2022-2023学年四川省广元中学高二下学期第一次段考试题英语含答案

这是一份2022-2023学年四川省广元中学高二下学期第一次段考试题英语含答案，共14页。
广元中学高2021级高二下学期第一次段考
英语试卷
命题人：
（试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Where does Mike want to go?
A. The theater. B. The bookshop. C. The restaurant.
2. What is the woman doing?
A. Asking for directions. B. Having a driving test. C. Studying road signs.
3. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Make a quick phone call. B. Go to the airport with her. C. Talk to her for a minute.
4. What did the girl do during the winter holiday?
A. She visited her teachers. B. She read some books. C. She went sightseeing.
5. What kind of magazines is the man interested in?
A. Political magazines. B. Fashion magazines. C. Outdoor magazines.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. Whom is the biggest gift from?
A. David. B. Jack. C. Sienna.
7. What does Sienna give the woman?
A. A scarf. B. A coat. C. A music box.

听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. Where does the woman work full-time?
A. In a supermarket. B. In a company. C. In a kindergarten.
9. What requirement can’t the woman meet?
A. The age. B. Work experience. C. Much overtime work.

听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Colleagues. C. Neighbors.
11. Why did Mary go to Xiamen?
A. To help her uncle with his business.
B. To escape Wuhan’s heat.
C. To help her uncle with his new department.
12. What does Mary probably think of seafood?
A. Delicious. B. Just so-so. C. Terrible.

听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. How many people will go to the market?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4.
14. How will the man get there?
A. By bus. B. On foot. C. By underground.
15. Where will the woman transfer to the Northern Line?
A. At Bond Street. B. At Camden Town Station. C. At Tottenham Court Road.
16. What time will the speakers meet?
A. At 9:30. B. At 10:00. C. At 10:30.

听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What did the speaker like doing in the first city?
A. Looking at the lights. B. Going to the museums. C. Visiting the sidewalk cafés.
18. What’s the speaker’s nationality?
A. British. B. American. C. French.
19. Which city is a world capital of culture and fashion?
A. Paris. B. New York. C. London.
20. What did The Beatles do in 1969?
A. They walked across Abbey Road.
B. They visited Buckingham Palace.
C. They checked the time at Big Ben.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Science Events from New Scientist
Space, Time and Motion with Sean Carroll
Online | October 20, 2023 | 18:00–19:00
“Where, when and how?” are some of the most fundamental questions we can ask, and knowledge of space, time and motion has been central to the biggest discoveries in physics. Join Sean Carroll, an expert in physics, as he explores deep questions about the nature of space, time and motion, and lays out the framework of classical physics from Galileo and Euclid to Newton and Einstein.
Big Thinkers Series 2023
Online | November 10, 2023
The 2023 Big Thinkers series from New Scientist events features eight online talks streamed throughout 2023, covering a wide range of topics all of which will be brought to you by world-class experts. If you are curious about your brain, your body, our planet or the universe, then this series is your place to hear the latest research.
Memory, the Brain and Who We Are
Online | November 15, 2023 | 18:00–19:00
Psychiatrist Veronica O’Keane will draw examples of the broken memories of psychosis (精神失常) to explain the complex human brain and offer you some expertise (专业知识). How do our brains store and then conjure up (浮现) past experiences to make us who we are? Are there such things as “true” and “false” memories? These examples will offer a new way of thinking about our own personal experiences.
Instant Expert: Understanding Your Brain
The British Library, London | November 19, 2023
At this event, six experts will guide you on a tour of the most attractive object in the known universe. On the way you’ll learn how our brains learn languages, how they store memories and why they need to sleep. Hosted by a New Scientist journalist, our one-day masterclass offers the chance to learn all about the brain directly from the experts.

21. Which event focuses on discoveries in physics?
A. Space, Time and Motion with Sean Carroll.
B. Big Thinkers Series 2023.
C. Memory, the Brain and Who We Are.
D. Instant Expert: Understanding Your Brain.
22. When can you attend lectures given by first-rate experts?
A. On October 20, 2023. B. On November 10, 2023.
C. On November 15, 2023. D. On November 19, 2023.
23. What do the four events have in common?
A. They are held online. B. They each last for one hour.
C. They mainly focus on memory. D. They offer expert guidance.

