高考英语阅读理解专项训练

这是一份高考英语阅读理解专项训练，共28页。

阅读理解
A GIFT MEMBERSHIP IN THE NYRB CLASSICS BOOK CLUB
Members of the NYRB Classics Book Club have received new translations of  Balzac and Nobel Prize winner Patrick Modiano, as well as classics by William Gass and many others.“NYRB has made a specialty of rescuing and reviving all kinds of ignored or forgotten works in English or in translation, fiction and nonfiction by writers famous and unknown.” Said The New York Times.
A membership in the NYRB Classics Book Club ensures a monthly literary surprise. Each month, editors select one new book and we send it to members as soon as it is available.
Our special holiday membership, including free shipping in the US, is $135, a savings of $60 off the regular book club price. Gift memberships start with the January 2023 selection.
To order a membership for yourself or a gift membership, please call  1-800-354-0050 or visit www.nyrb.com/holiday. The holiday offer price outside of the US is $225, a savings of $45 off the regular book club price.
OURRECENTBOOKCLUBSELECTIONS
The Silentiary by Antonio di Benedetto • Woman Running in the Mountains by Yūko Tsushima • Gold by Rumi • Peter the Great’s African by Alexander Pushkin • Guston in Time by Ross Feld • The Uncollected Essays of Elizabeth Hardwick • The Flanders Road by Claude Simon • The Enormous Room by E.E. Cummings
1．What is NYRB Classics Book Club special for?
A．Bringing those unpopular books to life.
B．Getting those forgotten books rewritten.
C．Offering a surprise to members each year.
D．Providing a free shipping outside of the US.
2．How much should a Chinese pay if he gets a gift membership?
A．$270. B．$225. C．$180. D．$135.
3．In which column of a newspaper can we probably read the passage?
A．Lifestyle. B．Business. C．Opinion. D．Advertisement.

Do you ever hear a friend speak on a topic with the belief that “everyone”thinks the same way? Do you often find yourself surrounded in a social media feed that is completely tailored to you and your beliefs, reading along without the immediate realization?
A social media echo chamber (回声壁) is when one experiences a tailored media experience that leave out opposing viewpoints and differing voices. Social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube connect groups of like-minded users together based on shared content preferences. As a result, people see and take in information according to our preexisting beliefs and opinions. Social media companies therefore rely on algorithms (算法) to assess our interests and flood us with information that will keep our attention. The algorithms focus on what we “like”, and “share” to keep feeding content that makes us comfortable.
In order to truly get access to all information and to evaluate our media, we must give ourselves the opportunity to step out of our comfort zone. While this becomes increasingly challenging, there are things we can do.The first step is to beef up your media consumption sources. Adding in a few media sources with differing opinions will allow you to at least understand what people are saying outside of your echo chamber. Next, read each thing you see with a critical eye. Make sure that each thing you accept as truth is truly fact. Lastly, attempt to search out reliable new sources that are known for trying their best to leave out false information. By accepting that our media buffet on social media is a product of our present beliefs and opinions, we can work to make sure we are not simply stuck in a social media echo chamber.
4．What is a result of the social media echo chamber?
A．People contact like-minded online users effectively.
B．People keep reading for more differing viewpoints.
C．People rely on algorithms to evaluate their interests.
D．People only get information confirming their beliefs.
5．What does “beef up”underlined in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Track. B．Improve.
C．Provide. D．Identify.
6．Which of the following can help us get out of the echo chamber?
A．Criticizing fake news on social media.
B．Exposing ourselves to opposing voices.
C．Researching primary sources of information.
D．Accepting our present beliefs and opinions.
7．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To call on people to use algorithms frequently.
B．To ask people not to take in information blindly.
C．To promote the use of various social media sites.
D．To inform people of new technology developments.

Cimabue, the greatest painter in medieval Italy, was surprised when he discovered that a fly had landed on one of his works.“Shoo!”he shouted, but it remained still. Finally, he reached out to touch the insect. To his surprise, he found only wet paint. Actually Giotto had painted the fly when Cimabue was away, and it looked so real that Cimabue had been completely fooled.
Giotto di Bondone was born in a poor farming family. Legend has it that while he was tending goats he drew a picture on a rock and that the artist Cimabue,who happened to be passing by, saw him at work and was so impressed with the boy’s talent that he took him into his studio as an apprentice(学徒).
In the Middle Ages,an apprentice’s job was to copy his master as exactly as he could, which resulted in a distinct lack of new ideas. In fact,art in the Middle Ages seemed to have been stuck in a rut. The people in paintings didn’t look like real people,and the symbolism of art was often so remote that it must have been difficult for viewers to connect with it on a personal level. But Giotto thought art could be something more.
To accomplish this goal, Giotto adopted many techniques that were uncommon at the time. He painted people the way he saw them,instead of the overly tall and boxy people that other artists painted. He created three-dimensional space by using perspective, something that had not been done since Roman times. Finally, he threw out parts of the symbolism associated with medieval painting. For example, at that time the Christ Child was usually drawn as a mature man who was only a baby in size. This symbolized that Christ was wise even though he was young. Instead,Giotto painted the Christ Child as a baby,which emphasized the human relationship between the child and his mother.
The ideas Giotto brought to painting throughout his life revolutionized the art world and made him one of the greatest painters ever.
8．Why does the author mention the fly event in paragraph 1?
A．To prove the pupil outdoes the master.
B．To stress the fly was vividly painted.
C．To relate how Cimabue was tricked.
D．To demonstrate art has no limits.
9．Why did Cimabue decide to instruct Giotto?
A．Giotto would be a helpful assistant.
B．Cimabue desired to rid Giotto of poverty.
C．Giotto badly needed Cimabue’s guidance.
D．Cimabue sensed a great potential in Giotto.
10．What can we learn about art in the Middle Ages in paragraph 3?
A．It lacked innovation. B．It highlighted realism.
C．It bonded well with viewers. D．It underwent great changes.
11．Why did Giotto paint the Christ Child as a baby?
A．To portray people in a realistic way.
B．To try the technique of perspective.
C．To distinguish himself from other painters.
D．D．To bring a sense of symbolism to his painting.

