所属成套资源:小升初英语语法总复习知识点+练习题学案
小升初英语语法总复习知识点讲解+练习学案:形容词和副词-基础篇(含答案)
展开
这是一份小升初英语语法总复习知识点讲解+练习学案:形容词和副词-基础篇(含答案),共9页。试卷主要包含了60 meters tall等内容,欢迎下载使用。
小升初语法 - 形容词和副词(基础篇)考点一:形容词定义: 修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。分类: 在小学英语中,常见的形容词主要有以下几种。● 品质形容词: 表示人或物的品质。如: He's the happiest man on the earth.他是地球上最快乐的人。The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。You have an honest face. 你有一张诚实的脸。● 类属形容词:表示人或事物属于哪一类。如: These subjects reflect our daily lives.这些题材反映我们的日常生活。This medicine is for external use only. 此药仅供外用。● 颜色形容词:表示颜色的形容词。如: She has a blue coat. 她有一件蓝色的外套。注: 这类形容词前面还可加 light, pale, dark, deep, bright 等词来表示颜色的程度。如: light brown hair 淡棕色头发 a pale green T-shirt 一件淡绿色T恤衫a deep blue skirt 一条深蓝色的裙子 a dark grey suit 一套深灰色的套装● 强调形容词:起强调作用。如: It's an utter mystery. 这完全是个谜。 形容词的用法★ 形容词在句子中通常放在名词前面,作定语。如: a clever boy 一个聪明的男孩 a blue car 一辆蓝色的汽车注: 形容词在修饰 someone, somebody, something, anything, nothing等复合不定代词时 ,需定语后置。如: something important重要的事情 nothing interesting 没有什么有趣的事★ 形容词在句子中也常放在系动词之后,作表语。如: These flowers are red.这些花是红色的。Bob looks smart today.今天鲍勃看上去很精神。★形容词与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、距离”等词连用时,常放在其后。如: I am 1.60 meters tall. 我身高1米6。She is 12 years old. 她12岁。 形容词的比较级和最高级(1)当两个物体之间进行比较时,我们要用形容词的比较级。句式常常要借助“than”来表达,即“物体A+am/are/is+形容词比较级+ than+物体 B“。如: I am taller than you. 我比你高。(2)当比较的物体是三个或三个以上时,我们就要用形容词的最高级。其句式为 “物体A+am/ar/is+ the+形容词最高级+比较范围(of+人/物,in+地方)”。如: I am the tallest in the class.我是班里最高的(学生)。It is the most delicious food of the three. 它是这三种食物中最美味的。(3)形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则① 单音节和少数双音节形容词比较级的变化规则:规则原级比较级最高级在词尾直接加-er 或-eststrongstrongerstrongest以 e 结尾的单音节词,只加-r 或 -stnice/latenicer/laternicest/latest以辅音字母加y结尾的,把y变为i,再加-er或-esthappy/earlyhappier/earlierhappiest/earliest以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写辅音字母,再加-er或-estthin/hotthinner/hotterthinnest/hottest ② 其他双音节或多音节形容词,比较级在该词前面加more,最高级在该词前面加most。如: beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful famous - more famous - most famous注意:比较级中还有一种同级比较。表示两者的情况一样用统计比较,结构是“as + 原级 + as”。如:I’m as tall as him. 我和他一样高。 考点二:副词定义: 用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或主句的词,可表示时间、地点、程度、状态等。如: The wind is blowing strongly.风刮得很大。(副词strongly修饰动词blow,表示程度。)It is very late. 天很晚了。(副词 very 修饰形容词 late)I love you very much. 我很爱你。(副词 very 修饰副词 much) 分类(1)时间副词:表示"事情发生的时间"。如: now 现在 then 那时 today 今天 yesterday 昨天She's reading now. 她现在正在看书。(2)地点副词:表示"事情发生的地点、位置"。如: here 这里 there 那里He was here just now. 他刚刚在这儿。(3)频率副词:表示"事情发生的频度"。如: always总是 usually通常 often经常 seldom很少 sometimes 有时 never 从不I often go for a walk after dinner. 我经常晚饭后去散步。(4)程度副词: 表示"程度的深浅"。如: much 很,非常 very 非常 too 太 quite 十分She is quite hard-working. 她十分努力。(5)疑问副词:用来引导特殊疑问句。如: how 怎样 when 什么时候 where 在哪里 why 为什么When will you come back? 你什么时候回来? 用法(1)副词修饰动词时,通常放在被修饰动词的后面。如: We should study hard. 我们应该努力学习。You walk too fast. 你走得太快了。(2)副词修饰形容词时,通常放在被修饰形容词的前面。如: The boy is too young to go to school.那个小孩子太小,不能去上学。