2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习专题四语法填空先题点再题型第一讲介冠代连词奇招出击横扫自由填空题第二节并列连词和三大从句

这是一份2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习专题四语法填空先题点再题型第一讲介冠代连词奇招出击横扫自由填空题第二节并列连词和三大从句，共15页。
第二节　并列连词和三大从句
对连接词的考查涉及到并列句和三大从句，是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是学生的易错点。分析句子成分，牢记从句规则用法是解题的关键。在书面表达中灵活运用三大从句也是吸引阅卷老师的法宝之一。
如何判断填并列连词
典例印证
【典例】　[2022·全国乙卷]The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67.________ cultural exchanges.
第一步：确定填并列连词　分析句子结构可知， international cooperation和cultural exchanges是并列关系。
第二步：确定答案　本句意为“促进国际合作与文化交流。”
自主解答：________
解题攻略
*第一步：如何确定并列连词
如果两个单词、短语、句子相并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系，则填并列连词。
*第二步：确定答案
根据句中并列成分之间的关系确定所填连词。

技法1　并列连词——关系分析法
当空格前后是两个并列成分， 如两个单词、短语、或主谓结构完整的句子等， 而且并列成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系等时， 空格处一般填并列连词and, but, or等。
典题试做
1.[2022·南京市考前训练题二]Mack is in the middle of his A­levels, ________ he is too impatient to finish the year, so he is taking a break from his studies to attempt the world record.
2.[2022·河北衡水中学押题卷]For instance, you have to add ingredients in the correct order, ________ cookies will be unpleasantly wet.
3.[2022·河北省适应性考试]The book creates a painting style that is both classical ________ modern.
4.[2021·浙江卷6月]Although Mary loved flowers, ________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
5.[2022·石家庄市部分学校模拟]Wherever you are in the world, you will be exposed to the language one way ________ another.
快捷思维
关系分析法
分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。
①表示并列或递进关系的连词有：and, both...and..., not only...but (also)．..等；
②表示选择关系的连词有：or, either...or..., neither...nor...等；
③表示转折或对比关系的连词有：but, while, not...but...等；
④表示因果关系的连词有：so, for等。


技法2　定语从句——4步法确定关系词
典题试做
1.[2022·浙江卷1月]Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
2.[2022·山东省实验中学模拟]The app does this by monitoring their time ________ the users go to sleep, which means that you will feel less sleepy when you wake up every morning.
3.[2022·河北省模拟演练三]She also used her fame and succeeded in attracting the support of the noblemen, from ________ she got much support.
4.[2020·天津卷]________ is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half­hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading.
5.[2022·潍坊市三月份高考模拟]The six greatest 18th­century carved marble (大理石) sculptures in the East Sculpture Hall ________ sustained the most damage will receive conservation treatment.
6.[2022·南京市考前训练题一]An additional reason ________ it can be so desirable is that it tends to come from resources that are free.
7.[2022·衡水中学押题卷]Basically, baking is a creative activity ________ you can imagine a happy moment in the future.
8.[2022·张家口市一模]This story about self­respect and self­love, ________ characters are Chinese, is set in Europe.
9.[2022·连云港市模拟二]By doing this, they are reintroducing foods into the marketplace ________ haven't been grown for years.
10.[2022·威海市高考模拟]The first space launch led to the first human space flight, ________ led to the first moonwalk.
11.[2022·泰安市全真模拟]The Double Ninth Festival is also a time ________ the chrysanthemum (菊花) blooms.
12.[2022·江西重点中学协作体联考]Nowadays an increasing number of people in various parts of China have begun to celebrate their flower festival again, some of ________， dressed in hanfu, a type of traditional Chinese costume, perform a series of ceremonies.
快捷思维
第一步：确定是定语从句
分析句子结构，设空处无提示词，设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。
第二步：分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
在先行词的后面出现逗号的是非限制性定语从句。
①that不能引导非限制性定语从句；
②which引导非限制性定语从句可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；
③as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首、句中或句末，意为“正如”。
第三步：寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表时间、地点、还是原因)
①先行词指人用that/who/whom/whose引导；
②先行词指物用that/which/whose引导；
③先行词表示时间/地点/原因用when/where/why引导。
第四步：判断从句中所缺成分，确定关系词
①缺少主语用that/which/who；
②缺少动词的宾语用that/which/who/whom；
③缺少介词的宾语用whom/which；
④缺少定语用whose；
⑤缺少时间、地点或原因状语时，分别用when, where, why。

技法3　名词性从句——搞定名词性从句5方向
设空处无提示词，先确定主句主谓结构，再确定设空处和空后的内容在主句中充当的成分：主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
典题试做
1.[2022·湖南省六校联考]She says that both Greece and China have rich cultures and traditions dating back to ancient times, and ________ there is so much to learn from each other.