Winemakers in the Rioja area in northern Spain make some of the best wine in the world. But in recent years, winemakers there have been having difficulty producing good wine. They say when the temperature was cooler, the wine tasted better, but it was 2.2 degrees Celsius higher than average in 2022. Now, a genetic research has shown that grape vines living for more than 35 years are better able to deal with high temperatures brought by climate change.
Researchers like Pablo Carbonell think older grape vines may be able to grow better in higher temperatures. Carbonell looks at rows of gray shapes on his computer screen. Among them was a green rectangle,which represents a kind of grape vine that produces grapes that take longer to ripen,even in warmer conditions.A longer ripeness period is what winemakers want. The current vines produce grapes that are ready to pick too early. Such grapes do not make wine that has the right color and smell and has too much alcohol.
People who work in the vineyards have long crossed old vines with new ones. Now they are working with special laboratories to find a climate-resistant vine. One of them is the Vine and Wine Research Institute,known as the ICVV in Spain. The lab is working to keep the Spanish wine making industry alive as temperatures rise. The scientists there are studying the genomes(基因组)of commonly used grapes in wine and looking for traits，or qualities，that might permit the vines to survive in a warmer climate instead of looking for mutation(变异)that causes diseases.
In addition to the genetic research,scientists are also working on different planting methods.A winery called RODA is planting vines in a curve instead of a straight line. The hope is that plants will soak up more water this way. The new vineyard is made up of vines that were over 100 years old and moved from another place.
Maria Santolaya is an agricultural engineer and part of RODA’s technical team. She said the hot weather was very problematic. But,“our biggest concern,”she added,“is what will happen in 20 or 30 years. We don’t really know how things will come out.”
12．What mainly causes the quality of wine to decline in Spain?
A．Shortage of rainfall. B．High temperature.
C．Genetic variation. D．Geographical location.
13．What does the Carbonell’s research find in paragraph 2?
A．Grapes picked too early won’t have the sugar content.
B．Grapes with a longer ripeness period make good wine.
C．Grapes in hot regions won’t lose their original flavor.
D．Grapes from older vines have a rise in production.
14．What is being done to keep the Spanish winemaking industry alive?
A．Make use of older grape vines.
B．Develop disease-resistant grape vines.
C．Replace old grape vines with new ones.
D．Cultivate grape vines with abundant water.
15．What is Maria’s attitude to climate change?
A．Indifferent. B．Unclear. C．Worried. D．Conservative.

If a single word can describe our daily life during those first three years, it is “scrounge”(讨要). Every waking moment we were concentrating on how the hell we would be able to save up enough coins to do whatever it was we had to do. Even the simplest decision must be inspected by the ever alert budget committee of your mind.
“Hey, Oliver, let’s go to see Becket tonight.”
“Listen, it’s three bucks.”
“What do you mean?”
“I mean a buck fifty for you and a buck fifty for me.”
“Does that mean yes or no?”
“Neither. It just means three bucks.”
Our honeymoon was spent on a yacht and with twenty-one children. That is, I sailed from 7 o’clock in the morning till whenever my passengers had enough, and Jenny was a children’s counselor. It was a place called the Pequod Boat Club in Dennis Port-an establishment that included a large hotel, a marina and several dozen houses for rent. In one of the tinier bungalows (平房), I have nailed an imaginary plaque (匾牌): “Oliver and Jenny slept here”. I think it’s a tribute (致敬) to us both that after a long day of being kind to our customers, for we were largely dependent on their tips for our income, Jenny and I were nonetheless kind to each other: I simply say “kind”, because I lack the vocabulary to describe what loving and being loved by Jennifer Cavilleri is like. Sorry, I mean Jennifer Barrett.
Before leaving for the Cape, we found a cheap apartment in North Cambridge, which was, as Jenny described it, “in the state of disrepair”. It had originally been a two-family structure, now changed into four apartments, overpriced even at its “cheap” rental. But what the hell can graduate students do? It’s a seller’s market.
16．What can we learn from the conversation between Oliver and Jenny?
A．Neither of them wanted to see Becket. B．They didn’t have three bucks.
C．Jenny was wasting money. D．Oliver was an economical man.
17．Why were Oliver and Jenny friendly to customers?
A．They were both counselors for children. B．They needed to get tips from customers.
C．They didn’t have enough room to live in. D．That was the rule on the yacht.
18．What does Jennifer imply about their apartment by saying “In the state of disrepair”?
A．It was not cheap. B．It was not distant.
C．It was not decent. D．It was not luxurious.
19．Which might be the best title of the passage?
A．A couple’s debt repayment process B．A couple’s miserable life
C．A couple’s honeymoon trip D．A couple’s holiday on a yacht

Air Tag, a small Bluetooth-and-GPS-enabled device, was released by Apple in April 2021. This small device aimed at making our lives easier was originally designed to end the trouble of losing keys, wallets or other little objects. However, it may become the “perfect” tracking tool if in the wrong hands. My ex-husband was an early adopter of the AirTag. He and I had a falling out, leading to a divorce battle. In order to win custody battle, he used the little device to track me.
As a tech giant, the Apple company brought great convenience to the users, including me. I had never given a thought to tracking via Air Tag until it happened to me. So I started scanning stories about Air Tag. I was surprised to find that I was not alone. There were so many people tracked by these seemingly innocent electronic tags in their daily life. AirTag which was originally launched for a better life should have such a dark side in the wrong hands.
People have found that the digital device has the potential for abuse. What matters is how to avoid its danger. Apple has released updates to the AirTag’s functionality very quickly since they hit the market. Meanwhile, Apple has also improved its customer service to deal with the bugs of this kind. If you find an unwanted AirTag following you, don’t panic. Just disable it. You can follow the prompts on your Apple device to learn more about disabling the device. Once you’ve completed the above step, the tag’s original owner can’t keep track of you any more.
Almost every digital technology creates security issues. Nobody can go and live in a cave to remain unaffected. While enjoying its convenience, you need to be aware of the risks it poses, and know how to deal with them. Prevention is more effective in security issues than fixes. After all, a stitch in time saves nine.
20．What is the original function of AirTag?
A．To track one’s location secretly. B．To help find one’s easily lost items.
C．To locate one’s phone accurately. D．To ensure the safety of one’s phone.
21．Why did the author scan stories about AirTag?
A．Her ex-husband tracked her via AirTag.
B．Many people suffered from security problem.
C．AirTag was a newly released electronic device.
D．She intended to know about its great convenience.
22．What is advised to do when you are followed by an unwanted AirTag?
A．Have it updated. B．Make it unable to work.
C．Pay no attention to it. D．Contact its original owner.
23．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?
A．People should keep pace with the times.
B．People should use technology in a proper way.
C．People should handle potential digital risks actively.
D．People should bear the responsibility to fix the bugs bravely.