Mark Twain is a very funny man. 马克·吐温是一个非常有趣的人。(3)副词修饰副词时,通常放在被修饰副词的前面。如: Li Hua dances very well. 李华的舞跳得很好。(4)表示频率的副词,通常位于主谓之间,也可位于句首。He often goes to school by bike. 他经常骑自行车去上学。Sometimes he goes to see his grandmother. 他有时候去看他的奶奶。(5)句子中有助动词或 be 动词时,副词一般放在助动词或 be 动词之后。如: The visitors have just arrived. 这些游客已经到了。The bus is always crowded. 车里总是拥挤的。 形容词变副词的一般规则(1)一般情况下直接加"ly",如: quick-quickly。(2)以辅音字母加"y"结尾的形容词变"y"为"i",然后再加"ly",如: happy-happily。(3)某些以辅音字母加不发音字母"e"结尾或者以"ue"结尾的形容词要先去掉"e",然后再加"y"或"ly".如: terrible-terribly,true-truly。(4)有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词。如: fast, high, well, deep。 副词的比较级和最高级(1)规则变化① 与形容词的比较级的构成、用法完全相同。② 英语中常见的由-er 构成比较级,-est 构成最高级的副词有: fast,soon, early, late, hard, near 等。③ 由形容词加-ly构成的双音节或多音节副词,都是在该词前加 more/most。如: quickly - more quickly - most quicklydifficultly - more difficultly - most difficultly原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest(2)不规则变化,见下表: 例 1 I can't swim. Because I'm _____ of water. A. afraid B. angry C. happy[答案] A[名师点拨] 根据语境可知,我不会游泳的原因应该是我害怕水。afraid害怕的, angry生气的, happy快乐的。故选 A。 例 2 I'm 45 kilograms.Timmy is 42 kilograms. I'm_____ than he. A. heavy B. heavier C. thinner[答案]B[名名师点拨] 根据语境可知,我的体重是45千克,蒂米的体重是42千克,所以我比他重。故选B。 练习一、写出所给单词的反义词。1. young _____ 2. white ______ 3. big ______4. left ______ 5. fast _______ 6. better _____7. longer _____ 8.thinner______ 9. warm _____ 二、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。1. old __________ __________ 2. young __________ __________3. tall __________ __________ 4. long __________ __________5. short __________ __________ 6. strong __________ __________7.big ______ 8. small __________ __________9. fat __________ __________ 10. thin __________ __________11. heavy __________ __________ 12. light __________ __________13. nice __________ __________ 14. good __________ __________15. low __________ __________ 16. slow __________ __________17.fast __________ __________ 18. late __________ __________19. early __________ __________ 20. far __________ __________21. badly __________ __________ 22. beautiful __________ __________ 三、用所给词的正确形式填空。1. My brother is two years _____(old)than me.2. Tom is as _____(fat)as Jim.3. -- Is your sister _____(young) than you?-- Yes, she is.4. -- Who is _____(thin), you or Helen?-- Helen.5. -- Whose pencil-box is _____(big), yours or hers?-- Hers.6. Mary's hair is as _____(long)as Lucy's.7. Ben_____(jump)_____(high)than some of the boys in his class.8. My eyes are _____(big)than _____(she).9. Jim runs _____(slow), but Ben runs _____(slow).10. The child doesn't _____(write)as _____(fast)as his brother. 四、单项选择。