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2023年高考第三次模拟考试卷-英语（北京B卷）（全解全析）
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这是一份2023年高考第三次模拟考试卷-英语（北京B卷）（全解全析），共21页。试卷主要包含了5份，共15份），简要介绍主要活动安排；，表达美好祝愿等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023年高考英语第三次模拟考试卷
英语·全解全析
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5份，共15份）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
I glanced to my left and right as I got ready at the starting line. The sight of other competitors who had confident and fierce-looking faces got me goose bumps and I was even more ___1___ than before.
“On your mark, get set... Go!” shouted the race official. I pushed myself forward with all my ___2___ and started running as though a pride of man-eating lions were coming after me. As I ran, I could see the other competitors catching up with me. All of a sudden, I fell down on my knees. A hundred pairs of eyes bored into me, watching me ___3___ to get up. But no matter how hard I tried, I just could not do it.
“No, it cannot end like this. I have to ___4___ this race.” I thought to myself. However, the pain from my injury was so unbearable that I felt totally ___5___. I really wanted to give up.
Out of despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind competitor ___6___ her hand to me.
“Thank you...” I whispered ___7___ as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up.
She lent me her shoulder for support, and I ___8___ forward. The crowd cheered at this brilliant display of ___9___. Together, both of us crossed the finishing line.
Even though I never got the chance to learn her name, I will always remember her as the one who stepped forward to help me when I was in _____10_____.
1．A．tired B．confused C．nervous D．regretful
2．A．joy B．might C．trouble D．shame
3．A．attempt B．hesitate C．wait D．pretend
4．A．organize B．evaluate C．appreciate D．complete
5．A．defeated B．inspired C．shocked D．relaxed
6．A．waved B．extended C．showed D．pointed
7．A．proudly B．cautiously C．awkwardly D．gratefully
8．A．moved B．fell C．bent D．looked
9．A．partnership B．sportsmanship C．leadership D．friendship
10．A．anger B．doubt C．need D．silence
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．C
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在一次跑步比赛中，摔倒了，膝盖的疼痛让作者无法继续前进。就在作者感到绝望时，旁边的选手停下来，搀扶着作者走向终点线。这让作者很是感动，并会永远记住这个在他需要帮助时，及时向他伸出援助之手的人。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看着旁边充满自信且表情凶神恶煞的其他竞争者，我感到浑身起鸡皮疙瘩，我比之前更加紧张。A. tired疲惫的；B. confused困惑的；C. nervous紧张的；D. regretful后悔的。根据前文“The sight of other competitors who had confident and fierce-looking faces got me goose bumps”可知，此处指作者看着旁边的人充满自信感到更加紧张，故选C。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用尽全身力气向前冲，尽管后面一群吃人的狮子紧跟在我后面。A. joy高兴，喜悦；B. might强大力量，威力；C. trouble困难；D. shame羞愧。根据后文“and started running”可知，此处指我用尽全身强大的力量先前冲，故选B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一百双眼睛盯着我看，看我努力试图爬起来。A. attempt企图，努力；B. hesitate犹豫；C. wait等待；D. pretend假装。根据前文“All of a sudden, I fell down on my knees.”可知，此处指我在赛跑时摔倒了，故努力试图爬起来，故填A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心里想：“不，不能就这样结束了。我必须完成这次比赛”。A. organize组织；B. evaluate评估，评价；C. appreciate欣赏，感激；D. complete完成。根据前文“No, it cannot end like this.”可知，此处指不能就这样结束，我必须完成这次比赛，故选D。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，我膝盖上的疼痛如此无法忍受，以至于我感觉很泄气。A. defeated泄气的，受挫的；B. inspired受到鼓舞的；C. shocked震惊的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“However, the pain from my injury was so unbearable ”以及后文“I really wanted to give up.”可知，此处指我想放弃，因此我是感觉很泄气的，故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，一个善良的竞争者向我伸出了手。A. waved挥手；B. extended延伸，伸出；C. showed展示；D. pointed指向。根据后文“as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up”可知，此处指她向我伸出手，故选B。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我抓住她的手，她把我拉起来的时候，我感激地说着“谢谢你”。A. proudly骄傲地；B. cautiously谨慎地；C. awkwardly尴尬地；D. gratefully感激地。根据前文“a kind competitor 6 her hand to me.”可知，此处指我很感激那个向我伸出手的竞争者，因此是感激地说着谢谢，故选D。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把肩膀借给我支撑，我向前移动。A. moved移动；B. fell摔，落；C. bent弯腰；D. looked看。根据后文“Together, both of us crossed the finishing line.”可知，此处指我支撑着她的肩膀，向终点线移动，故选A。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：观众为这种杰出的体育精神而欢呼。A. partnership合伙，合作关系；B. sportsmanship体育精神；C. leadership领导才能；D. friendship友谊。根据前文“Together, both of us crossed the finishing line.”可知，此处指我在比赛中摔倒了，旁边的人扶着我走向终点，这是一种体育精神，故选B。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我不知道她的名字，但我将永远记得她，因为她是在我有需要时，走上前来帮助我的那个人。A. anger怒气；B. doubt疑惑；C. need需要；D. silence沉默。根据前文“Out of despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind competitor 6 her hand to me.”可知，此处指她在我需要帮助时，向我伸出了援助之手，故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
When I was seven years old, I caught a cold and had to stay at home. My parents had to work, so my neighbor came over to look after me. She read many different books to me ____11____ (patient), including adventures set in ancient times, travel stories, family dramas, historical novels, etc. To my joy, ____12____ (listen) to each book made me feel like watching a movie, but better because books gave much more details than movies. She started my interest in reading. Next year, after graduating from college, I ____13____ (have) a job teaching English. I hope that I can transfer the love of reading to my students.
【答案】11．patiently 12．listening 13．will have##am going to have
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候，邻居激发了作者的阅读兴趣。
11．考查副词。句意：她耐心地给我读了很多不同的书，包括古代冒险故事、旅行故事、家庭剧、历史小说等。修饰动词，用副词形式。故填patiently。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：让我高兴的是，每听一本书都让我感觉像在看电影，但更好，因为书比电影提供了更多的细节。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填listening。
13．考查时态。句意：明年，大学毕业后，我将有一份教英语的工作。根据时间状语Next year可知，用一般将来时。故填will have/am going to have。
B
This year, the 13th Spring Festival Joint Exhibition of Chinese Books, ____14____ theme was “Reading China”, was held on January 24th in 85 bookstores worldwide. It ____15____(carry) out a variety of activities such as book exhibitions and cultural performances. Books displayed in the exhibition were philosophical and artistic, which closely met the needs of overseas readers. Overall, this year’s book exhibition presented the newest and ____16____(fine) Chinese publications to local readers so that they could better understand China in the new era.
【答案】14．whose 15．carried 16．finest
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以“读中国”为主题的第十三届中国图书展，并且介绍了活动内容及展出书目等详细情况。
14．考查定语从句。句意：今年，以“读中国”为主题的第十三届中国图书展于1月24日在全球85家书店举行。分析句子可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少定语，因此需使用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
15．考查时态。句意：此次图书展将会开展书展、文艺演出等多种活动。分析句子可知，空处与主语it构成主动关系且陈述过去事实，因此可使用过去式。故填carried。
16．考查形容词最高级。句意：总的来说，今年的书展向当地读者展示了最新、最好的中国出版物，让他们更好地了解新时代的中国。由并列连词and和the newest（最新的）可知，空处应使用形容词最高级。故填finest。
C
It’s said that for the Englishman, his house is his castle. However, this does not mean that his house is a beautiful palace that others ____17____ (invite) to see. For the British, the home is a place to protect oneself from the outside world. It’s a private place in which he goes to hide away ____18____ the troubles of life. To the American, the home is an expression of ____19____ (he). Much money is often spent on each and every room ____20____ (create) the right “feel” according to the person’s lifestyle. Therefore, he is happy to show his house to others.
【答案】17．are invited 18．from 19．himself 20．to create
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“房屋”对英国人和美国人分别意味着什么。
17．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：然而，这并不意味着他的房子是一个美丽的宫殿，其他人都会被邀请来参观。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语others与invite为动宾关系，表示“被邀请”，故需要用到被动语态；文章为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态。故填are invited。
18．考查介词。句意：这是他躲避生活烦恼的私人场所。结合句意，表示“躲避”为固定短语hide away from。故填from。
19．考查反身代词。句意：对于美国人来说，房屋就是表达他自己的一种方式。结合句意可知，空处需要填反身代词表示“美国人自己”；根据谓语动词is和宾语an expression可知，此处反身代词需要用单数形式，在性别有男有女时，用himself代指。故填himself。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：通常会在每个房间都花很多钱，以根据人们的生活方式来创造一种合适的“感觉”。分析句子结构，谓语动词为is spent，故空处需要填非谓语的形式；结合句意，表示“来……”为目的，故用to do不定式的形式。故填to create。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
To help new students, the International Business Institute (IBI) plans to set up a buddy (伙伴) peer support project. The project will help new students meet current students at IBI who can provide them with some friendly company during their first months in Newcastle and help them with any small problems that they may have.