In 1977, Irene Pepperberg, a Harvard graduate, decided to investigate the thought processes of another creature by talking to it. To do this, she would teach a one-year-old African gray parrot (鹦鹉), Alex, to reproduce the sounds of the English language.
Pepperberg bought Alex in a pet store, where she let the store’s assistant choose him because she didn’t want other scientists to say that she bad intentionally chosen an especially smart bird. Given that Alex’s brain was just the size of a walnut, most researchers thought Pepperberg’s communication study would be futile.
But with Pepperberg’s patient teaching, Alex learned how to follow almost 100 English words. He could count to six and had learned the sound for seven and eight. But the point was not to see if Alex could learn words by heart. Pepperberg wanted to get inside his mind and learn more about a bird’s understanding of the world.
In one demonstration, Pepperberg held up a green key and a green cup for him to look at. “What’s the same?” she asked. “Color,” Alex responded without hesitation. “What’s different?” Pepperberg asked. “Shape,” Alex quickly replied. His voice had the sound of a cartoon character. But the words — and what can only be called the thoughts — were entirely his. Many of Alex’s skills, such as his ability to understand the concepts of “same” and “different”, are rare in the animal world. Living in a complex society, parrots like Alex must keep track of changing relationships and environments.
During the demonstration, as if to offer final proof of the mind inside his bird’s brain, Alex spoke up. “Talk clearly!” he commanded, when one of the younger birds Pepperberg was also teaching mispronounced the word “green”.
Alex knew all the answers himself and was getting bored. “He’s moody,” said Pepperberg, “so he interrupts the others, or he gives the wrong answer just to be difficult.” Pepperberg was certainly learning more about the mind of a parrot, but like the parent of a troublesome teenager, she was learning the hard way.
24．Why did Pepperberg let the shop assistant choose the bird?
A．A bird with a small brain was needed. B．She wanted a very smart bird for her study.
C．A research subject should be randomly chosen. D．The shop assistant was better at choosing birds.
25．What might most researchers think of Pepperberg’s study at first?
A．Innovative. B．Practical. C．Costly. D．Fruitless.
26．Which of the following aspects of Alex’s ability did Pepperberg’s study focus on?
A．Understanding concepts. B．Calculating.
C．Recognizing voices. D．Creating English words.
27．What caused Pepperberg’s struggle in her study?
A．Her instructions had to be easy for Alex. B．Alex was sometimes too clever to control.
C．Alex would point out other birds’ mistakes. D．She had trouble understanding Alex’s mood.

Lots of people dislike rats. They slide around in sewers(下水道). They get in the garbage. They can spread disease. It can be difficult to see their value — other than as an animal model for studying human illness. But rats have more to share.
When the first Europeans came to Virginia, black rats took a ride in their ships. They went on to live with the Europeans and often built nests in the walls of people’s homes. Those nests are full of information about early settlers. They show what specific materials the early settlers used, which helps historians find out what they could make and produce for themselves —and what they had to import from across the ocean.
In rats, DNA “really tells a story about the people,” says Emily Puckett, who studies how a species’ DNA differs across its range. Another species — the brown rat can help tell a large story about how people spread around the globe, Puckett finds. Brown rats were originally from Eastern China and Mongolia. From there, Puckett’s DNA samples have shown that the brown rat spread south and east, to India and almost everywhere else. The DNA in its bones could help determine where the rats came from — and which cities might have been linked.
At the University of York in England, David Orton studies animals that lived with ancient humans. Usually, when historians find remains of an ancient city, they want to dig and find more. “The trouble is that most of the time, the ancient cities tend to be underneath modern cities,” Orton says. “And you can’t just go and dig the whole thing up.” But you can follow the rats. Rats are “very dependent on humans for their food supplies and for their shelter,” he explains.
These rats have given us a new appreciation. “It was fascinating to think that these little creatures are stealing things, and … safeguarding them for us to find later,” Maureen Elgersman Lee, a historian, says.
28．What do historians probably learn from the nest of rats?
A．The appearance of their nests.
B．The family members’ occupations.
C．The living conditions of early settlers.
D．The process of their food transportation.
29．Why can the brown rat help tell a large story?
A．Because it originated from Eastern China.
B．Because its DNA reflected its spreading experience.
C．Because it enjoyed travelling around the globe.
D．Because its bones were full of information of cities.
30．What do David Orton’s words mean?
A．Humans offered food and shelter for rats.
B．Historians could study the ancient city by digging.
C．The ancient cities were mostly located above modern ones.
D．Rats could offer a clue to learn the size of ancient cities.
31．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．Rats Differ from Regions
B．Rats Change People’s Attitude
C．Rats Reveal the History of Us
D．Rats Depend on Humans for Living

There’s a new AI bot in town: ChatGPT, and you’d better pay attention, even if you aren’t into artificial intelligence. ChatGPT is an AI chatbot system that OpenAI released in November to show off and test what a very large, powerful AI system can accomplish. You can ask it countless questions and often will get an answer that’s useful. For example, you can ask it encyclopedia questions like, “Explain Newton’s laws of motion.” You can tell it, “Write me a poem,” and when it does, say, “Now make it more exciting.” You ask it to write a computer program that’ll show you all the different ways you can arrange the letters of a word.
ChatGPT is a big deal. The tool seems pretty knowledgeable in areas where there’s good training data for it to learn from. It’s not all-knowing or smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound downright authoritative. A few days after its launch, more than a million people were trying out ChatGPT. And it’s becoming big business. In January, Microsoft pledged to invest billions of dollars into OpenAI, saying it’ll build features into cloud services. OpenAI announced a $20 per month ChatGPT Plus service that responds faster and gets new features sooner.
It’s an AT that’s trained to recognize patterns in vast series of text harvested from the internet, then further trained with human assistance to deliver more useful, better dialog. The answers you get may sound reasonable and even authoritative, but they might well be entirely wrong, as OpenAI warns. Sometimes, helpfully, it’ll specifically warn you of its own shortcomings. For example, when I asked it who wrote the phrase “the squirming facts exceed the squamous mind,” ChatGPT replied, “I’m sorry, but I am not able to browse the internet or access any external information beyond what I was trained on.” (The phrase is from Wallace Stevens’ 1942 poem Connoisseur of Chaos.)
The fact that it offers an answer at all, though, is a notable development in computing. Computers are famously literal, refusing to work unless you follow exact syntax and interface requirements. Large language models are revealing a more human-friendly style of interaction, not to mention an ability to generate answers that are somewhere between copying and creativity.
32．Which of the following can be a subtitle for the first paragraph?
A．What is ChatGPT?
B．What are the limits of ChatGPT?
C．What kind of questions can you ask?
D．Why is ChatGPT blowing everyone’s mind?
33．What made ChatGPT a big deal?
A．More than a million users.
B．Investment of billions of dollars.
C．Its ability to generate creative answers.
D．The bright future promised by Microsoft.
34．We can infer the purpose of example in Paragraph Three is to________.
A．Draw people’s attention to OpenAI
B．Reveal the weakness of ChatGPT
C．Explain work pattern of the system
D．Show the methods of training ChatGPT
35．Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT?
A．Opposed. B．Critical. C．Supportive. D．Objective.

