江苏省南通市通州区2021-2023年中考英语一模试题分类汇编：阅读理解+

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江苏省南通市通州区
2021-2023年中考英语一模试题分类汇编
阅读理解
2023年江苏省南通市通州区中考一模英语试卷
三、阅读理解（本题共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分）
请认真阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Forum（论坛）
» First impressions
Do you think first impressions are important? Most people think it takes about two minutes to make a judgment about someone when you first meet them. I'm reading a book at the moment about first impressions. It says that we, actually, make decisions about new people in a few seconds -that means we make a decision without even thinking. Our minds unconsciously（无意识地） say, "I really like you" or "I'll keep a distance from you." How quickly do you think you make judgments about people? Do you have any advice on what to do or say when you meet new people? Any answers, please.
Ana, Spain
When a friend introduces me to someone at a party and I have to make small talk, I sometimes stumble（结巴）over nay words and start mumbling（嘟哝）. I've watched more confident people and they always speak up. I read something about giving people compliments（赞美）and asking questions. It's a good way to start a conversation. You can say something like, really love your shoes! Where did you get them?" So, that's what I'm going to do next time I meet someone new. Also, feeling confident about what I look like helps me— that's why I always wear clothes that make me feel good.
Mark, Australia
I work in a big company and I meet new colleagues all the time. You need to think about the language you use, especially when you greet people. I always say, "Hello, pleased to meet you. " I can't stand it when people you don't know are really informal不拘礼节的）and say something like, “Hey, what’s up?" I think it also sounds silly when people are too formal and say "How do you do?"
Jelena, Poland
As I'm writing this, Tm nervous because I'm starting a new class tomorrow and I'm going to meet lots of new classmates. I think it’ll be fine, though. I know one person and I'm meeting her before the class. Also, most people are nervous in new situations. My parents always tell me to treat people as you want them to treat you. You should never talk down to them or gossip（说 的闲话）about them. I'd like people to chat with me and be friendly, so I'm going to do that. I think it’s also important to make eye contact and listen to people. You should not talk about yourself all the time or take control of the conversation
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31. Mark would most likely say "______________" when greeting new colleagues.
A. How are you doing? B. How do you do?
C. Hey, man! What's up? D. It’s nice meeting you.
32. What advice does Jelena give on meeting new people?
A. You could talk more about yourself to let others know you better.
B. You'd better lead the conversation so that others don’t feel left out.
C. You should be friendly and avoid talking about other people's private lives.
D. You'd better not make direct eye contact with people you meet for the first time.
33. The article is most likely taken from _________________.
A. a local news website B. a fashion magazine
C. a book about first impression D. an online discussion platform
B
As a teen, Cynthia Nebel studied by reading her textbooks and notebooks. "Over and over and over again, " recalls this psychologist at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Now, she adds, "This is a very common bad study habit. Actually, that's one of the most common bad study skills that students have. "
In one 2021 research study, some college students read a text twice. Others read a text just once. Both groups took a test right after the reading. Test results differed little between these groups, researchers found.
Too often, when students reread material, it's superficial. Rereading is like looking at the answer to a puzzle （谜语）, rather than doing it yourself It looks like it makes sense. But until you try it yourself you don't really know if you understand it.
In one 2022 study, a group of students were asked to reread material to two other groups. One group wrote questions about the material. The other group answered questions from someone else. Later, all the groups took a test on the material. The results showed that those who answered the questions did best; those who just reread the material did worst.
That 2022 study backs up one of Nebel's preferred study habits. Before big tests, her mom quizzed（测试）her on the material. '"Now I know that was retrieval practice（回溯练习）, " she says. “It's one of the best ways you can study. " As Nebel got older, she quizzed herself. For example, she might cover up the definitions（定义）in her notebook. Then she tried to recall what each term meant.
"Make a deck of flash cards every time you learn new information, Nebel suggests. "Put questions on one side and the answers on the other side. " Friends can even quiz each other on the phone, she says.
But really grill（追问）yourself and your friends, she adds. And here's why. She was part of a team that asked students to write one quiz question for each class period. Students would then answer a question from another classmate. The results showed that students did worse on tests afterwards than when the daily quiz questions came from the teacher. Nebel’s team is still analyzing the data. She suspects the students’ questions may have been too simple.
Teachers often dig deeper, she notes. They don't just ask for definitions. Often, teachers ask students to compare and contrast（对比）ideas. That takes some careful thinking.
34. The 2021 study is listed to show __________________.
A. reading textbooks is a common study skill
B. Cynthia Nebel was a good learner when she was at school
C. reading textbooks over and over helps to improve memory
R rereading books and notes doesn't help students learn better
35. The underlined word " superficial" in paragraph 3 most probably means "___________".
A. taking much time and effort
B. not being afraid of making mistakes
C. solving problems without much effort
D. not studying something carefully or completely.
36. When quizzing yourself or your friends, the best way is to _________________.
A. ask for definitions B. retell the questions
C. compare and contrast ideas D. use flash cards to help
37. The article is mainly about ________________.
A. the importance of careful thinking B. some practical study skills
C. some common bad study methods D. the role of practice in one's studies
C
Here's one scene. Say you are in heavy traffic and your car's brakes（刹车）start to fail. If you keep going, you will go into the back of a truck and probably die. But if you turn sharply to avoid the truck, you risk hitting an elderly woman or a group of children. What do you do?
This is an extreme choice. But every day, drivers around the world have to make quick decisions to avoid accidents. Often, they react without even having time to think. But what would a driverless car do?
Self-driving cars are designed to deal with all sorts of situations, from understanding traffic rules to planning the easiest route that avoids construction. These programming decisions are direct and clear. Ethics（道德）, on the other hand, is not. How do you program a car to decide what to do in the case of an accident? How do you choose which life is more valuable? And who gets to choose? This is a problem that ethicists, lawyers, and car makers are all wondering about.