What’s in it for you?
We believe that being a buddy will be rewarding in several ways. As a volunteer, it will be personally satisfying to know that you are able to help new students. It will also help you make contacts that may be valuable in your future academic and professional lives. If you are an overseas student, it will give you another opportunity to practise speaking English.
Responsibilities of buddies
·Telephone and arrange to make contact with the new student.
·Meet the student and show him/her around the campus and the local area. Answer questions about living in Newcastle and administration procedures at IBI.
·Arrange to meet the new student one morning or afternoon one weekend early in the semester, and take the student to places that you enjoy in Newcastle.
·Be prepared to take phone calls from the new student to answer further questions that he/she may have from time to time. Meet to explain information to the new student in person, if required.
·You will be matched to an individual new student. However, if you have friends who are also buddies, you might prefer to form a support group together. This would mean that you meet the new students as a group rather than one-on-one.
·Being a buddy is voluntary. There is no “requirement” to provide assistance beyond the help outlined above.
Please note that if you agree to become a peer support buddy, you will be expected to fulfil your role conscientiously and cheerfully. It will be important to be considerate and reliable so that the student can feel confident in your support.
21．According to the passage, what benefit can you get from being a buddy?
A．You can learn how to be a confident person.
B．It is easy for you to find some friendly company.
C．You can be rewarded with both money and prizes.
D．It may be helpful for your future studies and career.
22．As a buddy, you need to ________.
A．form a support group with other volunteers at IBI
B．provide assistance in studying each subject after class
C．meet the new student every morning early in the semester
D．help the new student get familiar with his or her surroundings
23．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To introduce campus life for new students.
B．To attract potential volunteers to be peer supporters.
C．To offer an opportunity to practise speaking English.
D．To provide some information about studying overseas.
【答案】21．D 22．D 23．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立的‘帮助伙伴项目’的好处以及其成员的责任。
21．细节理解题。根据What’s in it for you?部分中“It will also help you make contacts that may be valuable in your future academic and professional lives.(它还会帮助你建立对你未来的学术和职业生涯有价值的联系)”可知，成为伙伴帮助者可能对你未来的学习和职业有帮助。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据Responsibilities of buddies部分第二点中“Meet the student and show him/her around the campus and the local area.(与学生见面，并带他/她参观校园和当地地区)”可知，作为一名伙伴帮助者，你需要帮助新生熟悉环境。故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“To help new students, the International Business Institute (IBI) plans to set up a buddy (伙伴) peer support project.(为了帮助新生，国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立‘帮助伙伴项目’)”可知，文章主要介绍了国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立的‘帮助伙伴项目’的好处以及其成员的责任，目的是吸引潜在的志愿者成为伙伴帮助者。故选B。
B
I was four when Dad first showed me how to skim stones, a game in which one throws smooth flat stones into a river to make them jump across the surface. I’d pass hours on beaches with my brother, picking up muddy stones and skimming them. It was satisfying making them dance on the surface. That perfect skim, where the stone glided (滑行), brought me fantastic feelings-and still does. I was a competitive child and good at throwing. I enjoyed javelin (标枪) and was on a baseball team, but skimming stones was just for fun.
In adulthood, things changed. In August 2017, an advertisement for the All England Open Stone Skimming Championships drew my attention. I signed up and paid £2 for three stones. I skimmed 28 metres and tried again and again, buying more stones to feed my desire, finally reaching 37 metres, which won me third place. I drove home excitedly, and £ 20 lighter.
I returned to the 2018 championship, hoping for a champion. Walking on to the small throwing platform in my trainers, I threw a decent 44 metres and won. I spotted someone wearing a competition sweater with “World” written across it. “Where’s that?” I asked and he told me about the annual World Stone Skimming Championships in Scotland.
It was a month away and a six-hour drive. I thought about the cost and distance for weeks until, the day before the contest, the feeling of winning made a decision for me. “I’m going. ”I arrived at a hotel at 10 pm, but couldn’t sleep for nerves and excitement. Early the next morning, I drove to the crossing where the competitors had begun waiting. Ropes and buoys (浮标) marked a 63-metre couarse. I had no idea if my best score was good enough to win. When my name was called at the prize-giving ceremony that afternoon, I was overjoyed. I was the women’s world champion.
I’m a big believer in giving things a go. I’m 42, and to become a world champion at this stage is pretty left-field. It showed me it was worth jumping in the car that day, and proof that a childhood spent throwing muddy stones from beaches wasn’t wasted.
24．What did the author enjoy about the stone skimming as a child?
A．The competitiveness of the sport.
B．The outstanding ability at throwing.
C．The satisfaction the glide of the stone brings.
D．The fun time she spent with her dad at the beach.
25．What mainly helped the author all the way through every championship?
A．Her discipline.
B．Her desire to win.
C．Her confidence.
D．Her efforts on training.
26．What can we conclude from the passage?
A．Take it easy in face of challenges.
B．Change the world by being yourself.
C．A bigger stage is ready for those who try.
D．Either I will find a way, or I will make one.
【答案】24．C 25．B 26．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者小时候撇石头的经历帮助作者获得了很多锦标赛大奖。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“It was satisfying making them dance on the surface. That perfect skim, where the stone glided (滑行)，brought me fantastic feelings-and still does.（让他们在水面上跳舞是一种满足。石头滑过的那一段完美的飞掠，给我带来了奇妙的感觉——现在仍然如此。）可知，作者小时候喜欢撇石头是因为石头滑过带来的满足感。故选C项。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段“I returned to the 2018 championship, hoping for a champion.”（我重返2018年的锦标赛，希望能获得冠军）和倒数第二段“the feeling of winning made a decision for me.”（胜利的感觉让我做了一个决定）可知，对胜利的渴望帮助作者赢得了每一个冠军。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’m a big believer in giving things a go. I’m 42, and to become a world champion at this stage is pretty left-field. It showed me it was worth jumping in the car that day-and proof that a childhood spent throwing muddy stones from beaches wasn’t wasted.”（我坚信凡事都要试一试。我已经42岁了，在这个阶段成为世界冠军是相当不可能的。它告诉我，那天跳进车里是值得的，也证明了从海滩上扔泥石的童年没有浪费。）可知，短文叙述了作者小时候撇石头的经历帮助作者获得了很多锦标赛大奖。所以能推理出更大的舞台已经为那些敢于尝试的人准备好了。故选C项。
C
We’ve heard for years that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. But, it actually might be even more important than previously thought, according to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which examined the effects of skipping meals and meal frequency as related to mortality (死亡率) and heart health.
The study, which was published in August of last year, sought to find out if eating behaviors like meal frequency, meal skipping, and time between meals were associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
The study consisted of 24,011 adults 40 years or older who participated from 1999 to 2014. Researchers looked at various eating behaviors of participants who self-reported their eating habits every 24 hours. Causes of death were tracked via death records through December 31, 2015.
After examining participants throughout the years, researchers found that certain eating behaviors were in fact linked to higher rates of premature death. Eating only one meal per day was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality while skipping breakfast was linked to an increased risk of CVD mortality, and skipping lunch or dinner was linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Lastly, the study found that having meals too closely together (less than four and half hours apart) was also linked to all-cause premature death.
So, what does this mean for the average person? “At the end of the day what matters is that an individual can meet their nutritional needs for optimal (最佳) health,” explains Keri Gans, author of The Small Change Diet, “and breakfast typically is a good vehicle for nutrients associated with a decrease in cardiovascular risk, such as fiber and vitamins”. “If by eliminating meals they are missing out on important nutrients their body needs, then long term that can be harmful to their health,” leads to a “higher risk for certain cancers and heart disease,” she says.
While this study was large and comprehensive in many ways, there are also many limitations. It was mostly based on a 24-hour, self-reported dietary recall, “which may not always be the best method for dietary assessment,” explains Gans. “The participants may not accurately recall what they ate or honestly report it leading to the potential of misinformation.” Researchers noted that it was impossible to consider the role of sleep in the relationship between food and mortality, as well as a host of other unmeasured factors.
The bottom line is that while these findings about the relationships between meal skipping and mortality are important, there are a lot more factors that go into premature death.
27．What are mainly discussed in Paragraphs 3 and 4?
A．Research process and findings B．The cause and findings
C．Research subjects and purpose D．The topic and significance
28．What does the underlined word “eliminating” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?
A．Reducing. B．Overeating. C．Skipping. D．Consuming.
29．What can we infer from the study?
A．Its limitations are fully taken into account in the study.
B．Consuming adequate nutrients is the key to maintain overall health.
C．The risk of all-cause premature death is unrelated to skipping dinner.
D．Researchers learned about eating behaviors by observing the participants.
30．What is the author’s attitude towards skipping breakfast?
A．Favorable. B．Unconcerned. C．Skeptical. D．Disapproving.
