2023届陕西省渭南市高三下学期教学质量检测（Ⅱ）英语试题（含答案）

这是一份2023届陕西省渭南市高三下学期教学质量检测（Ⅱ）英语试题（含答案），共29页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，短文改错，其他应用文等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2023届陕西省渭南市高三下学期教学质量检测（Ⅱ）英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Four Chinese Language Learning Apps
Du Chinese
Du Chinese is an App that helps to improve your Chinese reading skills. You can read by yourself or listen to a recording and read along. The characters and pinyin layout (布局) look very comfortable. You can easily turn the pinyin on and off and switch Chinese characters between Simplified and Traditional. It supports English translations for single words and sentences.
The materials are labeled from HSK(汉语水平考试)level 1-6＋. It is easy to find material for your level.
Zizzle
If you have trouble memorizing Chinese characters, then Zizzle will definitely help you. This App breaks down characters into their component parts. Then, they use images and a short story to help you remember these components. Most of the stories are funny enough to be memorable. It presents an effective, novel, and fun way to learn and memorize Chinese characters. If you are a total beginner, I can safely say you will know hundreds of characters in few days and be able to read them confidently.
Chineseclass101
Chineseclass101 has an extensive collection of listening materials covering all levels. Each lesson has notes that include the key grammar point broken down clearly along with Chinese cultural insights. The lesson dialogue will help you understand real life conversations in China and will definitely help you improve your listening skills. It also offers an interactive voice recorder tool which lets you record your pronunciation and compare it to that of a native speaker.
Hello Chinese
Hello Chinese is a powerful learning tool that can help you overcome the fear of learning Chinese. This App focuses on daily life topics. It starts from basic pinyin, so that even if you are a total beginner or have absolutely no background in Chinese, you can still learn with it. What is special is that this App allows you to listen and record your own voice, and to help you check automatically if your pronunciation is correct.
1．What do we know about Du Chinese?
A．Its materials are graded by difficulty. B．It can switch between two languages.
C．Its users are basically school students. D．It is designed for language tests.
2．Which of the following Apps are especially suggested for beginners?
A．Du Chinese and Zizzle. B．Chineseclass101 and Zizzle.
C．Zizzle and Hello Chinese. D．Du Chinese and Hello Chinese.
3．What do Chineseclass101 and Hello Chinese have in common?
A．They help improve pronunciation. B．They are targeted at advanced learners.
C．They teach useful listening skills. D．They offer reading materials on daily life.

Rocky Lyons was five years old when his mother, Kelly, was driving along the country road with him. He was asleep on the front seat of their truck, with his feet resting on her lap. As his mom drove carefully down the winding country road, she turned onto a narrow bridge. The truck hit a rock and slid off the road. She attempted to bring it back up onto the road by pressing hard on the gas pedal(踏板)and turning the steering wheel to the left. But Rocky's foot got caught between her leg and the steering wheel and she lost control of the truck.
The truck fell into a 20-foot ravine(峡谷). When it hit the bottom,Rocky woke up. “What happened, Mom?”  he asked. “Our wheels are pointing toward the sky.”
Kelly was seriously wounded and blinded by blood. “I’ll get you out, Mom, ” announced Rocky, who had surprisingly escaped injury. He climbed out from under Kelly, slid through the open window and tried to yank his mother out. But she didn’t move.
“Just let me sleep,” begged Kelly,who was out of consciousness(意识). Rocky insisted,“Mom, you can’t go to sleep.”
Rocky managed to push Kelly out of the truck and told her he’d climb up to the road and stop a car to get help. Fearing that no one would be able to see her little boy in the dark, Kelly refused to let him go alone. Instead they slowly moved up to the road. The pain was so great that Kelly wanted to give up, but Rocky wouldn’t let her.
Rocky kept repeating the inspirational phrase, “I know you can. I know you can.” When they finally reached the road, Rocky broke into tears seeing his mother’s torn face clearly for the first time. Waving his arms and shouting, “Please stop!” the boy stopped a truck. His mother was sent to hospital.
It took eight hours to rebuild Kelly’s face. She looks quite different today-she has a few scars but has recovered from her injuries.
Rocky’s heroics were big news. Everyone was surprised at this little boy’s power. “It’s not like I wanted it to happen,” the boy explained. “I just did what anyone would have done.” “If it weren’t for Rocky, I’d have died,” said his mother.
4．What do we know about Rocky and Kelly?
A．They were lost on a country road.
B．They were involved in a truck accident.
C．They had limited time to find their way.
D．They knew little of what happened to them.
5．What had happened when Rocky woke up?
A．The truck had turned over.
B．He couldn’t find his mother.
C．He had been stuck in the truck.
D．His mother had passed out.
6．What does the underlined word “yank” in paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Pull. B．Drive.
C．Follow. D．Carry.
7．Which of the following words can best describe Rocky?
A．Enthusiastic and kind.
B．Courageous and calm.
C．Cooperative and generous
D．Adventurous and energetic.