The ethicist opinion
Patrick Lin teaches robotics and ethics at California Polytechnic State University. He says that it might seem easy to say that self-driving cars must follow certain rules to minimize or reduce harm, but he says, "even that leads to morally murky（模糊的）decisions? " He gives an example: on one side of you is a motorcyclist wearing a helmet; on the other is a motorcyclist not wearing a helmet. If the car’s computer tells it to minimize harm during a necessary turn, that might mean hitting the person with the helmet. After all, they are better protected and so less likely to be hurt. But, Lin asks, aren't you being unfair to the responsible （负责的）motorist?
According to Lin, any type of decision-making based on age, gender, or any similar factor Would be discrimination（歧视）and therefore against standards of ethics. He explained that even the safest car runs the risk of having accidents, and that the responsibility for programming will lie with the car makers.
The legal opinion
But some experts say we don't need to worry about this problem. Bryan Casey teaches at Stanford Law School Casey says that what a self-driving car does in a crash is not an ethical issue (问题)at all. Instep it is a legal issue. If a driver has a crash now, the law decides if he was driving dangerously or if it was truly an accident. If the driver was dangerously careless, he faces punishment often a fine or jail. If a breakdown caused the crash, the car makers might be at fault. Either way, laws exist to decide what is wrong, and who is responsible. Casey says that will not change with the arrival of self-driving cars.
We expect self-driving cars to be very safe, safer than human drivers because computers can react more quickly. And indeed, an autonomous vehicle should be well designed and slow down or speed up in relation to the actual case. However, accidents can always happen. This means that drivers, car makers, and lawmakers will need to deal with new problems as they appear.
38. What is the most difficult problem facing self- driving cars now?
A. How to avoid causing accidents on the road.
B. When to slow down or speed up in actual case.
C. How to decide what to do in the case of an accident
D. How to plan routes according to different situations.
39. The example of the motorcyclist(Para. 4) is to show ____________.
A. all cars run the risk of having accidents
B. self-driving cars are unable to follow certain traffic rules
C. motorcyclists shouldn't wear helmets so that self-driving cars won't hit them
D. the decisions made by self-driving cars might go against standards of ethics
40. The underlined word "that" (Para.6) refers to that______________________.
A. who should be responsible for a crash is decided by laws
B. what a self-driving car does in a crash is an ethical issue
C. self-driving cars should also face punishment in a crash
D. the responsibility for programming lies with the car makers
41.The author would most probably agree that ______________.
A. human drivers are much safer than self-driving cars
B. driving laws should change with the arrival of self-driving cars
C. there will always be accidents where someone gets hurt on the road
D. self-driving cars have the ability of thinking and making decisions for themselves
D
Late last night, I was woken up by a sudden sound. I felt very tired and tried to sleep, but the sound didn't stop to let me sleep. Finally, I got up to see where the sound came from. I went to the backyard of my house and saw a very bright light in the sky going towards the woods nearby. I felt anxious and decided to see what it was. I took my bicycle and followed the light. Minute later, I was in front of a huge spaceship.
I was amazed. When I touched it, a wave pushed me aside. I felt as if my whole body was paralyzed. I could not move my body, but I could still see. I saw a human. . . no, a monster. . . Then I lost consciousness.
When I woke up, J was in a large cage. I saw other men and women—in nearby cages. They had either passed out or perhaps died. I examined the cage and found a small window covered with dust. I cleared the dust and saw through it. I saw space!
I also saw the Earth getting smaller and smaller as we moved away from it. I was confused as to how I got here. Suddenly, a strange creature caught my attention. He was half-human and half-monster. For sure, he was not an earthling—he was an alien!
The creature was examining each cage. Suddenly, he appeared in front of my cage. He said something like, "Zoom zappa zew zhumu zam zeus. "I didn't understand it, but then a loud sound came. It said, "Hello, New Human. We are the Grays. "It was probably the translation of the words that the creature had just said, I guessed.
I felt frightened. "What is the alien going to do to me?"I fearfully wondered.
I had watched many alien movies, so I knew I had been kidnapped. I felt frightened: Was the alien going to do an experiment on me?
But then I heard a loud crash. The spaceship was falling back to Earth. I also heard the sounds of shooting. I was confused: What was happening?
Another alien appeared. He looked more like a human but had bright eyes and strange hands. He broke my cage and picked me up. I revolted（反抗），but my power was nothing against the alien's. The alien put me down near the half-opened gate of the spaceship. He gave me a locket（盒式吊坠）and said in English， "Wear the locket and jump， or you will die. "
I wore the locket but was unwilling to jump—I didn't believe in the alien. The spaceship was falling rapidly. The alien pushed me.
I started falling towards the Earth and soon entered the atmosphere. I couldn't breathe and soon fainted（昏厥）. When I woke up，it was morning and I was lying in my bed. My mother and some neighbors were talking to the local police. My mom told me that the police saw a bright light in the woods and went to investigate. They found me lying on the ground. The police asked what I was doing there. I told them everything I saw. Then, they went back. I don't think they believed me.
I remembered about the locket that the alien gave me. It was still around my neck. The locket saved me. I really want to thank the alien with bright eyes!
42. Where was the author when he woke up in the morning?
A. In his own home. B. In the nearby woods.
C. In another spaceship. D. In a local police station.
43. Why did the author think the alien was going to do an experiment on him?
A. Because he saw a large lab inside of the spaceship.
B. Because the alien was examining each large cage on the spaceship.
C. Because many of the men and women on the spaceship had fainted.
D. Because this would happen in many of the alien movies he had watched.
44. We can learn from the article that the alien with bright eyes _____________.
A. could speak many languages, including English
B. died in the end
C. was much stronger than the author
D. was in fact a human being
45. Which of the following can be the best title of the story?
A. A Terrible Dream B. The Valuable Locket
C. An Unsolved Case D. Out of This World
2022年江苏省南通市通州区中考一模英语试卷
三、阅读单选