2.[2022·太原市模拟一]There is a general belief ________ more Chinese people will enjoy the Spring Festival in space in the future.
3.[2022·浙江卷1月]Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ________ she could do so remotely; about three­quarters of the time, they agreed.
4.[2022·宝鸡市高三联考]But there is some debate over ________ it was NOLA or Mobile, Alabama that had the first Mardi Gras back in the 1700s.
5.[2022·临沂市一模]________ they found is that as the repeats accumulated, the participants rated the sounds as being more tuneful.
6.[2022·深圳外国语学校第二次检测]“The tiger is ________ stands for strength and energy in traditional Chinese culture.” Chen says, “We want to reflect tiger­related culture from various aspects.”
7.[2022·河北省高三学生全过程纵向评价]We believe that our great Chinese people will achieve ________ others can in the space area.
8.[2022·常德市模拟]Rising up early also relieves stress and tension because it gives you the time to squeeze in a workout before you get distracted (分神). This is ________ morning people tend to be healthier and happier.
9.[2022·淄博市二模]If a foundation is so huge, just imagine ________ grand and tall the column above would be.
10.[2022·南京市、盐城市二模]It's reported ________ few couples complained when the COVID­19 forced Saudi Arabia to place some limitations.
11.[2022·连云港市第二次调研]It is assumed, for a person to be healthy, ________ yin and yang forces should be in balance.
快捷思维
方向一：从句中不缺句子成分且句意完整
分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分且句子意义完整，应考虑that引导主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句，此时that没有词义，也不作任何成分。
方向二：从句中不缺句子成分但句意不完整
分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分，但句意中缺少“是否”的意思时，则应考虑whether引导各种名词性从句，if可以用于引导及物动词后的宾语从句。
方向三：从句中缺少主/宾/表语
分析句子结构，从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，考虑用连接代词what, who, whom, which, whatever等。
方向四：从句中缺少状语
分析句子结构，从句中缺少状语(结合句意判断)，考虑用连接副词where (表示地点), when (表示时间), how (表示方式), why (表示原因)等。
方向五：it句型
①It be＋形容词＋主语从句
②It be＋过去分词＋that从句
③It be＋名词词组(a pity, a surprise, good news)＋that从句

技法4　状语从句——句意法＋固定句式法
典题试做
1.[2022·高三年级苏州八校三模]In the following years, ________ Deng has dedicated himself to training, struggling for an opportunity to fly into space, he has always been inches away from good luck and has yet to make it.
2.[2022·苏州八校三模]Dad, you are only one step away from fulfilling your dream. You must hold on to it, no matter ________ awaits you.
3.[2022·连云港市考前模拟一]In addition, improvement of teachers' professional development cannot be over emphasized ________ technology will never replace a knowledgeable teacher.
4.[2022·山东省济南市3月模拟]I feel I'm missing something ________ I don't eat yuanxiao during the Lantern Festival.
5.[2022·江苏省连云港市模拟二]One solution to this problem is to collect and preserve the seeds of as many different species as we can ________ they disappear.
6.[2022·河北省保定市二模]________ it's body image, money, or fame, humble bragging is finding its way into our lives more frequently than before, thanks to social media.
7.[2022·湖南省名校联考模拟一]Our sun is such a familiar sight in the sky ________ you might think stars like our sun are common across the universe.
8.[2022·重庆市高考模拟调研卷三]Huan Huan and Yuan Zai have been expanding their family ________ they arrived, thanks to the joint efforts of Beauval Zoo and China's Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.
快捷思维
1.句意法确定状语从句引导词
①while/when/as/since引导时间状语从句；
②before/after引导时间状语从句；
③if/unless/once引导条件状语从句；
④though/although/while引导让步状语从句；
⑤in case引导目的或条件状语从句；
⑥where/when引导地点/时间状语从句；
⑦whatever/whenever/however/whichever/wherever引导让步状语从句。
2.固定句式法确定状语从句引导词
①so/such...that...如此……以至于……
②not...until...直到……才……
③It will/won't be＋一段时间＋before...没过多长时间就/过了多长时间才……
④It is some time (一段时间)＋since... 自从……以来已经多长时间了
⑤whether...or (not)．..无论……还是……，引导让步状语从句

练重点练难点·创新应用体验
[2022·南通市高三第一次调研测试] Tibet was a region I was desperate to see, 1.________ its remoteness and my inability to go delayed my journey. Last summer, my brother and I finally decided to take the trip.