British programmer Joshua Browder is helping people save much money on legal fees with his latest project-the world’s first robot lawyer. The 19-year-old first started the project last summer as a free website to help people appeal unfair parking tickets. He came up with the idea after getting a series of tickets himself for unimportant reasons. Having wasted hours writing appeals to these tickets, he realized that many people have no time or legal knowledge to appeal So he decided to create a robot lawyer, which he named DoNotPay.
DoNotPay was a success, and the tech genius has gone a step further with the website. converting(转变)it into a robot lawyer equipped to help with various legal issues. “The robot can handle parking ticket appeals and delayed flights/ trains. It can also answer some general legal questions like ‘ I can’t afford my ticket. What do I do?’” said Browder.
To use the service, users need to go to the website DoNotPay.co.uk and sign up for free. Once signed in, the robot will ask the user questions about their situation. When it has collected enough information, and if the person has legal grounds for an appeal, the robot will create a letter for the person to use.
Browder said he received good advice from his professors at Stanford University. “Initially, I thought the best way to go about it was to create many individual rules for it to follow,” he explained. “However, I quickly failed with this approach because there are thousands of ways to say the same thing and it would be impossible to catch everyone. The breakthrough came when I learned how to create a way for the robot to learn and compare phrases itself, so that it doesn’t matter how the user phrases his or her requests.”
So he programmed the robot to use text comparison that includes keywords, word order and pronouns. And the more people use the robot,the better the algorithm(演算法)gets. But here’re situations where the robot can’t help.” If the robot can’t answer, it provides helpful massage offering the user some sample phrases or the choice of contacting me directly,”
Browder said. “On the backend, whenever the robot can’t answer, I get noticed and work as quickly as possible to add functions for any future requests of a similar nature.”
“I think it does a reasonable job of replacing parking lawyers,” Browder told Tech Insider. “I know there are thousands of programmers with more experience than me working on similar issues. If it is one day possible for any citizen to get the same standard of legal representation as a billionaire, how can that not be a good thing?”
8．What made Joshua Browder decide to develop the robot lawyer?
A．His interest in law and robot.
B．Being often fined for serious reasons.
C．Realizing people’s need to write appeals.
D．A waste of much money in appealing.
9．What can the robot lawyer do at present?
A．Deal with some common legal issues.
B．Create a computer program to serve its users.
C．Recommend some useful legal websites to users.
D．Teach the users to write a letter of appeal.
10．What did Browder’s professors advise him to do about his robot?
A．Store enough legal knowledge in it.
B．Teach it to communicate with its users.
C．Create enough individual rules for it to follow.
D．Enable it to learn and compare phrases on its own.
11．What is Browder’s attitude to the world’s first robot lawyer?
A．Unclear. B．Cautious.
C．Proud. D．Negative.

When you go to the desert with David Strayer, a cognitive psychologist, don’t be surprised if he sticks electrodes to your head.
On the third day of a camping trip in Utah, Strayer explains the “three-day effect” to 22 psychology students. Our brains, he says, aren’t tireless machines; they are easily tired by our fast-paced, increasingly digital lives. But when we slow down, stop the busywork, and seek out natural surroundings, we not only feel refreshed but also improve our mental performance. Strayer has demonstrated as much with a group of participants, who scored 50 percent higher on creative problem-solving tasks after three days of wilderness backpacking.
Strayer’s hypothesis is that being in nature allows the prefrontal cortex, the brain’s command center, to rest and recover, like an overused muscle. Strayer has his students put my head into a sort of bathing cap with 12 electrodes in it. Wires from them will send my brain’s electrical signals to a recorder for analysis. Then I walk carefully to a grassy bank along the San Juan River, where I’m supposed to think of nothing in particular, just watch the wide water flow by. I haven’t looked at a computer or cell phone in days, and it’s easy to forget for a few moments that I ever had them.
A few months after our Utah trip, Strayer’s team sends me the results of my test, which shows my brain waves at a range of frequencies and confirms that the gentle beauty of the San Juan River succeeded in quieting my prefrontal cortex.
So far the other research subjects’ results also confirm Strayer’s hypothesis. But no study can offer a full explanation of the brain-on-nature experience; something mysterious will always remain, Strayer says, and perhaps that’s as it should be. “At the end of the day,” he says, “we come out in nature not because science says it does something to us but because of how it makes us feel.”
12．Why do Strayer and his students go to the desert?
A．To relax themselves. B．To conduct a study.
C．To learn about the desert. D．To experience life without digital products.
13．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．Findings of Strayer’s research. B．Reason for Strayer’s research.
C．Method for Strayer’s research. D．Purpose of Strayer’s research.
14．What do we know about Strayer’s hypothesis?
A．There is no convincing evidence for it. B．No researchers show interest in it.
C．It has proved false. D．A full explanation is needed for it.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Enjoy Yourself in Nature. B．My Unique Experience in the Desert.
C．How Does Nature Inspire Creativity. D．Is Nature Your Brain’s Powerful Medicine.


