系。本句说的是“its”科学家每年还需要1200万只动物做医学研究，那么空处指的应该是严格控制所用动物数量。选项E “Europe, on the whole, has the world’s most restrictive laws on animal experiments.(总的来说，欧洲对动物实验有着世界上最严格的法律。)”既符合下文的文意，同时Europe又和下文的“its”保持一致。故选E。
37．根据上文“The American government does not think mice and rats are worth counting and, as these are the most common laboratory animals, the true figure is much higher.(美国政府认为小鼠和大鼠不值得计算，因为它们是最常见的实验动物，真实的数字要高得多。)”可知，美国科学家用来做实验的动物数量惊人，而本段主要讲述的就是用来做实验的动物数量巨大。故空处应为上文内容的延伸。选项C “Japan has even less comprehensive data than America.(日本的数据甚至不如美国全面。)”正是对上文内容的延伸，讲述的是日本情况也很糟糕。故选C。
38．根据上文“Now Europe is changing the rules governing animal experiments by limiting the number of animals used in labs.(现在，欧洲正在通过限制实验室使用的动物数量来改变管理动物实验的规则。)”可知，本段讲述的是欧洲所采取的措施。选项G “Alternatives to animal testing, like using human tissue, are now strongly recommended.(现在强烈建议使用人体组织等替代动物实验的方法。)”正是举措之一。故选G。
39．根据上文“Animal experimentation has taught humans a great deal and saved countless lives.(动物实验教会了人类很多东西，拯救了无数生命。)”可知，动物实验给人类带来了很多的好处。选项D “It needs to continue, even if that means animals sometimes suffer.(它需要继续下去，即使这意味着动物有时会遭受痛苦。)”是上文内容的延展，因为动物实验给人类带来了很多好处，所以是必不可少的。故选D。

第三部分 写作（共两节，32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
How to Work Out Your Worries by Writing
An extensive body of research shows benefits to writing about a traumatic experience or difficult situation in a manner that psychologists refer to as “expressive writing.” People who do this, recording their deepest thoughts and feelings, often show improved mental and physical health.
Expressive writing is different from writing in a journal. The idea is to reflect honestly and thoughtfully on a particular trauma or challenge. Recognizing that something is bothering you is an important first step. Translating that experience into language forces you to organize your thoughts. And creating a story or explanation gives you a sense of control.
But there are a few limitations. For psychiatrists, expressive writing isn’t a magical cure-all, so it shouldn’t be used as a replacement for other treatments. And people coping with a severe trauma or depression may not find it useful to do on their own, without therapy. Yet it can be a powerful coping tool for many, in large part because it helps combat the feelings that people often keep as secret about a trauma, as well as their reluctance to face emotions. “The more you avoid a problem, the more trouble you will have with it, because you create a circle of anxiety and worries, and increasing negative emotions,” says Brian Marx, PhD, a professor of psychiatry at the Boston University School of Medicine.
Why write? Thinking or talking about an event can lead to reflecting, where you become lost in your emotions. But writing forces you to slow down. The mere act of labeling a feeling— of putting words to an emotion—can reduce the neural activity in the threat area of the brain, says Annette Stanton, PhD, distinguished professor and chair of the department of psychology at UCLA．Stanton’s research suggests that expressive writing can lead to lower depressive symptoms, greater positive mood, and an enhanced appreciation for life. “Writing can increase someone’s acceptance of their experience, and acceptance is calming,” she says.
What if you don’t consider yourself “a writer”? Don’t worry about spelling or grammar, and don’t share your writing with anyone. But do dig deep into your thoughts and feelings. The goal of the exercise is to find meaning in an unsettling event.
40．How is expressive writing different from writing in a journal?
41．What are the limitations of expressive writing?
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶ Expressive writing has a calming effect because it can help people to get rid of depression, appreciate life more and accept their experience.
43．What is your own way to work out your worries? And why？ (In about 40 words)
【答案】
40．Expressive writing is different from writing in a journal in that it is to reflect honestly and thoughtfully on a particular trauma or challenge.
41．Expressive writing can’t cure all mental problems and is not useful for people coping with a severe trauma or depression.