B
Staff at the Thai Dynasty restaurant in Singapore never thought they’d receive such a huge tip during the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病), when economic condition seemed hard, let alone one as big as $600. But believe it or not, they did.
What was more surprising, however, was the person who left that massive tip for them. It wasn’t from a customer who was feeling extra generous that day. No, it was Jesse, a food delivery rider who came by to pick up an online order.
Being a familiar face among the staff due to frequent orders from the restaurant, the delivery rider wanted to show his best appreciation for their hard work in ensuring orders are prepared on time every time he comes by to pick something up. Along with the tip, he also left a heartfelt written note.
“Hello! I am writing to you all because I am very happy with your food and friendly customer service,” the note starts. “I want to say that your food is really delicious. You know, every day when I’m working, I see you all working so hard, which makes me feel proud of you all. Working is not easy, and I understand that because I am also working. Therefore, I want to thank you all for the good food and I want to help you all. Here inside is $600, for all of you. Share it among yourselves. Thank you once again!”
Speaking to Shin Min Daily, Thai Dynasty director Jason Pay said he never expected such a thing from a delivery rider, despite Jesse being a familiar face. “Employees are allowed to keep the tips for their good service, but they chose to return it, which I’m touched by,” Pay said.
Yes, they managed to return the super generous tip when Jesse swung by a few hours later to pick up another order. But seeing the hard work that the delivery rider highlighted in his staff, Pay decided to reward them the next day with pizza and other dishes for lunch.

24. What does the underlined word “It” in the second paragraph refer to?
A. The tip. B. An note. C. A stranger. D. An order.
25. What impressed Jesse most about the restaurant?
A. The delicious food. B. The familiar faces.
C. The generous customers. D. The positive working attitude.
26. What did the staff do to show their appreciation?
A. They told the story to the newspaper.
B. They gave back the tip to the delivery rider.
C. They helped the delivery rider get more orders.
D. They treated the rider with delicious pizza and other dishes.
27. Which saying can describe the text best?
A. Experience must be bought.
B. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
C. A hero is known in the time of misfortune.
D. Everyone’s love will make the world a better place.

C
In valleys with thick plants, different-sized round and square buildings with faded yellow clay walls and wooden roofs, tulou lie in mountainous villages in Longyan, Fujian Province. There are more than 23,000 tulou in Yongding, which became well-known after 46 were given World Heritage status by UNESCO in 2008. “The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function demonstrating a particular type of communal (共有的) living and defensive organization, and, in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment, an outstanding example of human settlement,” UNESCO said.
The giant multi-storied tulou were built with wood and mud walls. Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries, these massive communal homes were sited based on feng shui principles, which claim to use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their environment. Tulou are also purposefully resting amid tea, tobacco, rice plantations and abundant forests of pine and bamboo.
Throughout history, tulou residents have mostly been Hakka — migrants in southern China. Population pressures created conflict between the Hakka and their neighbors, so they built their homes to double as defending. The buildings are mainly four or five stories high. The first floor serves as the kitchen, the second is used for grain storage and the upper floors act as living areas. The structures are mainly symmetrical (对称的), and their defensive features include ironclad gates, escape tunnels, narrow openings for weapons under the dark-tiled roofs, and a water well. For their defensive function, only rooms on the third floor and higher have windows, which are very small. With sufficient food, the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.
Communal living is integrity to these villages, where the closed wall design boosts social interaction. Residents gather in the courtyard for ceremonies such as ancestor worship and weddings. Tulou is such an extraordinary piece of architecture, living up to the title given by UNESCO.

28. What do we know about tulou?
A. Over 23,000 tulou were given World Heritage status.
B. Among 23,000 tulou, only 46 became famous globally.
C. Tulou is the most outstanding Chinese human settlement.
D. They’re exceptional buildings of tradition and function.
29. What is most important for residents during a long period of conflict?
A. Enough food. B. Escape tunnels. C. Small windows. D. Defensive weapons.
30. What is probably the author’s attitude to the protection of tulou?
A. Unconcerned. B. Favorable. C. Negative. D. Unclear.
31. Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A. Tulou: Given the World Heritage Status by UNESCO in 2008
B. Tulou: a Special Chinese Structure Combining Living and Defending
C. Tulou: Different-Sized Round and Square Buildings
D. Tulou: in Harmony with Their Environments