二、七选五
Sometimes you just want to get away. Your older brother and his friends are constantly amped in front of the TV, your baby sister won’t stay out of your room, and you want some time for yourself.
But when you get it-maybe at a friend’s house for an all-weekend DVD marathon or on spring break at Disney World-you’re surprised to find yourself missing the chaos at home a bit.
What’s that all about?____16____
When you’re homesick, you might feel nostalgic (怀念的) for familiar things like your family, friends, pets, house, or neighborhood. Homesickness isn’t only for kids.____17____ Teens might get homesick when they leave home for the first extended period of time, like during a vacation with a friend’s family.
Familiar surroundings, people, and routines provide people with a sense of security and comfort.____18____ Those homesick feelings are completely normal.
____19____ Others may feel physical symptoms, like stomachache or headache, or even become truly depressed. Most of the time, once the new surroundings and people become more familiar, feelings of homesickness go away. If you have additional stress in your life - like a divorce or a death in the family - homesickness can be more intense.
Almost everyone has felt homesick at some time.____20____ It means you have family and friends worth missing and a place you want to return to when your adventure away from home is over.
A．Practically everyone feels homesick from time to time, even adults.
B．In a new place, you may find yourself missing the comforts of home and loved ones.
C．Believe it or not, you’re feeling homesick.
D．Remember that there’s a good side to homesickness, too.
E．Luckily, homesickness is usually mild and doesn’t last long.
F．Some people may only feel a little loneliness, sadness, or anxiety.
G．And you can do some things to make sure it doesn’t spoil your fun.


三、完形填空
The story happened when Hurricane Ida swept New Jersey. Anibal Galiana, the principal of Hackensack Middle School, was____21____ about the state of the school after seeing the severe flooding. The new ____22____ would start next week and the kids needed a building to____23____. So he called Hemans, the head custodian (管理人员) of the school, on Thursday morning to let him know he was going to get to the school to assess____24____. To Galiana’s surprise, the custodian said he was____25____ at the school. Actually, he stayed the entire____26____, running the pump to make sure the school didn’t____27____.
At around 11 pm on Wednesday, a(n)____28____ reached Hemans saying that water was____29____ the school’s basement. He was at home then, but he_____________30_____________ to brave the storm to make his way to the_____________31_____________. Getting there from his home was difficult — he often found himself_____________32_____________ by rapidly rising water. Once there, he started the pump to transfer water from the basement to the _____________33_____________ outside. After that, Hemans skipped sleep to_____________34_____________ it every half hour to ensure it was still working. If it had_____________35_____________ at any point, water would have quickly made its way inside. He finally arrived back at his home at around 2:30 pm on Thursday for some_____________36_____________ which he deserved.
_____________37_____________ Galiana was shocked that Hemans went the extra mile to protect the building, on further reflection, he wasn’t all that_____________38_____________. “He’s always been a hardworking and responsible custodian,” said Galiana.
During the hurricane, many schools saw destruction that made them_____________39_____________ for weeks. But Hackensack Middle School_____________40_____________ right on time. When seeing cheerful students studying and playing in school, Hemans knew it was all worth it.
21．A．worried B．angry C．certain D．disappointed
22．A．task B．term C．period D．storm
23．A．belong to B．look to C．come to D．turn to
24．A．profit B．cost C．accident D．damage
25．A．already B．always C．previously D．occasionally
26．A．day B．week C．morning D．night
27．A．break B．flood C．collapse D．burst
28．A．appeal B．letter C．alarm D．sound
29．A．entering B．cleaning C．leaving D．surrounding
30．A．agreed B．decided C．expected D．remembered
31．A．office B．center C．station D．building
32．A．followed B．blocked C．welcomed D．separated
33．A．street B．stair C．pipe D．room
34．A．adjust B．start C．check D．repair
35．A．fallen B．delayed C．sunk D．failed
36．A．rest B．praise C．practice D．help
37．A．Because B．If C．Although D．When
38．A．excited B．touched C．surprised D．confused
39．A．inaccessible B．unsuccessful C．impractical D．unusable
40．A．recovered B．opened C．returned D．functioned


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms(节气),____41____ were created thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production and people’s lives.
Xiaoman, or Grain Buds,____42____ eighth of the 24 solar terms in Chinese calendar, is the transition period of time when the grains____43____ (be) about to ripen, with subtle changes in nature, such as rising water____44____ (level) and temperatures.
Xiaoman is a season for eating the herb of sow thistles(苦苣), which have the function of cooling the blood and____45____(remove) the toxicity(毒)in the body. It is the best time ____46____ (raise) silkworms, cook cocoons and prepare the spinning wheels for reeling silk. Silkworms are delicate and should____47____(take) good care of,and the mulberry (桑树) leaves should be fresh and____48____ (strict) selected.
Xiaoman is also a philosophical solar term, which emphasizes the importance of the traditional Chinese value of____49____ (modest) and humility. Ancient Chinese people believed that, among all the virtues, only humility could bring them good fortune. It reflects the emotional bond, the wisdom and creativity of the Chinese, who respect and live in harmony____50____ nature.


