2023年高考第三次模拟考试卷-英语（上海B卷）（考试版）

绝密★启用前

2023年高考第三次模拟考试卷

英语

（考试时间：150分钟  试卷满分：140分）

注意事项：

1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

I. Listening Comprehension

Section A  （10分）

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1．A．The woman’s idea is to be well conducted under a nice plan.

B．The woman’s idea is too fresh to be practical.

C．The woman’s proposal isn’t fresh enough.

D．The woman’s project is hard to realize.

2．A．The girl is interested in those home-grown flowers.

B．The girl is likely to pass the flowers to her father.

C．The father is to help grow some flowers in the garden.

D．The father is ready to talk to the girl’s teacher.

3．A．Working hard. 

B．Refusing the job offer.

C．Expecting another chance. 

D．Finding an ideal job.

4．A．In a theatre. 

B．In a library.

C．In a supermarket. 

D．In a museum.

5．A．She didn’t sleep well this morning. 

B．Her son didn’t catch the school bus.

C．She drives the school bus. 

D．She is always late for work.

6．A．Practicing a speech contest. 

B．Listening to some loud music.

C．Preparing for an oral examination. 

D．Talking loudly on the telephone.

7．A．To tell him that they are busy.

B．To share the phone signal with him.

C．To ask him to give them a ride.

D．To invite him to do sports together.

7．A．To take a photo. 

B．To travel overseas.

C．To adopt a child. 

D．To look for a new job.

9．A．They don’t have a normal childhood.

B．They may outgrow their celebrity later.

C．The pressure they are under pays off.

D．Their parents don’t consider their feelings.

10．A．He is short of money.

B．He has been in trouble recently.

C．He doesn’t want to miss any work.

D．He is unwilling to stay at home alone.

Section B  （15分）

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

11．A．Lack of interest in study. B．The shortage of resources.

C．Her lack of aim in life. D．Her unrealistic dreams.

12．A．She kept trying even though she failed.

B．She won a scholarship to study in China.

C．Her website earned her a lot of money.

D．She built a library with her experience.

13．A．Trust your instinct and follow your heart.

B．Learning a language is the key to success.

C．The more you expect, the more disappointed you will be.

D．The weak wait for opportunities; the strong create them.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

14．A．It is used as medicine in Latin America.

B．It brings benefits to your tongue.

C．It can spread seeds in nature.

D．It can cause a feeling of pain.

15．A．Because they bring a kind of nervous excitement.

B．Because they contain anti-cancer properties.

C．Because they are dangerously beautiful.

D．Because they can turn animals away.

16．A．What scientists have known about capsaicin.

B．Why chili peppers are used in Sichuan cuisine.

C．How hot food affects your body and feelings.

D．Where people can find the best spicy food.

Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

17．A．Dating back to 6000 years ago. B．Featuring Greek and Roman civilization.

C．Focusing on the light of the old time. D．Displaying gardens of different times.

18．A．Charge too much for admission. B．Not pay enough attention to modern art.

C．Exhibit art works of poor quality. D．Deal with criticisms badly.

19．A．Avoid taking kids to the Met.

B．Book a tour guide service.

C．Visit the galleries near to the entrance.

D．Select interesting galleries online in advance.

20．A．All the people pay 25 dollars. B．Local people can decide how much to pay.

C．Foreign visitors can pay zero. D．Students must pay half price.

【答案】17．B    18．B    19．D    20．B

II. Grammar and vocabulary (共 20 题，每小题 1 分，满分 20 分)

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Lovely Team Members

I fell in love with rhinos when I worked in a zoo in the 80s, and spent much of the next 20 years as the keeper of the largest captive (圈养的) group of rare black rhinos.

Being aggressive and stupid is ____21____ impresses urban residents about rhinos, but I discovered a group of sensitive, affectionate animals. ____22____ (weigh) over a ton, black rhinos are unexpectedly alert and have an unpredictable nature. However, ____23____ care and reassurance (安慰), they can be very trusting.

In the past few years, the number of rhinos has dropped dramatically, during ____24____ time I have helped look after rhinos being moved to reserves. Last year, I helped on a project to fly five black rhinos to the Serengeti National Park, where they had to be kept captive for a few weeks before ____25____ (release) into the wild. They lived in “bomas” wooden enclosures with “bedrooms”.