D
We all try to spend our days doing engaging things, but the reality is that there’s a lot of boring work which also must be done. Whether it’s washing the dishes, filing papers, entering data, or any of the countless dull yet critical tasks that keep our homes, organizations, and communities running, we all have less-than-exciting tasks we have to do. Of course it’s not always easy to get ourselves to stick to these tasks, even if we know we should. What does it take to persist (坚持) when work is boring?
Researchers have explored this question from many angles and studies have shown that people may persist longer when they monitor their progress, receive rewards, or when a task is made more fun. These findings have direct effects on how we design products and policies. For instance, companies are increasingly offering incentives to encourage employees to get more exercise, and managers are carrying out various game strategies to make employees’ work more fun.
Recent research by Harvard University, however, suggests that for tasks that don’t require a lot of attention, there may be a better approach. Researchers conducted a series of studies with over 2,000 participants and found that in many cases, people stop working on tasks earlier than expected not because they aren’t motivated enough, but because the tasks do not need enough attention.
Often, strategies designed to increase persistence will involve changing something about the work itself — but you can only make washing the dishes so exciting or mentally stimulating (振奋人心的). Rather than endlessly attempting to make boring tasks less boring, it can sometimes be more effective instead to pair these activities with other tasks that require more attention. This concept is called tangential immersion (切入式专注法).
Basically, the mind seeks to be engaged. We experience boredom when doing tasks that require less attention than we have available, and this leads us to quit those tasks too early. But if there is a second activity in which we can involve ourselves at the same time with the low-attention task, it can occupy that extra attention, reducing boredom and thus increasing persistence.

32. In what circumstance may people continue with a boring task?
A. When they are full of energy. B. When they want to kill time.
C. When they feel motivated. D. When they lack attention.
33. What does the underlined word “incentives” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Instructions. B. Positions. C. Programmes. D. Rewards.
34. Why did the participants quit their tasks earlier than expected?
A. The tasks were beyond them. B. The studies took too much time.
C. The participants were not devoted. D. The tasks demanded less attention.
35. How can we focus on a boring task according to tangential immersion?
A. By making it more challenging. B. By pairing it with a demanding one.
C. By refreshing the mind regularly. D. By checking the progress repeatedly.

第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Become a More Social Person
Socializing is generally considered a pleasant and leisurely activity. 36 Here are some ways to help you become a more social person over all.
Smile. Everybody wants to be around people who are happy and excited about life. 37 Not only will it instantly make you feel better, but it will also make other people want to be around you, talk to you, and get to know you. A study shows that smiling can help improve your mood and make it easier for you to interact with others.
38 If you are at a party or other social gatherings, make sure your body language says that you want to be approached. Make eye contact with people, give them a nod, and look straight ahead instead of at your feet or the floor, which will make other people more likely to come up to you.
Be genuine. 39 Being fully engaged not only shows that you are friendly, but it also makes for more stimulating and fulfilling interactions with others. Avoid texting or talking on the phone when you are in the middle of a conversation, especially if the subject matter is important.
Ask people questions about themselves. Let’s face it. People love talking about themselves. And if you want to be more social and start talking to people more, then show your interest in people by asking how their day is going, how they’re feeling, and what they have coming up. 40

A. Say something nice.
B. Don’t ask private questions.
C. Have welcoming body language.
D. However, various anxieties can make it hard to interact with others.
E. Even if you don’t always feel happy, force yourself to smile now and then.
F. When talking with somebody, always show a sincere interest in the conversation.
G. They will show you want to open up and are waiting for people to get you talking.

