小升初英语语法专项讲解+练习学案：介词（含答案）

小升初语言知识运用

介词

介词是一种虚词，必须与名词、代词、动名词、形容词、数词、动词等一起构成句子成分。

介词能表示“时间、地点、方位、方式、手段”等含义，也能与名词、动词、形容词等构成成千上万的搭配形式，其中有很多搭配要灵活运用，也有许多常用的固定搭配要熟记于心。

一、表示时间的介词

1.用at的时间短语

（1）具体时刻: at 7o'clock在七点钟  at 9:15在九点一刻

（2）用餐时间: at lunch time 在午餐时间  at tea break 在茶点休息时间

（3）节日: at Christmas 在圣诞节  at Easter 在复活节

（4）年龄: at ten / at the age of ten10岁时

（5）其他时间: at noon 在正午   at night/midnight 在夜间/午夜

at that time 在那时  at (on) weekends 在周末

2.用on的时间短语（主要表示具体某一天，包括某一天的上午、下午或晚上）

（1）星期几: on Thursday 在星期四

星期几的上午/下午/晚上: on Sunday afternoon 在星期天下午

（2）日期: on May 21st 在五月二十一日

日期的上午/下午/晚上: on the morning of January 22nd 在一月二十二日的上午

（3）节日: on Children's Day 在儿童节

3.用in的时间短语

（1）泛指一天的上午、下午或晚上: in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/ 下午/晚上

（2）月份: in September 在九月份

（3）年份: in2010在2010年

（4）季节: inspring/summer/autumn/winter在春/夏/秋/冬季

（5）*年龄: inhertwenties在她二十多岁时inhisfifties在他五十多岁时

4. before, after, in

before 表示在某一时间或某件事情之前；

after 表示在某一时间或某件事情之后；

in+一段时间:表示一段时间之后，用于将来时，例如:

I always brush my teeth before going to bed. 我睡觉前总是刷牙。

My grandma often takes a walk after supper. 我奶奶经常在晚饭后散步。

My uncle will come to my home in two days. 我叔叔两天后要来我家。

典型例题

(1)  (　　　)I was born _________ November15th, 2002.

A. in    B. on   C. at

正确答案B

解题思路 November 15th，2002表示2002年11月15日，是具体某一天，应该用介词 on。

(2)  (　　　) _________ a cold winter morning, a farmer went to the farm alone.

A. In   B. At   C. On

正确答案 C

解题思路 a winter morning 表示“一个寒冷的冬天的早晨”，是具体某一天的早晨，应该用介词

on。

二、表示空间和方位的介词

1. at , in

at 用于建筑物、机场、车站等较小范围的地点；

in 用于国家、城市等较大范围的地点，例如:

at home 在家    at school 在学校    at the sports meet 在运动会上

at the party 在晚会上  at the airport 在机场  at the railway station 在火车站

at the bus stop 在汽车站 in the world 在世界上   in America 在美国

in our city 在我们的城市里

注意: 当同一场所被看为一个地点，不强调在空间时用at；当强调其内在的空间时用 in，例如:

Let's meet at Wanda Cinema. 我们在万达电影院见面吧。

There are 1, 000 seats in Wanda Cinema. 万达电影院内有一千个座位。

典型例题

(　　　) My father will arrive _________ Beijing the day after tomorrow.

A. at   B. in    C. to

正确答案B

解题思路 词组 arrive in/at都是“到达”的意思，arrive in 表示到达较大的地方（例如城市、国家

等）， arrive at 表示到达的是较小的地方（例如学校、机场等）， Beijing是大地方，所以应该用

arrive in。

2. on, above, over, below, under

on 表示“在…上面”，有接触面，例如:

The bowls are on the table. 碗在桌子上。

above 表示“在…上方”，不接触，但不强调是否垂直，例如:

There are some birds flying above the tree. 树的上空有一些小鸟在飞。

over 表示“在…正上方”，不接触，垂直，例如:

There is a bridge over the river. 河上方有座桥。

below 表示“在…下方”，不接触，但不强调垂直，例如:

There is a street below my windows. 在我的窗下有一条街。

under 表示“在…的下面”，不接触，但垂直，例如:

There is a football under the desk. 书桌下面有一只足球。

注意: above 与 below 相对, over 与 under 相对。

典型例题

(1) Please sign your name _________ the line. (under, below)

正确答案 below

解题思路 below 指紧挨着物体的下面，而 under 指物体的下方。该题的意思是“请在线的下面签

字”，所以选 below。

(2) Balloons are flying _________ the town. (on, over)

正确答案 over

解题思路 over 是指上方，上空，无接触面，而 on 是指在…的上面，有接触面。该题的意思是“气球在小镇的上空飞过”，所以选 over。

3. at, by, beside, next, near

at, by, beside 均表示"在…旁边";

next to 表示“紧靠…的旁边”；

near 表示“在…的附近”，例如:

She sat down at the table and drank the coffee. 她在桌边坐下后喝咖啡。

She sat by her mother. 她靠着她妈妈坐下。

He put the umbrella beside the door. 他把伞放在门边。

The music room is next to our classroom. 音乐教室在我们教室的隔壁。

There is a supermarket near my home. 我家附近有一家超市。

典型例题

(　　　) I often do my homework _________ the desk in my room.

A. on    B. at     C. by

正确答案 B

解题思路 该题的意思是“我经常在我房间的桌边做作业。at the desk 就是坐在桌边，两手趴在桌子上的姿势。

[来源:学+科+网]

4. between, among

between 和 among 都表示"在…之间", between 表示"在两者之间", among表示“在三者或三者以上的中间”，例如:

He stood between his two brothers. 他站在他两个哥哥的中间。

He sat among his toys. 他坐在他的玩具中间。

5. in, to

in 表示某事物或某地在一个区域内；

to 表示某事物或某地相对于另一事物或地方的位置，例如:

Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。

Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。

注意: in 和 on 的区别，请对比:

（1）There is a photo on the newspaper. 表示照片在报纸的上方。(照片不是报纸的内容)

（2）There is a photo in the newspaper. 表示报纸上有张照片。(照片是报纸的内容)

典型例题

(1)There is a bird _________ the tree. (in, on)

正确答案 in

解题思路 该题的意思是“树上有只鸟”，鸟本来不在树上，是后来飞上去的，应用 in。

(2) There is an apple _________ the tree. (in, on)

正确答案 on

解题思路 该题的意思是“树上有只苹果”，这苹果长在树上，应用 on。

6. in front of, in the front of

in front of 表示在某一空间外部的前面, 反义词为 behind;

in the front of 表示在某一空间内部的前面, 反义词为 at the back of, 例如:

Don't stand in front of the bus. 不要站在公交车的前面。

Don't sit in the front of the bus. 不要坐在公交车的前排。

7. across, through

across 和 through 都表示"穿过",

across 指在表面穿过, 例如:

walk across the road 穿过马路

swim across the river 游过河

through 指在里面穿过, 例如:

go through the tunnel 穿过隧道

三、表示手段和材料的介词

1. by 表示用某种方式，多用于交通

例如:  Lucy always goes to school by car. 露西总是乘小汽车去上学。

We often keep in touch by e - mail. 我们经常通过电子邮件保持联系。

注意: 表示搭乘交通工具时, 用by时不用冠词, 如: by bus/train/plane/ship/bike …乘公共汽车/火车/飞机/轮船/自行车等。用 in 时要用冠词，如: I went there by bus/in a bus. 我坐公共汽车去那里。

2. on 表示“以…方式”，多用于固定词组   例如:

They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话交谈。

She learns English on the radio/on TV. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。

3. with 表示用某种工具  例如:  

I often do my homework with a ball pen. 我经常用圆珠笔写作业。

He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把窗户玻璃砸破了。

注意: with表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词。

4. in 表示用某种材料、语言或穿…颜色的衣服  例如:  