【答案】27．A 28．C 29．B 30．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述我们一直听说早餐是一天中最重要的一餐。根据发表在《营养与饮食学会杂志》上的一项研究，它实际上可能比之前想象的更重要。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段内容“The study consisted of 24,011 adults 40 years or older who participated from 1999 to 2014. Researchers looked at various eating behaviors of participants who self-reported their eating habits every 24 hours. Causes of death were tracked via death records through December 31, 2015.( 这项研究包括24011名40岁以上的成年人，他们在1999年至2014年期间参与了这项研究。研究人员观察了参与者的各种饮食行为，这些参与者每24小时自我报告一次他们的饮食习惯。通过截至2015年12月31日的死亡记录追踪死亡原因)”可知，本段讲述研究过程，和第四段内容“After examining participants throughout the years, researchers found that certain eating behaviors were in fact linked to higher rates of premature death. Eating only one meal per day was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality while skipping breakfast was linked to an increased risk of CVD mortality, and skipping lunch or dinner was linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Lastly, the study found that having meals too closely together (less than four and half hours apart) was also linked to all-cause premature death.(在对参与者进行了多年的研究后，研究人员发现，某些饮食行为实际上与更高的过早死亡率有关。每天只吃一顿饭与全因和心血管疾病死亡风险增加有关，而不吃早餐与心血管疾病死亡风险增加有关，不吃午餐或晚餐与全因死亡风险增加有关。最后，研究发现，进餐时间过近(间隔不到四个半小时)也与全因过早死亡有关)”可知，本段讲述研究发现，因此可知，三、四两段讲述研究过程和发现。故选A。
28．词义猜测题。根据前文“breakfast typically is a good vehicle for nutrients associated with a decrease in cardiovascular risk, such as fiber and vitamins(早餐通常是降低心血管疾病风险的营养物质的良好载体，比如纤维和维生素)”和下文“they are missing out on important nutrients their body needs, then long term that can be harmful to their health,” leads to a “higher risk for certain cancers and heart disease(他们失去了身体所需的重要营养物质，长此以往会对健康有害，“导致”患某些癌症和心脏病的风险更高)”可推断，早餐提供纤维和维生素，降低患心血管疾病的风险，下文说到错过了身体所需的重要物质，会导致患癌症和心脏病的奉献增高，因此推断划线部分表示：如果不吃早餐，划线词与C项“不做（应做的事等）”意思相近。故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据第五段的““At the end of the day what matters is that an individual can meet their nutritional needs for optimal (最佳) health,” explains Keri Gans(“在一天结束的时候，重要的是一个人能够满足他们对最佳健康的营养需求，”Keri Gans解释说)”可推断，摄入足够的营养是保持整体健康的关键。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据第一段的“We’ve heard for years that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. But, it actually might be even more important than previously thought, according to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which examined the effects of skipping meals and meal frequency as related to mortality (死亡率) and heart health.( 多年来，我们一直听说早餐是一天中最重要的一餐。但是，根据发表在《营养与饮食学会杂志》上的一项研究，它实际上可能比我们之前想象的更重要，该研究调查了不吃饭和吃饭频率与死亡率和心脏健康的关系)”可知，作者认为早餐比我们想象中更重要，因此推断作者对于不吃早餐是反对的，故选D。
D
Many of us may experience dinner-table debates. One common scene plays out as follows. You want to convince a friend or a family member of something you know they may disagree, and you share information and walk through your reasoning with them. Still, they reject your case. How do you react when your powers of persuasion fail? You might dismiss the person who doesn’t agree with your arguments as narrow-minded, foolish or otherwise out of touch with reality. The whole experience may feel like trying to guide someone on a journey when they refuse to follow. Psychologists have created a term, persuasion fatigue, to describe this form of frustration (懊恼).
Persuasion fatigue may make it harder to successfully keep challenging conversations. Past research demonstrates that feeling frustrated can make you more resistant to changing your mind. It also shows that frustration may reduce your ability to recognize why your arguments don’t succeed. Persuasion fatigue also explains why, when debates break down, people tend to blame their conversational opponent. As Mark Twain once wrote, “In all matters of opinion, our opponents are insane (愚蠢的).” In past findings, people generally reported three times as many reasons why others’ faults led to failed debates rather than their own shortcomings. It is true that others are not always open to your ideas. Ending the discussion can therefore be the right thing to do. But in an overheated debate, your fatigue may lead you to misinterpret the situation and believe that your opponent is too stupid to see the truth. Fortunately, psychologists suggest some sound approaches to managing these situations and protecting your relationships.
To reach your audience, it may be essential to express your message in terms of their values, not yours. Psychologists call this “moral reframing.” In fact, researches suggest that the simple act of acknowledging values of the people you’re talking to — telling them you understand where they’re coming from, even if you don’t agree—may lead them to lower their defenses and open up a little to new arguments.
Your fatigue may be even worse by thinking or assuming that debate is a zero-sum struggle — that you win if, and only if, your opponent loses. But sometimes you’re better off seeing an argument as a cooperative effort to find the truth — less like angry neighbours fighting over their property line. The neighbours map land together by viewing it from multiple angles. Similarly, debates can help you triangulate a view between your opinion and the other person’s.
The tendency to blame others for exhausting debates has real consequences. In our exhaustion, we may fail to see when our frustrations stem from a deep desire for connection. Recognizing persuasion fatigue—and how we contribute to it—may help us pass through heated debates without leaving those we love behind.
31．People may experience persuasion fatigue when they _________.
A．try in vain to convince others B．misinterpret others’ reasoning
C．adopt others’ views unwillingly D．try to persuade narrow-minded people
32．Which is the possible consequence of persuasion fatigue?
A．One can’t stick to his point of view.
B．One admits his limits and weaknesses.
C．One can’t get to the root of failed debates.
D．One feels incompetent for further arguments.
33．Why does the author quote Mark Twain in the passage?
A．To stress the effect of changing others’ mind.
B．To confirm the difficulty of winning an argument.
C．To explain the reason for one’s ending an argument.
D．To support the idea of one’s tendency to blame others.
34．Which is the recommended solution to managing persuasion fatigue?
A．Seeing a debate as a zero-sum game.
B．Making an effort for common ground.
C．Shifting the topic to lower others’ defenses.
D．Reframing points based on one’s own values.
【答案】31．A 32．C 33．D 34．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种现象——说服疲劳，分析了其产生的原因，并介绍了解决的方法。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“You want to convince a friend or a family member of something you know they may disagree, and you share information and walk through your reasoning with them. Still, they reject your case. How do you react when your powers of persuasion fail? You might dismiss the person who doesn’t agree with your arguments as narrow-minded, foolish or otherwise out of touch with reality. The whole experience may feel like trying to guide someone on a journey when they refuse to follow. Psychologists have created a term, persuasion fatigue, to describe this form of frustration(懊恼).(你想说服你的朋友或家人，你知道他们可能不同意，你分享信息，并与他们解释你的理由。尽管如此，他们还是拒绝了你的申请。当你的说服力失效时，你会作何反应？你可能会认为不同意你观点的人心胸狭窄、愚蠢或与现实脱节。整个经历可能就像在别人拒绝跟随的时候试图引导他们旅行。心理学家创造了一个术语，说服疲劳，来描述这种形式的懊恼。)”可知，说服疲劳指的是当你尽力说服对方，却发现一切努力都是徒劳的时候所产生的懊恼感。故选A。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Past research demonstrates that feeling frustrated can make you more resistant to changing your mind. It also shows that frustration may reduce your ability to recognize why your arguments don’t succeed.(过去的研究表明，感到沮丧会让你更不愿意改变主意。它还表明，沮丧可能会降低你认识到为什么你的论点不成功的能力。)”可知，这种沮丧感会让你不愿意改变主意，也会让你无法认清自己的说服不成功的真实的原因。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据文中所引用的马克·吐温所说的话的前一句“Persuasion fatigue also explains why, when debates break down, people tend to blame their conversational opponent.(说服疲劳也解释了为什么当辩论破裂时，人们倾向于指责他们的对话对手。)”以及马克·吐温所说的话“In all matters of opinion, our opponents are insane(愚蠢的).(在所有的观点问题上，我们的对手都是愚蠢的)”可知，作者引用马克·吐温所说的话是为了论证自己的观点，也就是当辩论不成功时，人们倾向于指责自己的谈话对方。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But sometimes you’re better off seeing an argument as a cooperative effort to find the truth—less like angry neighbours fighting over their property line. (但有时，你最好把争论看作是一种寻找真相的合作努力，而不是像愤怒的邻居为他们的财产线而争吵一样。)”可知，在处理说服疲劳时，我们可以把争论视作寻找共同点。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项
为多余选项。
Has anyone ever told you, “Stand up straight!” or scolded you for sitting lazily at a family dinner? Comments like that might be annoying, but they’re not wrong.
____35____ It is the foundation for every movement your body makes, and can determine how well your body adapts to the stresses on it. These stresses can be things like carrying weight, or sitting in an awkward position. ____36____
If your posture isn’t good enough, your muscles have to work harder to keep you upright and balanced. Some muscles will become tight and inflexible. ____37____ It increases the likelihood of accidents, and makes some organs, like your lungs, less efficient.
So what does good posture look like? If you’re sitting, your neck should be vertical, not tilted forward. Your shoulders should be relaxed with your arms close to your trunk. Your knees should be at a right angle with your feet flat on the floor. But what if your posture can’t be that great? ____38____ For example, adjust your screen so it’s at or slightly below eye level. Make sure all parts of your body, like your elbows and wrists, are supported.