第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I guess a boss must be pleased to hear that his employees are sorry to hear he’s leaving and that they respected him and appreciated the job he’d done. Cards and emails are great, but maybe it’s just 41 1 heartwarming to know that kind words are being said 42 “behind your back”．
I like to do the 43 for my students. Of course I give them my own compliments, but I love to let them know when other adults have 44 their good behavior and attitudes. I want them to know that we aren’t spending our lunch and meeting times 45 about them all the time! I want them to know that we often express our 46 in working with this 47 group of kids, and I want them to know why!
I 48 myself when someone finds how my teenage grandchildren are turning into such fine young people. Then it’s absolutely 49 to let them know it too! I want them to know that people notice them, and that it 50 when what they notice is good and praiseworthy.
I’ve known, from the other side, how much this can 51 . I often lack confidence in my own abilities as a teacher, so it gave me quite a 52 when a friend who works with families in the community 53 that he has heard several times from parents how glad they are to have their kids in my class. It just feels more important 54 to have the words said by people who don’t know I’ll ever hear — when they can be 55 1 honest. Great to hear it and great to 56 !
Sure, it’s pleasant when we can say nice things about other people. It feels good! And I think it’s a 57 1 compliment for people to know of the times when others are saying nice things even 58 ear shot.
Watch for your next opportunity to be the 59 ! Make sure to tell them about the nice things being said behind their backs! Because how will they know 60 we tell them.
41．A．too B．quite C．extra D．rather
42．A．even B．already C．slightly D．ever
43．A．rest B．same C．example D．job
44．A．picked B．recognized C．received D．noticed
45．A．chatting B．complaining C．blaming D．arguing
46．A．pleasure B．interest C．difficulty D．hope
47．A．important B．particular C．excellent D．active
48．A．understand B．thank C．show D．distinguish
49．A．worthy B．right C．necessary D．great
50．A．considers B．matters C．minds D．depends
51．A．mean B．play C．mark D．perform
52．A．evidence B．gift C．lift D．answer
53．A．delivered B．referred C．announced D．mentioned
54．A．somehow B．still C．otherwise D．therefore
55．A．properly B．partly C．totally D．obviously
56．A．remember B．appreciate C．enjoy D．share
57．A．relative B．comparable C．special D．complete
58．A．out of B．because of C．within D．without
59．A．reminder B．reporter C．reader D．carrier
60．A．though B．once C．if D．unless

第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last Tuesday, China’s traditional tea-making 61 (add) to the intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗址) list of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). China now has 43 items on the list, 62 (top) the other countries in the world.
The tea processing techniques and social practices in China consist 63 knowledge, skills, and practices about the 64 (manage) of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, manual (人工) processing, drinking, and sharing of tea.
Since ancient times, Chinese people 65 (plant), picking, making and drinking tea based on natural conditions and local customs. Chinese tea producers have developed six kinds of tea - green, yellow, dark white, oolong and black and there are other 66 (variety) like flower-scented teas, and more than 2,000 tea products.
The traditional tea making techniques are 67 (main) concentrated in the four tea regions in China.
68 , social practices are spread throughout the country and shared by multiple ethnic groups.
Tea appears in many places in Chinese daily life, such as home, workplace, teahouses, restaurants and temples 69 tea is made or boiled. It is also 70 important part of social life and ceremonies.

六、短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Lucy,
Thanks for your concern. I have got use to the life in the USA. With time going on, I gradual learn some social skills here, which help me make friend. Firstly, you must know what to talk about with Americans. It’s best to avoid sensitive topics, like religion and politics, that possibly result in disagreement. Topics such as hobbies, families and weather are quite safe. Always remember the words, “ Talk to a man about himself, or he will speak to you for hours.” For the topics, you need to get prepared advance. Secondly, you should learn to listen. When someone is talking, no matter what dull it is, you needed to listen. In addition, when listen, you’d better encourage the speaker by making eye contact or other positive body language.Most importantly, you must have a confidence to talk with people to avoid silence, because almost anything is better than the embarrassment of a quiet party and silent guests.
Hope you will reply soon.
Li Hua

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Tom最近迷上了中国音乐，他发来电子邮件询问你的音乐喜好。请你给他回一封邮件，内容必须包括：
1. 你喜欢的音乐类型；
2. 喜欢的原因及感受；
3. 你何时何地听音乐。
注意：
1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；3. 开头结尾已写好，不计入词数。
Dear Tom,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