It all started when I typed a perfectly reasonable prompt (提示词)into one of several apps on the market that can create an image based on text. “Skull space laser dinosaur starship explosion, ” I wrote. The app processed for a few seconds, and returned four images, one of which was strangely accurate: a dinosaur-looking skull screamed out of an empty space, trailing fire. Text-to-image AIs identify images by looking at the text that people have used to describe those pictures online. When the app got my prompt, it studied images that random people had described as “dinosaur” or laser and soon then used what is called a diffusion model (扩散模型) to add a bunch of random chaos to those pictures. Once they were suitably completed, it “upscaled” them, removing noise and sharpening focus. Its work is so good that an artist using it recently won first place for digital images at the Colorado State Fair.
But there is the question of all the other pictures online that are being transformed into AI-generated masterpieces. As many artists have pointed out, their works are being used without payment. The image-generating algorithm (算法) creates illustrations and even movies by using data sets stocked with art stolen from artists who post their works online.
Some AI researchers argue that their algorithms aren’t stealing from artists so much as learning from them just as human artists learn from each other. But a more ethical approach would be for companies to acknowledge their debt to artists and create a model of voluntary collective licensing, much like what radio stations first did in radio’s early days. Back then, musicians created groups like BMI to collectively license their music to radio stations-then BMI would pay artists based on how often their songs were played. Perhaps artists and art institutions today could form a “collecting society” that would allow companies to license their artwork for data sets.
To create ethical AI systems, we need to acknowledge the people whose work makes those systems so magical. We can’t simply take advantage of every image online - we need humans to manage those data sets and we need to pay them to do it.
36．What can we learn about Text-to-image Als from the first two paragraphs?
A．They are developed to process pictures.
B．They are used to describe online pictures.
C．They use a diffusion model to beautify pictures.
D．They create their works based on online pictures.
37．One of the issues raised by the success of Text-to-image AIs is ________.
A．the influence upon art creation
B．the availability of online pictures
C．the neglect of the artists’ copyright
D．the prospect of artists being replaced
38．Why did the author mention BMI in Paragraph 4?
A．To introduce the role that BMI played in AI history.
B．To present a way to regulate the use of online pictures.
C．To prove the necessity of licensing music to radio stations.
D．To demonstrate the urgency of forming a collecting society.
39．What can we infer from the passage?
A．It is not practical to improve the image-generating algorithm.
B．The function of Text-to-image AIs shouldn’t be underestimated.
C．Human efforts should be valued in the application of Text-to-image AIs.
D．Companies should be held responsible for the illegal pictures on public websites.

I was cutting up lettuce in the kitchen when I suddenly remembered watching a video about soaking the lettuce stub(残余部分)in water to grow a whole new vegetable. So I took out a wide-mouthed mug and placed the stub into it, gave it a little water, and placed it by the window.
On a snowy morning, I noticed the first sign. A first small leaf from its heart spread out. A tiny green flag of hope. Beaten, but not defeated. This lettuce was not done living! Within days, it was impossible to see the cuts where I had removed the leaves. The growth was explosive. And when I lifted the blossoming head out of the mug(大杯)，tiny root threads fell down, seeking for the earth. What is growing here? Lettuce or hope?
If I were a lettuce in a similar condition, I’d want to skeptically assess where I found myself before committing to full growth. Yet for this lettuce, my inadequate offering of water and a place by a window was enough for it to decide to reclaim itself again. It grew in a mug of water, in faith. This is the heart of this lettuce: alive, strong and fearless. It deserved a name. I decided to call it Monty.
Monty wanted to grow, as we all do. I think I gave him a little love and freedom. Those two ingredients were all he needed to return to himself. I see joy in this lettuce. The return to self is always an expression of joy, which is life itself. With the right ingredients, this is the tendency of all living things.
Monty still lives in a mug, but I’m going to transplant him outside. He deserves to become his full self. The only problem I see now is my capacity to support Monty. I hope I have enough of a green finger.
I’m surprised to find myself where I am. Maybe Monty is, too. I have the same choice as he does: give in and decay(腐败),or start again. The prospect of starting again is discouraging. But my lettuce-friend, Monty, leads the way. I can only hope to be as brave.
40．Why did the author soak the stub in water?
A．To hope that it would grow. B．To decorate the nice mug.
C．To conduct an experiment. D．To remove his bad mood.
41．What is the first sign of life in the author’s eyes?
A．The remaining stub. B．The small leaf.
C．The disappearing cuts. D．The tiny root threads.
42．How would the author feel if in the lettuce’s situation?
A．Hesitant. B．Fearless. C．Aimless. D．Annoyed
43．What can we learn from Monty?
A．Enjoying your own life to the fullest.
B．Believing in yourself when in trouble.
C．Never being afraid to restart yourself.
D．Giving freedom to the heart in a way.

Every Sunday at 2 p. m., Marisela Godinez, the owner of El Mesón Tequilería, a Mexican restaurant in Austin, Texas, used to fill a 12-gallon bucket, plus another half-bucket, with leftover food from the restaurant’s all-you-can-eat brunch buffet. “We threw out a lot of food,” she said.
But a few months ago Ms. Godinez signed up to use an app called Too Good To Go. Now, 10 customers pick up “surprise bags” of her leftovers for $ 5. 99 each, and she sends far fewer leftovers to the landfill.
Around the country, apps that connect customers to businesses with leftover food have begun to spread. The concept is simple: Restaurants and grocery stores throw away huge amounts of food every day. Rather than trash it, apps like Too Good To Go and Flashfood help businesses sell it at a reduced price. They claim that the businesses and buyers are helping the environment because the food would otherwise become food waste, a big contributor to climate change.
Food production itself is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for between a quarter and a third of global emissions. Each step of the process-growing, harvesting, moving, processing, packaging, storing and preparing food-releases carbon dioxide,methane and other planet-warming gases. When the food is wasted, so are all those emissions. In addition, once unused food reaches landfills, it breaks down and releases more methane.
Too Good To Go has tried to gamify (游戏化) buying leftover food. In the United States, customers in 12 cities can browse restaurants and stores, then reserve “surprise bags” that typically cost about $4 to $ 6 and contain food that would have been originally priced at roughly three times that amount. The bags can be picked up at a certain time window.
According to interviews with several companies selling on Too Good To Go, at least a few items for sale there aren’t necessarily what buyers might think of as “food waste”. A beverage company owner said he used the app to sell discontinued products and he also wanted to try selling new flavors there in hopes of attracting new customers.
44．How does Marisela Godinez deal with leftovers now?
A．By throwing them into buckets. B．By sending them to the landfill.
C．By selling them on the special app. D．By offering them to customers for free.
45．What does Paragraph 4 really want to say?
A．The complex process of food production.
B．The best way to reduce gas emission.
C．The popularity of Too Good To Go.
D．The negative effect of food waste.
46．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Different kinds of games can be played on the app.
B．The goal of the app is to help people find food easily.
C．Discontinued products are sold on Too Good To Go.
D．New food products might be bought on Too Good To Go.
47．What’s the passage mainly about?
A．Too Good To Go helps cut a significant amount of food waste.
B．Too Good To Go inspires everyone to fight against gas emission.
C．Too Good To Go saves a number of people from being hungry.
D．Too Good To Go contributes to the increase of the business well.