The Shadows of Sawtooth Ridgeby Bernie Mcauley
An American soldier (士兵) returns after the Vietnam War. He is surprised to find that his life at home has changed greatly. How will he pick up the pieces?
Price: $11.95
outskirtspress.com/shadowsofsawtoothridge

The Portalby David D．Bernstein
After falling into a time gate during a Little League baseball game, 11-year-old Andy finds himself transported to his hometown — 101 years in the future.
Price: $11.95
outskirtspress.com/theportal

Clouds Over the Aegeanby Alexander Rassogianis
In 1920s Greece, two schoolgirls heard a dangerous conversation by accident. Fifty years later, their children searched for the truth about the secret their mothers kept.
Price: $11.95
outskirtspress.com/cloudsovertheaegean

Tales From the Brilliant Side of Growing Upby Raymond Kolcaba
Growing up won’t happen on its own. You have to do something that encourages it. These are the true stories told with all of the funny details of real life.
Price: $16.95
outskirtspress.com/thebrilliantside
31．Which book is a science fiction?
A．The Shadows of Sawtooth Ridge. B．The Portal.
C．Clouds Over the Aegean. D．Tales From the Brilliant Side of Growing Up.
32．Who might be more interested in Clouds Over the Aegean?
A．An old soldier. B．A sports fan.
C．A curious boy. D．A humorous man.
33．What do the four books have in common?
A．They are on sale online. B．They are children’s books.
C．They are marked the same price. D．They are full of funny stories.

It’s late fall in the Arctic (北极的) Ocean. Ice begins to form on top of the water, making it difficult for the white whales to find open areas to come up for air. “They have to come up to breathe,” says Donna Hauser, a marine biologist (海洋生物学家) at the University of Alaska in Fairbanks. “That’s a more difficult job, and they have to find openings in the ice.”
The white whales know it’s time to leave for warmer waters. So the group of about a hundred white whales heads south toward the Bering Sea, a body of water separating the United States and Russia.
Halfway through their journey, the while whales find themselves swimming between two ice floes (浮冰). Suddenly, they hear a large splash (溅泼声). A white whale’s main enemy-an orca(虎鲸) — has appeared and is swimming toward the white whales. Luckily, orcas aren’t as good at swimming through ice floes as white whales are, giving the white whales time to speed up and swim away.
The white whales are safe, for now. “But before getting to their destination, they must pass through the Bering Strait connecting the Arctic Ocean with the Bering Sea-before the narrow (狭窄的) waterway freezes over,” Hauser says. “Otherwise, their path south could be blocked (阻挡).”
The white whales finally make it to the Bering Strait, which hasn’t yet frozen over. After a few more days of swimming, they arrive at the Bering Sea. The white whales will rest, hunt, and play here until April, when they’ll swim back north. There, the females will give birth to baby white whales in the spring. When ice spreads across the Arctic Ocean again, those babies will follow their families south and begin their first long journey.
34．Why do the white whales leave the Arctic Ocean?
A．They need to go south to hunt.
B．They have to get enough air.
C．They want to breathe fresher air.
D．They are afraid of the cold weather.
35．What may help the white whales get away from from the orca?
A．Brave fights. B．Swimming skills.
C．Large ice floes. D．Their smaller bodies.
36．What does “their destination” in the fourth paragraph refer to?
A．The Bering Strait. B．The Bering Sea.
C．The Arctic Ocean. D．The United States.
37．When will the white whales leave the Bering Sea?
A．In January. B．In February. C．In March. D．In April.