高二下一段英语参考答案
第一部分 听力
1—5 BCACA 6—10 ABACA 11—15 CBBAC 16—20 BCBCA
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节
A篇
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要从活动时间、地点、内容等方面介绍了由《新科学家》组织的四项科学活动。
21. A 细节理解题。从题干的关键信息discoveries in physics可以定位到文章第一部分中的
“... knowledge of space, time and motion has been central to the biggest discoveries in physics.”。由此可知，“Space, Time and Motion with Sean Carroll”聚焦于物理学的发现。故选A。
22. B 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息lectures given by first-rate experts，可以定位到第二部分中的“... eight online talks streamed throughout 2023, covering a wide range of topics all of which will be brought to you by world-class experts.”，再根据小标题下方的举办时间可知，观众在2023年11月10日可参加由世界级的（即“一流的”）专家带来的讲座。故选B。
23. D 细节理解题。从第一部分中的第二句“Join Sean Carroll, an expert in physics ...”、第二部分中的第一句“... by world-class experts.”、第三部分中的第一句“... offer you some expertise (专业知识).”和第四部分中的第一句“... six experts will guide you ...”可以归纳出，四项活动的共同点为“这些活动都提供专家指导”。故选D。
B篇
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在新加坡，一位送餐员给了一家餐厅的员工们一笔高额的小费作为对他们辛勤工作的感谢，而餐厅的员工们将这笔小费退还给了同样辛勤工作的送餐员的故事。
24. A 指代判断题。根据第二段第一、二句“What was more surprising, however, was the person who left that massive tip for them. It wasn’t from a customer who was feeling extra generous that day.（更令人惊讶的是给他们留下高额小费的人。这并非来自一位那天特别慷慨的顾客。）”可推知，It指代的是上文中提到的“小费”。故选A。
25. D 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Being a familiar face among the staff due to frequent orders from the restaurant, the delivery rider wanted to show his best appreciation for their hard work in ensuring orders are prepared on time every time he comes by to pick something up.”可知，由于经常收到餐厅的订单，这名送餐员成了员工们熟悉的面孔，这名送餐员想对员工们的辛勤工作表示感谢，因为每次他来取东西时，员工们都能确保订单按时准备好。由此可推知，令Jesse印象最深的是这家餐厅里员工们积极的工作态度。故选D。
26. B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句中的“Employees are allowed to keep the tips for their good service, but they chose to return it, which I’m touched by”可知，员工们因其良好的服务而被允许保留小费，但他们选择退还小费。由此可知，员工们通过将小费还给了送餐员来表示他们的感激。故选B。
27. D 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了在新加坡，一位送餐员在经济状况困难的新型冠状病毒疫情期间给了一家餐厅的员工们一笔高额的小费作为对他们辛勤工作的感谢，而餐厅的员工们将这笔小费退还给了同样辛勤工作的送餐员的故事。D项“只要人人都献出一点爱，世界会变得更加美好”符合本文主旨。故选D。
C篇
本文是一篇说明文。2008年，46座永定土楼被正式列入世界文化遗产名录，此后，永定土楼闻名于世。文章主要介绍了永定土楼的建筑风格和特色。
28. D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function demonstrating a particular type of communal (共有的) living and defensive organization”可知，永定土楼是传统和功能建筑的杰出典范，展示了一种特殊类型的集体生活和防御结构。故选D。
29. A 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“With sufficient food, the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.”可知，有足够的食物，居民们就能够在长期的冲突中生存下来。由此可知，在长期的冲突中，充足的食物对居民们来说最重要。故选A。
30. B 观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句“Tulou is such an extraordinary piece of architecture, living up to the title given by UNESCO.”可知，土楼是如此非凡的建筑，被列入世界文化遗产名录是名副其实的。由此可推知，作者对于保护土楼持赞成态度。故选B。
31. B 标题概括题。通读全文尤其是第一段内容可知，本文介绍了46座永定土楼被正式列入世界文化遗产名录，此后，永定土楼闻名于世。接下来，文章主要介绍了土楼的建筑风格和特色——土楼独特的建筑结构结合了生存和防御功能。B项“一种集生存和防御于一体的独特结构”符合本文主旨，适合作本文的标题。故选B。
D篇
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了坚持完成无聊的工作的方法。
32. C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“... studies have shown that people may persist longer when they monitor their progress, receive rewards, or when a task is made more fun.”可知，研究已经表明，当人们监测自己的进展、获得奖励，或当一项任务变得更有趣时，他们可能会坚持更久。故选C。