( )1. There is an _____ photo on the wall. A. old B. nice C. new( )2. An elephant is _____ than a horse. A. big B. bigger C. the biggest( )3. My little brother is too _____. He can't carry the heavy box. A. young B. strong C. clever( )4. This is a _____ book. I want to buy it. A. useful B. usefully C. useless( )5. She doesn't like dolls. She _____ plays with them. A. always B. never C. often( )6. They are _____ to us than before. A. friendly B. more friendly C. friend( )7. This book is _____ than that one. A. newer B. new C. old( )8. Tom is the _____ boy _____ our class. A. tallest ; in B. taller ; in C. most tall ; of( )9. This pair of shoes is too _____ for him. A. smaller B. small C. smallest( )10. Mike didn't want to be late for school, so he walked very _____. A. fast B. slowly C. beautifully( )11. --What's the weather like outside? -- It's too _____. Don't open the window. A. warm B. hot C. cold( )12. My mother usually gets up 30 minutes _____ than me every day. A. early B. earlier C. the earliest( )13. To keep a good diet, you should eat _____ fruits and vegetables. A. more B. less C. little( )14. Beijing, the capital of China, is one of _____ cities in the world. A. the biggest B. bigger C. much bigger( )15. -- Excuse me. _____ is the Nanshan Park,please?-- It's behind the library. A. Which B. What C. Where 五、根据汉语意思完成英语句子,每空一词。1. 她不擅长体育。但我跳得却没有她高。She doesn't ________ ________ in P.E. But I don't ________ ________ than ________.-- 你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗? -- 不,他们踢得和我一样好。 -- ________ you ________ football ________ than your classmates? -- No, they ________ as ________ as me.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My ________ ________ ________ than my ________.她的毛衣和我的一样重。________ sweater ________ as ________ as________.-- 你和你的叔叔一样高吗?一是的。-- ________ ________ as ________ as your uncle?-- Yes, I am.他和他的朋友一样年轻。He ________ as ________ as ________ ________.-- 她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗? -- 不,她比他瘦。 -- ________ ________ as ________ as ________ twin ________?-- No, she ________ ________ than him.杨玲每天睡得比苏玉晚。Yang Ling________ to ________ ________ than Su Yu every day. 答案一、 1. old 2. black 3. small 4. right 5. slow 6. worse 7. shorter 8. fatter 9. cool二、 1. older oldest 2. younger youngest 3. taller tallest 4. longer longest 5. shorter shortest 6. stronger strongest 7. bigger biggest 8. smaller smallest 9. fatter fattest 10. thinner thinnest 11. heavier heaviest 12. lighter lightest 13. nicer nicest 14. better best 15. lower lowest 16. slower slowest 17. faster fastest 18. later latest 19. earlier earliest 20. farther/further farthest/furthest 21. worse worst 22. more beautiful most beautiful 三、 1. older 2. fat 3. younger 4. thinner 5. bigger 6. long 7. jumps higher 8. bigger hers 9. slow slower 10. write fast四、 A B A A B B A A B A C B A A C五、 1. do well jump higher her 2. Do play better play well 3. mother/father is younger/older father/mother 4. Her is heavy mine 5. Are you tall 6. is young his friend 7. Is she fat her brother is thinner 8. goes bed later
相关试卷
这是一份小升初英语语法总复习知识点讲解+练习学案:语音-提升篇(含答案),共3页。试卷主要包含了 判断单词画线部分读音是相同等内容,欢迎下载使用。
这是一份小升初英语语法总复习知识点讲解+练习学案:数词-基础篇(含答案),共4页。试卷主要包含了根据句意,根据中文提示填空,选择填空,翻译句子,每空一词,阅读短文,判断正等内容,欢迎下载使用。
这是一份小升初英语语法总复习知识点讲解+练习学案:形容词和副词-提升篇(含答案),共4页。试卷主要包含了翻译短语,用所给词的适当形式填空,选择填空等内容,欢迎下载使用。