Great work is work that makes a difference in people’s lives, writes David Sturt, Executive Vice President of the O. C． Tanner Institute, in his book Great Work: How to Make a Difference People Love. Sturt insists, however, that great work is not just for surgeons or special - needs educators or the founders of organizations trying to eliminate poverty（贫穷）in sub - Saharan Africa. The central theme of Great Work, according to Sturt, is that anyone can make a difference in any job. It’s not the nature of the job, but what you do with the job that matters. To prove this, Sturt tells the story of an excellent hospital cleaner named Moses.
In a building filled with doctors and nurses doing great life—saving work, Moses the cleaner makes a difference. Whenever he enters a room, especially a room with a sick child, he impresses both patients and parents with his optimism（乐观）and calm, introducing himself to the child and,Start writes, speaking “some words about light and sunshine and making things clean.”He praises on any progress he sees day by day (“you’re sitting up today, that’s good.”) Moses is no doctor and doesn’t sit pretend（假装）to be, but he has witnessed hundreds of sick children getting well from painful surgery, and parents take comfort from his encouraging words. For Matt and Mindi, whose son McKay was born with only half of a heart, Moses became a close friend. As Sturt explains, “Moses took his born talents (his sensitivity) and his practical wisdom (from years of hospital experience) and brought them into a powerful form of patient and family support that changed the critical—care experience for Mindi, Matt and little McKay.”
How do people like Moses do great work when so many people just work? That was the central question raised by Sturt and his team at the O. C． Tanner Institute, a consulting（咨询）company specialized（专营）in worker recognition（认可）and rewards system.
O. C． Tanner carried out a complete Great Work study that included surveys to 200 senior executives（高管）, a further set of surveys to 1, 000 managers and workers working on projects, a study of 1. 7 million accounts of award - winning work (in the form of nominations for awards from corporations（公司） around the world), and one - on - one interviews with 200 different makers. The corporations（公司）around the world, and one-on-one interviews with 200 different makers. The results of the study showed that those who do great work refuse to be stopped by the constraints of their jobs. They are especially able to think about their jobs without any boundaries, they don’t consider their jobs as a list of tasks and responsibilities（责任）but see their jobs as chances to make a difference. No matter, as Moses so ably exemplifies（例证）, what that job may be.
38．According to Sturt, which of the following is TRUE?
A．It’s not the nature of the job, but what you think that makes a difference.
B．Anyone in the world has duty to reduce poverty and change the world.
C．Anyone can make a difference in people’s lives no matter what kind of job he does.
D．Surgeons, special—needs educators and founders of organizations can succeed more easily.
39．According to this passage, how does Moses, a common hospital cleaner, make a difference in people’s lives?
A．By keeping optimistic and calm when facing patients and their parents.
B．By showing his great duty and rich working experience while working.
C．By showing his pity and kindness to patients when entering their rooms.
D．By pretending to be a doctor or nurse when entering a room with the sick.
40．The word “constraints” in the last paragraph probably means _________ .
A．orders B．advantages C．mistakes D．limitations
41．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Great work is work that makes a difference in people’s lives.
B．Those who do great work see their jobs as chances to make a difference.
C．Moses makes a difference through his sensitivity and his practical wisdom.
D．If a boss has trouble knowing his workers well, he may ask O. C． Tanner for advice.

My mom’s life was a busy one. Raising four kids on her own was a full time job in itself, but she also worked outside the home. Surprisingly, she always seemed to find a little bit of extra time for us despite (不管) her schedule (预定计划).
She would take us over to my aunt’s in the evening when she worked as a waitress in a small diner. We would just be finished with school and have to hurry, so my mom would be on time for work. I thought she would pass us over to our aunt and hurry off as soon as we made it through the front gate, but that didn’t happen. Instead, we would sit on the porch (门廊), my mom in her waitress uniform, and we would rock in my aunt’s big wooden swing (秋千) and talk about what happened that day.
“I learned how to add numbers up to the hundreds,” my sister Sandy would say.
“That’s wonderful,” my mom would reply, holding her tight.
“I learned how to write my name!” Larry, my younger brother, would shout.
My mom would get a piece of paper and a pencil out of her purse and hand it to my brother “Show me how you do it,”she’d ask softly.
“Do you have enough time to hear what I did today?” I’d ask her.
Mom would smile at me and nod. “I’m never too busy for something important like that!”
She gave us the gift of time again and again throughout the years. Later on in her life, when she came to live with us after her retirement (退休), my mom gave the gift of time to my children too. They would run around excitedly, asking their grandma if she would play with them, or read them a story, or go for a walk with them. By then my mom had health problems, but she would always nod and sit down and read to them or tell them stories about when she was a little girl. Those moments were a wonderful gift that my children still talk about and treasure.
In the last few years of her life, I would take her to lunch or sit with her on the porch, and we would talk about the past, the dream of the future, and just enjoy being with each other. My mom would listen as I shared all of my hopes, my fears, and my dreams for my family. I would look at her and ask her if she minded me taking up so much of her free time.
‘‘Nonsense,’’she’d tell me. Then she’d give me a wink and say, ”“I’m never too busy to spend time with you. It’s one of the greatest joys of my life.”
I will always remember those wonderful words and the loving heart behind them. It is a gift my mom give to me for which I will forever be grateful. In this busy world of ours, and in a life filled with challenges, she always had time to share her joy with me.
42．According to the passage, we know that the writer grew up _________ .
A．in a small diner B．in a low - paid family
C．only with her aunt D．with her four sisters
43．After retiring, the writer’s mother _________ .
A．always stayed on her own at home B．took care of the writer’s children
C．moved to live with her daughter Sandy D．often gave gifts to the writer’s children
44．What does the author think about her mother?
A．strict and helpful B．busy and satisfied
C．caring and patient D．lazy and tidy
45．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Mom’s Gift of Time B．Always for Pleasure
C．Never too busy, Mom D．My Mother’s Lifetime

2021年江苏省南通市通州区中考一模英语试卷
三、阅读单选

For the last three nights, I haven’t slept too well. I would wake up over an hour earlier than usual and then be unable to get back to sleep. I was a bit tired when I went into my bedroom to watch a little television in the evening. The nightly news was its usual horror show of hatred, prejudice（偏见）and division. I turned it off and put on some music instead. I picked up a book and tried to read but could feel my eyelids（眼皮）getting heavier and heavier. Finally, I closed them and laid my book on my chest. A nap would be just what I needed.
After a while, I felt something rousing me from sleep. It was warm breath hitting me right in the face. I slowly opened my eyes and saw a long, sweet-looking face covered in white and gold fur. Its pink nose was breathing on me, and its big, brown eyes were looking at me with love. I smiled and said, “Hello Fluffy（毛茸茸的）”. Suddenly my face was covered in dog kisses. I hugged his neck, petted his head, scratched his belly（腹部）and laughed as he continued to shower me with his love. I soaked it all in and thought to myself: “If only we humans could love each other as purely and unconditionally as our dogs love us, what a wonderful world this would be.”
Dogs are our best friends and the greatest teachers of love. We should not ignore（忽视）the lessons they teach. We should give our hearts freely, our love joyfully and our kindness unconditionally. We should live our lives on the side of love. We should spend our days creating happiness and making this world a better place. We should see everyone as our brothers and sisters no matter how they look or what they believe. We should love ourselves and everyone else equally.
31．What can we learn about the writer from the first paragraph?
A．He didn’t want to sleep. B．He doesn’t like the TV news.
C．He enjoys reading before bedtime. D．He prefers classical music.
32．How did the writer feel after being woken up by the dog?
A．Unhappy. B．Worried. C．Pleased. D．Excited,
33．Why does the writer think that we should learn from dogs?
A．They treat everyone else rudely. B．They know how to create happiness.
C．They know how to please their owners. D．They give their owners unconditional love.