33. D 词义猜测题。画线词所在句的上文“... studies have shown that people may persist longer when they monitor their progress, receive rewards ...”中的rewards一词是重要的提示。根据画线词所在句的后一分句可知，管理者们在实施各种游戏策略（激励机制之一）来让员工们的工作更加有趣。由此可推测出，画线词所在句的前一分句指“（各家）公司正在不断地提供奖励来鼓励员工……”。故选D。
34. D 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“... in many cases, people stop working on tasks earlier than expected not because they aren’t motivated enough, but because the tasks do not need enough attention.”可知，那些实验参与者之所以过早放弃他们的任务，是因为那些任务不需要足够的注意力。而且最后一段中的“We experience boredom when doing tasks that require less attention than we have available, and this leads us to quit those tasks too early.”对第三段最后一句的说法加以强调，即当我们在做需要较少注意力的任务时，我们会感到无聊——这导致我们过早地放弃那些任务。故选D。
35. B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Rather than endlessly attempting to make boring tasks less boring, it can sometimes be more effective instead to pair these activities with other tasks that require more attention. This concept is called tangential immersion (切入式专注法).”可知，与其无休止地试图让无聊的任务不那么无聊，有时将这些活动与其他需要更多注意力的任务结合起来反而会更有效。这个概念被称为“切入式专注法”。这与B项说法相符。故选B。
第二节
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于如何成为一个更善于交际的人的方法。
36. D 考查句间的转折关系。空前一句谈到，交际通常被视为一种令人愉快的、放松的活动。空后则在说有一些方法可以帮助你成为一个更善交际的人。结合上下文语境可知，D项（然而，种种焦虑会使得与他人交流变得困难。）符合此处的语境。故选D。
37. E 考查句间的承接关系。空前一句提到，大家都喜欢让身边围绕着快乐且对生活充满激情的人；后文则提到微笑的种种益处；且空后一句中的it指代的是上文提到的一种做法。由此可推断，E项（即使你并不总是感到快乐也要强迫自己时不时地微笑。）符合此处的语境，也与本段的主旨句“Smile.”相契合。故选E。
38. C 考查段落的总分关系。分析文章结构及空处所在的位置可知，空处应填本段的主旨句。后文谈到在社交聚会中要用肢体语言表达你想和别人交流的意愿，同时列举了几种在社交过程中常用的肢体语言。所以本段主要讲述的是使用热情的肢体语言这一方法。故选C。
39. F 考查句间的承接关系。本段的主旨句表示“要真诚”，接下来应是对此句的内容进行解释说明。分析选项可知，F项（在与某人谈话的时候，要一直表现出对这段谈话的真诚的兴趣。）符合此处的语境。故选F。
40. G 考查段落的总分关系。前文提到通过问一些问题来表达对对方的兴趣。空处位于段尾，应总结上文所述。分析选项可知，G项（他们会表明你想要畅所欲言并正等着人们跟你交谈。）符合该处语境，选项中的They指代的是前文列出的那些问题。故选G。
41--45 CABDB 46--50ABDCB    51--55 ACDAC 56--60 DCABD   
【导语】本篇文章夹叙夹议。作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉我们别人夸奖的重要意义，夸奖会让我们变得更好更出色，即使有时不是自己亲耳听到的。
41． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：卡片和电子邮件很好，但也许知道别人在“你背后”说的好话更让人温暖。A. too太，也；B. quite非常；C. extra特别地，非常；D. rather相当。根据“but maybe it’s just___1___heartwarming ”中的but可知，员工们的话听后是特别温暖人心的，故选C项。
42．考查副词词义辨析。句意：卡片和电子邮件很好，但也许知道别人在“你背后”说的好话更让人温暖。A. even甚至；B. already已经；C. slightly轻微地；D. ever曾经。根据“kind words are being said___2___behind your back.”可知，那些恭维的话甚至是在你背后说的，也特别温暖，故选A项。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也喜欢为我的学生做同样的事。A. rest其余的，剩下的；B. same同样的事物；C. example例子，榜样；D. job工作。根据下一句“Of course I give them my own compliments，but I love to let them know when other adults have__4___their good behavior and attitudes.”可知，我也会称赞我的学生，并用别人背后夸奖的话来夸，说明我也喜欢对学生做同样的事，故选B项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也给学生们我的夸奖，但我愿意让他们知道其他成年人也注意到了他们好的行为和态度。A. picked挑选；B. recognized识别，认出；C. received接收；D. noticed注意。根据前面一句“I like to do the __3____ for my students.”可以推断出，作者拿别人注意到的好的行为和态度，来夸赞自己的学生，故选D项。
45． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想让他们知道，我们不会在午餐和会议时间一直抱怨他们！A. chatting聊天，闲谈；B. complaining抱怨；C. blaming责备；D. arguing争论。根据下一句“I want them to know that we often express our ______in working with this ___group of kids，and I want them to know why!”可以推测出来，作者想要表达自己很愿意和这些孩子在一起，那么推测出来，一定不是抱怨他们，故选B项。