She wrote the letter in ink. 她用钢笔写这封信的。

They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。

The boy in black is our monitor. 穿黑衣服的男孩是我们的班长。

注意: in指用材料，不用冠词；而 with 指用工具，要用冠词。例如:

用铅笔画画可以说 draw in pencil 或 draw with a pencil。

5. of, from:都表示某种材料制成，但是使用 of 表示成品仍可看出原料，使用 from 表示成品已

看不出原料  例如:  

The box is made of wood. 这个盒子是由木头制成的。

Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是由葡萄酿成的。

典型例题

(1)  (　　　)Please fill in the form _________ pen first.

A. in    B. with    C. by

正确答案 A

解题思路 pen 前面没有冠词或物主代词，那么就应该选 in，这句话的意思是 “请先用钢笔填写这张表格”。

(2)  (　　　)Paper is made _________ wood.

A. of    B. on    C. from

正确答案C

解题思路 这句话的意思是“纸是由木头做成的”，纸已看不出木头这种材料，所以应选 from。

四、常用的介词固定搭配

1. about:

what about/how about 怎么样

worry about 担心

walk about 四处走走

a story/movie about 关于…的故事/电影

2. after:

after school 放学后  

after class 下课后

look after 照顾  

day after day 日复一日

year after year 年复一年  

go/run after 追赶

after all 终究, 毕竟

3. at:

at home 在家  

at school 在校

at work 在工作时  

at the foot of 在…的脚下

at the bottom of 在…的底部  

at the beginning of 在…开始

at the end of 在…结束时  

at once 立刻

(not) at all 根本（不），完全（不）  

look at 看

laugh at 嘲笑  

smile at 对…微笑

throw at 扔向  

shout at 向…喊

be good at sth. /doing sth. 擅长于…

be bad/poor at sth. /doing sth. 不擅长于…

4. around:

walk around sth. 绕着…走

show sb. around 带某人参观某地

around the country 全国

around the world 全世界

5. before:

the day before yesterday 前天

6. by:

pass by 路过, 经过  

by the end of 到…末为止

by the way 顺便说一下  

day by day 一天一天地

little by little/bit by bit 一点一点地

by mistake 出错

7. for:

for a while 一会儿  

for example 例如

for the first time 第一次  

for the last time 最后一次

buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物  

make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物

be good for 对…有好处  

be bad for 对…不好

be famous for 以…闻名  

be/get ready for 为…作准备

be late for 迟到

be/feel sorry for 对…感到遗憾/抱歉

look for 寻找  

wait for 等待

pay for 支付  [来源:学,科,网]

leave for 出发去某地

go for a walk 去散步  

go for a picnic 去野餐

It's time for … 到了…的时间

8. from: [来源:学科网ZXXK]

be far from 远离  

be different from 不同于

from door to door 挨家挨户  

from time to time 时不时, 有时

from Monday to Friday 从周一到周五

from now on 从现在起  

come from 来自

take away … from 从…拿走

learn from 向…学习  

borrow … from 从…借

be made from 由…制成(看不见原材料)

be absent from 缺席

9. in:

in a line 排成一列  

in three rows 成三行

in a hurry 匆忙中  

in a minute 很快, 马上

in time 及时  

in no time 立刻, 马上

in fact 事实上  

in/on the street 在街上

in the middle of 在…的当中

in the east/west/south/north 在东/西/南/北方

in all 总共  

in danger 处于危险中

in trouble 有麻烦  

in difficulty 困难中

be interested in 对…感兴趣  

do well in 在…方面做得好

10. like:

look like 看起来像  

sound like 听起来像

feel like 摸上去像  

seem like 看上去像

just like 就像[来源:Zxxk.Com]

be like:

What's sb. /sth. like? 某人/某物怎么样?

What's the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样?