A couple of weeks before their planned release, the sky was filled with smoke and the flames were blowing over it. ____26____ (make) sure everything was fine, we rushed toward the bomas. I was terrified that the rhinos ____27____ (catch) fire, so my initial response was to release them. But I couldn’t, because they ____28____ (not fit) with transmitters (发射器). If I let them out, we would have great difficulty tracking them down. So I dashed back to the bomas and called the rhinos to their “bedrooms”. To my surprise, they moved without hesitation and were ____29____ (panicky) than I had thought. After half an hour, the wind changed direction and the fire began to die down.

That we and the rhinos had escaped unscathed (未受伤的) was a miracle. The relationship we had built with those lovely animals proved crucial. _____30_____ it, all our work would have been for nothing. The teamwork of everybody there played a large part too and the rhinos were very much part of that team.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Here’s to guilt-free flying

Maj a Rosen gave up flying a decade ago out of concern for its environmental impact. But when she became a mother and started hanging out with other parents, she didn’t bring it up, even when the conversation turned to flying. It would have ____31____ the mood.

Then in April 2018, her home country of Sweden ____32____ a tax on aviation (飞行).The climate impacts of flying were on the evening news and the mood changed. Rosen____33____ the moment. With her neighbor Lotta Hammar, she launched a campaign called “We stay on the ground”, which has____34____10,000 people to commit to avoid flights in 2019.

Kudos. But here’s the ____35____ truth: in the grand scheme of things, barely anyone will follow suit. The ____36____ classes tend to have a lot to say about the eco benefits of avoiding meat, cycling and eating locally sourced food. But that ____37____ generally disappears when it comes to flying.

We can’t rely on international ____38____ to stop aviation emission either. Yes, the UN has fixed up a deal to cap aviation emissions beyond 2020. But it lacks real bite, allowing airlines to continue emitting carbon provided they offset (抵消)it.

All this means we could really do with green tech riding to the rescue. Here, at least, there is a little good news. Even rather simple measures like freeing planes to fly in straighter lines could ____39____ cut carbon emissions. Hybrid (混合动力的)electric aircraft are also the pipeline. And we already know that planes can mix up to 50 per cent biofuels into their tanks and fly safely.

It’s time to redouble our_____40_____ to make planes green. In the meantime, if you are still looking for a New Year’s resolution, you might want to think about joining those 105000 Swedes.

III   Reading Comprehension(满分 45 分)

Section A (共 15 题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Human beings have somehow managed to engineer the night to receive us by filling it with light. This kind of control is no different from the feat ( 壮 举 ) of damming a river. Its benefits come with____41____ — called light pollution — whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design. ____42____ lighting washes out the darkness of night, altering light levels and light rhythms to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have____43____. Wherever man-made light spills into the natural world, some aspects of life-migration, reproduction, feeding-is affected.

For most human history, the phrase “light pollution” would have____44____. Imagine walking towards London on a moonlit night around 1800, when it was Earth’s most populous city. Nearly a million people lived there, ____45____ candles, torches and lanterns, as they always had. Only a few houses were lit by gas, and there would be no public gaslights in the streets or squares for another seven years. From a few miles away, you would have been more likely to____46____ London than to see its dim collective glow.

We’ve lit up the night as if it were a(n) ____47____ country. As a matter of fact, among mammals (哺乳动物) alone, the number of species active at night is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet attracting them to it. The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being____48____ by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms, circling and circling in the thousands until they drop.

It was once thought that light pollution only affected astronomers, who need to see the night sky in all its glorious clarity. Unlike astronomers, most of us may not need a____49____ view of the night sky for our work. _____50_____, like most other creatures, we do need darkness. _____51_____ darkness is pointless. It is as essential to maintaining our biological welfare as_____52_____ itself; the price of modifying our internal clockwork means it doesn’t operate as it should, causing various physical discomforts. So fundamental are the regular rhythms of waking and sleep to our being that_____53_____ them is similar to altering our center of gravity.

In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to_____54_____ our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best_____55_____ against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge of our galaxy — arching overhead.