The engine roared（轰鸣）and the wheels kicked up dirt. The 16-year-old Li Lianyina from Henan rode over jumps, leaving taller and stronger male riders behind, and after a few laps, she crossed the line in second place.
Lianyina looks decidedly skinny in a group of male motocross racers, but this teenage girl is already a veteran（老运动员）of the sport, having had her first ride when she was eight. While she was stuck in front of a piano and spent whole days practicing, her father would take her 3-year-old brother out to ride a self-assembled（自己组装的）motorcycle nearby.
“It can be very boring doing piano practice, and I was so envious that my brother could have all that fun out there without me,” said Lianyina.
Her parents eventually gave in to her pleas and bought her a motorcycle as well as protective gear（保护装备）.
Riding a motorcycle gives her a sense of freedom, she said, feeling in total control when she bursts out of the blocks and flies through the dirt.
But racing motorcycles comes with extreme risks, of course, especially for beginners. The first time she tried to ride over a jump, she failed. The motorcycle flew into the air before hitting the ground. Lianyina fell off the bike, hitting her head.
However, Lianyina insisted that she wanted to continue riding. Lianyina took part in her first race when she was 9. Now she races about 30 times a year, and the sport has taken her to many parts of the country.
The performance she is proudest of came in Dushan county, Guizhou province, in 2017.
All-day rain had turned the track into a quagmire（泥潭）, making racing especially dangerous, with one of the risks being that bikes can easily be bogged（陷入）down in mud.
She was under heavy pressure facing her female rivals, all older than her, but she managed to pull out all the stops and cross the line first.
Female riders are few and far between in motocross racing, which only serves to reinforce（强化）the idea that this sport is masculine（男性化的）because it is so hard and dangerous. “But that’s nothing but a stereotype（刻板印象）,” Lianyina said.
Her goal is to be a top dirt bike rider, training and racing in other countries. Her daily routine now is tied to Gaining and racing, as well as taking online academic classes. To improve her physical condition, she does a lot of intensive（高强度的）physical training.
Lianyina sees motocross racing as her life and future. “There’s no way back. I think I’ll keep racing, and nothing will stop me.”
34．The underlined word “pleas” in paragraph 4 probably means________.
A．courage B．surprise C．difficulty D．requirement
35．What happened when Lianyina tried to ride over a jump the first time?
A．She broke her arm. B．She fell off the motorcycle.
C．She protected the motorcycle. D．She succeeded at the first try.
36．What can we know about Lianyina’s experience in Guizhou in 2017?
A．She managed to win first place.
B．She was the only female racer there.
C．That was the first time she took part in a race.
D．She gave up her performance because of the bad weather.
37．From the passage, we can infer（推断）that Lianyina is________.
A．humorous B．talented C．strong-willed D．kind-hearted


Where does our food come from?
Once upon a time carrots were purple, there were no pineapples in Asia or lemons in America, and many people thought potatoes were poisonous（有毒的）. Many types of fruit and vegetable grew only in one place. So how did they spread all over the world?
Changing colors
Five thousand years ago, carrots only grew in Afghanistan and most were purple. Only a few were orange as they are today! Farmers in the Netherlands were looking for a fruit or vegetable to represent their king, William of Orange, and orange carrots were just what they were looking for—they became the ancestors（祖先）of all modem carrots.
At home in the mountains
Many plants only grow in certain places on Earth, often deep in the jungle. The home of potatoes is in the mountains of the Andes in South America. Bananas come from Papua New Guinea and lemons grow wild in China.
World travel
But once people realized that many of these plants were good to eat, they took them far from the places where they grew. Fruit, in particular, attracted thirsty travelers. Many Arab businessmen transported different fruits and vegetables around the world, such as oranges, which they took from Asia to distant countries such as Spain. The Spanish returned from South America with many new types of food, including chocolate, chili and corn.
Some unusual uses
People often had problems deciding what to do with these new fruits and vegetables, or used them for different purposes from today. Carrots were used not as food but as medicine to protect people from poison or even (it was believed) to make people fall in love. The first tomatoes and pineapples were grown not as food but to make the garden look pretty. And many people were worried about potatoes—although they are good for us, their leaves are poisonous and poorer people believed they could be used for black magic. In Germany, people only began eating potatoes when the king ordered that people who did not eat them would have their ears and noses cut off!
And today…
Today, we are so used to our different types of food that we don’t think about where they came from. We are trying to know the roots（根源）of them. But for each pineapple, potato or carrot we eat, there is a long history!
38．Who chose orange carrots to represent their king?
A．Arab businessmen. B．Farmers in the Netherlands.
C．William of Orange. D．People from Afghanistan.
39．What did the Spanish bring back from South America?
A．Chilies. B．Bananas. C．Lemons. D．Oranges.
40．What does the article tell us about potatoes?
A．They used to be considered a symbol of love.
B．Orange potatoes were popular in ancient times.
C．They were once used to protect people from poison.
D．Germans didn’t eat them until their lives were under threat（威胁）.
41．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Unusual uses of food B．Finding the roots of food
C．The ways of spreading food D．How to change the colours of food

