小升初英语语法总复习知识点讲解+练习学案：介词-基础篇（含答案）

这是一份小升初英语语法总复习知识点讲解+练习学案：介词-基础篇（含答案），共12页。试卷主要包含了 in的用法， behind 的用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
小升初语法 - 介词（基础篇）考点一：方位介词方位介词是表示位置和方向的介词.常用的方位介词有 on, over, above, under, below, in, at, about, around, behind, between, among, beside, near 等.1. on, over 和 above 的用法on, over 和 above 都有“在…上面”的意思，但这三个调在意义上还是有一些区别的。（1）on 表示两个物体的表面相互接触，例如:There is a plant on the desk.书桌上有一株植物。（植物紧贴着桌面）（2）over 表示“在…的正上方”，两个物体表面没有接触，侧如:A lamp hung over the table.桌子上方挂着一盏灯。（灯和桌面没有接触）（3）above表示一个物体在另一个的上方，但不一定是在正上方，两个物体之间没有接触。例如:Look! A lot of birds are flying above the trees.看！许多鸟正在树的上空飞。     2. under 和 below 的用法under 和 below 都有“在…下面”的意思，不过这两个词也是有区别的.（1）under 表示“在…的正下方”。例如:There is a cat under the table.桌子下面有一只猫。 （2）below表示"在…的下面"，但不强测是否在正下方，例如:Our classroom is below theirs.我们的教室在他们（教室）的下面。     3. in的用法in 表示"在…里面",也可以用来表示在一个很大的空间内。例如: There are some books in the box箱子里有一些书。 4. at, about 和 around 的用法at 表示"在…旁边"，about 或 around 表示"在…周围"。 （1）at表示在某物旁边。例如:The girl read a book at a table beside Tom.这个女孩在汤姆身边的一张桌子旁看书。（2）about 和 around 这两个词都可以表示"在…周围""围绕…"。例如:There is a fence about/around the house.房子周围有一圈篱笆。 5. behind 的用法behind 表示"在…的后面"。 例如:Yang Ling sits behind me. 杨玲坐在我后面。 温馨提示：英语中用in front of表示“在......前面”，与behind的意思刚好相反。例如：There is a tree in front of the house. 房子前面有棵树。=There is a house behind the tree. 树后面有座房子。 6. between 和 among 的用法between 表示"在两者之间", among 表示"在三者或三者以上之间". 例如:The office building is between the library and the playground.办公楼在图书馆和操场之间。There is a house among the trees.树林中有一座房子。 7. beside 和 near 的用法beside 表示"在…旁边", near 表示"在…附近（范田比较广）"。例如:Tom sits beside Ben. 汤姆坐在本的旁边。Near my home, there is a bookstore. 在我家附近有一家书店。 考点二：时间介词时间介词是指表示时间的介词。常用的时间介词有 in, on, at, for, from, about, alter, before, past, to 等.1. in, on 和 at 的用法in 通常用在比较大的时间之前，如年、月、季节等，也可用在泛指的上午、下午、晚上之前；on用在具体的某一天或某天的上午、下午、晚上之前； at 用于某一时刻或某一时间点之前。例如:They like making snowmen in winter.他们喜欢在冬天堆雪人。My birthday is on the second of October.我的生日在十月二日。They went there on the morning of March 26.他们在三月二十六日早上去了那儿.He gets up at seven o’clock every morning.他每天早上七点钟起床。 for,from和about的用法for 后接一段时间; from 指从某个时候起; about 表示大约在某个时间. 例如:Mr Green will be in the USA for two years.格林先生将在美国待两年。From then on, they became good friends.从那以后，他们成了好朋友。He arrived about nine.他是九点左右到的。 3. after 和 before 的用法after 表示"在…（时间）之后"; be（re 表示"在…（时间）之曲"，是 after 的反义词。例如:The party will begin after seven o’clock.聚会将在七点钟后开始。You must clean the classroom well before two o'clock.你们必须在两点钟前打扫好教室。 4. past 和 to 的用法past 表示"过了…（时）"，指从整点向后到三十分钟的这段时间；to 表示"到（下一时刻）"，指从三十分钟向后到整点的这段时间。例如:I usually go to bed at half past ten.我通常在十点半上床睡觉。Class begins at a quarter to eight.七点四十五分开始上课。 时间介词的用法口诀年月季节要用 in, 日子首面却不行；遇到几日要用 on，上午下午也是 in；要说集日上下午，用 on 换 in 才能行；说"差"可要用上 to, 说"过"用 past 要记清;at 用在时分前，多说多妹你最行。 考点三：方式介词方式介词是指表示方法、途径或手段的介词，如 by, in, with, on。1. by, in 和 with 的用法它们都可以表示"使用"，但是by主要表示"乘坐（某个交通工具）"或"以…方式"，in 表示"使用（某种语言/文字）"，with 表示"使用（某个具体的工具、手段）". 例如:We see with our eyes and listen with our ears.我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听。Can you write stories in English?你能用英语写故事吗？Let's go to the shopping centre by taxi.我们乘出租车去购物中心吧。 2. on 的用法on 用于表示骑车或徒步。例如:I often go to school on my bike.我经常骑自行车去上学。They went to the museum on foot yesterday.他们昨天步行去了博物馆。 考点四：常见的介词短语介词与一些名词或代河莲用，构成介询短语，这些名词成代问便成了介词的宾语。因此，介网短语也被称为介宾短语。