42．Expressive writing has a calming effect because it can help people to get rid of depression, appreciate life more and accept their experience.
According to the passage, expressive writing can help people feel less depressed, but can’t get rid of depression.
43．言之有理即可
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的写作方式“表达性写作”，用这种写作方式来写创伤经历或困境对人是有好处的。
40．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Expressive writing is different from writing in a journal. The idea is to reflect honestly and thoughtfully on a particular trauma or challenge.(表达性写作不同于写日记。这个想法是为了诚实和深思熟虑地反思一个特定的创伤或挑战。)”可知，表达性写作不是单纯的记录一件事。故答案为Expressive writing is different from writing in a journal in that it is to reflect honestly and thoughtfully on a particular trauma or challenge.
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段“But there are a few limitations. For psychiatrists, expressive writing isn’t a magical cure-all, so it shouldn’t be used as a replacement for other treatments. And people coping with a severe trauma or depression may not find it useful to do on their own, without therapy.(但也有一些限制。对于精神科医生来说，表达性写作并不是灵丹妙药，所以它不应该被用来替代其他治疗方法。而那些正在应对严重创伤或抑郁症的人可能会发现，如果不接受治疗，仅靠自己是没有用的。)”可知，表达性写作的缺陷是不能治愈所有精神上的问题，对于严重创伤或抑郁症患者，并没有作用。故答案为Expressive writing can’t cure all mental problems and is not useful for people coping with a severe trauma or depression.
42．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Stanton’s research suggests that expressive writing can lead to lower depressive symptoms, greater positive mood, and an enhanced appreciation for life. “Writing can increase someone’s acceptance of their experience, and acceptance is calming,” she says.(斯坦顿的研究表明，表达性写作可以降低抑郁症状，增强积极情绪，增强对生活的感恩。她说：“写作可以提高人们对自己经历的接受度，而接受会让人平静下来。”)”可知，表达性写作可以降低抑郁症状，而不是消除抑郁。所以原句中的to get rid of depression是错的。故答案为Expressive writing has a calming effect because it can help people to get rid of depression, appreciate life more and accept their experience.
According to the passage, expressive writing can help people feel less depressed, but can’t get rid of depression.
43．开放题。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为When I feel worried, I always listen to some relaxing music, watch amusing films or go hiking in my spare time. Because these can help me feel relaxed and make me forget my worries.

第二节 开放性作文（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学的学生李华。你校交换生Jim对中国的非物质文化遗产非常感兴趣，这个周末在国家博物馆将举办一场非遗文化展。请你给Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他一同前往。邮件内容包括：
1．介绍活动；
2．发出邀请。
注意：1．词数100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
提示词：国家博物馆 National Museum of China
非物质文化遗产展览 intangible cultural heritage exhibition
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
    Knowing that you are very interested in China’s intangible cultural heritage, I’m writing to invite you to visit an intangible cultural heritage exhibition in National Museum of China with me.
    This exhibition mainly displays some of China’s intangible cultural heritages, including Chinese calligraphy, Chinese paper-cutting, Chinese seal cutting and so on, which will let you see the present situation of these precious heritages and their great significance. Visiting this exhibition can give you a deeper understanding of China’s intangible cultural heritage. You must be amazed at the depth of Chinese culture.
    Would you like to come? I’m looking forward to meeting you at the exhibition.
                                                                                                                           Yours,
                                                                                                                           Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生Jim写封电子邮件，邀请他和你一起去在国家博物馆将举办的一场非遗文化展。
【详解】1.词汇积累
展览：exhibition→display
展出：display→exhibit
目前的：present→current
宝贵的：precious→valuable
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Visiting this exhibition can give you a deeper understanding of China’s intangible cultural heritage.
拓展句：If you visit this exhibition, you will have a deeper understanding of China’s intangible cultural heritage.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you are very interested in China’s intangible cultural heritage, I’m writing to invite you to visit an intangible cultural heritage exhibition in National Museum of China with me. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] This exhibition mainly displays some of China’s intangible cultural heritages, including Chinese calligraphy, Chinese paper-cutting, Chinese seal cutting and so on, which will let you see the present situation of these precious heritages and their great significance. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)