41．A．consequences B．achievements C．agreements D．circumstances

42．A．Randomly-designed B．Well-designed 

C．Poorly-designed D．Economically-designed

43．A．appealed B．adapted C．objected D．amounted

44．A．come under criticism B．made no difference 

C．come into effect D．made no sense

45．A．making do with B．fed up with 

C．identifying with D．overflowing with

46．A．visit B．greet C．feel D．smell

47．A．independent B．disconnected C．unoccupied D．excluded

48．A．exposed B．captured C．dismissed D．frustrated

49．A．clear B．comprehensive C．traditional D．critical

50．A．Subsequently B．However C．Therefore D．Similarly

51．A．Reviewing B．Embracing C．Denying D．Regulating

52．A．light B．rhythm C．status D．dawn

53．A．emerging from B．withdrawing from C．messing with D．coinciding with

54．A．keep track of B．lose sight of C．catch hold of D．let go of

55．A．measured B．neutralized C．undergone D．supervised

Section B  (共 11 题，每小题 2 分，满分 22 分)

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

A

A Day in My Wheel Chair

Alex Johnson was born with a rare disorder and got his first wheelchair when he was 7 years old. When he was 11, he arranged to get a bunch of borrowed wheelchairs and then invited his teachers and fellow students to spend a day in them.

Dozens of volunteers quickly learned how complicated it was for Alex to get around the school. Balancing a lunch tray while also rolling down the cafeteria line? Super tricky. Those who participated also learned about the aches and pains Alex struggles with daily. There’s also the arduous, if not impossible, task of rolling a manual wheelchair up and down slopes.

Doors are the worst, they said, because they’re heavy and difficult to pull open from a rolling chair. And although the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) specifies that doorways need to be wide enough to allow a wheelchair and the person’s hands to pass through safely, but many doors in older buildings are just too narrow.

But making the world more accessible for wheelchair users is a public policy issue controlled by government officials, so Alex recently challenged the Tennessee House of Representatives to spend a day in wheelchairs. And 10 men and women took him up on it! For a full day, they worked at their desks and attended all their regular meetings in wheelchairs. The lawmakers had the same eye-opening experiences that Alex’s school pals had.

State Representative Clark Boyd said, “I expected it to be difficult, but I had no idea how frustrating it could be to just simply get around.”

Thanks to comparable wheelchair challenges around the world, more lawmakers are getting the opportunity to learn more about what it’s like for the millions of people living with a mobility disability. “My hope is that through my challenge we can make the world more accessible,” Alex said. “Together, we can change the world, one challenge at a time.”

56．In what way were the students’ experiences of spending a day in wheelchairs and the lawmakers’ experiences similar?

A．Gaining a better understanding of what life is like for disabled people.

B．Learning that making the world more accessible is government officials’ work.

C．Learning how tiring it is to roll a wheelchair to move around the school building.

D．Understanding what it’s like for Alex to balance a lunch tray while in a wheelchair.

57．In paragraph 3, the word “arduous” is closest in the meaning to “_________”.

A．compulsory B．fruitless C．ridiculous D．challenging

58．Why did the writer quote Clark Boyd’s remark?

A．To criticize the ADA for the narrow doors in buildings.

B．To show that Clark felt sympathy for wheelchair users.

C．To demonstrate that he had decided to change the public policy issues.

D．To convince the reader that lawmakers can make the world more accessible.

B

One of the joys of growing up in the leafy suburbs of London was the freedom of living inside a wood. The street where my parents’ house sits runs through one comer of Epping Forest, a carefully manicured (修剪的) greenbelt to retain a sense of unspoilt wilderness. As a result, my brother and I were immediately able to go out of our back gate to climb trees, build dens in the bushes and swing on ropes hung from boughs.

My three boys also have a place, called Glamis Adventure Playground, where they can easily escape their parents, swing on ropes, and even pitch tents for an overnight camp, despite growing up in one of the UK’s most deprived and densely populated boroughs. It’s an oasis of fun for young people constructed on a wasteland with the aim of enabling children to create their own fun.

The tragedy, however, is that they may be the last generation of inner-city kids to experience such freedom. Adventure playgrounds such as Glamis are now an endangered species, according to recent research by Play England, which found that 15 per cent of the 147 sites in operation just five years ago are now shut. Many of the playgrounds, run by local authorities, would end up getting killed off by funding cuts begun in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis.

But even those that still survive today remain at risk due to health and safety concerns and a downplaying by government of play as an essential part of the developmental process, according to Play England chair of trustees Anita Grant.

“Adventure playgrounds are built on trust, autonomy and freedom by children making their own games without the adults telling them what to do,” Grant says. “But there is a new way of discussing play where people talk about learning through play. As soon as you start viewing play like this, as something that needs outcomes, it stops being play for children.”