We set off at the Guangzhou Railway Station and three days later, we arrived in Lhasa. The trip certainly took a while; however, we 2.________ (reward) with the most beautiful views and made friends along the way, all at a 3.________ (low) cost than flying.
We started our tour of Lhasa 4.________ (comprehensive) exploring the palace. We had an incredible lunch at one of the best restaurants in Lhasa, 5.________ offered a beautiful view overlooking the famous attraction.
Then we started our journey to the Qomolangma base camp 6.________ road from Lhasa. Along the way we stopped 7.________ (admire) the Yamdrok Lake. Its beauty was beyond 8.________ (describe)．
About a week later, we arrived. We stayed in a guesthouse just next to the base camp and after dropping off our luggage, 9.________ (head) straight outside to see the Mt. Qomolangma. The tip of the mountain emerged through the clouds, 10.________ (astonish) us with its unbelievable height. The clouds parted and we watched the sunset over the peak.
1．__________　2.__________　3.__________
4．__________　5.__________　6.__________
7．__________　8.__________　9.__________
10．__________
Test 2
[2022·潍坊市高中模拟测试] If there were Grammy Awards for animals, the indri, a critically endangered species of animal in Madagascar, 1.________ (definite) could be the winner—just because they are the few existent animals 2.________ musical rhythm.
Rhythm in animals has been a topic of discussion for scientists. “Only a few primate species sing, 3.________ they are precious resources in our search for the evolutionary origins of human musicality，” said Dr. Aniruddh Patel of Tufts University.
Scientists from Madagascar invested up to 12 years in the forest 4.________ (record) songs of the 20 indri groups, and found the presence of rhythms featuring in human songs. Further analysis found a 1∶1 rhythm, where intervals (间隔) between sounds are the same 5.________ (long), and a 1∶2 rhythm，which means the second interval 6.________ (be) twice as long as the first one, present themselves in the lemur's songs.
“ If an indri had some sort of metronome (节拍器) in its head 7.________ (go) ‘tac, tac, tac’， then it would likely produce 8.________ we see. It's so close to human music，” Dr.Aniruddh said.
This marks the first time that categorical rhythm 9.________ (find) in a nonhuman mammal. But it's unknown whether human and indris' 10.________ (share) ear for music is the result of a common ancestor.
1．__________　2.__________　3.__________
4．__________　5.__________　6.__________
7．__________　8.__________　9.__________
10．__________
第二节　并列连词和三大从句
典例　答案：and
命题专家授策略
技法1
1．答案与解析：but　考查连词。句意：麦克的A水平课程已经进行了一半，但是他太不耐烦了，不能完成这一年的课程，所以他要从学习中休息一下，去尝试打破世界纪录。结合句意可知，前后事情发生了转折，所以用转折连词but。
2．答案与解析：or　考查连词。句意：例如，你必须按照正确的顺序添加配料，否则饼干会变得潮湿，令人不快。分析句子逻辑可知，可知填or。
3．答案与解析：and　考查连词。句意：这本书创造了一种既古典又现代的绘画风格。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配both...and...，表示“不仅……而且……”，故填and。
4．答案与解析：neither　考查连词。根据后面的“she nor her husband”可知，此处为neither...nor...结构。所以用neither。
5．答案与解析：or　考查并列连词。句意：无论你在世界上的哪个地方，你都会以这样或那样的方式接触到语言。根据所给句子可知， one way与another表示“一种方式”“其他方式”，两者并列，是选择关系，故填or。
技法2
1．答案与解析：who/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为指代人的a small but growing minority of academics，应用who/that。