It’s also not enough to just have good posture. Keeping your muscles and joints moving is extremely important. In fact, being still for long periods with good posture can be worse than regular movement with bad posture. ____39____ And be sure to exercise. Using your muscles will keep them strong enough to support you effectively, on top of all the other benefits to your joints, bones, brain and heart.
A．Try redesigning your environment.
B．You adjust your body unless you feel tired.
C．So if you sit a lot, get up and move around on occasion.
D．And the big one that we all experience every day is gravity.
E．Besides, poor posture leads to extra wear and tear on your joints.
F．Posture can even influence your emotional state and your sensitivity to pain.
G．Your posture refers to the way you hold your body when you’re sitting or standing.
【答案】35．G 36．D 37．E 38．A 39．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了站姿和坐姿不正确的危害以及调整方式。
35．根据空后“It is the foundation for every movement your body makes, and can determine how well your body adapts to the stresses on it.（它是你身体所有动作的基础，并且能决定你的身体对压力的适应程度。）”可知，空后的it指代的是G项“你的姿势是你坐着或站着的时候你支撑身体的方式。”中的your posture，本空介绍了什么是你的姿势，空后说明姿势的功能，故选G项。
36．根据空前“These stresses can be things like carrying weight, or sitting in an awkward position.（这些压力可以是负重或坐在一个不舒服的位置。）”可知，空前介绍了身体所承受压力有负重和坐在不舒服的位置，故D项“我们每天承受的最大压力就是重力”符合，本空进一步介绍我们每天要承受的压力还有重力，故选D项。
37．根据空前“Some muscles will become tight and inflexible.(一些肌肉会变得紧，变得僵硬。)”可知，E项“而且，不良的姿势会对你的关节造成额外的磨损。”是空前的顺义承接，空前提出了不良姿势会让身体肌肉变得紧，变得僵硬，本空的“Besides”，进一步说明不良姿势会造成关节的额外磨损，故选E项。
38．根据空前“But what if your posture can’t be that great?(但是，如果你的姿势不可能那么好呢？)”和空后“For example, adjust your screen so it’s at or slightly below eye level. Make sure all parts of your body, like your elbows and wrists, are supported.(例如，调整屏幕，使其处于或略低于眼镜水平。确保你的身体的所有部位，如肘部和手腕，都得到支撑。)”可知，空前提出问题，空后举例说明要调整屏幕，故A项“试着重新调整你的环境”符合，如果姿势不能那么好，那就选择调整环境你，故选A项。
39．根据空前“In fact, being still for long periods with good posture can be worse than regular movement with bad posture.(事实上，以良好的姿势长时间静止可能比以不良姿势进行有规律的运动更糟糕。)”可知，空前提出了良好姿势的长时间静止比以不良姿势运动更糟糕，故C项“因此，如果你经常坐着，偶尔要站起来走动一下”符合，空前提出了长时间静止对身体并不好，故要偶尔站起来走动一下，故选C项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Over the years I have been fascinated to read about studies into the power of touch.
One famous study examined videos of how people responded to those near them who had been the victim of a bad fortune. Researchers looked at their interaction with the victim, and compared this with behaviour in non-human primates (灵长类动物). It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way. It makes sense for me that offering hugs to calm victims may be an instinct that we got from primate ancestors.
Another study found that when the husband or wife of a patient in sorrow or discomfort reaches out and holds their hand and, as if by magic, they become settled and less sorrowful. Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised, as we have known for many years about the importance of touch. It symbolizes safety and love, and this is actually one of the most important aspects for development as a child. Is it any wonder that, when we are upset and distressed as adults, we seek out the same things? Whether young or old, humans are wired to be touched.
Nevertheless, many people today suffer from “touch hunger”, which typically occurs when a person experiences little touch or contact for a long time. It serves as a warning that the sense of security and care that comes with the contact of touch is missing. Thus, their well-being can suffer. It is associated with greater stress, anxiety and loneliness, and lower-quality sleep.
Actually, even the briefest touch from us can bring strong emotional experiences to the receivers who suffer from “touch hunger”. A warm handshake, a gentle pat on the shoulder, or a high-five is often enough to convey love and care.
Be a giver!
40．What did the first study find about touch?
____________________________________________________________
41．Why is touch important?
____________________________________________________________
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Touch has the great power to give people who suffer from “touch hunger“ strong emotional experiences, but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care.
____________________________________________________________
43．Apart from touch, what other way(s) do you often use to express your love and care in your life?(In about 40 words)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】40．It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way. 41．It symbolizes safety and love which are important to both children and adults. 42．but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care.
Even a brief touch like a handshake is enough to convey love and care. 43．(1) I often write notes to people I love. For example, I often write notes to remind my family to put on their coats on cold days, expressing my care and love. When reading the warm Words, they feel loved and cared.
(2) I often have little conversations with my loved ones. Talking with my parents after sch1ool can help relieve their tiredness from work. Besides, I prepare gifts for them on special occasions. The handmade gifts convey my appreciation for what they have done for me.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，触摸给人带来安全感；当人们难过时，触摸给人以安慰和安定的感觉。
40．细节理解题。根据第二段前三句“One famous study examined videos of how people responded to those near them who had been the victim of a bad fortune. Researchers looked at their interaction with the victim, and compared this with behaviour in non-human primates (灵长类动物). It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way.(一项著名的研究调查了人们如何回应他们附近遭遇不幸的人的视频。研究人员观察了它们与受害者的互动，并与非人类灵长类动物的行为进行了比较(灵长类动物)。研究发现，人类和灵长类动物以类似的方式相互安慰并表现出关心。)”可知，研究发现，人类和灵长类动物以类似的方式相互安慰并表现出关心。故答案为It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way.
41．推理判断题。根据第三段前三句“Another study found that when the husband or wife of a patient in sorrow or discomfort reaches out and holds their hand and, as if by magic, they become settled and less sorrowful. Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised, as we have known for many years about the importance of touch. It symbolizes safety and love, and this is actually one of the most important aspects for development as a child. (另一项研究发现，当悲伤或不适的病人的丈夫或妻子伸出手握住他们的手时，就像魔法一样，他们会安定下来，悲伤也会减少。也许我们不应该感到惊讶，因为我们多年来一直知道触摸的重要性。它象征着安全和爱，这实际上是孩子成长过程中最重要的方面之一。)”可知，触摸象征着安全和爱，这对儿童和成人都很重要。故答案为It symbolizes safety and love which are important to both children and adults.
42．细节理解题。根据倒数第二端“Actually, even the briefest touch from us can bring strong emotional experiences to the receivers who suffer from “touch hunger”. A warm handshake, a gentle pat on the shoulder, or a high-five is often enough to convey love and care.(其实，即使是我们最简单的触碰，也能给“触碰饥饿”的受者带来强烈的情感体验。一个温暖的握手，轻轻拍一下肩膀，或者一个击掌，都足以传达爱和关心。)”可知，即使是一个简单的握手，也能传达爱和关心，因此所给句子中后半部分“but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care”是错的。故答案为：错误部分：but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care. 原因：Even a brief touch like a handshake is enough to convey love and care.
43．开放题。言之有理即可。例如：除了触摸，我们可以写温暖的字条来鼓励或提醒别人，让他们感到温暖；我们也可以和别人进行简短的对话，嘘寒问暖；我们也可以送别人小礼物来表达我们的关心。40词以内。故答案为：(1) I often write notes to people I love. For example, I often write notes to remind my family to put on their coats on cold days, expressing my care and love. When reading the warm Words, they feel loved and cared.或(2) I often have little conversations with my loved ones. Talking with my parents after sch1ool can help relieve their tiredness from work. Besides, I prepare gifts for them on special occasions. The handmade gifts convey my appreciation for what they have done for me.
第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华。下周将有一个英国的学生代表团来你校进行为期两天的交流访问，你将作为学生代表致词。请你用英文写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1.表示欢迎；
2.简要介绍主要活动安排；
3.表达美好祝愿。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear friends,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hope you enjoy your stay here! Thank you!
【答案】Dear friends,
Welcome to our school. I am Li Hua, Chairman of the Student Union. On behalf of my school, I will introduce the main arrangements for the following two days.
As scheduled, on the first day, we would like to invite you to take a tour of our campus, through which you will get a general idea of our school. In the afternoon, you can take part in various activities such as paper cutting and calligraphy to experience traditional Chinese culture in person. On the second day, we will take you to the Forbidden City, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
Hope you enjoy your stay here! Thank you!
【导语】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生写一篇发言稿，向来校交流的英国的学生代表团表示欢迎，并介绍活动安排。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
代表：On behalf of→ represent
参加：take part in→ join in/get involved in
各种各样的：various→ a variety of/varieties of
惊讶的：amazed→ surprised/astonished
2.句式拓展：
同义句转换
原句：On the second day, we will take you to the Forbidden City, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
拓展句：Then followed the trip to the Forbidden City on the second day, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
As scheduled, on the first day, we would like to invite you to take a tour of our campus, through which you will get a general idea of our school.（运用了介词+which引导非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】
On the second day, we will take you to the Forbidden City, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.（运用了名词作同位语和where引导非限制性定语从句。）
2023年高考英语第三次模拟考试卷
英语·全解全析
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5份，共15份）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
I glanced to my left and right as I got ready at the starting line. The sight of other competitors who had confident and fierce-looking faces got me goose bumps and I was even more ___1___ than before.