11. of:

a group of 一群  

a kind of 一种

a lot of/lots of 许多  

plenty of 许多

one of…其中之一  

of course 当然

be full of sth. 充满  

be afraid of 害怕…

be fond of 喜欢

be made of 由…制成（看得见原材料）

take care of 照顾 

hear of 听说

12. on:

on the right/left 在右/左边  

on time 准时

on foot 步行  

on business 出差

on one's way to 在某人去…的路

a book on India 一本关于印度的书

put on 穿上

try on 试穿

get on 上(车)

turn on 打开  

switch on 打开

be on 上映，上演

on duty 值班, 值日

and so on 等等

13. off:

take off 脱下  

jump off 跳下

fall off 从…掉下来  

get off 下(车)

turn off 关掉  

switch off 关掉

14. out of:

come out of 从…里出来

get out of the car 下车(从小汽车里出去)

look out of the window 看窗外

take sth. out of 从…拿出某物

15. to:

be kind/friendly to sb. 对某人友好

be close to 靠近

go to school 上学

go to work 上班

go to bed 睡觉  

have to do sth. 不得不做某事

back to back 背靠背  

face to face 面对面

the answer to the problem 题目的答案

the key to the door 门的钥匙

from … to … 从…到…

in order to do sth. 为了…

too … to … 太…以至于不能…

look forward to sth. 盼望某事

16. with:

make friends with 与…交朋友

play with 与…玩

help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事

be busy with 忙于

get along with 与…相处

with a smile 带着微笑  

quarrel with 与…吵架

fight with 与…打架  

be familiar with 对…熟悉

be covered with 覆盖着  

be filled with 充满

be satisfied with 对…感到满意

What's wrong with you? What's wrong with you? /What's the matter with you? 你怎么了?

How is everything going with you? 你最近怎么样?

练习

一、根据句意，填入合适的介词。

1. I was _________ the grocer's yesterday.

2. There's a big picture _________ the wall.

3. The boy is walking _________ the street.

4. My uncle lives _________ the USA.

5. She's coming out _________ the shop.

6. The 6th is _________ the 5th and 7th.

7. It's 7: 00. John went _________ the kitchen and took some food for breakfast.

8. John was at school _________ Monday.

9. Look, the cat is jumping _________ the wall.

10. Our friends arrived _________ ten o’clock last night.

二、选择正确的介词或介词词组填空，每词只能使用一次。

1. Look, there are some birds singing _________ the tree.

2. Mary and May are drawing pictures _________ the tree.

3. It's cold. Please come and sit _________ the fire.

4. Please sign your name _________ the line.

5. Balloons are flying _________ the town.

6. Mrs. Brown often does some shopping _________ Saturday afternoon.

7. Miss Green is sitting _________ the students of Class Three.

8. I am taller than Jim, so I sit _________ him.

9. The cinema is _________ here. Let's walk there.

10. There is a bookshelf _________ the desk.

11. It's seven in the evening. The Browns are having dinner _________ the table.

12. Our teacher is standing _________ the classroom. He is speaking to us.

13. Don't stand _________ the car. It’s dangerous.

14. The mountain is over 4, 000 meters _________ sea level.

15. There is a bench _________ the two trees.

三、用in, behind, on, with, for, beside填空。

1. There is a supermarket _________ my home.

2. I am going to Century Park _________ my classmates this Saturday.

3. This bottle of orange juice is _________ my cousin.

4. Kitty and his father often go for a picnic _________ spring.

5. We are going to Hangzhou _________ the third of October.

6. John is my deskmate. He is sitting _________ me.

7. -- Is this gift _________ me?   -- No. Your gift is _________ the box. Open it.