参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了NYRB经典读书会，介绍了其入会会员费、享受的优惠等等。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段““NYRB has made a specialty of rescuing and reviving all kinds of ignored or forgotten works in English or in translation, fiction and nonfiction by writers famous and unknown.” Said The New York Times.(“NYRB的专长是拯救和复兴各种被忽视或遗忘的英语或翻译作品，无论是著名作家还是无名作家的小说还是非小说作品。”《纽约时报》说。)”可知，NYRB经典读书会拯救了那些不受欢迎的书。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The holiday offer price outside of the US is $225, a savings of $45 off the regular book club price.(美国以外地区的假日优惠价格为225美元，比普通读书俱乐部的价格低45美元。)”可知，一个中国人需要付225美元才能成为会员。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要推荐了NYRB经典读书会，介绍了入会方式以及费用，所以这是一则广告。故选D。
4．D 5．B 6．B 7．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。社交媒体回音室是指一个人体验量身定制的媒体体验，将对立的观点和不同的声音排除在外。本文主要分析了社交媒体回音室产生的原因，并就如何确保我们不会简单地被困在社交媒体的回音室里提出建议。
4．推理判断题。根据第二自然段“As a result, people see and take in information according to our preexisting beliefs and opinions. (因此，人们根据我们先前存在的信仰和观点来看待和接受信息。)”可知，社交媒体回音室的结果是人们只能得到证实他们信仰的信息。故选D。
5．词义猜测题。根据第三自然段划线词后的句子“Adding in a few media sources with differing opinions will allow you to at least understand what people are saying outside of your echo chamber. (加入一些有不同意见的媒体来源，至少可以让你了解人们在你的回音室外说什么。)”可推知，人们需要加强媒体消费来源，从而真正获得所有信息并评估我们的媒体。故beef up意为“加强；改进”。A. Track.追踪；B. Improve.改进；C. Provide.提供；D. Identify.识别。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Adding in a few media sources with differing opinions will allow you to at least understand what people are saying outside of your echo chamber. Next, read each thing you see with a critical eye. (加入一些有不同意见的媒体来源，至少可以让你了解人们在你的回音室外说什么。接下来，用批判的眼光阅读你所看到的每一件事。)”可知，让自己暴露在反对的声音中可以帮助我们走出回音室。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“In order to truly get access to all information and to evaluate our media, we must give ourselves the opportunity to step out of our comfort zone.( 为了真正获得所有信息并评估我们的媒体，我们必须给自己一个走出舒适区的机会。) ”和最后一句“By accepting that our media buffet on social media is a product of our present beliefs and opinions, we can work to make sure we are not simply stuck in a social media echo chamber. (通过接受我们在社交媒体上的媒体自助餐是我们当前信仰和观点的产物，我们可以努力确保我们不会简单地被困在社交媒体的回音室里。)”可知，作者希望通过本文要求人们不要盲目接受信息。故选B。
8．B 9．D 10．A 11．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了意大利文艺复兴时期的开创者乔托·迪·邦多内，介绍了其艺术特色，和绘画技巧等。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Cimabue, the greatest painter in medieval Italy, was surprised when he discovered that a fly had landed on one of his works. “Shoo!” he shouted, but it remained still. Finally, he reached out to touch the insect. To his surprise, he found only wet paint. Actually Giotto had painted the fly when Cimabue was away, and it looked so real that Cimabue had been completely fooled.(契马布埃是中世纪意大利最伟大的画家，当他发现一只苍蝇落在他的一幅作品上时，他大吃一惊。他喊道“嘘”，但它仍然静止不动。最后，他伸出手去摸那只昆虫。令他吃惊的是，他只发现了未干的油漆。实际上，乔托是在契马布埃不在的时候画的这只苍蝇，它看起来如此逼真，以至于契马布埃完全被愚弄了。)”可知，第一段提到苍蝇是为了说明这只苍蝇画得栩栩如生。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Legend has it that while he was tending goats he drew a picture on a rock and that the artist Cimabue, who happened to be passing by, saw him at work and was so impressed with the boy’s talent that he took him into his studio as an apprentice(学徒).(传说他在放羊的时候在一块石头上画了一幅画，碰巧经过的画家契马布埃看到了他的作品，对他的才华印象深刻，把他收进了自己的画室当学徒。)”可知，契马布埃将乔托收为自己的学徒是因为觉得乔托极具艺术天赋，有发展前途。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In the Middle Ages, an apprentice’s job was to copy his master as exactly as he could, which resulted in a distinct lack of new ideas. In fact, art in the Middle Ages seemed to have been stuck in a rut.(在中世纪，学徒的工作是尽可能准确地模仿他的主人，这导致了明显缺乏新想法。事实上，中世纪的艺术似乎已经变得呆板无新意。)”可知，中世纪的艺术缺乏创新。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“He painted people the way he saw them, instead of the overly tall and boxy people that other artists painted.(他画他所看到的人的样子，而不是像其他艺术家画的那样过于高大和四四方方的人。)”以及“Instead, Giotto painted the Christ Child as a baby, which emphasized the human relationship between the child and his mother.(相反，乔托把圣婴描绘成一个婴儿，强调了孩子和母亲之间的人际关系。)”可知，乔托把圣婴描绘成一个婴儿是运用了写实的方式描绘人物。故选A。
12．B 13．B 14．A 15．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了因温度升高，西班牙的酿酒师难以生产出好葡萄酒，目前他们借助科学，希望能解决这一问题。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“They say when the temperature was cooler, the wine tasted better(他们说，当温度较低时，葡萄酒味道更好)”可知，高温能导致葡萄酒的质量下降，故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“A longer ripeness period is what winemakers want.(更长的成熟期是酿酒师想要的)”可知，成熟期较长的葡萄可以酿造出好葡萄酒，故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“People who work in the vineyards have long crossed old vines with new ones. Now they are working with special laboratories to find a climate-resistant vine. One of them is the Vine and Wine Research Institute,known as the ICVV in Spain. The lab is working to keep the Spanish wine making industry alive as temperatures rise(在葡萄园工作的人长期以来一直在用新的葡萄藤与旧的葡萄藤杂交。现在，他们正在与专门的实验室合作，寻找一种耐气候的藤蔓植物。其中之一是葡萄和葡萄酒研究所，在西班牙被称为ICVV。随着气温上升，该实验室正在努力维持西班牙酿酒业的活力)”可知，为了维持西班牙酿酒业的活力，老葡萄藤被充分利用，故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Maria Santolaya is an agricultural engineer and part of RODA’s technical team. She said the hot weather was very problematic. But,“our biggest concern,”she added,“is what will happen in 20 or 30 years. We don’t really know how things will come out.( Maria Santolaya是一名农业工程师，也是RODA技术团队的一员。她说炎热的天气很有问题。但是，“我们最担心的，”她补充道，“是二三十年后会发生什么。我们真的不知道事情会如何发展)”可知，Maria对气候变化持的态度为担忧，故选C项。