2．答案与解析：when　考查定语从句。句意：该应用程序通过监测用户睡觉的时间来实现这一点，这意味着每天早上醒来时你会感觉不那么困了。分析句子结构可知，此处“________ the users go to sleep”是限定性定语从句，先行词是time，指时间，从句缺少时间状语，故填when。
3．答案与解析：whom　考查定语从句。句意：她还利用自己的名声，成功地吸引了贵族的支持，从他们那得到了很多支持。分析句子成分可知，此句是非限制性定语从句， 从句中noblemen是指人的先行词，介词from后接宾语，故填whom。
4．答案与解析：As　考查定语从句。句意：正如第四段所述，带一个小孩到半小时的“故事时间”让父母享受安静的阅读。As “正如”符合语境。
5．答案与解析：that　考查定语从句。句意：受损最严重的东方雕塑馆的6座18世纪最伟大的大理石雕塑将接受保护处理。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词sculptures是物，且被最高级greatest修饰，因此空格处用关系代词that，故填that。
6．答案与解析：why　考查定语从句。句意：清洁能源如此可取的另一个原因是它往往来自免费的资源。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，在从句中做原因状语，故填why。
7．答案与解析：where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，先行词为“a creative activity”，指物，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
8．答案与解析：whose　考查定语从句。句意：这个关于自尊和自爱的故事，主人公是中国人，故事发生在欧洲。此处考查非限定性定语从句的关系词。先行词为This story，先行词与characters为所属关系，设空处应用关系代词whose，后接characters，表示“故事的”。
9．答案与解析：that/which　考查定语从句。句意：通过这样做，他们将多年未种植的食物重新引入市场。分析句子结构可知，先行词是marketplace，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。
10．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句。句意：第一次太空发射引领了第一次人类太空飞行，这引发了第一次月球行走。分析句子结构，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前边的整个句子，故填which。
11．答案与解析：when　考查定语从句。句意：重阳节也是菊花盛开的时节。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，先行词time是时间，因此空格处用关系副词when。
12．答案与解析：whom　分析句子结构可知，“Nowadays...again”是一个完整的句子， 后面是“不定代词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。该从句的先行词是people，空前有some of，故关系代词只能用whom。
技法3
1．答案与解析：that　考查宾语从句。句意：她说，希腊和中国都有着源远流长的丰富文化和传统，彼此之间有很多值得学习的地方。and连接前后两个宾语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，且句子意思完整，用that引导宾语从句，第二个宾语从句引导词that不能省略。
2．答案与解析：that　考查同位语从句。句意：人们普遍认为，将来会有更多的中国人在太空过春节。此处为同位语从句，解释说明belief的内容，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that。
3．答案与解析：whether/if　考查宾语从句。句意：就科布而言，她开始询问邀请她发言的会议组织者她是否可以远程发言。空处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，应用whether/if。
4．答案与解析：whether　考查宾语从句。句意：但是，在18世纪的时候，究竟是诺拉还是阿拉巴马州的莫比尔举办了第一次狂欢节，这还存在一些争论。空处引导宾语从句，根据后文“it was NOLA or Mobile”可知为whether...or...，表示“是……还是……”。
5．答案与解析：What　考查名词性从句。句意：他们发现，随着重复次数的积累，参与者认为这些声音更加悦耳。在主语从句中缺少found的宾语，根据“that as the repeats accumulated, the participants rated the sounds as being more tuneful”可知，此处应用连接代词what表示“什么”。
6．答案与解析：what　考查表语从句。句意：在中国传统文化中，老虎代表力量和活力。连接代词what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，表示“……的人/事/物”。分析句子可知，空格后是表语从句，从句引导词在从句中作主语，表示“代表力量和活力的动物”。
7．答案与解析：what　考查宾语从句。句意：我们相信，我们伟大的中国人民将在太空领域取得其他人可以取得的成就。引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事物，应用what。
8．答案与解析：why　考查名词性从句。句意：早起也能缓解压力和紧张，因为它能让你在分心之前挤出时间锻炼。这就是早起的人更健康、更快乐的原因。This is why...这就是……的原因，从句缺少原因状语，所以用连接副词why引导表语从句。
9．答案与解析：how　考查宾语从句。句意：如果一个地基这么大，想象一下上面的柱子会有多雄伟多高。宾语从句为感叹句，感叹形容词grand and tall应用how。
10．答案与解析：that　考查主语从句。句意：据报道，当COVID­19迫使沙特阿拉伯实施一些限制时，很少有夫妇抱怨。“It's reported that...”表示据报道，it是形式主语，that引导主语从句，在从句中起连接的作用。
11．答案与解析：that　考查主语从句。句意：人们认为，为了使一个人健康，阴阳力量应该平衡。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查It is assumed that。其中It作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，引导词that不可以省略。
技法4
1．答案与解析：while/although/though　考查让步状语从句。句意：在接下来的几年里，尽管Deng一直致力于训练，努力争取进入太空的机会，但他总是与好运近在咫尺，至今仍未实现。后文“he has always been inches away from good luck and has yet to make it”和前文之间存在转折关系，因位于句子开头部分，故此处可用从属连词while或although或though引导让步状语从句。