四、汉译英。[来源:学科网ZXXK]

1. 穿蓝色衣服的女孩 __________________ 

2. 在四年级 __________________

3. 在火车站 __________________  

4. 在第八频道 __________________

5. 擅长跳舞 __________________  

6. 关于这部电影 __________________

7. 在他去上学的路上 __________________ 

8. 在中国的南部 __________________

9. 打开电视 __________________  

10. 关灯 __________________

11. 上公共汽车 __________________  

12. 下公共汽车 __________________

13. 总共 __________________  

14. 过马路 __________________

15. 来自美国 __________________  

16. 事实上 __________________

17. 准时 __________________  

18. 题目的答案 __________________

五、选择填空。

(　　　)1. Don't take the magazines _________ the reading room.

A. out   B. at    C. out of

(　　　)2. Welcome _________ Shanghai!

A. in    B. to    C. at

(　　　)3. I always go to school _________ foot.

A. on    B. in    C. to

(　　　)4. Please write _________ me about your family.

A. with   B. to    C. from

(　　　)5. We will play football _________ Class One.

A. to    B. and   C. against

(　　　)6. I often play the piano _________ Sunday morning

A. in    B. on   C. at

(　　　)7. I was glad to see you _________ TV.

A. on    B. in    C. at

(　　　)8. There is a picture _________ my school on the wall.

A. of    B. for   C. to

(　　　)9. "You are a good child, "My mother said _________ a smile.

A. with   B. for   C. at

(　　　)10. I am interested _________ drawing pictures.

A. in    B. to    C. from

(　　　)11. Ten years later, small trees grew _________ big trees

A. up    B. into   C. in

(　　　)12. My uncle took me _________ the funfair last Sunday.

A. to    B. in    C. for

(　　　)13. It's too noisy. Please turn _________ the TV.

A. off    B. up   C. on

(　　　)14. Dennis was late _________ school, because he was sick.

A. with   B. for   C. off

(　　　)15. Do you often write notes _________ your mum when you are out?

A. off    B. to    C. for

(　　　)16. I received a beautiful doll _________ a birthday gift.

A. as    B. to    C. for

(　　　)17. The high temperature will go _________ from 15 to 4 degrees this afternoon.

A. up    B. to    C. down

(　　　)18. The sun gives _________ light and heat.

A. out   B. off   C. of

(　　　)19. It's very kind _________ you. Thank you very much.

A. of    B. for   C. to

(　　　)20. We can see a lot of stars in the sky _________ the summer night.

A. at    B. in    C. on

六、根据括号内的提示完成下列句子。

1. He _________（来自北京）.

2. Harbin is _________（在中国的北部）.

3. -- What's the weather like in Shanghai?   -- It's warm _________ (在春天).

4. _________ (五班的男孩) are playing football in the playground.

5. We can see many butterflies flying _________ (花丛中).

6. _________ (顺便说一下), I'll come back late tonight.

7. My father will go to USA _________ (乘飞机).

8. It's cold outside. _________ (穿上) your thick coat.

9. It's 12 o'clock. It's _________ (该吃午饭了)

10. You look pale. _________ (你怎么了)?

七、阅读短文，填入适当的介词，使文章通顺。

Mary is my good friend. She is _________ (1) Beijing. Now she studies _________ (2) Red Star Primary School _________ (3) Shanghai. She is a model student. She's clever and helpful. She is friendly _________ (4) me. She always smiles _________ (5) me. She is good _________ (6) English and maths. And she often helps me _________ (7)my lessons. She has many hobbies. She likes painting and drawing. And she likes to listen _________ (8) the music. _________ (9) school we often go home together. At weekends I play _________ (10) her. Mary is the best friend of mine.

八、阅读短文，根据所给提示填空，使文章意思通顺。

Tom is a worker (1) _________ (在一个大商店里). He doesn't work (2) _________ (在上午). He only works (3) _________ (在夜里). Every morning he (4) _________ (回家)at about half past six. He has breakfast (5) _________ (在七点). (6) _________ (早饭后) he (7) _________ (睡觉). He (8) _________

(起床)at about half past two. He has lunch (9) _________ (在二点四十五分) and supper at twenty to eight. Then he goes to work at a quarter past eight. He starts work at nine. He(10) _________ (照看) the store every night. He likes his work very much.