16．D 17．B 18．C 19．B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了一对夫妻悲惨的生活。
16．推理判断题。根据Oliver和Jenny的对话““Hey, Oliver, let’s go to see Becket tonight.” “Listen, it’s three bucks.”“What do you mean?” “I mean a buck fifty for you and a buck fifty for me.” “Does that mean yes or no?” “Neither. It just means three bucks.”(“Oliver,，我们今晚去看贝克特吧。”“听着，三块钱。”“你什么意思？”“我是说一块五给你，一块五给我。“这是否意味着去还是不去呢？”“都不是。就是三块钱。”)”可知，Oliver想省下看电影的钱，由此可推知，他很节俭，故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“I think it’s a tribute (致敬)to us both that after a long day of being kind to our customers, for we were largely dependent on their tips for our income,(我觉得在一整天对我们的客户很好之后，这是对我们两个的致敬，因为我们的收入很大程度上依赖于他们的小费)”可知，Oliver和Jenny对顾客很友好，是因为他们需要从顾客那里得到小费。故选B。
18．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“It had originally been a two-family structure, now changed into four apartments, overpriced even at its “cheap” rental. (它最初是一个两户式的结构，现在变成了四套公寓，即使以它“便宜”的租金也定价过高。)”可知，公寓很小，不像样，而且价格还贵。由此可推知，Jennifer说公寓“In the state of disrepair”，意味着公寓不像样，故选C。
19．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“If a single word can describe our daily life during those first three years, it is “scrounge”(讨要). Every waking moment we were concentrating on how the hell we would be able to save up enough coins to do whatever it was we had to do. Even the simplest decision must be inspected by the ever alert budget committee of your mind.(如果说有一个词可以形容我们头三年的日常生活，那就是“乞讨”。我们醒着的每一分钟都在关注怎样才能攒够足够的钱去做我们必须做的事情。即使是最简单的决定也必须经过你心目中永远警惕的预算委员会的审查)”可知，文章主要描述了一对夫妻的悲惨生活，B项“一对夫妻的悲惨生活”适合做文章标题，故选B。
20．B 21．A 22．B 23．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Air Tag这种小程序可以被人用来追踪他人，介绍了其最初的功能以及如何防止被追踪。
20．细节理解题。根据第一段“This small device aimed at making our lives easier was originally designed to end the trouble of losing keys, wallets or other little objects. (这个旨在让我们的生活更轻松的小设备最初是为了解决丢失钥匙、钱包或其他小物件的麻烦而设计的)”可知，AirTag最初的功能是帮助寻找容易丢失的物品。故选B。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“My ex-husband was an early adopter of the AirTag. He and I had a falling out, leading to a divorce battle. In order to win custody battle, he used the little device to track me. (我前夫是AirTag的早期使用者。我和他闹翻了，闹出了离婚大战。为了赢得抚养权，他用那个小装置跟踪我)”可知，作者浏览有关AirTag的故事是因为她的前夫通过AirTag追踪到她。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If you find an unwanted AirTag following you, don’t panic. Just disable it. (如果你发现一个不需要的AirTag跟踪你，不要惊慌。禁用它)”可知，当你后面跟着一个不需要的AirTag时，建议使它无法工作。故选B。
23．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“People have found that the digital device has the potential for abuse. What matters is how to avoid its danger. Apple has released updates to the AirTag’s functionality very quickly since they hit the market. Meanwhile, Apple has also improved its customer service to deal with the bugs of this kind. If you find an unwanted AirTag following you, don’t panic. Just disable it. You can follow the prompts on your Apple device to learn more about disabling the device. Once you’ve completed the above step, the tag’s original owner can’t keep track of you any more. (人们发现这种数字设备有被滥用的可能。重要的是如何避免危险。自从AirTag上市以来，苹果公司很快就对其功能进行了更新。与此同时，苹果也改善了客户服务来处理这类错误。如果你发现一个不需要的AirTag跟踪你，不要惊慌。禁用它。你可以按照苹果设备上的提示来了解有关禁用该设备的更多信息。一旦你完成了上述步骤，标记的原始所有者就不能再跟踪你了)”以及最后一段“Almost every digital technology creates security issues. Nobody can go and live in a cave to remain unaffected. While enjoying its convenience, you need to be aware of the risks it poses, and know how to deal with them. Prevention is more effective in security issues than fixes. After all, a stitch in time saves nine. (几乎所有的数字技术都会产生安全问题。没有人可以住在洞穴里而不受影响。在享受它的便利的同时，你需要意识到它带来的风险，并知道如何应对它们。在安全问题上，预防比修复更有效。毕竟，一针及时省九针)”可知，最后两段主要讲的是人们应该积极应对潜在的数字风险。故选C。
24．C 25．D 26．A 27．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了1977年，哈佛大学毕业生Irene Pepperberg决定通过与另一种生物交谈来研究它的思维过程。文章介绍了她研究鹦鹉的过程和遇到的困难。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段“Pepperberg bought Alex in a pet store, where she let the store’s assistant choose him because she didn’t want other scientists to say that she bad intentionally chosen an especially smart bird.( Pepperberg在一家宠物店买了Alex，她让店员挑选它，因为她不想让其他科学家说她故意选了一只特别聪明的鸟)”可知，Pepperberg让店员选鸟因为要随机选择研究对象。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段“Given that Alex’s brain was just the size of a walnut, most researchers thought Pepperberg’s communication study would be futile.(考虑到Alex的大脑只有核桃那么大，大多数研究人员认为Pepperberg的交流研究是徒劳的)”可推知，大多数研究人员一开始认为Pepperberg的研究不会成功。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“Pepperberg wanted to get inside his mind and learn more about a bird’s understanding of the world.(Pepperberg想深入他的思想，了解更多关于鸟对世界的理解)”和第四段的“Many of Alex’s skills, such as his ability to understand the concepts of “same” and “different”, are rare in the animal world.(Alex的许多技能，比如他理解“相同”和“不同”概念的能力，在动物界是罕见的)”可知，Pepperberg的研究关注的是Alex理解概念的能力。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据最后一段““He’s moody,” said Pepperberg, “so he interrupts the others, or he gives the wrong answer just to be difficult.”(“他很情绪化，” Pepperberg说，“所以他会打断别人，或者他只是为了刁难别人而给出错误的答案。”)”可知，Alex有时太聪明了，无法控制导致Pepperberg在她的研究中陷入困境。故选B。