介词短语的功能介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词，可用作状语、表语或定语。例如:Look! Some girls are dancing In the pork. （状语）看！一些女孩正在公园里跳舞。The pen is under the book. （表语）钢笔在书下面。The woman beside Mrs Black is my mother. （定语）布莱克夫人旁边的那位女士是我的母亲。 2.含有介词的短语look at 看着              look for 寻找           talk about 谈论at night 在晚上           by bus 乘公共汽车        in class 在课堂上in English 用英语         on foot 步行             after school 放学后at home 在家             from… to … 从…到…到… on the left 在左边 in the afternoon 在下午   at weekends 在周末       in February 在二月on the table 在桌子上      on the farm 在农场上      before lunch 在午饭前at ten o’clock 在十点钟   next to 在…近旁         look after 照顾           in front of me 在我前面   in hospital 住院behind the door 在门后面   from then on 从那时起   play with … 和…玩with sb. 's help 在某人的帮助下        in a blue dress 穿着一条蓝色连衣裙on Tuesday morning 在星期二上午    help sb. with sth. 帮助某人（做）某事between the desks 在书桌之间   on a bike ＝ by bike 骑自行车under the chair 在椅子下面    with big eyes 有大大的跟睛 3. 常用的介词短语辨析（1）in the tree 与 on the tree两者都表示"在树上"，但 in the tree 指的是树本身以外的东西在树上，而 on the tree 强调的是树上长的东西. 例如:There is a bird in the tree.树上有只鸟。There are many oranges on the tree.树上有许多栅子。 （2）on the wall与in the wall两者都表示"在墙上"，但 on the wall 强调在墙的表面，而 in the wall 则强调在墙的里面，和墙为一个整体，是墙的一部分。例如:There is a picture on the wall.墙上有一幅画。There are two windows in the wall.墙上有两扇窗. （3） in front of 与 in the front ofin front of 强调在某物外部的前面,意为"在…的前面"，而 in the front of 强调在某物内部的前面，意为"在…的前部"。例如:There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.教室前面有一棵高高的树。There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室前面有一块黑板。 （4）in class 与 in the classin class 表示在课堂上或在上课，而 in the class 表示在某个班级。例如:Don't sleep in class.上课时别睡觉。There is an American student in the class.这个班上有一名美国学生。 （5）in hospital 与 in the hospitalin hospital 强调生病住院，而 in the hospital 指在医院工作或因其他事在医院，而非住院。例如:My mother is in hospital.我的母亲（生病）住院了。My mother works in the hospital.我的母亲在医院工作。            练习一、仔细看图，在横线上填入适当的介词，使句图相符。 --Where is my cat?-- It's _____ the table.-- Is the jacket behind the chair?-- No, it isn't. It's _____ the chair. 3. -- Where are his trousers?-- They're _____ the big box.4. -- Where is the small ball?-- It's _______ _______ _______ the radio.-- Where's Gogo?-- He is _____ the two boxes. 二、从方框中选择适当的介词填空。in   from   for   with   on   to   at   of     1. Go straight ahead, and the post office is _____ your right.2. We could buy hamburgers _____ lunch.3. I help my mother _____ the housework.4. You can come and have dinner _____ us.5.1 painted a picture _____ horses.6. Bill is a heavy boy _____ short hair.7. It's a postcard _____ the USA.8. I live _____ the eighth floor.9. Are you listening _____ me?10. We usually stay _____ home _____ Saturday afternoon.11. Shall we meet _____ the gate _____ the school?12. Don't walk _____ the grass. 三、根据所给中文提示完成英语句子。1. My good friend Lucy ________________（来自）American.2. The poor cat is ________________（在…顶部）the tower. It can't get down.3. I always ______________（听）China Business Radio.4. I _________________（去动物园）yesterday.5. Look! Mr. White ________________（正在寻找）his coat.6.There are many teachers _______________（在学校）.7. My father works _______________（在医院）.8. My birthday is _____________（在）April 5th. 四、单项选择。（　　）1. Is there a river _____ the house?  A. next          B. of              C.behind（　　）2. They're running _____ the playground.  