五、短文改错
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
As is known by us, our government is trying to make our city the National Civilized City at present. We hope we can also do our best to help realize this goal.
First of all, we should mind our words and deeds and become civilized citizens. Always remember to say “Please” and “Thanks” and don’t talk and laugh loudly in public. Seen people in trouble, we might as well to lend them a helping hand. In addition, be civilized pedestrians. We must observe traffic rules and never cross the streets before the traffic lights are red. At same time, keeping our environment cleanly is also advisable, it means we shouldn’t litter or spit in public places. Only by starting with the little things around us we make a great difference to our city image.
Let’s take measure now and make joint efforts to make our city more civilized.

六、其他应用文
52．你校英文网站“生活”专栏正在举行征文活动，主题是“Looking good，feeling good”。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.外表与健康哪个更重要；
2.青少年正确的审美观。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Looking good, feeling good
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四个汉语语言学习的应用程序。
1．细节理解题。根据小标题Du Chinese下面第二段“The materials are labeled from HSK(汉语水平考试)level 1-6＋. It is easy to find material for your level. (教材按照HSK等级1-6+进行标注。很容易为你的等级找到材料。)”可知，Du Chinese应用的材料是按难度分级的。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据小标题Zizzle下面一段末句“If you are a total beginner, I can safely say you will know hundreds of characters in few days and be able to read them confidently. (如果你是一个完全的初学者，我可以肯定地说，你将在几天内认识数百个汉字，并能够自信地阅读它们。)”以及小标题Hello Chinese下面一段第三句“It starts from basic pinyin, so that even if you are a total beginner or have absolutely no background in Chinese, you can still learn with it.  (它从基本的拼音开始，所以即使你是一个完全的初学者或完全没有中文背景，你仍然可以用它来学习。)”可知，Zizzle和Hello Chinese两个应用是针对初学者的。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据小标题Chineseclass101下面一段末句“It also offers an interactive voice recorder tool which lets you record your pronunciation and compare it to that of a native speaker. (它还提供了一个交互式语音记录工具，可以让你记录自己的发音，并将其与母语人士的发音进行比较。)”以及小标题Hello Chinese下面一段末句“What is special is that this App allows you to listen and record your own voice, and to help you check automatically if your pronunciation is correct. (特别之处在于，这款应用可以让你听自己的声音并录音，并帮助你自动检查你的发音是否正确。)”可知，Chineseclass101和Hello Chinese的共同之处在于它们有助于提高发音。故选A。
4．B 5．A 6．A 7．B

【导语】本文是一篇继续文。讲述了5岁的Rocky和妈妈Kelly发生了车祸，妈妈受伤严重，勇敢的Rocky救了妈妈的故事。
4．推理判断题。根据首段第四句“The truck hit a rock and slid off the road. (卡车撞上了一块石头，滑出了公路。)”以及第二段首句“The truck fell into a 20-foot ravine(峡谷). (卡车掉进了一个20英尺高的峡谷。)”可知，Rocky和Kelly发生了车祸。故选B。

5．推理判断题。根据第二段末句““Our wheels are pointing toward the sky.” (“我们的轮子指向天空。”)”可知，卡车翻了所以才轮子朝向天空。故选A。
6．词义猜测题。根据第三段最后两句“He climbed out from under Kelly, slid through the open window and tried to yank his mother out. But she didn’t move. (他从凯利的身下爬出来，从开着的窗户爬出去，试图把他的母亲 出来。但她没有动。)”可知，Rocky是想救妈妈出去，但是妈妈没动。故可推知，划线词为动词“拉”。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句““I’ll get you out, Mom, ”announced Rocky, who had surprisingly escaped injury. (“我来救你出去，妈妈。”洛奇说，他出人意料地没有受伤。)”以及倒数第三段首句“Rocky kept repeating the inspirational phrase, “I know you can. I know you can.” (洛奇不断重复那句鼓舞人心的话：“我知道你能做到。我知道你可以的。”)”可知，洛奇很勇敢，也很镇静。故选B。
8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C