Understanding that everything has a life cycle makes it a lot easier to deal with endings that we all have to face, even our own mortality（生命的有限）.Nothing lasts forever, and that fact is what drives us to live life to the fullest.
But what happens when something inside or outside of us comes to an end? Sometimes, the change is internal. You may become stressed or sleepless. If you realize that this is happening, it’s important to get help. Other changes may be external（外在的）. For example, you could be fired from your job. In that case, you needn’t worry if you’ve saved some money or have another way of making money.
Our parents’ jobs lasted until retirement（退休）. Now, you can expect to have perhaps several jobs in your lifetime. Many more people are becoming entrepreneurs（创业者）with internet-based businesses, giving themselves support as well as a safety net if they lose their day jobs. You may wonder why you need a backup plan（备份计划）. Just look at the life cycles of what has driven the economy, and you’ll see every decade, it’s something different. What you are doing now may not exist（存在）in ten years, so how can you best protect yourself? It’s something to think about and to also consider on an emotional basis.
I am a writer and licensed psychotherapist（精神治疗医师）. These identities（身份）are important to my sense of being, and if either were to end, it would be very hard. I’ll probably continue seeing customers and writing for as long as I can, but maybe it will be in ways I haven’t thought of before. For example, I am doing much more therapy online than I ever thought possible. I didn’t think it could be effective, but after using it in a couple of emergency situations, it worked so well that I continued the practice. And the fact that customers can reach me or their medical doctors more easily in an emergency is very comforting for everyone.
All in all, it is that kind of interaction（互动）that we need the most. Even though the world is forever, changing, interaction keeps us together mentally and emotionally. Let’s make sure that continues.
42．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．How to live our lives to the fullest.
B．What can cause changes inside and outside of us.
C．Examples of dealing with the ending of life cycles.
D．The differences between internal and external changes.
43．The writer thinks it is necessary to have a backup plan because________.
A．it can help you to start your own business
B．it allows you to find the job most suitable for you
C．it is a popular practice in the internet-based society
D．it is a way to survive in a society that is always changing
44．The writer’s career experience proves that________.
A．traditional ways of working have changed
B．we should stay calm no matter what happens
C．doing therapy online is not of use to patients
D．you’ll be richer if you have another way of living
45．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the article?
A．To share his interesting career experience.
B．To explain how it get used to changes in life.
C．To encourage people to interact more with each other.
D．To compare two types of changes that could happen to us.

答案：
2023年江苏省南通市通州区中考一模英语试卷
31．D 32．C 33．D

【导语】本文是三个人分享了自己对第一印象的看法以及遇到新朋友时的建议。
31．细节理解题。根据“I always say, ‘Hello, pleased to meet you.’”可知，当问候新同事时他会说“很高兴见到你”，故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据“You should never talk down to them or gossip (说……的闲话) about them. I’d like people to chat with me and be friendly, so I’m going to do that”可知，应该友好，避免谈论别人的私生活，故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据“Forum”以及“cancel”和“send”可知，这是来自在线讨论平台，故选D。
34．D 35．D 36．C 37．B

【导语】本文主要介绍了一些比较实用的学习技能。
34．细节理解题。根据“The results showed that those who answered the questions did best; those who just reread the material did worst.”可知，那些重读材料的人表现最差，故选D。
35．词句猜测题。根据“Rereading is like looking at the answer to a puzzle (谜语), rather than doing it yourself.”可知，重读材料就像在看一个谜题的答案，因此这个过程比较肤浅，故选D。
36．细节理解题。根据“Often, teachers ask students to compare and contrast (对比) ideas.”可知，学生比较和对比不同的想法才能够进行的更深刻，故选C。
37．主旨大意题。根据“Actually, that’s one of the most common bad study skills that students have.”和“Put questions on one side and the answers on the other side.” Friends can even quiz each other on the phone”可知，本文主要介绍了一些比较实用的学习技能，故选B。
38．C 39．D 40．A 41．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车以及不同人对它的不同看法。
38．推理判断题。根据“The ethicist opinion”中的例子可知，伦理专家认为自动驾驶汽车虽然可以很好的判断出如何做能把伤害降低到最小的程度，但是有时候对于另外一方是不公平的，可推测自动驾驶汽车存在的最大问题是在发生事故时决定怎么做。故选C。
39．推理判断题。根据第四段的事例和“According to Lin, any type of decision-making based on age, gender, or any similar factor would be discrimination and therefore against standards of ethics.”可知，事例说明虽然自动驾驶汽车可以降低伤害，但对于负责任的驾驶者所造成的伤害是不公平的，任何基于年龄、性别或任何类似因素的决策都是歧视，因此违反了道德标准，可推测例子显示自动驾驶汽车做出的决定可能违反道德标准。故选D。
40．词句猜测题。根据第六段和“Either way, laws exist to decide what is wrong, and who is responsible. Casey says that will not change with the arrival of self-driving cars.”可知，法律专家认为自动驾驶汽车在车祸中做出的决定根本不是一个道德问题，而是一个法律问题，法律决定什么是错误的，以及谁应该对此事故负责，即谁应对车祸负责由法律决定这个情况不会随着自动驾驶汽车的到来而改变。故选A。
41．推理判断题。根据“We expect self-driving cars to be very safe, safer than human drivers because computers can react more quickly.”，“Either way, laws exist to decide what is wrong, and who is responsible. Casey says that will not change with the arrival of self-driving cars.”，“However, accidents can always happen.”和“Self-driving cars are designed to deal with all sorts of situations,...”可知，我们猜想自动驾驶汽车比人驾驶汽车更安全；谁应对车祸负责由法律决定这个情况不会随着自动驾驶汽车的到来而改变；事故总可能发生；自动驾驶汽车被设计处理各种情况，可推测C选项“总会有某人在路上受伤的事故”与文章相符。故选C。
42．A 43．D 44．C 45．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者被一个奇怪的声音吵醒，他顺着天空一道明亮的光来到树林，发现了一个宇宙飞船，然后进入太空发生了一些事情。
42．细节理解题。根据第一段“When I woke up, it was morning and I was lying in my bed.”可知作者醒来时在自己家里，故选A。
43．细节理解题。根据“I had watched many alien movies, so I knew I had been kidnapped. I felt frightened: Was the alien going to do an experiment on me?”可知作者在许多外星人电影里看到过这样的情景，故选D。
44．推理判断题。根据“He looked more like a human but had bright eyes and strange hands. He broke my cage and picked me up. I revolted (反抗), but my power was nothing against the alien’s. ”可知有着明亮眼睛的外星人要比作者强壮，故选C。
45．最佳标题题。根据“I saw space!”和“I remembered about the locket that the alien gave me. It was still around my neck. The locket saved me. I really want to thank the alien with bright eyes!”可知作者记得自己去了太空和外星人给了他一个盒式吊坠，以及全文讲述作者在太空发生的事情，所以最佳标题应和太空有关，故选D。