“On your mark, get set... Go!” shouted the race official. I pushed myself forward with all my ___2___ and started running as though a pride of man-eating lions were coming after me. As I ran, I could see the other competitors catching up with me. All of a sudden, I fell down on my knees. A hundred pairs of eyes bored into me, watching me ___3___ to get up. But no matter how hard I tried, I just could not do it.
“No, it cannot end like this. I have to ___4___ this race.” I thought to myself. However, the pain from my injury was so unbearable that I felt totally ___5___. I really wanted to give up.
Out of despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind competitor ___6___ her hand to me.
“Thank you...” I whispered ___7___ as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up.
She lent me her shoulder for support, and I ___8___ forward. The crowd cheered at this brilliant display of ___9___. Together, both of us crossed the finishing line.
Even though I never got the chance to learn her name, I will always remember her as the one who stepped forward to help me when I was in _____10_____.
1．A．tired B．confused C．nervous D．regretful
2．A．joy B．might C．trouble D．shame
3．A．attempt B．hesitate C．wait D．pretend
4．A．organize B．evaluate C．appreciate D．complete
5．A．defeated B．inspired C．shocked D．relaxed
6．A．waved B．extended C．showed D．pointed
7．A．proudly B．cautiously C．awkwardly D．gratefully
8．A．moved B．fell C．bent D．looked
9．A．partnership B．sportsmanship C．leadership D．friendship
10．A．anger B．doubt C．need D．silence
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．C
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在一次跑步比赛中，摔倒了，膝盖的疼痛让作者无法继续前进。就在作者感到绝望时，旁边的选手停下来，搀扶着作者走向终点线。这让作者很是感动，并会永远记住这个在他需要帮助时，及时向他伸出援助之手的人。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看着旁边充满自信且表情凶神恶煞的其他竞争者，我感到浑身起鸡皮疙瘩，我比之前更加紧张。A. tired疲惫的；B. confused困惑的；C. nervous紧张的；D. regretful后悔的。根据前文“The sight of other competitors who had confident and fierce-looking faces got me goose bumps”可知，此处指作者看着旁边的人充满自信感到更加紧张，故选C。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用尽全身力气向前冲，尽管后面一群吃人的狮子紧跟在我后面。A. joy高兴，喜悦；B. might强大力量，威力；C. trouble困难；D. shame羞愧。根据后文“and started running”可知，此处指我用尽全身强大的力量先前冲，故选B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一百双眼睛盯着我看，看我努力试图爬起来。A. attempt企图，努力；B. hesitate犹豫；C. wait等待；D. pretend假装。根据前文“All of a sudden, I fell down on my knees.”可知，此处指我在赛跑时摔倒了，故努力试图爬起来，故填A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心里想：“不，不能就这样结束了。我必须完成这次比赛”。A. organize组织；B. evaluate评估，评价；C. appreciate欣赏，感激；D. complete完成。根据前文“No, it cannot end like this.”可知，此处指不能就这样结束，我必须完成这次比赛，故选D。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，我膝盖上的疼痛如此无法忍受，以至于我感觉很泄气。A. defeated泄气的，受挫的；B. inspired受到鼓舞的；C. shocked震惊的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“However, the pain from my injury was so unbearable ”以及后文“I really wanted to give up.”可知，此处指我想放弃，因此我是感觉很泄气的，故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，一个善良的竞争者向我伸出了手。A. waved挥手；B. extended延伸，伸出；C. showed展示；D. pointed指向。根据后文“as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up”可知，此处指她向我伸出手，故选B。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我抓住她的手，她把我拉起来的时候，我感激地说着“谢谢你”。A. proudly骄傲地；B. cautiously谨慎地；C. awkwardly尴尬地；D. gratefully感激地。根据前文“a kind competitor 6 her hand to me.”可知，此处指我很感激那个向我伸出手的竞争者，因此是感激地说着谢谢，故选D。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把肩膀借给我支撑，我向前移动。A. moved移动；B. fell摔，落；C. bent弯腰；D. looked看。根据后文“Together, both of us crossed the finishing line.”可知，此处指我支撑着她的肩膀，向终点线移动，故选A。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：观众为这种杰出的体育精神而欢呼。A. partnership合伙，合作关系；B. sportsmanship体育精神；C. leadership领导才能；D. friendship友谊。根据前文“Together, both of us crossed the finishing line.”可知，此处指我在比赛中摔倒了，旁边的人扶着我走向终点，这是一种体育精神，故选B。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我不知道她的名字，但我将永远记得她，因为她是在我有需要时，走上前来帮助我的那个人。A. anger怒气；B. doubt疑惑；C. need需要；D. silence沉默。根据前文“Out of despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind competitor 6 her hand to me.”可知，此处指她在我需要帮助时，向我伸出了援助之手，故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
When I was seven years old, I caught a cold and had to stay at home. My parents had to work, so my neighbor came over to look after me. She read many different books to me ____11____ (patient), including adventures set in ancient times, travel stories, family dramas, historical novels, etc. To my joy, ____12____ (listen) to each book made me feel like watching a movie, but better because books gave much more details than movies. She started my interest in reading. Next year, after graduating from college, I ____13____ (have) a job teaching English. I hope that I can transfer the love of reading to my students.
【答案】11．patiently 12．listening 13．will have##am going to have
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候，邻居激发了作者的阅读兴趣。
11．考查副词。句意：她耐心地给我读了很多不同的书，包括古代冒险故事、旅行故事、家庭剧、历史小说等。修饰动词，用副词形式。故填patiently。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：让我高兴的是，每听一本书都让我感觉像在看电影，但更好，因为书比电影提供了更多的细节。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填listening。
13．考查时态。句意：明年，大学毕业后，我将有一份教英语的工作。根据时间状语Next year可知，用一般将来时。故填will have/am going to have。
B
This year, the 13th Spring Festival Joint Exhibition of Chinese Books, ____14____ theme was “Reading China”, was held on January 24th in 85 bookstores worldwide. It ____15____(carry) out a variety of activities such as book exhibitions and cultural performances. Books displayed in the exhibition were philosophical and artistic, which closely met the needs of overseas readers. Overall, this year’s book exhibition presented the newest and ____16____(fine) Chinese publications to local readers so that they could better understand China in the new era.
【答案】14．whose 15．carried 16．finest
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以“读中国”为主题的第十三届中国图书展，并且介绍了活动内容及展出书目等详细情况。
14．考查定语从句。句意：今年，以“读中国”为主题的第十三届中国图书展于1月24日在全球85家书店举行。分析句子可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少定语，因此需使用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
15．考查时态。句意：此次图书展将会开展书展、文艺演出等多种活动。分析句子可知，空处与主语it构成主动关系且陈述过去事实，因此可使用过去式。故填carried。
16．考查形容词最高级。句意：总的来说，今年的书展向当地读者展示了最新、最好的中国出版物，让他们更好地了解新时代的中国。由并列连词and和the newest（最新的）可知，空处应使用形容词最高级。故填finest。
C
It’s said that for the Englishman, his house is his castle. However, this does not mean that his house is a beautiful palace that others ____17____ (invite) to see. For the British, the home is a place to protect oneself from the outside world. It’s a private place in which he goes to hide away ____18____ the troubles of life. To the American, the home is an expression of ____19____ (he). Much money is often spent on each and every room ____20____ (create) the right “feel” according to the person’s lifestyle. Therefore, he is happy to show his house to others.
【答案】17．are invited 18．from 19．himself 20．to create
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“房屋”对英国人和美国人分别意味着什么。
17．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：然而，这并不意味着他的房子是一个美丽的宫殿，其他人都会被邀请来参观。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语others与invite为动宾关系，表示“被邀请”，故需要用到被动语态；文章为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态。故填are invited。
18．考查介词。句意：这是他躲避生活烦恼的私人场所。结合句意，表示“躲避”为固定短语hide away from。故填from。
19．考查反身代词。句意：对于美国人来说，房屋就是表达他自己的一种方式。结合句意可知，空处需要填反身代词表示“美国人自己”；根据谓语动词is和宾语an expression可知，此处反身代词需要用单数形式，在性别有男有女时，用himself代指。故填himself。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：通常会在每个房间都花很多钱，以根据人们的生活方式来创造一种合适的“感觉”。分析句子结构，谓语动词为is spent，故空处需要填非谓语的形式；结合句意，表示“来……”为目的，故用to do不定式的形式。故填to create。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
To help new students, the International Business Institute (IBI) plans to set up a buddy (伙伴) peer support project. The project will help new students meet current students at IBI who can provide them with some friendly company during their first months in Newcastle and help them with any small problems that they may have.
What’s in it for you?