Another threat to adventure playgrounds is more pernicious than funding cuts: a fear about letting children out on their own to play. Research conducted in 2020 for the British Children’s Play Survey found the average age children were allowed out on their own was 11, two years later than their parents’ generation.

“The professionalization of parenting” — the idea that there is a recipe for children becoming well-rounded adults that has encouraged mums and dads to micromanage their offspring — is to blame. “Taking risks is a really important part of a child’s development but that often conflicts with what people feel is their responsibility as parents,” Dodd says. “Freedom of play is undervalued because we want our children to get a new skill that we can put on social media and brag about.” Typically, children must now play in a way that is being defined by adults.

59．Which of the following is NOT a reason why adventure playgrounds are becoming rare?

A．Parents tend to be afraid of letting kids play outside by themselves for safety’s sake.

B．Parents and kids are switching their attention from adventure playgrounds to social media.

C．The essential role of play in the developmental process is undervalued by the government.

D．the local authorities running these adventure playgrounds have economic difficulties.

60．The expression “in the wake of” in Paragraph 3 may mean ________.

A．irrelevant to B．compared with

C．coming after D．independent of

61．We may infer from the last paragraph that________.

A．Parents agree on a standard definition of play, which shouldn’t involve risk-taking.

B．Parents think social media can help their kids acquire new skills that they can brag about.

C．Parents prefer to consult a professional recipe so that their kids may become well-rounded adults.

D．Parents involve themselves too much in children’s play in the name of parental responsibility.

62．The best title of this passage may be ________.

A．Children’s play, nowadays a grown-up matter.

B．Children’s play, barely an essential part of development.

C．Children’s play, definitely a learning process.

D．Children’s play, always an undervalued skill.

C

Five years ago, Meredith Arthur, a 45-year-old San Francisco resident, arrived at a neurologist appointment. She spoke a mile a minute, explaining why she thought it might hold clues to her neck pain, frequent dizziness and headaches. “I was presenting my inexpert case to an expert, who stopped me and said, ‘I know what’s wrong. You have generalized anxiety disorder.’”

Arthur is one of the 40 million American adults who experience an anxiety disorder—the most common form of mental illness—every year. Its major factor is the uncertainty about situations in daily life.

“I describe anxiety as a future-oriented emotional response to a perceived threat,” says Joel Minden, PhD, a clinical psychologist. “We anticipate that something bad will happen. Maybe we have evidence. Maybe we don’t. But we have a belief that something catastrophic might occur.”

Almost immediately, Minden says, your sympathetic nervous system kicks into high gear. This leads to the release of adrenaline and cortisol, two of the crucial hormones (荷尔蒙) that drive your body’s fight-freeze-flight response and cause anxiety’s physical symptoms. Your heart races, your blood pressure rises, your pupils dilate, you get short of breath.

Meanwhile, cortisol curbs functions that your brain considers non-essential: It affects immune system responses and suppresses (抑制) the digestive system, the reproductive system, and growth processes. This was helpful for our ancestors trying to outrun tigers but is not so much when you can’t stop struggling with the problem whether you might have caught COVID-19 when the guy behind you in line at the grocery store coughed.

Anxiety can show itself in many ways. You might perceive something as threatening even when it isn’t or go to great lengths to avoid uncomfortable situations. You might constantly overthink plans or spend all of your time creating solutions to worst-case scenarios. Maybe you feel indecisive and fear making the wrong decision. Or you might find yourself restless, nervous, and unable to relax.

The good news is that anxiety is very manageable with some combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle adjustments.

63．What does the underlined word “curbs” in paragraph 5 most probably mean?

A．activates B．restricts C．damages D．removes

64．What can you infer from the passage?

A．Social factors are to blame for anxiety disorders.

B．Anxiety is the most common illness in the US.

C．Mental well-being has been Meredith Arthur’s concern.

D．anxiety disorders can be controlled with certain treatments.

65．Which of the following is NOT the typical symptom of anxiety?

A．Trying to find solutions to the worst situation from time to time.

B．Hesitating to make the final decision for fear of mistakes.

C．Heart racing and blood pressure rising at the imagined situation.

D．Feeling restless or nervous even when there’s nothing threatening around.

66．What will the following part most probably talk about?