46．名词词义辨析。句意：我想让他们知道，我们会在与这一群特别的孩子们合作时表达我们的快乐，我想让他们知道为什么！A. pleasure快乐；B. interest兴趣，爱好；C. difficulty困难；D. hope希望。根据上一句“I want them to know that we aren’t spending our lunch and meeting times __5_____about them all the time!”可知，我们不抱怨他们，那说明我们会表达我们和他们在一起是快乐的，故选A项。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想让他们知道，我们会在与这一群特别的孩子们合作时表达我们的快乐，我想让他们知道为什么！A. important重要的；B. particular特别的，独有的；C. excellent极好的，杰出的；D. active积极的，活跃的。根据“with this _____ group of kids”可以推测出，在作者眼里这些孩子都是特别的，独有的。故选B项。
48． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当有人发现我十几岁的孩子们是如何变成如此优秀的年轻人时，我就与众不同了。A. understand理解；B. thank感谢；C. show显示，展示；D. distinguish使突出。根据“when someone finds how my teenage grandchildren are turning into such fine young people.”可知，我把孩子们培养的非常优秀，那么我自己就会很突出了，故选D项。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么让他们也知道这一点是绝对必要的！A. worthy值得的；B. right正确的；C. necessary必要的；D. great伟大的。根据后一句“I want them to know that people notice them, and that it _____when what they notice is good and praiseworthy.”可知，我让他们知道，别人注意到他们的一些优点，并且这些都很重要，从而推测出，这一点非常有必要！故选C项。
50． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想让他们知道，人们会注意到他们，当他们注意到好的、值得称赞的东西时，这很重要。A. considers考虑；B. matters要紧，有关系；C. minds介意；D. depends依靠。根据“that it _____when what they notice is good and praiseworthy.”可知，别人注意到的，值得称赞的优点，对于个人来讲很重要，故选B项。
51． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认识到,从另一个角度来看,这可能意味着什么。A. mean意味，想要；B. play游戏，玩耍；C. mark标志，做记号；D. perform执行，完成。根据下一句中“it gave me quite a ____when a friend”可知，通过作者的亲身经历，他明白称赞意味着什么，故选A项。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为老师我经常对我的能力缺乏信心，所以当听到一个在社区工作的朋友说，很多家长提到因为孩子在我的班而高兴，这确实很让我振奋。A. evidence证据；B. gift礼物；C. lift提升；D. answer回答，答案。根据“when a friend who works with families in the community ___ that he has heard several times from parents how glad they are to have their kids in my class.”可知，作者在听到朋友转述社区家长对他称赞时，特别的开心，情绪高涨，而“lift”在此表示“情绪振奋”，故选C项。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为老师我经常对我的能力缺乏信心，所以当听到一个在社区工作的朋友说，很多家长提到因为孩子在我的班而高兴，这确实很让我振奋。A. delivered递送；B. referred参考，涉及；C. announced宣布；D. mentioned提及，提到。根据“when a friend who works with families in the community ___ that he has heard several times from parents how glad they are to have their kids in my class.”可知，此处指朋友提到家长们因为孩子在我的班高兴的事，故选D项。
54．考查副词词义辨析。句意：以某种方式，听到不认识的人说这些话感到更重要——那时，他们是非常诚实的。A. somehow以某种方法，莫名其妙地；B. still仍旧；C. otherwise否则；D. therefore因此。根据“It just feels more important ____ to have the words said by people who don’t know I’ll ever hear — when they can be ___ honest.”可知，以某种方式听到不认识的人说这些话感到更重要，此处指通过朋友转述听到信息，故选A项。
55．考查副词词义辨析。句意：以某种方式，听到不认识的人说这些话感到更重要——那时，他们是非常诚实的。A. properly适当地；B. partly部分地；C. totally完全地；D. obviously明显地。根据“It just feels more important ____ to have the words said by people who don’t know I’ll ever hear”可知，因为他们不会想到我会听到这些话，这证明他们非常诚实，故选C项。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很高兴听到这些话也很高兴分享这些快乐。A. remember记得；B. appreciate欣赏，感激；C. enjoy享受；D. share分享。根据“Great to hear it and great to ___!”可知，很高兴听到别人背后的称赞，同时也很高兴去分享这个快乐，故选D项。
57． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为这是一种特别的赞美，让人们知道别人说好话的时候，即使耳朵听不到。A. relative相对的；B. comparable可比较的，比得上的；C. special特别的；D. complete完全的。根据“know of the times when others are saying nice things”可知，人们知道别人在说他们的好话，推测是特别的称赞，故选C项。