We believe that being a buddy will be rewarding in several ways. As a volunteer, it will be personally satisfying to know that you are able to help new students. It will also help you make contacts that may be valuable in your future academic and professional lives. If you are an overseas student, it will give you another opportunity to practise speaking English.
Responsibilities of buddies
·Telephone and arrange to make contact with the new student.
·Meet the student and show him/her around the campus and the local area. Answer questions about living in Newcastle and administration procedures at IBI.
·Arrange to meet the new student one morning or afternoon one weekend early in the semester, and take the student to places that you enjoy in Newcastle.
·Be prepared to take phone calls from the new student to answer further questions that he/she may have from time to time. Meet to explain information to the new student in person, if required.
·You will be matched to an individual new student. However, if you have friends who are also buddies, you might prefer to form a support group together. This would mean that you meet the new students as a group rather than one-on-one.
·Being a buddy is voluntary. There is no “requirement” to provide assistance beyond the help outlined above.
Please note that if you agree to become a peer support buddy, you will be expected to fulfil your role conscientiously and cheerfully. It will be important to be considerate and reliable so that the student can feel confident in your support.
21．According to the passage, what benefit can you get from being a buddy?
A．You can learn how to be a confident person.
B．It is easy for you to find some friendly company.
C．You can be rewarded with both money and prizes.
D．It may be helpful for your future studies and career.
22．As a buddy, you need to ________.
A．form a support group with other volunteers at IBI
B．provide assistance in studying each subject after class
C．meet the new student every morning early in the semester
D．help the new student get familiar with his or her surroundings
23．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To introduce campus life for new students.
B．To attract potential volunteers to be peer supporters.
C．To offer an opportunity to practise speaking English.
D．To provide some information about studying overseas.
【答案】21．D 22．D 23．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立的‘帮助伙伴项目’的好处以及其成员的责任。
21．细节理解题。根据What’s in it for you?部分中“It will also help you make contacts that may be valuable in your future academic and professional lives.(它还会帮助你建立对你未来的学术和职业生涯有价值的联系)”可知，成为伙伴帮助者可能对你未来的学习和职业有帮助。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据Responsibilities of buddies部分第二点中“Meet the student and show him/her around the campus and the local area.(与学生见面，并带他/她参观校园和当地地区)”可知，作为一名伙伴帮助者，你需要帮助新生熟悉环境。故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“To help new students, the International Business Institute (IBI) plans to set up a buddy (伙伴) peer support project.(为了帮助新生，国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立‘帮助伙伴项目’)”可知，文章主要介绍了国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立的‘帮助伙伴项目’的好处以及其成员的责任，目的是吸引潜在的志愿者成为伙伴帮助者。故选B。
B
I was four when Dad first showed me how to skim stones, a game in which one throws smooth flat stones into a river to make them jump across the surface. I’d pass hours on beaches with my brother, picking up muddy stones and skimming them. It was satisfying making them dance on the surface. That perfect skim, where the stone glided (滑行), brought me fantastic feelings-and still does. I was a competitive child and good at throwing. I enjoyed javelin (标枪) and was on a baseball team, but skimming stones was just for fun.
In adulthood, things changed. In August 2017, an advertisement for the All England Open Stone Skimming Championships drew my attention. I signed up and paid £2 for three stones. I skimmed 28 metres and tried again and again, buying more stones to feed my desire, finally reaching 37 metres, which won me third place. I drove home excitedly, and £ 20 lighter.
I returned to the 2018 championship, hoping for a champion. Walking on to the small throwing platform in my trainers, I threw a decent 44 metres and won. I spotted someone wearing a competition sweater with “World” written across it. “Where’s that?” I asked and he told me about the annual World Stone Skimming Championships in Scotland.
It was a month away and a six-hour drive. I thought about the cost and distance for weeks until, the day before the contest, the feeling of winning made a decision for me. “I’m going. ”I arrived at a hotel at 10 pm, but couldn’t sleep for nerves and excitement. Early the next morning, I drove to the crossing where the competitors had begun waiting. Ropes and buoys (浮标) marked a 63-metre couarse. I had no idea if my best score was good enough to win. When my name was called at the prize-giving ceremony that afternoon, I was overjoyed. I was the women’s world champion.
I’m a big believer in giving things a go. I’m 42, and to become a world champion at this stage is pretty left-field. It showed me it was worth jumping in the car that day, and proof that a childhood spent throwing muddy stones from beaches wasn’t wasted.
24．What did the author enjoy about the stone skimming as a child?
A．The competitiveness of the sport.
B．The outstanding ability at throwing.
C．The satisfaction the glide of the stone brings.
D．The fun time she spent with her dad at the beach.
25．What mainly helped the author all the way through every championship?
A．Her discipline.
B．Her desire to win.
C．Her confidence.
D．Her efforts on training.
26．What can we conclude from the passage?
A．Take it easy in face of challenges.
B．Change the world by being yourself.
C．A bigger stage is ready for those who try.
D．Either I will find a way, or I will make one.
【答案】24．C 25．B 26．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者小时候撇石头的经历帮助作者获得了很多锦标赛大奖。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“It was satisfying making them dance on the surface. That perfect skim, where the stone glided (滑行)，brought me fantastic feelings-and still does.（让他们在水面上跳舞是一种满足。石头滑过的那一段完美的飞掠，给我带来了奇妙的感觉——现在仍然如此。）可知，作者小时候喜欢撇石头是因为石头滑过带来的满足感。故选C项。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段“I returned to the 2018 championship, hoping for a champion.”（我重返2018年的锦标赛，希望能获得冠军）和倒数第二段“the feeling of winning made a decision for me.”（胜利的感觉让我做了一个决定）可知，对胜利的渴望帮助作者赢得了每一个冠军。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’m a big believer in giving things a go. I’m 42, and to become a world champion at this stage is pretty left-field. It showed me it was worth jumping in the car that day-and proof that a childhood spent throwing muddy stones from beaches wasn’t wasted.”（我坚信凡事都要试一试。我已经42岁了，在这个阶段成为世界冠军是相当不可能的。它告诉我，那天跳进车里是值得的，也证明了从海滩上扔泥石的童年没有浪费。）可知，短文叙述了作者小时候撇石头的经历帮助作者获得了很多锦标赛大奖。所以能推理出更大的舞台已经为那些敢于尝试的人准备好了。故选C项。
C
We’ve heard for years that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. But, it actually might be even more important than previously thought, according to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which examined the effects of skipping meals and meal frequency as related to mortality (死亡率) and heart health.
The study, which was published in August of last year, sought to find out if eating behaviors like meal frequency, meal skipping, and time between meals were associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
The study consisted of 24,011 adults 40 years or older who participated from 1999 to 2014. Researchers looked at various eating behaviors of participants who self-reported their eating habits every 24 hours. Causes of death were tracked via death records through December 31, 2015.
After examining participants throughout the years, researchers found that certain eating behaviors were in fact linked to higher rates of premature death. Eating only one meal per day was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality while skipping breakfast was linked to an increased risk of CVD mortality, and skipping lunch or dinner was linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Lastly, the study found that having meals too closely together (less than four and half hours apart) was also linked to all-cause premature death.
So, what does this mean for the average person? “At the end of the day what matters is that an individual can meet their nutritional needs for optimal (最佳) health,” explains Keri Gans, author of The Small Change Diet, “and breakfast typically is a good vehicle for nutrients associated with a decrease in cardiovascular risk, such as fiber and vitamins”. “If by eliminating meals they are missing out on important nutrients their body needs, then long term that can be harmful to their health,” leads to a “higher risk for certain cancers and heart disease,” she says.
While this study was large and comprehensive in many ways, there are also many limitations. It was mostly based on a 24-hour, self-reported dietary recall, “which may not always be the best method for dietary assessment,” explains Gans. “The participants may not accurately recall what they ate or honestly report it leading to the potential of misinformation.” Researchers noted that it was impossible to consider the role of sleep in the relationship between food and mortality, as well as a host of other unmeasured factors.
The bottom line is that while these findings about the relationships between meal skipping and mortality are important, there are a lot more factors that go into premature death.
27．What are mainly discussed in Paragraphs 3 and 4?
A．Research process and findings B．The cause and findings
C．Research subjects and purpose D．The topic and significance
28．What does the underlined word “eliminating” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?
A．Reducing. B．Overeating. C．Skipping. D．Consuming.
29．What can we infer from the study?
A．Its limitations are fully taken into account in the study.
B．Consuming adequate nutrients is the key to maintain overall health.
C．The risk of all-cause premature death is unrelated to skipping dinner.
D．Researchers learned about eating behaviors by observing the participants.
30．What is the author’s attitude towards skipping breakfast?
A．Favorable. B．Unconcerned. C．Skeptical. D．Disapproving.