2022年江苏省南通市通州区中考一模英语试卷
31．B 32．C 33．A

【导语】本文主要介绍了四本书，包括其内容梗概，价格及购买链接。
31．推理判断题。根据“The Portalby David D. Bernstein After falling into a time gate during a Little League baseball game, 11-year-old Andy finds himself transported to his hometown — 101 years in the future.”可知，The Portal是科幻小说，故选B。
32．推理判断题。根据文中“Clouds Over the Aegean In 1920s Greece, two schoolgirls heard a dangerous conversation by accident. Fifty years later, their children searched for the truth about the secret their mothers kept.”可知，这本书存在很多疑点，好奇的男孩可能对它感兴趣。故选C。
33．推理判断题。本文介绍了四本书的信息，并在最后介绍了购买链接，可推出四本书都在网上出售。故选A。
34．B 35．B 36．B 37．D

【导语】本文讲述了晚秋时节，北冰洋的海面开始结冰，一群白鲸需要南迁寻找温暖的海域，这是一段遥远的旅程，而且途中困难重重，等到来年四月，它们又要返回北冰洋。
34．细节理解题。根据第一段“ Ice begins to form on top of the water, making it difficult for the white whales to find open areas to come up for air.”可知，冰层开始在水面上形成，使得白鲸很难找到开阔的地方呼吸空气，所以它们离开北冰洋是为了得到充足的空气，故选B。
35．细节理解题。根据第三段“Luckily, orcas aren’t as good at swimming through ice floes as white whales are, giving the white whales time to speed up and swim away.”可知，虎鲸不像白鲸那样擅长在浮冰间穿梭，这给了白鲸加速游开的时间，所以白鲸能逃脱得益于它们的游泳技能，故选B。
36．词义猜测题。根据第二段“So the group of about a hundred white whales heads south toward the Bering Sea”以及最后一段“After a few more days of swimming, they arrive at the Bering Sea.”可推知，“their destination”指的是它们的最终目的地——白令海，故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The white whales will rest, hunt, and play here until April, when they’ll swim back north.”可知，它们离开白令海返回北方的时间是在4月份，故选D。
38．C 39．A 40．D 41．D

【分析】本文讲述任何人都可以在任何工作中有所作为。
38．细节理解题。根据第一段“Great work is work that makes a difference in people’s lives, writes David Sturt”及“The central theme of Great Work, according to Sturt, is that anyone can make a difference in any job”可知，斯特尔特认为不管人的工作是什么，都可以在人的生活中有所作为。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据第二段“he impresses both patients and parents with his optimism and calm”可知，莫西通过自己的乐观和冷静给病人和他们的父母留下印象。故选A。
40．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“They are especially able to think about their jobs without any boundaries, they don’t consider their jobs as a list of tasks and responsibilities but see their jobs as chances to make a difference”可知，在工作上有所作为的人拒绝被工作本身的局限性打败，他们不认为他们的工作是一系列的人物和责任而是把他们的工作看成是有所作为的机会。“constraints”的含义是“限制”，相当于“limitations”。故选D。
41．推理判断题。根据第三段“That was the central question raised by Sturt and his team at the O. C. Tanner Institute, a consulting company specialized in worker recognition and rewards system”可知，斯特尔特和团队在研究所的咨询公司专营员工的认可和奖赏系统，可推断如果一个老板在获得员工认可方面有困难，他可能找欧柏特泰纳寻求建议。故选D。
42．B 43．B 44．C 45．A