28．C 29．B 30．D 31．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍老鼠除了作为研究人类疾病的动物模型之外，还可以帮助人们了解人类的历史。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They went on to live with the Europeans and often built nests in the walls of people’s homes. Those nests are full of information about early settlers. They show what specific materials the early settlers used, which helps historians find out what they could make and produce for themselves —and what they had to import from across the ocean.(它们继续与欧洲人生活在一起，经常在人们家的墙上筑巢。这些巢穴里充满了早期定居者的信息。它们展示了早期定居者使用的具体材料，这有助于历史学家了解他们可以为自己制造和生产什么，以及他们必须从大洋彼岸进口什。)”可知，老鼠的巢穴可以帮助历史学家们了解早期定居者的生活条件。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Another species — the brown rat can help tell a large story about how people spread around the globe, Puckett finds. Brown rats were originally from Eastern China and Mongolia. From there, Puckett’s DNA samples have shown that the brown rat spread south and east, to India and almost everywhere else.( Puckett发现，另一个物种——褐鼠可以帮助我们了解人类是如何在全球范围内扩散的。褐鼠原产于中国东部和蒙古。从那里，Puckett的DNA样本显示，褐鼠向南部和东部扩散，到达印度和几乎所有其他地方)”可知，褐鼠能够帮助了解人类历史，是因为其DNA反映了其传播的经历。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“At the University of York in England, David Orton studies animals that lived with ancient humans. Usually, when historians find remains of an ancient city, they want to dig and find more. “The trouble is that most of the time, the ancient cities tend to be underneath modern cities,” Orton says. “And you can’t just go and dig the whole thing up.” But you can follow the rats. Rats are “very dependent on humans for their food supplies and for their shelter,” he explains.(在英国约克大学，David Orton研究与古代人类生活在一起的动物。通常，当历史学家发现一座古城的遗迹时，他们想要挖掘更多。“问题是，大多数时候，古代城市往往在现代城市的下面，”Orton说。“你不能把所有的东西都挖出来。”但你可以跟着老鼠走。他解释说，老鼠“非常依赖人类提供食物和住所”。)”推知，老鼠可以帮助历史学家了解古代城市的规模。故选D。
31．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“It can be difficult to see their value — other than as an animal model for studying human illness. But rats have more to share.(除了作为研究人类疾病的动物模型之外，很难看到它们的价值。但是老鼠有更多的东西可以分享)”以及第三段“In rats, DNA “really tells a story about the people,” says Emily Puckett, who studies how a species’ DNA differs across its range.(在老鼠身上，DNA“确实讲述了一个关于人类的故事，”Emily Puckett说，她研究的是一个物种的DNA在其分布范围内的差异)”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍的是老鼠揭露了人类的历史。所以“Rats Reveal the History of Us(老鼠揭示了我们的历史)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
32．A 33．C 34．B 35．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能机器人ChatGPT的相关信息。
32．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There’s a new AI bot in town: ChatGPT, and you’d better pay attention, even if you aren’t into artificial intelligence. ChatGPT is an AI chatbot system that OpenAI released in November to show off and test what a very large, powerful AI system can accomplish. You can ask it countless questions and often will get an answer that’s useful.( 有一个新的人工智能机器人在城里:ChatGPT，你最好关注一下，即使你不喜欢人工智能。ChatGPT是OpenAI在11月发布的一款AI聊天机器人系统，旨在展示和测试一个非常强大的AI系统可以完成的任务。你可以问它无数的问题，通常会得到一个有用的答案)”可知，什么是ChatGPT可以作为第一段的副标题。故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ChatGPT is a big deal. The tool seems pretty knowledgeable in areas where there’s good training data for it to learn from. It’s not all-knowing or smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound downright authoritative.( ChatGPT是一个重要的事物。这个工具在有好的训练数据供它学习的领域似乎很有知识。它还不是无所不知或聪明到足以取代所有人类，但它可以很有创造力，它的答案听起来完全是权威的)”可知，ChatGPT生成创造性答案的能力使它成为一个重要的事物。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Sometimes, helpfully, it’ll specifically warn you of its own shortcomings. For example, when I asked it who wrote the phrase “the squirming facts exceed the squamous mind,” ChatGPT replied, “I’m sorry, but I am not able to browse the internet or access any external information beyond what I was trained on.”(The phrase is from Wallace Stevens’ 1942 poem Connoisseur of Chaos.)( 有时，它会特别提醒你它自己的缺点。例如，当我问它是谁写了“扭曲的事实超过了鳞状的头脑”这句话时，ChatGPT回答说:“很抱歉，我不能浏览互联网，也不能访问任何超出我所接受培训的外部信息。(这句话出自华莱士·史蒂文斯1942年的诗《混沌鉴赏家》。))”可知，第三段的例子是为了揭示ChatGPT的弱点。故选B。
35．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The fact that it offers an answer at all, though, is a notable development in computing. (事实上，它提供了一个答案，这是计算领域的一个显著发展。)”可推知，作者对ChatGPT持支持的态度。故选C。
36．D 37．C 38．B 39．C