2．答案与解析：what　考查让步状语从句。句意：你必须坚持下去，不管等待你的是什么。根据句意和no matter可知，此处引导让步状语从句，no matter what“无论什么……”，连接代词what在从句中作主语，指代事物。故填what。
3．答案与解析：because/since/as　考查原因状语从句。句意：此外，教师专业发展的改善再怎么强调也不为过，因为技术永远不会取代知识渊博的教师。结合语境，上下句之间是因果关系，故填because/since/as。
4．答案与解析：if　考查状语从句。句意：如果我在元宵节期间不吃元宵，我觉得我错过了什么。引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用if。
5．答案与解析：before　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连词连接状语从句；结合句意可知，此处指在种子消失前，收集并保存它们。由此可知，空处需用连词before“在……之前”。
6．答案与解析：Whether　考查状语从句。根据下文的or可知考查短语：whether...or...无论……还是……，故填Whether。
7．答案与解析：that　考查固定句型。句意：我们的太阳在天空中是如此熟悉的景象，以至于你可能会认为像太阳这样的恒星在宇宙中是常见的。such...that...为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。
8．答案与解析：since　考查连词。句意：欢欢和圆仔自从来到这里就一直在扩大它们的家庭。设空处引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……以来”，应用since。
练重点练难点　创新应用体验
Test 1
语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——旅行——西藏之旅
【语篇解读】　本文讲述了作者的西藏之旅：去年夏天，作者和弟弟从广州乘坐火车到拉萨，沿途看到了不一样的风景……
1．答案与解析：but/yet　考查连词。前文说，西藏是作者想要去参观的地方；下文说，由于遥远和个人能力，西藏之旅被耽搁。据此可知，空处前后为转折关系，故用表转折意义的并列连词。
2．答案与解析：were rewarded　考查时态和语态。根据首段尾句中的“Last summer”可知，该句陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时；该句主语we是复数，和动词reward之间为被动关系，故填were rewarded。
3．答案与解析：lower　考查形容词的比较级。根据than可知，该处用比较级，此处表示乘坐火车比飞机便宜。
4．答案与解析：comprehensively　考查副词。副词修饰动词，空处修饰动词，故用所给词的副词形式。
5．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词one of the best restaurants，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。
6．答案与解析：by　考查介词。前文介绍乘坐火车去西藏旅行，根据空后的“road”可知，该处指通过走公路的方式从拉萨到珠穆朗玛峰宿营地。by表示“通过……的方式”。
7．答案与解析：to admire　考查动词不定式。该处指停下来的目的，动词不定式表示目的，故用动词不定式。
8．答案与解析：description　考查名词。介词后可接名词，根据介词beyond可知，空处用名词形式。
9．答案与解析：headed　考查时态。根据谓语动词stayed可知，该处陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时；由and可知，空处和stayed为并列关系，故用一般过去时。
10．答案与解析：astonishing　考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，该句的谓语动词为emerged，由逗号后无and的特征可以判断，空处作状语；主语The tip和动词astonish之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填astonishing。
Test 2
语篇类型：新闻报道　主题语境：人与自然——研究发现——马达加斯加大狐猴会分类节奏
【语篇解读】　研究人员发现马达·加斯加大狐猴懂得分类节奏，这是科学家第一次在非人类哺乳动物物种中发现这一情况。
1．答案与解析：definitely　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰后面的动词，需要用副词，故填definitely。
2．答案与解析：with　考查介词。结合破折号后面的句意“仅仅因为它们是现存为数不多有音乐节奏的动物”可知，此处应该填介词with，表示“有；具有；带有”。
3．答案与解析：so　考查连词。根据语境可知，前后句之间为因果关系，且为前因后果，故填so。
4．答案与解析：to record　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语，“科学家们在森林里花了长达12年的时间”是为了“记录20个马达加斯加大狐猴族群的歌声”，应用动词不定式表目的，故填to record。
5．答案与解析：length　考查词形转换。根据空前的the same可知，此处需用名词，故填length。
6．答案与解析：is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，该空作means引导的宾语从句的谓语动词。根据上文中的“where intervals(间隔)between sounds are”可知，此处在描述客观情况，时态应为一般现在时，主语the second interval为第三人称单数，所以空处需要填is。
7．答案与解析：going　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是had，此处在句中是非谓语动词，与metronome之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填going。
8．答案与解析：what　考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，该空引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语，指物，故填what。
9．答案与解析：has been found　考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此空作从句的谓语。根据“the first time that”可知，需用现在完成时；categorical rhythm与find之间为被动关系；categorical rhythm为第三人称单数。故填has been found。
10．答案与解析：shared　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰后面的名词ear，且与ear为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填shared。