【导语】本文说明文。针对很多人既没有时间也没有法律知识来维护自己权益的情况，他创造一个名为“DoNotPay”的机器人律师，可以处理一些常见的法律问题。
8．细节理解题。根据首段末句“Having wasted hours writing appeals to these tickets, he realized that many people have no time or legal knowledge to appeal So he decided to create a robot lawyer, which he named DoNotPay. (在浪费了几个小时为这些罚单写上诉书之后，他意识到很多人既没有时间也没有法律知识来上诉，所以他决定创造一个机器人律师，他把它命名为“DoNotPay”。)”可知，很多人需要写上诉书，但是既没有时间也没有法律知识来上诉，所以约书亚·布劳德决定开发机器人律师。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段最后三句““The robot can handle parking ticket appeals and delayed flights/ trains. It can also answer some general legal questions like ‘ I can’t afford my ticket. What do I do?’” said Browder. (“该机器人可以处理停车罚单申诉和航班/火车延误。它还可以回答一些一般的法律问题，比如‘我付不起罚单。我该怎么办?’”布劳德说。)”可知，机器人律师可以处理一些常见的法律问题。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段首句“Browder said he received good advice from his professors at Stanford University. (布劳德说，他从斯坦福大学的教授那里得到了很好的建议。)”以及末句“The breakthrough came when I learned how to create a way for the robot to learn and compare phrases itself, so that it doesn’t matter how the user phrases his or her requests. (当我学会如何创造一种方法让机器人自己学习和比较短语时，突破就出现了，这样用户如何表达他或她的请求就没有关系了。)”可知，布劳德的教授建议他让机器人自己学习和比较短语。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据末段末句“If it is one day possible for any citizen to get the same standard of legal representation as a billionaire, how can that not be a good thing? (如果有一天，任何一个公民都有可能获得与亿万富翁同样标准的法律代理，这怎么可能不是一件好事呢？)”可知，布劳德希望有一天任何一个公民都有与亿万富翁同样标准的法律代理，认为自己做的事情帮助实现了这一目标。故可推知，他对世界上第一个机器人律师是很骄傲的。故选C。
12．B 13．C 14．D 15．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了认知心理学家David Strayer通过和22名学生的研究，发现大自然可以提高我们的效率。介绍了研究开展的过程以及他的一些假设。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段“Strayer has demonstrated as much with a group of participants, who scored 50 percent higher on creative problem-solving tasks after three days of wilderness backpacking.( Strayer已经用一组参与者证明了这一点，经过三天的野外背包旅行，他们在创造性解决问题的任务上得分高出50%)”可知，Strayer和他的学生去沙漠是为了进行研究。故选B。
13．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Strayer’s hypothesis is that being in nature allows the prefrontal cortex, the brain’s command center, to rest and recover, like an overused muscle. Strayer has his students put my head into a sort of bathing cap with 12 electrodes in it. Wires from them will send my brain’s electrical signals to a recorder for analysis. Then I walk carefully to a grassy bank along the San Juan River, where I’m supposed to think of nothing in particular, just watch the wide water flow by. I haven’t looked at a computer or cell phone in days, and it’s easy to forget for a few moments that I ever had them.(Strayer的假设是，在大自然中，大脑的指挥中心前额叶皮层可以休息和恢复，就像过度使用的肌肉一样。