【导语】本文主要讲述了作者回忆他的母亲。母亲努力工作独自抚养四个孩子，日子虽然过得很忙碌，但是母亲总是能抽出时间陪伴自己的孩子和孙子，而作者则视这些陪伴的时光为珍贵的礼物。
42．推理判断题。根据文章中第一段“Raising four kids on her own was a full time job in itself, but she also worked outside the home.”可知，作者的母亲要工作并独自抚养四个孩子，负担很重，由此可推知这一家子的经济状况比较紧张。故选B。
43．细节理解题。根据文章中“Later on in her life, when she came to live with us after her retirement (退休), my mom gave the gift of time to my children too.”可知，作者母亲退休后又帮作者照顾孩子。故选B。
44．推理判断题。文章中“My mom would listen as I shared all of my hopes, my fears, and my dreams for my family.”以及“We would just be finished with school and have to hurry, so my mom would be on time for work.”可知，作者认为自己的母亲是一个十分耐心且细心的人。故选C。
45．最佳标题题。结合全文大意来看，母亲努力工作独自抚养四个孩子，日子虽然过得很忙碌，但是母亲总是能抽出时间陪伴自己的孩子和孙子，而作者则视这些陪伴的时光为珍贵的礼物。故选A。

2021年江苏省南通市通州区中考一模英语试卷
31．B 32．C 33．D

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者通过和小狗的相处，意识到我们应该学习狗那种无条件奉献自己的爱的精神。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段 “The nightly news was its usual horror show of hatred, prejudice（偏见）and division.”可知，作者认为晚间新闻一如既往地恐怖地展示着仇恨，偏见和分裂。可知，他不喜欢电视新闻。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“I hugged his neck, petted his head, scratched his belly（腹部）and laughed as he continued to shower me with his love.”可知，我抱着它的脖子，抚摸着它的头，抓着它的肚子，笑着它继续用它的爱向我倾注。可推知，当狗叫醒作者的时候，他感到开心幸福。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Dogs are our best friends and the greatest teachers of love. We should not ignore（忽视）the lessons they teach…making this world a better place.”可知，作者认为我们应该自由地付出我们的心，快乐地付出我们的爱，无条件地付出我们的仁慈。所以我们应该学习狗的无条件奉献自己的爱的精神。故选D。
34．D 35．B 36．A 37．C

【分析】本文讲述了李莲依娜（Li Lianyina）的故事。李莲依娜是越野赛车手。她八岁开始练习，在练习跨过障碍物时，从车上摔了下来，撞到了头，但是她仍然坚持练习，9岁时参加了她的第一场比赛，现在她每年大约参加30次比赛。2017年，在贵州省独山县越野车赛时，获得第一名。她的目标是成为顶尖越野车骑手。现在，她刻苦学习和强化训练。Lianyina将越野赛车视为自己的生命和未来，她认为没有什么能阻止她。
34．词意猜测题。根据上文“While she was stuck in front of a piano and …I was so envious that my brother could have all that fun out there without me,” said Lianyina.”可知，Lianyina很羡慕父亲带着弟弟骑摩托车越野，而自己只能在家练习钢琴，她也想出去越野。由“Her parents eventually gave in to … and bought her a motorcycle as well as protective gear”可知她的父母最终屈服于她的请求，给她买了越野车，由此可推知，“pleas”意思为“请求，要求”，故选D。
35．细节理解题。根据第6段中“The first time she tried to ride over a jump, she failed...Lianyina fell off the bike, hitting her head”可知她第一次骑车跨过障碍物时失败了，从摩托车上摔下来了，故选B。
36．细节理解题。根据第10段“…but she managed to pull out all the stops and cross the line first.”可知她第一个跨过终点线，获得了第一名。故选A。
37．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，Lianyina受伤后仍然坚持越野并在艰苦的条件下取得了胜利，可以看出她是一个意志坚强的人。故选C。
38．B 39．A 40．D 41．B

【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人们今天食用的食物的原产地。
38．细节理解题。根据“Farmers in the Netherlands were looking for a fruit or vegetable to represent their king”可知，荷兰的农民正在寻找一种水果或蔬菜来代表他们的国王，故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据“The Spanish returned from South America with many new types of food, including chocolate, chili and corn.”可知，西班牙人从南美洲带回了许多新的食物，包括巧克力、辣椒和玉米，故选A。
40．细节理解题。根据“In Germany, people only began eating potatoes when the king ordered that people who did not eat them would have their ears and noses cut off”可知，德国人直到自己的生命受到威胁时，才开始吃土豆，故选D。
41．最佳标题。根据“Where does our food come from”及全文的描述可知，本文主要介绍了人们今天食用的食物的原产地，故选B。
42．C 43．D 44．A 45．C

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了社会变化迅速，工作方式也在改变，人们需要多交流且具备后备计划意识。
42．主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句话“But what happens when something inside or outside of us comes to an end?”可知， 但是当我们内部或外部的事情终止时会发生什么呢？可推知，本段讲了应对生活周期终结的例子。如内部变化需要需求帮助，外部变化如失业了会怎么办。故选C。
43．推理判断题。根据第三段“What you are doing now may not exist（存在）in ten years, so how can you best protect yourself?”可知，你现在做的事情。可能十年之后就不存在了。你怎么能够最好的保护自己呢？可推知，作者认为有后备计划是在一个不断变化的社会中生存的一种方式。故选D。
44．推理判断题。根据“I didn’t think it could be effective, but after using it in a couple of emergency situations, it worked so well that I continued the practice.”可知，我不认为它会有效，但在几次紧急情况下使用后，它效果很好，我继续练习。可推知，作者的经历告诉我们，以前的工作方式变了。故选A。
45．主旨大意题。根据“All in all, it is that kind of interaction（互动）that we need the most. Even though the world is forever, changing, interaction keeps us together mentally and emotionally. Let’s make sure that continues.”可知，总而言之，就是那种互动是我们最需要的。即使世界永远在变化，互动让我们在精神和情感上保持在一起。让我们确保这种情况持续下去。可知文章是鼓励人们更多的互动交流。故选C。