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文本到图像AI可以基于文本创建图像, 但也由此带来了许多道德问题, 文章对这些问题的解决提出了方法和建议。
36． 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“It all started when I typed a perfectly reasonable prompt (提示词) into one of several apps on the market that can create an image based on text. (这一切都是从我在市面上几个可以基于文本创建图像的应用程序之一中键入一个非常合理的提示开始的。)”和“Text-to-image AIs identify images by looking at the text that people have used to describe those pictures online. When the app got my prompt, it studied images that random people had described as “dinosaur” or laser and soon then used what is called a diffusion model (扩散模型) to add a bunch of random chaos to those pictures.(文本到图像AI通过查看人们用来在线描述这些图片的文本来识别图像。当应用程序收到我的提示时, 它研究了随机人描述为“恐龙＇或激光的图像, 然后很快使用所谓的扩散模型为这些图像添加了一堆随机的混乱。)”可知, 文本到图像AI根据在线图片创作作品。故选D项。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“As many artists have pointed out, their works are being used without payment. (正如许多艺术家所指出的, 他们的作品被免费使用。)”可知, 文本到图像AI的成功带来的问题之一是对艺术家版权的忽视。故选C项。
38．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Perhaps artists and art institutions today could form a “collecting society” that would allow companies to license their artwork for data sets. (也许今天的艺术家和艺术机构可以组建一个“收藏协会”, 允许公司授权其艺术作品用于数据集。)”可知, 作者在第四段中提到BMI是为了提出一种规范网络图片使用的方法。故选B项。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段“To create ethical AI systems, we need to acknowledge the people whose work makes those systems so magical. We can’t simply take advantage of every image online-we need humans to manage those data sets and we need to pay them to do it. (为了创造合乎道德的人工智能系统, 我们需要承认那些让这些系统如此神奇的人。我们不能简单地利用网上的每一张图片, 我们需要人类来管理这些数据集, 我们需要支付他们的费用。)”可知, 在文本到图像AI的运用中, 应重视人类的努力。故选C项。
40．A 41．B 42．A 43．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者把一段生菜泡在水中，长出了枝叶繁茂的样子。作者认为重新开始的前景令人沮丧，但希望自己也能像生菜那样勇敢。
40．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was cutting up lettuce in the kitchen when I suddenly remembered watching a video about soaking the lettuce stub(残余部分)in water to grow a whole new vegetable. So I took out a wide-mouthed mug and placed the stub into it, gave it a little water(我在厨房里切生菜时，突然想起看了一段视频，讲的是把生菜茎浸泡在水中能长出一种全新的蔬菜。于是我拿出一个大嘴巴的马克杯，把生菜茎放进去，给它一点水)”可知，作者把生菜泡在水中的原因是希望能看到它生长，故选A项。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段“On a snowy morning, I noticed the first sign. A first small leaf from its heart spread out.(在一个下雪的早晨，我注意到了第一个迹象。它的茎心里开出了第一片小叶)”可知在作者看来，第一个生命的迹象是开使长出的第一片小叶，故选B项。
42．推理判断题。根据第三段“If I were a lettuce in a similar condition, I’d want to skeptically assess where I found myself before committing to full growth.( 如果我是一棵处于类似状况的生菜，我会怀疑地评估自己在完全生长之前的状况)”可知，如果作者处于生菜的状况之下，作者会犹豫不决，故选A项。
43．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The prospect of starting again is discouraging. But my lettuce-friend, Monty, leads the way. I can only hope to be as brave.( 重新开始的前景令人沮丧。但我的生菜朋友蒙蒂在前面带路，我只能希望自己也能如此勇敢)”可知，我们从蒙蒂可以学到要勇敢，不要惧怕重新开始， 故选C项。
44．C 45．D 46．D 47．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款名为“Too Good To Go”的应用程序，该程序有效地帮助商家减少了食物的浪费。
44．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But a few months ago Ms. Godinez signed up to use an app called Too Good To Go. Now, 10 customers pick up “surprise bags” of her leftovers for $ 5. 99 each, and she sends far fewer leftovers to the landfill.(但几个月前，Godinez女士注册使用了一款名为Too Good to Go的应用。现在，10名顾客以5美元的价格买了她的“惊喜袋”剩菜。每人99美元，而且她送去垃圾填埋场的剩菜要少得多。)”可知，以及文章第三段“Rather than trash it, apps like Too Good To Go and Flashfood help businesses sell it at a reduced price.(像Too Good To Go和Flashfood这样的应用程序并没有把它扔掉，而是帮助商家以更低的价格出售它。)”可知，现在Godinez女士把剩菜都卖给了Too Good To Go这款应用软件，再由Too Good To Go卖给其他顾客。故选C。
45．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Food production itself is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for between a quarter and a third of global emissions. Each step of the process-growing, harvesting, moving, processing, packaging, storing and preparing food-releases carbon dioxide, methane and other planet-warming gases. When the food is wasted, so are all those emissions. In addition, once unused food reaches landfills, it breaks down and releases more methane.(粮食生产本身就是温室气体排放的主要来源，占全球排放量的四分之一到三分之一。种植、收获、运输、加工、包装、储存和准备食物的每一步都会释放二氧化碳、甲烷和其他导致地球变暖的气体。当食物被浪费时，所有的排放物也都被浪费了。此外，一旦未使用的食物到达垃圾填埋场，它就会分解并释放更多的甲烷。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了粮食的生产会产生温室气体，而一旦被浪费，就会分解并释放更多的甲烷。所以我们可以从这段了解食物浪费的负面影响。故选D。
46．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“A beverage company owner said he used the app to sell discontinued products and he also wanted to try selling new flavors there in hopes of attracting new customers.(一家饮料公司的老板说，他使用这款应用销售已停产的产品，他也想尝试在那里销售新口味的产品，希望能吸引新客户。)”可知，有的老板有可能利用这款应用来推销新口味的产品。由此可推断，我们有可能从Too Good To Go网站上买到新食品。故选D。
47．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“But a few months ago Ms. Godinez signed up to use an app called Too Good To Go. Now, 10 customers pick up “surprise bags” of her leftovers for $ 5. 99 each, and she sends far fewer leftovers to the landfill.(但几个月前，Godinez女士注册使用了一款名为Too Good to Go的应用。现在，10名顾客以5美元的价格买了她的“惊喜袋”剩菜。每人99美元，而且她送去垃圾填埋场的剩菜要少得多。)”以及文章第三段“Around the country, apps that connect customers to businesses with leftover food have begun to spread. The concept is simple: Restaurants and grocery stores throw away huge amounts of food every day. Rather than trash it, apps like Too Good To Go and Flashfood help businesses sell it at a reduced price. They claim that the businesses and buyers are helping the environment because the food would otherwise become food waste, a big contributor to climate change. (在全国范围内，将消费者与剩饭商家联系起来的应用程序已经开始普及。这个概念很简单：餐馆和杂货店每天扔掉大量的食物。像Too Good To Go和Flashfood这样的应用程序并没有把它扔掉，而是帮助商家以更低的价格出售它。他们声称，商家和买家是在帮助环境，因为如果不这样做，这些食物就会变成食物浪费，成为气候变化的一个重要因素。)”，再联系整篇文章可知，文章主要介绍了Too Good To Go帮助商家减少了大量的食物浪费。故选A。