Strayer让他的学生把我的头放进一种有12个电极的浴帽里。它们的导线会把我大脑的电信号传送到记录器上进行分析。然后，我小心翼翼地走到圣胡安河的一个长满草的岸边，在那里我不应该想什么特别的事情，只是看着宽阔的河水流过。我已经好几天没看电脑或手机了，很容易忘记我曾经拥有过它们)”可知，第三段的主要内容是Strayer的研究方法。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But no study can offer a full explanation of the brain-on-nature experience; something mysterious will always remain, Strayer says, and perhaps that’s as it should be.(但是，没有一项研究能够全面解释大脑与自然的关系；Strayer说，一些神秘的东西将永远存在，也许这是应该的)”可知，Strayer的假设需要一个完整的解释。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Our brains, he says, aren’t tireless machines; they are easily tired by our fast-paced, increasingly digital lives. But when we slow down, stop the busywork, and seek out natural surroundings, we not only feel refreshed but also improve our mental performance.(他说，我们的大脑不是不知疲倦的机器；他们很容易对我们快节奏、日益数字化的生活感到厌倦。但是当我们慢下来，停止忙碌的工作，寻找自然的环境，我们不仅感到神清气爽，而且还提高了我们的精神表现)”结合文章主要说明了认知心理学家David Strayer通过和22名学生的研究，发现大自然可以提高我们的效率。介绍了研究开展的过程以及他的一些假设。可知，D选项“自然是大脑的良药吗？”最符合文章标题。故选D。
16．C 17．A 18．B 19．F 20．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述的是当一个人到了一个陌生的地方时，几乎每一个人都会有思乡的感觉。当你思乡时，你就会想念家人，朋友，有些思乡的人会有一些身体上的变化，如头疼等。它意味着你有值得思念的家人和朋友，当你离开家的冒险结束后，你想回到一个地方。
16．根据前一句“What’s that all about?（这是怎么回事?）”可知，空处是对前面提问的回答。结合下一段“When you’re homesick, you might feel nostalgic（怀念的）for familiar things like your family, friends, pets, house, or neighborhood. (当你想家的时候，你可能会怀念你熟悉的东西，比如你的家人、朋友、宠物、房子或邻居)”可知，此处强调的是思乡的具体表现。由此推知，空处指出离开家又想家的情况是“思乡”。C选项“Believe it or not, you’re feeling homesick.(信不信由你，你想家了)”切题，引起下文，故选C。
17．根据空前“ Homesickness isn’t only for kids.(思乡不仅仅是孩子们的事)”可知，此处强调的是思乡不仅仅是在孩子身上发生。由此推知，也会发生在成人身上。A选项“Practically everyone feels homesick from time to time, even adults.(几乎每个人都会时不时地想家，即使是成年人)”切题。故选A。
18．根据空前“Familiar surroundings, people, and routines provide people with a sense of security and comfort.(熟悉的环境、人们和惯例能提供给人们一种安全感和慰藉)”以及空后“Those homesick feelings are completely normal.( 那些思乡的情感是完全正常的)”可知，设空处应该强调的是在新的场所思乡的原因。B选项“In a new place, you may find yourself missing the comforts of home and loved ones.(在一个新的地方你可能会觉得你自己失去了家的舒服感和爱的人)”承上启下。故选B。
19．根据空后“Others may feel physical symptoms, like stomachache or headache, or even become truly depressed.（其他人可能会有身体上的特征，如胃疼，头疼)”可知，此处强调的是思乡的一些症状。F选项“Some people may only feel a little loneliness, sadness, or anxiety.(有些人可能仅仅感觉孤独，悲伤，焦虑)”切题，some呼应后文的others，some...others...“一些……另一些”。故选F。
20．根据前文“Almost everyone has felt homesick at some time.(几乎每个人都有想家的时候)”以及空后的“It means you have family and friends worth missing and a place you want to return to when your adventure away from home is over.(它意味着你有值得思念的家人和朋友，当你离开家的冒险结束后，你想回到一个地方)”可知，设空处强调的是思乡的好处。D选项“Remember that there’s a good side to homesickness, too.(记住思乡也有好的一面)”引起下文。故选D。