【答案】27．A 28．C 29．B 30．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述我们一直听说早餐是一天中最重要的一餐。根据发表在《营养与饮食学会杂志》上的一项研究，它实际上可能比之前想象的更重要。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段内容“The study consisted of 24,011 adults 40 years or older who participated from 1999 to 2014. Researchers looked at various eating behaviors of participants who self-reported their eating habits every 24 hours. Causes of death were tracked via death records through December 31, 2015.( 这项研究包括24011名40岁以上的成年人，他们在1999年至2014年期间参与了这项研究。研究人员观察了参与者的各种饮食行为，这些参与者每24小时自我报告一次他们的饮食习惯。通过截至2015年12月31日的死亡记录追踪死亡原因)”可知，本段讲述研究过程，和第四段内容“After examining participants throughout the years, researchers found that certain eating behaviors were in fact linked to higher rates of premature death. Eating only one meal per day was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality while skipping breakfast was linked to an increased risk of CVD mortality, and skipping lunch or dinner was linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Lastly, the study found that having meals too closely together (less than four and half hours apart) was also linked to all-cause premature death.(在对参与者进行了多年的研究后，研究人员发现，某些饮食行为实际上与更高的过早死亡率有关。每天只吃一顿饭与全因和心血管疾病死亡风险增加有关，而不吃早餐与心血管疾病死亡风险增加有关，不吃午餐或晚餐与全因死亡风险增加有关。最后，研究发现，进餐时间过近(间隔不到四个半小时)也与全因过早死亡有关)”可知，本段讲述研究发现，因此可知，三、四两段讲述研究过程和发现。故选A。
28．词义猜测题。根据前文“breakfast typically is a good vehicle for nutrients associated with a decrease in cardiovascular risk, such as fiber and vitamins(早餐通常是降低心血管疾病风险的营养物质的良好载体，比如纤维和维生素)”和下文“they are missing out on important nutrients their body needs, then long term that can be harmful to their health,” leads to a “higher risk for certain cancers and heart disease(他们失去了身体所需的重要营养物质，长此以往会对健康有害，“导致”患某些癌症和心脏病的风险更高)”可推断，早餐提供纤维和维生素，降低患心血管疾病的风险，下文说到错过了身体所需的重要物质，会导致患癌症和心脏病的奉献增高，因此推断划线部分表示：如果不吃早餐，划线词与C项“不做（应做的事等）”意思相近。故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据第五段的““At the end of the day what matters is that an individual can meet their nutritional needs for optimal (最佳) health,” explains Keri Gans(“在一天结束的时候，重要的是一个人能够满足他们对最佳健康的营养需求，”Keri Gans解释说)”可推断，摄入足够的营养是保持整体健康的关键。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据第一段的“We’ve heard for years that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. But, it actually might be even more important than previously thought, according to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which examined the effects of skipping meals and meal frequency as related to mortality (死亡率) and heart health.( 多年来，我们一直听说早餐是一天中最重要的一餐。但是，根据发表在《营养与饮食学会杂志》上的一项研究，它实际上可能比我们之前想象的更重要，该研究调查了不吃饭和吃饭频率与死亡率和心脏健康的关系)”可知，作者认为早餐比我们想象中更重要，因此推断作者对于不吃早餐是反对的，故选D。
D
Many of us may experience dinner-table debates. One common scene plays out as follows. You want to convince a friend or a family member of something you know they may disagree, and you share information and walk through your reasoning with them. Still, they reject your case. How do you react when your powers of persuasion fail? You might dismiss the person who doesn’t agree with your arguments as narrow-minded, foolish or otherwise out of touch with reality. The whole experience may feel like trying to guide someone on a journey when they refuse to follow. Psychologists have created a term, persuasion fatigue, to describe this form of frustration (懊恼).
Persuasion fatigue may make it harder to successfully keep challenging conversations. Past research demonstrates that feeling frustrated can make you more resistant to changing your mind. It also shows that frustration may reduce your ability to recognize why your arguments don’t succeed. Persuasion fatigue also explains why, when debates break down, people tend to blame their conversational opponent. As Mark Twain once wrote, “In all matters of opinion, our opponents are insane (愚蠢的).” In past findings, people generally reported three times as many reasons why others’ faults led to failed debates rather than their own shortcomings. It is true that others are not always open to your ideas. Ending the discussion can therefore be the right thing to do. But in an overheated debate, your fatigue may lead you to misinterpret the situation and believe that your opponent is too stupid to see the truth. Fortunately, psychologists suggest some sound approaches to managing these situations and protecting your relationships.
To reach your audience, it may be essential to express your message in terms of their values, not yours. Psychologists call this “moral reframing.” In fact, researches suggest that the simple act of acknowledging values of the people you’re talking to — telling them you understand where they’re coming from, even if you don’t agree—may lead them to lower their defenses and open up a little to new arguments.
Your fatigue may be even worse by thinking or assuming that debate is a zero-sum struggle — that you win if, and only if, your opponent loses. But sometimes you’re better off seeing an argument as a cooperative effort to find the truth — less like angry neighbours fighting over their property line. The neighbours map land together by viewing it from multiple angles. Similarly, debates can help you triangulate a view between your opinion and the other person’s.
The tendency to blame others for exhausting debates has real consequences. In our exhaustion, we may fail to see when our frustrations stem from a deep desire for connection. Recognizing persuasion fatigue—and how we contribute to it—may help us pass through heated debates without leaving those we love behind.
31．People may experience persuasion fatigue when they _________.
A．try in vain to convince others B．misinterpret others’ reasoning
C．adopt others’ views unwillingly D．try to persuade narrow-minded people
32．Which is the possible consequence of persuasion fatigue?
A．One can’t stick to his point of view.
B．One admits his limits and weaknesses.
C．One can’t get to the root of failed debates.
D．One feels incompetent for further arguments.
33．Why does the author quote Mark Twain in the passage?
A．To stress the effect of changing others’ mind.
B．To confirm the difficulty of winning an argument.
C．To explain the reason for one’s ending an argument.
D．To support the idea of one’s tendency to blame others.
34．Which is the recommended solution to managing persuasion fatigue?
A．Seeing a debate as a zero-sum game.
B．Making an effort for common ground.
C．Shifting the topic to lower others’ defenses.
D．Reframing points based on one’s own values.
【答案】31．A 32．C 33．D 34．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种现象——说服疲劳，分析了其产生的原因，并介绍了解决的方法。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“You want to convince a friend or a family member of something you know they may disagree, and you share information and walk through your reasoning with them. Still, they reject your case. How do you react when your powers of persuasion fail? You might dismiss the person who doesn’t agree with your arguments as narrow-minded, foolish or otherwise out of touch with reality. The whole experience may feel like trying to guide someone on a journey when they refuse to follow. Psychologists have created a term, persuasion fatigue, to describe this form of frustration(懊恼).(你想说服你的朋友或家人，你知道他们可能不同意，你分享信息，并与他们解释你的理由。尽管如此，他们还是拒绝了你的申请。当你的说服力失效时，你会作何反应？你可能会认为不同意你观点的人心胸狭窄、愚蠢或与现实脱节。整个经历可能就像在别人拒绝跟随的时候试图引导他们旅行。心理学家创造了一个术语，说服疲劳，来描述这种形式的懊恼。)”可知，说服疲劳指的是当你尽力说服对方，却发现一切努力都是徒劳的时候所产生的懊恼感。故选A。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Past research demonstrates that feeling frustrated can make you more resistant to changing your mind. It also shows that frustration may reduce your ability to recognize why your arguments don’t succeed.(过去的研究表明，感到沮丧会让你更不愿意改变主意。它还表明，沮丧可能会降低你认识到为什么你的论点不成功的能力。)”可知，这种沮丧感会让你不愿意改变主意，也会让你无法认清自己的说服不成功的真实的原因。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据文中所引用的马克·吐温所说的话的前一句“Persuasion fatigue also explains why, when debates break down, people tend to blame their conversational opponent.(说服疲劳也解释了为什么当辩论破裂时，人们倾向于指责他们的对话对手。)”以及马克·吐温所说的话“In all matters of opinion, our opponents are insane(愚蠢的).(在所有的观点问题上，我们的对手都是愚蠢的)”可知，作者引用马克·吐温所说的话是为了论证自己的观点，也就是当辩论不成功时，人们倾向于指责自己的谈话对方。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But sometimes you’re better off seeing an argument as a cooperative effort to find the truth—less like angry neighbours fighting over their property line. (但有时，你最好把争论看作是一种寻找真相的合作努力，而不是像愤怒的邻居为他们的财产线而争吵一样。)”可知，在处理说服疲劳时，我们可以把争论视作寻找共同点。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项
为多余选项。
Has anyone ever told you, “Stand up straight!” or scolded you for sitting lazily at a family dinner? Comments like that might be annoying, but they’re not wrong.
____35____ It is the foundation for every movement your body makes, and can determine how well your body adapts to the stresses on it. These stresses can be things like carrying weight, or sitting in an awkward position. ____36____
If your posture isn’t good enough, your muscles have to work harder to keep you upright and balanced. Some muscles will become tight and inflexible. ____37____ It increases the likelihood of accidents, and makes some organs, like your lungs, less efficient.
So what does good posture look like? If you’re sitting, your neck should be vertical, not tilted forward. Your shoulders should be relaxed with your arms close to your trunk. Your knees should be at a right angle with your feet flat on the floor. But what if your posture can’t be that great? ____38____ For example, adjust your screen so it’s at or slightly below eye level. Make sure all parts of your body, like your elbows and wrists, are supported.