A. with          B. in                 C. at（　　）3. Con we eat _____ Guangzhou Restaurant today?  A. to            B. of                C. at（　　）4. She studies English _____ Rose School _____ England.  A. at ; from       B. in ; in            C. at ; in（　　）5. A plane is flying _____ the beautiful city.  A. on            B.over              C. to（　　）6. There are many apples _____ the tree.A bird _____ the tree is picking an apple.  A. in ; on         B. on ; in           C. in ; at（　　）7. Come on Jack! It's time _____ breakfast.at            B. in               C. for（　　）8. It's not time_____school. It's time _____ go back home.to ; for        B. to ; to              C. for ; to（　　）9. The classroom is quite different _____ that one.  A. of            B. from              C. with（　　）10. Sometimes I go to school _____ foot.  A. by            B. with             C. on（　　）11. My sister is looking _____ her new shoes now.  A. at            B. after               C. for（　　）12. It's cold outside. Please _____ your coat.  A. put in         B. took off            C. put on（　　）13. They will move to the new school _____ next month.  A. on          B. in                C. /（　　）14. Shanghai is _____ the east of China.  A. in            B.o n                C. to（　　）15. _____ my father's help, I have finished my composition（作文）.  A. Under         B. On                 C. With（　　）16. The doctor is very kind _____ his patients.  A. to            B. on               C. at（　　）17. He's very strict _____ himself and he's very strict _____ his work.  A. with ; in       B. in ; with            C. with ; with（　　）18. He speaks Japanese best _____ the boy students.  A. between       B. with              C.among 五、翻译下列句子。1. 墙上有许多幅画。_________________________________________________________________2. 穿红衣服的男孩是我哥哥。_________________________________________________________________他经常在星期天和他的朋友踢足球。_________________________________________________________________她看起来像她妈妈。_________________________________________________________________我不会唱歌。我擅长跳舞。_________________________________________________________________我经常骑自行车去公园。_________________________________________________________________请把你的望远镜（binoculars）给我._________________________________________________________________他的篮球在门后面。_________________________________________________________________9. 王红经常放学后弹钢琴._________________________________________________________________10. 村庄的附近有条小河。_________________________________________________________________                     答案一、1. under  2. on  3. in  4. in front of  5. between二、1. on  2. for  3. with  4. with  5. of  6. with  7. from  8. on  9. to  10. at ; on  11. at ; of  12. on三、1. is/comes from  2. on the top of  3. listen to  4. went to the zoo  5. is looking for  6. in the school  7. in a hospital  8. on四、C  B  C  C  B  B  C  C  B  C  C  C  C  A  C  A  A  C五、1. There are many pictures on the wall.  2. The boy in red is my brother.  3. He often plays football with his friends on Sunday.  4. She looks like her mother.  5. I can't sing. I'm good at dancing.  6. I often go to the park by bike.  7. Please give me your binoculars. 8. His basketball is behind the door.  9. Wang Hong often plays the piano after school.  10. There is a river near the village.