21．A 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．D 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．D 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．D 36．A 37．C 38．C 39．D 40．B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了哈肯萨克中学的首席管理员赫曼斯冒着暴风雨毅然去拯救学校免于洪水淹没的动人故事。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：哈肯萨克中学校长Anibal Galiana在看到严重的洪水后，对学校的状况感到担忧。A. worried感到担心的；B. angry生气的；C. certain确定的；D. disappointed感到失望的。根据上文“Anibal Galiana, the principal of Hackensack Middle School”及常识可知，Anibal Galiana是校长，对学校的状况感到担忧。故选A项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：新学期将于下周开始，孩子们需要一栋楼来住。A. task任务；B. term学期；C. period时期；D. storm风暴。根据下文“would start next week and the kids needed a building to____3____.”可知，新学期要来了，孩子们要回来了。故选B项。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：新学期将于下周开始，孩子们需要一栋楼来住。A. belong to属于；B. look to注意；C. come to达到；D. turn to求助。根据上文“The new ____2____ would start next week”可知，新学期要开始了，孩子们要来到学校了，故选C项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以他在周四早上打电话给学校的首席管理员赫曼斯，让他知道他要去学校评估损失。A. profit利润；B. cost花费；C. accident事故；D. damage损失。根据上文“The story happened when Hurricane Ida swept New Jersey. Anibal Galiana, the principal of Hackensack Middle School, was　　1　　 about the state of the school after seeing the severe flooding.”可知，飓风来临，校长很担心学校的状况，所以打电话让管理员去评估学校的损失。故选D项。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：令加利亚纳惊讶的是，管理员说他已经在学校了。A. already已经；B. always总是；C. previously先前地；D.  occasionally偶尔。 根据下文“Actually, he stayed the entire　　6　　, running the pump to make sure the school didn’t　　7　　.”可知，赫曼斯已经在学校了。故选A项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他整晚都待在那里，开着水泵确保学校不会被水淹。A. day日；B. week周；C. morning早晨；D. night晚上。根据下文“At around 11 pm on Wednesday, a(n)　　8　　 reached Hemans saying that water was　　9　　 the school’s basement. He was at home then, but he　　10　　 to brave the storm to make his way to the　　11　　.”可知，赫曼斯在学校待了整个晚上。故选D项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他整晚都待在那里，开着水泵确保学校不会被水淹。A. break短暂休息；B. flood淹没；C. collapse崩溃；D. burst突然爆发。根据上文“The story happened when Hurricane Ida swept New Jersey. Anibal Galiana, the principal of Hackensack Middle School, was　　1　　 about the state of the school after seeing the severe flooding.”可知，洪水很严重，赫曼斯开着水泵是为了确保学校不会被水淹。故选B项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：周三晚上11点左右，赫曼斯接到了警报，称水正在进入学校的地下室。A. appeal吸引；B. letter信；C. alarm警报；D. sound声音。根据下文“saying that water was　　9　　 the school’s basement.”及“Once there, he started the pump to transfer water from the basement to the　　13　　 outside.”可知，此处指赫曼斯接到了水正在进入学校的地下室的警报。故选C项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：周三晚上11点左右，赫曼斯接到了警报，称水正在进入学校的地下室。A. entering进入；B. cleaning清洁；C. leaving离开；D. surrounding包围。根据下文“Once there, he started the pump to transfer water from the basement to the　　13　　 outside.”可知，水已经进到了地下室。故选A项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时他在家，但他决定冒着暴风雨前往大楼。A. agreed同意；B. decided决定；C. expected期待；D. remembered记得。根据上文“At around 11 pm on Wednesday, a(n)　　8　　 reached Hemans saying that water was　　9　　 the school’s basement.”及下文“to brave the storm to make his way to the　　11　　.”可知，赫曼斯接到警报后，决定去学校。故选B项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时他在家，但他决定冒着暴风雨前往大楼。A. office办公室；B. center中心；C. station站点；D. building楼房。根据上文“The new 　　2　　 would start next week and the kids needed a building to　　3　　.”可知，此处指前面提到的楼房。故选D项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从家里到那里很困难，他经常发现自己被迅速上升的水挡住了去路。A. followed跟随；B. blocked挡住（去路）；C. welcomed欢迎；D. separated分隔。根据上文“Getting there from his home was difficult”及下文“by rapidly rising water”可知，此处指他经常发现自己被迅速上升的水挡住了去路。故选B项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一到那里，他就启动水泵把地下室的水输送到外面的街道上。A. street街道；B. stair楼梯；C. pipe水管；D. room房间。根据空后“outside” 可知，此处指把地下室的水输送到外面的街道上。故选A项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，赫曼斯就不睡觉了，每半小时检查一次，确保它还在工作。A. adjust调整；B. start开始；C. check检查；D. repair修复。根据下文“to ensure it was still working”可知，此处指每半小时检查一次水泵，确保它还在工作。故选C项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果它在任何一点发生故障，水就会迅速进入内部。A. fallen陷入；B. delayed延误；C. sunk下沉；D. failed出故障。根据下文“water would have quickly made its way inside.”可知，此处指如果水泵出故障，水就会很快进入地下室。故选D项。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：周四下午两点半左右，他终于回到了自己的家，休息了一下，这是他应得的。A. rest休息；B. praise表扬；C. practice练习；D. help帮助。根据上文“After that, Hemans skipped sleep to　　14　　 it every half hour to ensure it was still working.”可知，赫曼斯工作了一整晚，一直没有休息，此处指回到了自己的家，休息了一下。故选A项。
37．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：尽管加利亚纳对赫曼斯为保护这座建筑而付出的额外努力感到震惊，但仔细想想，他并不那么惊讶。A. because因为；B. if如果；C. although尽管；D. when当……时候。前后句意存在转折关系，应用although引导让步状语从句。故选C项。
38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管加利亚纳对赫曼人为保护这座建筑付出了额外的努力感到震惊，但经过进一步思考，他并没有那么震惊。A. excited激动的；B. touched触动的；C. surprised感到惊讶的；D. confused困惑的。根据上文“　　17　　 Galiana was shocked that Hemans went the extra mile to protect the building, on further reflection, he wasn’t all that”可知，前后是让步关系，尽管加利亚纳很震惊，但是并不那么惊讶。故选C项。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：飓风期间，许多学校遭到破坏，数周内无法使用。A. inaccessible无法接近的；B. unsuccessful不成功的；C. impractical不切实际的；D. unusable无法使用的。根据上文“During the hurricane, many schools saw destruction”及下文“But Hackensack Middle School　　20　　 right on time.”可知，许多学校遭到破坏，数周内无法使用。故选D项。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是哈肯萨克中学准时开学了。A. recovered恢复；B. opened开放；C. returned返回；D. functioned运转。根据下文“When seeing cheerful students studying and playing in school, Hemans knew it was all worth it.”可知，哈肯萨克中学准时开学了。故选B项。