It’s also not enough to just have good posture. Keeping your muscles and joints moving is extremely important. In fact, being still for long periods with good posture can be worse than regular movement with bad posture. ____39____ And be sure to exercise. Using your muscles will keep them strong enough to support you effectively, on top of all the other benefits to your joints, bones, brain and heart.
A．Try redesigning your environment.
B．You adjust your body unless you feel tired.
C．So if you sit a lot, get up and move around on occasion.
D．And the big one that we all experience every day is gravity.
E．Besides, poor posture leads to extra wear and tear on your joints.
F．Posture can even influence your emotional state and your sensitivity to pain.
G．Your posture refers to the way you hold your body when you’re sitting or standing.
【答案】35．G 36．D 37．E 38．A 39．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了站姿和坐姿不正确的危害以及调整方式。
35．根据空后“It is the foundation for every movement your body makes, and can determine how well your body adapts to the stresses on it.（它是你身体所有动作的基础，并且能决定你的身体对压力的适应程度。）”可知，空后的it指代的是G项“你的姿势是你坐着或站着的时候你支撑身体的方式。”中的your posture，本空介绍了什么是你的姿势，空后说明姿势的功能，故选G项。
36．根据空前“These stresses can be things like carrying weight, or sitting in an awkward position.（这些压力可以是负重或坐在一个不舒服的位置。）”可知，空前介绍了身体所承受压力有负重和坐在不舒服的位置，故D项“我们每天承受的最大压力就是重力”符合，本空进一步介绍我们每天要承受的压力还有重力，故选D项。
37．根据空前“Some muscles will become tight and inflexible.(一些肌肉会变得紧，变得僵硬。)”可知，E项“而且，不良的姿势会对你的关节造成额外的磨损。”是空前的顺义承接，空前提出了不良姿势会让身体肌肉变得紧，变得僵硬，本空的“Besides”，进一步说明不良姿势会造成关节的额外磨损，故选E项。
38．根据空前“But what if your posture can’t be that great?(但是，如果你的姿势不可能那么好呢？)”和空后“For example, adjust your screen so it’s at or slightly below eye level. Make sure all parts of your body, like your elbows and wrists, are supported.(例如，调整屏幕，使其处于或略低于眼镜水平。确保你的身体的所有部位，如肘部和手腕，都得到支撑。)”可知，空前提出问题，空后举例说明要调整屏幕，故A项“试着重新调整你的环境”符合，如果姿势不能那么好，那就选择调整环境你，故选A项。
39．根据空前“In fact, being still for long periods with good posture can be worse than regular movement with bad posture.(事实上，以良好的姿势长时间静止可能比以不良姿势进行有规律的运动更糟糕。)”可知，空前提出了良好姿势的长时间静止比以不良姿势运动更糟糕，故C项“因此，如果你经常坐着，偶尔要站起来走动一下”符合，空前提出了长时间静止对身体并不好，故要偶尔站起来走动一下，故选C项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Over the years I have been fascinated to read about studies into the power of touch.
One famous study examined videos of how people responded to those near them who had been the victim of a bad fortune. Researchers looked at their interaction with the victim, and compared this with behaviour in non-human primates (灵长类动物). It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way. It makes sense for me that offering hugs to calm victims may be an instinct that we got from primate ancestors.
Another study found that when the husband or wife of a patient in sorrow or discomfort reaches out and holds their hand and, as if by magic, they become settled and less sorrowful. Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised, as we have known for many years about the importance of touch. It symbolizes safety and love, and this is actually one of the most important aspects for development as a child. Is it any wonder that, when we are upset and distressed as adults, we seek out the same things? Whether young or old, humans are wired to be touched.
Nevertheless, many people today suffer from “touch hunger”, which typically occurs when a person experiences little touch or contact for a long time. It serves as a warning that the sense of security and care that comes with the contact of touch is missing. Thus, their well-being can suffer. It is associated with greater stress, anxiety and loneliness, and lower-quality sleep.
Actually, even the briefest touch from us can bring strong emotional experiences to the receivers who suffer from “touch hunger”. A warm handshake, a gentle pat on the shoulder, or a high-five is often enough to convey love and care.
Be a giver!
40．What did the first study find about touch?
____________________________________________________________
41．Why is touch important?
____________________________________________________________
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Touch has the great power to give people who suffer from “touch hunger“ strong emotional experiences, but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care.
____________________________________________________________
43．Apart from touch, what other way(s) do you often use to express your love and care in your life?(In about 40 words)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】40．It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way. 41．It symbolizes safety and love which are important to both children and adults. 42．but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care.
Even a brief touch like a handshake is enough to convey love and care. 43．(1) I often write notes to people I love. For example, I often write notes to remind my family to put on their coats on cold days, expressing my care and love. When reading the warm Words, they feel loved and cared.
(2) I often have little conversations with my loved ones. Talking with my parents after sch1ool can help relieve their tiredness from work. Besides, I prepare gifts for them on special occasions. The handmade gifts convey my appreciation for what they have done for me.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，触摸给人带来安全感；当人们难过时，触摸给人以安慰和安定的感觉。
40．细节理解题。根据第二段前三句“One famous study examined videos of how people responded to those near them who had been the victim of a bad fortune. Researchers looked at their interaction with the victim, and compared this with behaviour in non-human primates (灵长类动物). It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way.(一项著名的研究调查了人们如何回应他们附近遭遇不幸的人的视频。研究人员观察了它们与受害者的互动，并与非人类灵长类动物的行为进行了比较(灵长类动物)。研究发现，人类和灵长类动物以类似的方式相互安慰并表现出关心。)”可知，研究发现，人类和灵长类动物以类似的方式相互安慰并表现出关心。故答案为It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way.
41．推理判断题。根据第三段前三句“Another study found that when the husband or wife of a patient in sorrow or discomfort reaches out and holds their hand and, as if by magic, they become settled and less sorrowful. Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised, as we have known for many years about the importance of touch. It symbolizes safety and love, and this is actually one of the most important aspects for development as a child. (另一项研究发现，当悲伤或不适的病人的丈夫或妻子伸出手握住他们的手时，就像魔法一样，他们会安定下来，悲伤也会减少。也许我们不应该感到惊讶，因为我们多年来一直知道触摸的重要性。它象征着安全和爱，这实际上是孩子成长过程中最重要的方面之一。)”可知，触摸象征着安全和爱，这对儿童和成人都很重要。故答案为It symbolizes safety and love which are important to both children and adults.
42．细节理解题。根据倒数第二端“Actually, even the briefest touch from us can bring strong emotional experiences to the receivers who suffer from “touch hunger”. A warm handshake, a gentle pat on the shoulder, or a high-five is often enough to convey love and care.(其实，即使是我们最简单的触碰，也能给“触碰饥饿”的受者带来强烈的情感体验。一个温暖的握手，轻轻拍一下肩膀，或者一个击掌，都足以传达爱和关心。)”可知，即使是一个简单的握手，也能传达爱和关心，因此所给句子中后半部分“but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care”是错的。故答案为：错误部分：but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care. 原因：Even a brief touch like a handshake is enough to convey love and care.
43．开放题。言之有理即可。例如：除了触摸，我们可以写温暖的字条来鼓励或提醒别人，让他们感到温暖；我们也可以和别人进行简短的对话，嘘寒问暖；我们也可以送别人小礼物来表达我们的关心。40词以内。故答案为：(1) I often write notes to people I love. For example, I often write notes to remind my family to put on their coats on cold days, expressing my care and love. When reading the warm Words, they feel loved and cared.或(2) I often have little conversations with my loved ones. Talking with my parents after sch1ool can help relieve their tiredness from work. Besides, I prepare gifts for them on special occasions. The handmade gifts convey my appreciation for what they have done for me.
第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华。下周将有一个英国的学生代表团来你校进行为期两天的交流访问，你将作为学生代表致词。请你用英文写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1.表示欢迎；
2.简要介绍主要活动安排；
3.表达美好祝愿。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear friends,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hope you enjoy your stay here! Thank you!
【答案】Dear friends,
Welcome to our school. I am Li Hua, Chairman of the Student Union. On behalf of my school, I will introduce the main arrangements for the following two days.
As scheduled, on the first day, we would like to invite you to take a tour of our campus, through which you will get a general idea of our school. In the afternoon, you can take part in various activities such as paper cutting and calligraphy to experience traditional Chinese culture in person. On the second day, we will take you to the Forbidden City, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
Hope you enjoy your stay here! Thank you!
【导语】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生写一篇发言稿，向来校交流的英国的学生代表团表示欢迎，并介绍活动安排。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
代表：On behalf of→ represent
参加：take part in→ join in/get involved in
各种各样的：various→ a variety of/varieties of
惊讶的：amazed→ surprised/astonished
2.句式拓展：
同义句转换
原句：On the second day, we will take you to the Forbidden City, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
拓展句：Then followed the trip to the Forbidden City on the second day, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
As scheduled, on the first day, we would like to invite you to take a tour of our campus, through which you will get a general idea of our school.（运用了介词+which引导非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】
On the second day, we will take you to the Forbidden City, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.（运用了名词作同位语和where引导非限制性定语从句。）
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