58． 考查介词及介词短语辨析。句意：我认为这是一种特别的赞美，让人们知道别人说好话的时候，即使耳朵听不到。A. out of在……外；B.because of因为 ；C. within在……之内；D. without没有。根据“even ____ ear shot”以及上文讲到的背后赞叹别人，可以推测出这里是耳朵听不到的，背后的赞美，故选A项。
59． 考查名词词义辨析。等待你的下一个报道的机会！A. reminder提醒物；B. reporter报道者；C. reader读者；D. carrier载体，运送者。根据后一句“Make sure to tell them about the nice things being said behind their backs!”可知，我们要学会称赞别人，像记者一样告诉他们，别人是如何赞叹他们的。故选B项。
60．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：因为如果我们不告诉他们，他们怎么知道。A. though尽管；B. once一旦；C. if如果；D. unless除非在……情况下。根据“Because how will they know ___ we tell them”可知，这里表示除非我们告诉他们，否则他们很难知道，故选D项。
61．was added    62．topping    63．of    64．management    65．have been planting    66．varieties    67．mainly    68．However    69．where   70．an
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国传统制茶被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。
61．考查时态和语态。句意：上周二，中国传统制茶被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。根据句中时间状语Last Tuesday可知，用一般过去时。主语为China’s traditional tea-making，与add之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was added。
62．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国目前有43个项目上榜，居世界首位。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语China与top之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填topping。
63．考查介词。句意：中国的茶叶加工技术和社会实践包括关于茶园管理、茶叶采摘、手工加工、饮用和分享的知识、技能和实践。consist of由……组成。故填of。
64．考查名词。句意：中国的茶叶加工技术和社会实践包括关于茶园管理、茶叶采摘、手工加工、饮用和分享的知识、技能和实践。the +名词 +of。故填management。
65．考查时态。句意：自古以来，中国人就在自然条件和当地习俗的基础上种植、采摘、泡茶和饮茶。根据时间状语Since ancient times和句意可知，用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，并继续持续下去。主语为Chinese people，谓语动词用have。故填have been planting。
66．考查名词的数。句意：自古以来，中国人就在自然条件和当地习俗的基础上种植、采摘、泡茶和饮茶。other为形容词，后接复数名词。故填varieties。
67．考查副词。句意：传统的制茶工艺主要集中在中国四大茶区。修饰动词concentrated，用副词形式。故填mainly。
68．考查副词。句意：然而，社会习俗遍布全国各地，并为多个民族所共享。句中用副词作状语。根据句意，表示转折关系，所以用副词however。故填However。
69．考查定语从句。句意：在中国人的日常生活中，茶出现在许多地方，如家里，工作场所，茶馆，餐馆和寺庙，这些地方泡茶或煮茶。句中先行词为places，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
70．考查冠词。句意：它也是社会生活和仪式的重要组成部分。名词part为可数名词，泛指。且形容词important发音以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。
短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
1. use→used 2.gradual→ gradually 3.friend→friends 4. that → which
5. or→ and 6. advance前加in 7. what → how 8. needed→ need
9. when后的listen→listening 10. 去掉confidence前的a
书面表达参考范文
Dear Tom,
It’s very nice to hear from you. How are you getting on? I am glad to know that you become interested in Chinese music recently. Now I’d like to share my feelings and ideas about music with you.
As we all know, music plays an important part in our life and there are all kinds of music in the world such as classical music, pop music, rock music and so on. As far as I am concerned, I am crazy about pop music, because it can make me feel relaxed and cheer me up when I feel depressed or sad. It can help me reduce stress in life and offer relief from busy daily life.
I often enjoy listening to music on CD or on the radio at home. It’s a pity that we are not allowed to listen to music at school. If you can come to China, I’ll accompany you to go to some live concerts.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Best whishes.
Yours,
Li Hua