A．The advance of science and technology.

B．The effects of the anxiety disorders.

C．Tips to minimize negative effects of anxiety.

D．The anticipation of Meredith Arthur.

Section C(共 4 题，每小题 2 分，满分 8 分)

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Changing Someone’s Mind at the Dinner Table

Family gatherings can bring up topics we prefer to avoid. With the festive season in full swing, it might be hard to stay away from some annoying relatives. At some point, you know they will say something like: ”Genetically modified foods are not safe to eat“ or ”Climate change is a conspiracy”. (Surely, all these statements are untrue.)

____67____ “Is it worth making an effort to correct people?” says Jason Reifler at the University of Exeter, UK, who studies ways of challenging misperceptions. I think so. ____68____

Obviously, it is far more difficult to prove false beliefs wrong than to spread them.

Take a classic: “The climate has always changed, it’s nothing to do with humans.” To fight this, you need to explain how the world is now warming at an alarming rate, when otherwise it would be cooling slightly were it not for our carbon dioxide emissions.

____69____ “Parallel” arguments can often highlight logical errors very effectively, says John Cook of George Mason University, Virginia. For instance, the “climate is always changing” myth is like claiming that because people have always stolen from each other, leaving your house unlocked won’t increase the risk of burglary (入室抢劫).

But you need to be aware of the backfire (适得其反的)effect. ____70____ This was discouraging news for the fight against false beliefs. “The last thing you want to do when debunking (驳斥) misinformation is make matters worse,” wrote Cook and Stephan Lewandowsky at the University of Bristol, UK, in The Debunking Handbook, a short guide published in2011.  However, more recent studies are far more encouraging. It’s not as common as we initially thought,“ says Lewandowsky.

A．This is the idea that trying to change someone’s false belief can make them believe it more strongly.

B．However, more recent studies are far more encouraging.

C．Anyone can spread a lie, but it usually takes a bit of time and knowledge to explain why a statement is wrong.

D．But sometimes there are shortcuts to make your point convincing.

E．If you are not sure of the facts, do some web browsing on your phone rather than trying to wing it.

F．If this happens, you don’t have to just sit there quiet.

IV  Summary Writing(满分 10 分)

71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Men may eat more in summer

Winter may be seen as the time to fill up with food, but in fact, sunny summer months are when men eat more calories—unlike women.

The effect seems to occur because sunlight makes the skin release an appetite-stimulating hormone (激素), says Carmit Levy at Tel Aviv University in Israel. Levy and her colleagues noticed the effect in experiments in mice, in which male animals exposed to UV light (紫外线) ate more food.

To see if humans do the same, the team used data on about 3000 people who had filled in questionnaires as part of the Israeli government’s national health and nutrition survey. Between March and September, the men consumed about 17 per cent more calories per day than they did during the rest of the year, while the women’s food intake stayed about the same.

Human appetite is influenced by many complex systems, but a substance called ghrelin, a hormone produced in the body that stimulates appetite, seems to be the only hormone that directly stimulates eating. It was thought to be mainly produced by the stomach when empty. “It tells the brain to eat more,” says Caroline Gorvin at the University of Birmingham, UK.

Further investigation revealed that exposing male mice to UVB (紫外线 B 段波) radiation, which is present in sunlight, raised levels of ghrelin production by fat cells in their skin. This was blocked by the female sex hormone, which may explain why the effect wasn’t seen in the female mice or the women. Boosted ghrelin production was also seen in men’s skin samples that were exposed to UV light in the lab.

Skin hasn’t previously been thought to play a role in appetite, says Gorvin. The reason for the effect is unclear, but it may be an adaptive response to fuel greater physical activity in summer, says Levy.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

V Translation (共 4 题，共15分)

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72．面对同事们的指责，这个年轻小伙并没有选择逃避，而是想方设法弥补因自己的过失所造成的损失。(means)

73．惊叹于中国工人把集装箱变成酒店房间的速度，锦标赛组织者称他们为魔术师。(so...)

74．看到那么多年轻人自愿学舞龙，这位老艺人如释重负，感觉这门古老的技艺后继有人了。(relieve)

75．中国在新能源领域方面的迅猛发展，为其赢得牵头制定新型电力系统国际标准的机会。(win)

VI Guided Writing(满分25分)

76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

某英文网站刊登了一则征文广告如下，按照要求写一篇文章。

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________