41．which 42．the 43．are 44．levels 45．removing 46．to raise 47．be taken 48．strictly 49．modesty 50．with

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了中国24节气之一——小满。
41．考查关系词。句意：传统的中国农历将一年分为24个节气，这些节气是几千年前创造的，用于指导农业生产和人们的生活。分析句子成分可知，空处应为引导非限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词“24 solar terms”，为物，在从句中充当主语。故填which。
42．考查冠词。句意：小满是中国农历24节气中的第八个节气，是谷物即将成熟的过渡时期，自然会发生微妙的变化，如水位和温度上升。空后为序数词，所以空处应为定冠词the。故填the。
43．考查谓语动词。句意：小满是中国农历24节气中的第八个节气，是谷物即将成熟的过渡时期，自然会发生微妙的变化，如水位和温度上升。分析句子成分可知，空处应为谓语动词，照应主句的谓语动词“is”以及空前的主语“the grains”，可知空处应为一般现在时，且为复数，故填are。
44．考查名词。句意：小满是中国农历24节气中的第八个节气，是谷物即将成熟的过渡时期，自然会发生微妙的变化，如水位和温度上升。“level”词义为“（某时某情况下存在的）数量，程度，浓度”时，为可数名词作宾语。且“and”应连接两个并列的名词复数。故填levels。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：小满是吃苦苣的季节，苦苣具有清血解毒的作用。分析句子成分可知，空处应为doing形式，和“cooling”并列作介词“of”的宾语。故填removing。
46．考查非谓语动词。句意：这是养蚕、煮茧和准备纺车缫丝的最佳时间。分析句子成分可知，空处应为不定式做主语。故填to raise。
47．考查谓语动词。句意：蚕是娇嫩的，应该好好照顾，桑叶应该是新鲜的，而且要严格挑选。分析句子成分可知，空处应为谓语动词。照应主语“Silkworms”以及空前的情态动词“should”可知，应为被动语态，且为动词原形。故填be taken。
48．考查副词。句意：蚕是娇嫩的，应该好好照顾，桑叶应该是新鲜的，而且要严格挑选。应用副词修饰动词“selected”。故填strictly。
49．考查名词。句意：小满也是一个哲学节气，它强调了中国传统价值观谦逊和谦逊的重要性。照应空前的介词“of”，应为名词作宾语。故填modesty。
50．考查介词。句意：它反映了中国人尊重自然、与自然和谐相处的情感纽带、智慧和创造力。固定搭配in harmony with...“与……和谐相处”。故填with。
51．1.by→to
2.the→a
3.talk后and→or
4.Seen→Seeing
5.删除to
6.before→when/while
7.cleanly→clean
8.it→which
9.us后添加can/will
10.measure→measures
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些成为文明公民的建议。
【详解】1.考查介词。句意：正如我们所知，目前我们的政府正在努力使我们的城市成为全国文明城市。句型as is known to sb.表示“众所周知”。故by改为to。
2.考查冠词。句意：正如我们所知，目前我们的政府正在努力使我们的城市成为全国文明城市。city此处为泛指，且National是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故the改为a。
3.考查连词。句意：永远记得说“请”和“谢谢”，不要在公共场合大声说话或大笑。此处为选择关系，应用连词or。故talk后and改为or。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意：看到人们陷入困境，我们不妨向他们伸出援助之手。see与逻辑主语we构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故Seen改为Seeing。
5.考查固定短语。句意：看到人们陷入困境，我们不妨向他们伸出援助之手。短语might as well do sth.表示“不妨做某事”，后跟动词原形，故删除to。
6.考查状语从句。句意：我们必须遵守交通规则，不要在交通灯是红色的时候过马路。此处表示“当……时候”应用when或while引导时间状语从句；before表示“在……之前”不符合语境。故before改为when/while。
7.考查形容词。句意：同时，保持环境清洁也是可取的，这意味着我们不应该在公共场所乱扔垃圾或随地吐痰。此处作宾补，应用形容词clean。故cleanly改为clean。
8.考查定语从句。句意：同时，保持环境清洁也是可取的，这意味着我们不应该在公共场所乱扔垃圾或随地吐痰。逗号后是非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which引导。故it改为which。
9.考查情态动词或时态。句意：只有从我们身边的小事做起，我们才能对我们的城市形象产生巨大的影响。表示“能够”应用情态动词can，此处为部分倒装；或理解为一般将来时，添加will。故us后添加can/will。
10.考查名词的数。句意：让我们现在采取措施，共同努力，使我们的城市更加文明。表示“采取措施”短语为take measures。故measure改为measures。
52．范文
Looking good, feeling good
When it comes to the question which is more important, looking good or feeling good, my answer is that feeling good outweighs looking good.
Feeling good means having good physical and mental health, being happy, and having a positive outlook on life. For teenagers, for one thing, it can improve our confidence and self-esteem, and we can radiate positivity and happiness to those around us. For another thing, it is obvious that the combination of ambition and faith serves as another source of beauty.
In conclusion, while looking good matters, feeling good should always be our top choice. Only by pursuing feeling good rather than looking good can a teenager grasp the true meaning of beauty.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你校英文网站“生活”专栏正在举行征文活动，主题是“Looking good，feeling good”。请你写一篇短文投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
积极的：positive→optimistic
担任：serve as→work as
重要的：important→vital
总之：in conclusion→in a word
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：For teenagers, for one thing, it can improve our confidence and self-esteem, and we can radiate positivity and happiness to those around us.
拓展句：For teenagers, for one thing, not only can it improve our confidence and self-esteem, but also we can radiate positivity and happiness to those around us.
【点睛】[高分句型1] When it comes to the question which is more important, looking good or feeling good, my answer is that feeling good outweighs looking good. (运用了that引导表语从句)
[高分句型2] For another thing, it is obvious that the combination of ambition and faith serves as another source of beauty. (运用了it作形式主语句型)